Income Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2025

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

Our tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimate of our annual effective tax rate. We record any changes affecting the estimated annual effective tax rate in the interim period in which the change occurs, including discrete items.

For the three months ended September 30, 2025, the effective tax rate was 14.7%, compared to 21.7% for the three months ended September 30, 2024. For the nine months ended September 30, 2025, the effective tax rate was 18.5%, compared to 23.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The change in the effective tax rates for the three-month and nine-month periods was primarily due to a change in unrecognized tax benefits recorded in connection with a U.S. federal income tax audit.

We are subject to taxation in the United States and foreign jurisdictions. Our income tax filings are regularly examined by federal, state, and foreign tax authorities. For tax years 2011 to 2013 and 2014 to 2016, the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) issued final adjustments related to transfer pricing with our foreign subsidiaries. The 2011 to 2013 adjustments would result in federal income tax of approximately $244 million, subject to interest. The 2014 to 2016 adjustments would result in federal

income tax of approximately $431 million, subject to interest. We do not agree with these adjustments and will continue to vigorously defend our position through administrative procedures. We are also under examination by the IRS for tax years 2017 to 2020.