Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Revenue Recognition—The Company follows the principles-based five step model to recognize revenue upon the transfer of promised goods or services to customers and in an amount that reflects the consideration for which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Revenue, net of estimated allowances and returns, is recognized when the Company has completed its performance obligations under a contract and control of the product is transferred to the customer. Substantially all revenue is recognized at the time shipment is made or upon delivery as risk and title to the product transfer to the customer. Sales, value add, and other taxes that are collected concurrently with revenue-producing activities are excluded from revenue. Contract terms for certain transactions, including sales made on a consignment basis, result in the transfer of control of the finished product to the customer prior to the point at which the Company has the right to invoice for the product. In these cases, timing of revenue recognition will differ from the timing of invoicing to customers and will result in the Company recording a contract asset. A contract asset balance of $10 and $11 is recorded within “Other current assets” at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively, in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Refer to Note 15 for additional discussion of the Company’s net sales by reportable segment disaggregated by geographic region.

Use of Estimates—The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and also requires the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements. In addition, it requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from these estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents— The Company considers all highly liquid investments that are purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company’s restricted cash balance of $15 as of both September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018 represent deposits to secure certain bank guarantees issued to third parties to guarantee potential obligations of the Company primarily related to the completion of tax audits and environmental liabilities. These balances will remain restricted as long as the underlying exposures exist and are included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets as a component of “Cash and cash equivalents.”

Income Statement Presentation— As a result of the application of fresh start accounting upon the Company’s emergence from Chapter 11, the Company elected to change its income statement presentation of depreciation and amortization expense beginning in the Successor period July 2, 2019 through September 30, 2019 and all periods thereafter. As a result, “Depreciation and amortization” has been added as a line item in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations and “Cost of sales” and “Selling, general and administrative expense” will now exclude all depreciation and amortization expense. In addition, the Company will no longer present “Gross profit” as a subtotal caption. For comparability purposes, this presentation change will be applied to all comparable periods presented in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and all future filings.

The effects of the income statement presentation change on the Predecessor Company’s previously reported unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations are presented below. As noted above, a component of this presentation change is removal of the “Gross profit” subtotal.



Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the period from January 1, 2019 to July 1, 2019:
	Previous Presentation Method	Effect of Presentation Change		As Reported
Cost of sales	1,507	(45	)	1,462
Selling, general and administrative expense	152	(7	)	145
Depreciation and amortization	—	52		52



Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three months ended September 30, 2018:
	As Previously Reported	Effect of Presentation Change		As Reported
Cost of sales	796	(23	)	773
Selling, general and administrative expense	72	(4	)	68
Depreciation and amortization	—	27		27



Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2018:
	As Previously Reported	Effect of Presentation Change		As Reported
Cost of sales	2,414	(71	)	2,343
Selling, general and administrative expense	231	(14	)	217
Depreciation and amortization	—	85		85

Goodwill—Upon the application of fresh start accounting, the excess of reorganization value over the fair value of identified tangible and intangible assets of $178 is carried as “Goodwill” in the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and the Company does not amortize goodwill. As of September 30, 2019, the Company has goodwill of $141 and $37 for its Forest Products Resins and Epoxy, Phenolic and Coating Resins segments, respectively. The Company reviews goodwill for impairment annually during the fourth quarter by comparing the estimated fair value to the book value of each reporting unit utilizing either a qualitative or quantitative approach. Goodwill impairment is also tested as needed upon the occurrence of an impairment triggering event.

Intangible assets - Separately identifiable intangible assets that are used in operations of the business are recorded at cost (fair value at the time of acquisition) and reported as “Other intangible assets, net” in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Costs to renew or extend the term of identifiable intangible assets are expensed as incurred. Intangible assets with determinable lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the legal or useful life of the assets, which range from 15 to 25 years.

As part of fresh start accounting, on the Effective Date, the Company established new intangible assets at fair value and the Predecessor Company’s intangible asset accumulated amortization was eliminated. As of September 30, 2019, the Company’s intangible assets with identifiable useful lives consisted of the following:



Customer relationships	$	968
Trademarks	110
Technology	141
Accumulated amortization ⁽¹⁾	(26		)
Other intangible assets, net	$	1,193


(1)	The impact of foreign currency translation on intangible assets is included in accumulated amortization.

Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities—Periodically, the Company is a party to forward exchange contracts, foreign exchange rate swaps, interest rate swaps, natural gas futures and electricity forward contracts to reduce its cash flow exposure to changes in interest rates and natural gas and electricity prices. The Company does not hold or issue derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. All derivatives, whether designated as hedging relationships or not, are recorded on our balance sheet at fair value. For fair value and cash flow hedges qualifying for hedge accounting, the Company formally documents at inception the relationship between hedging instruments and hedged items, the risk management objective, strategy and the evaluation of effectiveness for the hedge transaction. If the derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge, changes in the fair value of the derivative are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, to the extent effective, and will be recognized in the Consolidated Statement of Operations when the hedged item affects earnings. The effectiveness of a cash flow hedging relationship is established at the inception of the hedge, and after inception the Company performs effectiveness assessments at least every three months. For a derivative that does not qualify or has not been designated as a hedge, changes in fair value are recognized in earnings.

Turnaround Costs—The Company periodically performs procedures at its major production facilities to extend the useful life, increase output and efficiency and ensure the long-term reliability and safety of plant machinery (“turnaround” or “turnaround costs”). As a result of the application of fresh start accounting upon the Company’s emergence from Chapter 11, the Successor Company adopted an accounting policy to capitalize certain turnaround costs and amortize on a straight-line basis over the estimated period until the next turnaround. Costs for routine repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred. Capitalized turnaround costs were less than $1 at September 30, 2019 and are included in “Other long-term assets”.

Subsequent Events—The Company has evaluated events and transactions subsequent to September 30, 2019 through the date of issuance of its unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

Newly Adopted Accounting Standards

In February 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Board Update No. 2016-02: Leases (Topic 842) (“ASU 2016-02”). ASU 2016-02 supersedes the existing lease guidance in Topic 840. According to the new guidance, all leases, with limited scope exceptions, will be recorded on the balance sheet in the form of a liability to make lease payments (lease liability) and a right-of-use asset representing the right to use the underlying asset for the lease term. The guidance was effective for annual and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2018.

The Company adopted ASU 2016-02 using a modified retrospective adoption method at January 1, 2019. Under this method of adoption, there is no impact to the comparative Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations and the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company also determined that there was no cumulative-effect adjustment to beginning retained earnings on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. The Company will continue to report periods prior to January 1, 2019 in its financial statements under prior guidance as outlined in Accounting Standards Codification Topic 840, “Leases”. In addition, the Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which allowed the Company to carry forward its historical lease classification. The Company also elected the hindsight practical expedient to determine the lease term for existing leases. Adoption of the new standard resulted in the recording of right of use assets and offsetting lease liabilities of $105 as of January 1, 2019.

In February 2018, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Board Update No. 2018-02: Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220) (“ASU 2018-02”). ASU 2018-02 was issued in response to the United States tax reform legislation, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Reform”), enacted in December 2017. The amendments in ASU 2018-02 allow a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for stranded tax effects resulting from the new tax legislation. The guidance is effective for annual and interim periods beginning on or after December 15, 2018, and early adoption is permitted. The Company adopted ASU 2018-02 as of January 1, 2019 and it did not have a material impact on the financial statements.

In August 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Board Update No. 2017-12: Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities (“ASU 2017-12”). The amendments in this ASU 2017-12 better align an entity’s risk management activities and financial reporting for hedging relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships as well as the recognition and presentation of the effects of the hedging instrument and the hedged item in the financial statements to increase the understandability of the results of an entity’s intended hedging strategies. The amendments in ASU 2017-12 also include certain targeted improvements to ease the application of current guidance related to the assessment of hedge effectiveness. The amendments in ASU 2017-12 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted ASU 2017-12 as of January 1, 2019, and the initial adoption had no impact on the Company’s financial statements.

In October 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-16: Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes (“ASU 2018-16”). ASU 2018-16 permits the use of the Overnight Index Swap (“OIS”) based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) as a U.S. benchmark interest rate for hedge accounting purposes under Topic 815 in addition to the interest rates on direct Treasury obligations of the U.S. government (“UST”), the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) swap rate, the OIS rate based on the Fed Funds Effective Rate, and the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (“SIFMA”) Municipal Swap Rate. The amendments in this ASU 2018-16 update permit the OIS rate based on SOFR as a U.S. benchmark interest rate. Including the OIS rate based on SOFR as an eligible benchmark interest rate during the early stages of the marketplace transition will facilitate the LIBOR to SOFR transition and provide sufficient lead time for entities to prepare for changes to interest rate risk hedging strategies for both risk management and hedge accounting purposes. For entities that have not already adopted Update 2017-12, the amendments in this Update are required to be adopted concurrently with the amendments in ASU 2017-12. The Company has adopted ASU 2018-16 as of January 1, 2019 and it did not have a material impact on the financial statements.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13: Financial Instruments - Credit Losses (Topic 820): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, (“ASU 2016-13”). The amendments in this update replace the incurred loss impairment methodology in current GAAP with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information to inform credit loss estimates. New disclosures are also required with this standard. The standard is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact of adopting this standard.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-15: Intangibles - Goodwill and Other - Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Customer's Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement That is a Service Contract (“ASU 2018-15”). ASU 2018-15 align the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred in a hosting arrangement that is a service contract with the requirements for capitalizing implementation costs incurred to develop or obtain internal-use software. The standard is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted and an entity can elect to apply the new guidance on a prospective or retrospective basis. The Company is currently assessing the potential impact of adopting this standard.