Income Taxes Level 3 (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) [Table Text Block]

Income tax expense detail for the Company for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 is as follows:



	2018		2017			2016
Current:
State and local	$	2	$	2		$	2
Foreign	26		19			34
Total current	28		21			36
Deferred:
Federal	1		(5		)	—
State and local	—		—			(1		)
Foreign	11		2			3
Total deferred	12		(3		)	2
Income tax expense	$	40	$	18		$	38

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation [Table Text Block]

A reconciliation of the Company’s combined differences between income taxes computed at the federal statutory tax rate of 21% and provisions for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2018 and the federal statutory tax rate of 35% and provisions for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016 is as follows:



	2018			2017			2016
Income tax benefit computed at federal statutory tax rate	$	(26	)	$	(77	)	$	(4	)
State tax provision, net of federal benefits	1			—			—
Foreign tax rate expense (benefit) differential	9			(2		)	(18		)
Foreign source income (loss) subject to U.S. taxation	2			(45		)	21
Losses (gains) and other expenses (income) not deductible (excluded) for tax	10			20			(4		)
Increase (decrease) in the taxes due to changes in valuation allowance	25			(129		)	42
Additional expense (benefit) on foreign unrepatriated earnings	1			—			(16		)
Additional expense (benefit) for uncertain tax positions	18			5			(3		)
Tax recognized in other comprehensive income	—			(3		)	—
Changes in enacted tax laws and tax rates	—			167			—
Transition tax expense	—			65			—
Write-off of deferred tax assets	—			17			20
Income tax expense	$	40		$	18		$	38

Schedule of Income before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign [Table Text Block]

The domestic and foreign components of the Company’s loss before income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 is as follows:



	2018			2017			2016
Domestic	$	(195	)	$	(143	)	$	(115	)
Foreign	69			(77		)	104
Total	$	(126	)	$	(220	)	$	(11	)

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities [Table Text Block]

The tax effects of significant temporary differences and net operating loss, interest expense limitation, and credit carryforwards, which comprise the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2018 and 2017 is as follows:



	2018			2017
Assets:
Non-pension post-employment	$	5		$	5
Accrued and other expenses	56			53
Property, plant and equipment	4			1
Loss, expense, and credit carryforwards	488			477
Intangibles	5			6
Pension and postretirement benefit liabilities	37			47
Gross deferred tax assets	595			589
Valuation allowance	(547		)	(522		)
Net deferred tax asset	48			67
Liabilities:
Property, plant and equipment	(47		)	(52		)
Unrepatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries	(10		)	(9		)
Intangible assets	(6		)	(9		)
Gross deferred tax liabilities	(63		)	(70		)
Net deferred tax liability	$	(15	)	$	(3	)

The following table summarizes the presentation of the Company’s net deferred tax liability in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2018 and 2017:



	2018			2017
Assets:
Long-term deferred income taxes	$	—		$	8
Liabilities:
Long-term deferred income taxes	(15		)	(11		)
Net deferred tax liability	$	(15	)	$	(3	)

Summary of Valuation Allowance [Table Text Block]

The following table summarizes the changes in the valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016:



	Balance at Beginning of Period		Changes in Related Gross Deferred Tax Assets/Liabilities			Charge			Balance at End of Period
Valuation allowance on Deferred tax assets:
Year ended December 31, 2016	$	611	$	(2	)	$	42		$	651
Year ended December 31, 2017	651		—			(129		)	522
Year ended December 31, 2018	522		—			25			547

Unrecognized Tax Benefits, Increases Resulting from Current Period Tax Positions

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:



	2018			2017
Balance at beginning of year	$	80		$	73
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year	4			2
Additions for tax positions of prior years	16			1
Reductions for tax positions of prior years	(2		)	(1		)
Settlements	—			—
Foreign currency translation	(4		)	5
Balance at end of year	$	94		$	80