Pension and Postretirement Expense Level 3 (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2018

Pension and Postretirement Expense [Abstract]

Schedule of Accumulated Benefit Obligations in Excess of Fair Value of Plan Assets [Table Text Block]

The following table presents the change in benefit obligation, change in plan assets and components of funded status for the Company’s defined benefit pension and non-pension postretirement benefit plans for the years ended December 31:



	Pension Benefits												Non-Pension Postretirement Benefits
	2018						2017						2018						2017
	U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans			U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans			U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans			U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans
Change in Benefit Obligation
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	238		$	636		$	242		$	548		$	5		$	11		$	6		$	10
Service cost	3			17			3			16			—			—			—			—
Interest cost	7			10			7			9			—			1			—			1
Actuarial (gains) losses	(12		)	(38		)	6			(6		)	(1		)	2			(1		)	—
Foreign currency exchange rate changes	—			(32		)	—			77			—			(1		)	—			—
Benefits paid	(17		)	(11		)	(17		)	(11		)	—			—			—			—
Plan settlements	—			—			—			2			(4		)	—			—			—
Expenses paid from assets	(3		)	—			(3		)	—			—			—			—			—
Employee contributions	—			1			—			1			—			—			—			—
Benefit obligation at end of year	$	216		$	583		$	238		$	636		$	—		$	13		$	5		$	11
Change in Plan Assets
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	$	213		$	412		$	207		$	349		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Actual return on plan assets	(8		)	(1		)	26			4			—			—			—			—
Foreign currency exchange rate changes	—			(20		)	—			48			—			—			—			—
Employer contributions	—			23			—			21			5			—			1			—
Benefits paid	(17		)	(11		)	(17		)	(11		)	—			—			(1		)	—
Expenses paid from assets	(3		)	—			(3		)	—			—			—			—			—
Plan settlements	—			—			—			—			(5		)	—			—			—
Employee contributions	—			1			—			1			—			—			—			—
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	185			404			213			412			—			—			—			—
Funded status of the plan at end of year	$	(31	)	$	(179	)	$	(25	)	$	(224	)	$	—		$	(13	)	$	(5	)	$	(11	)

Amounts Recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet, Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income and Other [Table Text Block]



	Pension Benefits												Non-Pension Postretirement Benefits
	2018						2017						2018						2017
	U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans			U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans			U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans			U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31 consist of:
Noncurrent assets	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	1		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Other current liabilities	—			(5		)	—			(5		)	—			(1		)	—			(1		)
Long-term pension and post employment benefit obligations	(31		)	(174		)	(25		)	(220		)	—			(12		)	(5		)	(10		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	—			—			—			—			(2		)	—			(2		)	1
Net amounts recognized	$	(31	)	$	(179	)	$	(25	)	$	(224	)	$	(2	)	$	(13	)	$	(7	)	$	(10	)
Amounts recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive income at December 31 consist of:
Net prior service cost (benefit)	$	1		$	(1	)	$	1		$	(1	)	$	—		$	1		$	—		$	2
Deferred income taxes	(1		)	1			(1		)	1			(2		)	(1		)	(2		)	(1		)
Net amounts recognized	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	(2	)	$	—		$	(2	)	$	1
Accumulated benefit obligation	$	216		$	548		$	238		$	587
Accumulated benefit obligation for funded plans	216			380			238			393
Pension plans with underfunded or non-funded accumulated benefit obligations at December 31:
Aggregate projected benefit obligation	$	216		$	187		$	238		$	615
Aggregate accumulated benefit obligation	216			181			238			567
Aggregate fair value of plan assets	185			12			213			391
Pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets at December 31:
Aggregate projected benefit obligation	$	216		$	584		$	238		$	615
Aggregate fair value of plan assets	185			403			213			391

Schedule of Changes in Projected Benefit Obligations [Table Text Block]

Following are the components of net pension and postretirement expense (benefit) recognized for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016:



	Pension Benefits
	U.S. Plans									Non-U.S. Plans
	2018			2017			2016			2018			2017			2016
Service cost	$	3		$	3		$	3		$	17		$	16		$	14
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation	7			7			8			10			9			10
Expected return on assets	(14		)	(13		)	(14		)	(13		)	(11		)	(10		)
Amortization of prior service cost (benefit)	—			—			1			—			(1		)	(1		)
Unrealized actuarial loss (gain)	11			(6		)	1			(26		)	1			35
Net expense (benefit)	$	7		$	(9	)	$	(1	)	$	(12	)	$	14		$	48



	Non-Pension Postretirement Benefits
	U.S. Plans								Non-U.S. Plans
	2018		2017			2016			2018		2017		2016
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation	$	—	$	—		$	—		$	1	$	1	$	1
Amortization of prior service benefit	—		—			(1		)	—		—		—
Unrealized actuarial (gain) loss	—		(1		)	—			2		1		(1		)
Net (benefit) expense	$	—	$	(1	)	$	(1	)	$	3	$	2	$	—

Weighted Average Rates Used to Determine the Benefit Obligations [Table Text Block]

The weighted average rates used to determine the benefit obligations were as follows at December 31, 2018 and 2017:



	Pension Benefits								Non-Pension Postretirement Benefits
	2018				2017				2018				2017
	U.S. Plans		Non-U.S. Plans		U.S. Plans		Non-U.S. Plans		U.S. Plans		Non-U.S. Plans		U.S. Plans		Non-U.S. Plans
Discount rate	4.1	%	1.9	%	3.5	%	1.9	%	4.1	%	6.3	%	3.2	%	5.3	%
Rate of increase in future compensation levels	—		2.3	%	—		2.4	%	—		—		—		—
The weighted average assumed health care cost trend rates are as follows at December 31:
Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year	—		—		—		—		6.4	%	6.2	%	6.6	%	5.8	%
Rate to which the cost trend rate is assumed to decline (the ultimate trend rate)	—		—		—		—		4.5	%	4	%	4.5	%	4.5	%
Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate	—		—		—		—		2029		2040		2029		2023

Weighted Average Rates Used to Determine Net Periodic Pension Expense Benefit [Table Text Block]

The weighted average rates used to determine net periodic pension expense (benefit) were as follows for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016:



	Pension Benefits												Non-Pension Postretirement Benefits
	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans						U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans
	2018		2017		2016		2018		2017		2016		2018		2017		2016		2018		2017		2016
Discount rate	3.5	%	3.9	%	4.1	%	1.9	%	1.9	%	2.3	%	3.2	%	3.4	%	3.4	%	5.3	%	6.1	%	5.5	%
Rate of increase in future compensation levels	—		—		—		2.4	%	2.4	%	2.4	%	—		—		—		—		—		—
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets	6.7	%	6.7	%	6.7	%	3.1	%	2.9	%	3.1	%	—		—		—		—		—		—

Schedule of Allocation of Plan Assets [Table Text Block]



	Actual				Target 2018
	2018		2017		Target 2018
Weighted average allocations of U.S. pension plan assets at December 31:
Equity securities	32	%	34	%	35	%
Debt securities	55	%	55	%	55	%
Cash, short-term investments and other	13	%	11	%	10	%
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%
Weighted average allocations of non-U.S. pension plan assets at December 31:
Equity securities	19	%	22	%	20	%
Debt securities	78	%	76	%	80	%
Cash, short-term investments and other	3	%	2	%	—	%
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%

Schedule of Fair Value of U.S. Pension Plan Investments [Table Text Block]

The following table presents U.S. pension plan investments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:



	Fair Value Measurements Using
	2018								2017
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Unobserv-able Inputs (Level 3)		Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Unobserv-able Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Large cap equity funds ⁽¹⁾	$	—	$	33	$	—	$	33	$	—	$	38	$	—	$	38
Small/mid cap equity funds ⁽¹⁾	—		5		—		5		—		6		—		6
International equity funds ⁽¹⁾	—		22		—		22		—		30		—		30
Fixed income securities ⁽¹⁾	—		102		—		102		—		116		—		116
Cash equivalents ⁽²⁾	—		3		—		3		—		6		—		6
	$	—	$	165	$	—	$	165	$	—	$	196	$	—	$	196
Investments measured at fair value using net asset value as a practical expedient:
Other funds ⁽³⁾							$	20							$	17
Total							$	185							$	213

Schedule of Fair Value of non-U.S. Pension Plan Investments [Table Text Block]

The following table presents non-U.S. pension plan investments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:



	Fair Value Measurements Using
	2018								2017
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Unobserv-able Inputs (Level 3)		Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Unobserv-able Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Pooled insurance products with fixed income guarantee ⁽¹⁾	$	—	$	12	$	—	$	12	$	—	$	11	$	—	$	11
	$	—	$	12	$	—	$	12	$	—	$	11	$	—	$	11
Investments measured at fair value using net asset value as a practical expedient:
Other international equity funds ⁽³⁾							$	77							$	90
Other fixed income securities ⁽³⁾							315								311
Total							$	404							$	412

Schedule of Expected Benefit Payments [Table Text Block]

Estimated future plan benefit payments as of December 31, 2018 are as follows:



	Pension Benefits				Non-Pension Postretirement Benefits
Year	U.S. Plans		Non-U.S. Plans		U.S. Plans		Non-U.S. Plans
2019	$	18	$	13	$	—	$	1
2020	18		12		—		—
2021	18		13		—		—
2022	17		14		—		—
2023	16		15		—		1
2024-2028	73		99		—		3