Pension and Postretirement Expense Level 3 (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2017

Pension and Postretirement Expense [Abstract]

Schedule of Accumulated Benefit Obligations in Excess of Fair Value of Plan Assets [Table Text Block]

The following table presents the change in benefit obligation, change in plan assets and components of funded status for the Company’s defined benefit pension and non-pension postretirement benefit plans for the years ended December 31:



	Pension Benefits												Non-Pension Postretirement Benefits
	2017						2016						2017						2016
	U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans			U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans			U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans			U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans
Change in Benefit Obligation
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	242		$	548		$	249		$	492		$	6		$	10		$	7		$	9
Service cost	3			16			3			14			—			—			—			—
Interest cost	7			9			8			10			—			1			—			1
Actuarial losses (gains)	6			(6		)	5			57			(1		)	—			—			(1		)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes	—			77			—			(13		)	—			—			—			1
Benefits paid	(17		)	(11		)	(20		)	(10		)	—			—			(1		)	—
Reduction due to divestitures	—			—			—			(3		)	—			—			—			—
Plan amendments	—			2			—			—			—			—			—			—
Expenses paid from assets	(3		)	—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Employee contributions	—			1			—			1			—			—			—			—
Other	—			—			(3		)	—			—			—			—			—
Benefit obligation at end of year	$	238		$	636		$	242		$	548		$	5		$	11		$	6		$	10
Change in Plan Assets
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	$	207		$	349		$	210		$	316		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Actual return on plan assets	26			4			17			33			—			—			—			—
Foreign currency exchange rate changes	—			48			—			(10		)	—			—			—			—
Employer contributions	—			21			3			19			1			—			1			—
Benefits paid	(17		)	(11		)	(20		)	(10		)	(1		)	—			(1		)	—
Expenses paid from assets	(3		)	—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Employee contributions	—			1			—			1			—			—			—			—
Other	—			—			(3		)	—			—			—			—			—
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	213			412			207			349			—			—			—			—
Funded status of the plan at end of year	$	(25	)	$	(224	)	$	(35	)	$	(199	)	$	(5	)	$	(11	)	$	(6	)	$	(10	)

Amounts Recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet, Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income and Other [Table Text Block]



	Pension Benefits												Non-Pension Postretirement Benefits
	2017						2016						2017						2016
	U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans			U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans			U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans			U.S. Plans			Non-U.S. Plans
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31 consist of:
Noncurrent assets	$	—		$	1		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—
Other current liabilities	—			(5		)	—			(4		)	—			(1		)	—			—
Long-term pension and post employment benefit obligations	(25		)	(220		)	(35		)	(195		)	(5		)	(10		)	(6		)	(10		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	—			—			—			(3		)	(2		)	1			(2		)	2
Net amounts recognized	$	(25	)	$	(224	)	$	(35	)	$	(202	)	$	(7	)	$	(10	)	$	(8	)	$	(8	)
Amounts recognized in Accumulated other comprehensive income at December 31 consist of:
Net prior service cost (benefit)	$	1		$	(1	)	$	1		$	(4	)	$	—		$	2		$	(1	)	$	3
Deferred income taxes	(1		)	1			(1		)	1			(2		)	(1		)	(1		)	(1		)
Net amounts recognized	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	(3	)	$	(2	)	$	1		$	(2	)	$	2
Accumulated benefit obligation	$	238		$	587		$	242		$	504
Accumulated benefit obligation for funded plans	238			393			241			350
Pension plans with underfunded or non-funded accumulated benefit obligations at December 31:
Aggregate projected benefit obligation	$	238		$	615		$	242		$	173
Aggregate accumulated benefit obligation	238			567			242			164
Aggregate fair value of plan assets	213			391			207			9
Pension plans with projected benefit obligations in excess of plan assets at December 31:
Aggregate projected benefit obligation	$	238		$	615		$	242		$	548
Aggregate fair value of plan assets	213			391			207			349

Schedule of Changes in Projected Benefit Obligations [Table Text Block]

Following are the components of net pension and postretirement (benefit) expense recognized for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015:



	Pension Benefits
	U.S. Plans									Non-U.S. Plans
	2017			2016			2015			2017			2016			2015
Service cost	$	3		$	3		$	3		$	16		$	14		$	16
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation	7			8			10			9			10			12
Expected return on assets	(13		)	(14		)	(15		)	(11		)	(10		)	(13		)
Amortization of prior service cost (benefit)	—			1			—			(1		)	(1		)	—
Unrealized actuarial (gain) loss	(6		)	1			—			1			35			(16		)
Net (benefit) expense	$	(9	)	$	(1	)	$	(2	)	$	14		$	48		$	(1	)



	Non-Pension Postretirement Benefits
	U.S. Plans								Non-U.S. Plans
	2017			2016			2015		2017		2016			2015
Interest cost on projected benefit obligation	$	—		$	—		$	—	$	1	$	1		$	1
Amortization of prior service benefit	—			(1		)	—		—		—			—
Unrealized actuarial (gain) loss	(1		)	—			—		1		(1		)	(1		)
Net (benefit) expense	$	(1	)	$	(1	)	$	—	$	2	$	—		$	—

Schedule of Amounts Recognized in Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Table Text Block]

The following amounts were recognized in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” during the year ended December 31, 2017:



	Pension Benefits				Non-Pension Postretirement Benefits					Total
	U.S. Plans		Non-U.S. Plans		U.S. Plans		Non-U.S. Plans			U.S. Plans		Non-U.S. Plans
Prior service cost from plan amendments	$	—	$	2	$	—	$	—		$	—	$	2
Amortization of prior service cost (benefit)	—		1		—		(1		)	—		—
Loss (gain) recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax	$	—	$	3	$	—	$	(1	)	$	—	$	2

Schedule of Amounts in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) to be Recognized over Next Fiscal Year [Table Text Block]

The amounts in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” that are expected to be recognized as components of net periodic benefit cost (benefit) during the next fiscal year are less than $1.

Weighted Average Rates Used to Determine the Benefit Obligations [Table Text Block]

The weighted average rates used to determine the benefit obligations were as follows at December 31, 2017 and 2016:



	Pension Benefits								Non-Pension Postretirement Benefits
	2017				2016				2017				2016
	U.S. Plans		Non-U.S. Plans		U.S. Plans		Non-U.S. Plans		U.S. Plans		Non-U.S. Plans		U.S. Plans		Non-U.S. Plans
Discount rate	3.5	%	1.9	%	3.9	%	1.9	%	3.2	%	5.3	%	3.5	%	6.0	%
Rate of increase in future compensation levels	—		2.4	%	—		2.4	%	—		—		—		—
The weighted average assumed health care cost trend rates are as follows at December 31:
Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year	—		—		—		—		6.6	%	5.8	%	6.8	%	5.9	%
Rate to which the cost trend rate is assumed to decline (the ultimate trend rate)	—		—		—		—		4.5	%	4.5	%	4.5	%	4.5	%
Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate	—		—		—		—		2029		2023		2029		2030

Weighted Average Rates Used to Determine Net Periodic Pension Expense Benefit [Table Text Block]

The weighted average rates used to determine net periodic pension expense (benefit) were as follows for the years ended December 31, 2017, 2016 and 2015:



	Pension Benefits												Non-Pension Postretirement Benefits
	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans						U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans
	2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015		2017		2016		2015
Discount rate	3.9	%	4.1	%	3.7	%	1.9	%	2.3	%	2.2	%	3.5	%	3.4	%	3.4	%	6.0	%	5.5	%	6.1	%
Rate of increase in future compensation levels	—		—		—		2.4	%	2.4	%	3.0	%	—		—		—		—		—		—
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets	6.7	%	6.7	%	7.0	%	2.9	%	3.1	%	3.8	%	—		—		—		—		—		—

Schedule of Allocation of Plan Assets [Table Text Block]



	Actual				Target 2018
	2017		2016		Target 2018
Weighted average allocations of U.S. pension plan assets at December 31:
Equity securities	34	%	32	%	35	%
Debt securities	55	%	53	%	55	%
Cash, short-term investments and other	11	%	15	%	10	%
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%
Weighted average allocations of non-U.S. pension plan assets at December 31:
Equity securities	22	%	23	%	22	%
Debt securities	76	%	74	%	78	%
Cash, short-term investments and other	2	%	3	%	—	%
Total	100	%	100	%	100	%

Schedule of Fair Value of U.S. Pension Plan Investments [Table Text Block]

The following table presents U.S. pension plan investments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2017 and 2016:



	Fair Value Measurements Using
	2017								2016
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Unobserv-able Inputs (Level 3)		Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Unobserv-able Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Large cap equity funds ⁽¹⁾	$	—	$	38	$	—	$	38	$	—	$	35	$	—	$	35
Small/mid cap equity funds ⁽¹⁾	—		6		—		6		—		6		—		6
International equity funds ⁽¹⁾	—		30		—		30		—		25		—		25
Fixed income securities ⁽¹⁾	—		116		—		116		—		110		—		110
Cash equivalents ⁽²⁾	—		6		—		6		—		4		—		4
	$	—	$	196	$	—	$	196	$	—	$	180	$	—	$	180
Investments measured at fair value using net asset value as a practical expedient:
Investment receivable ⁽³⁾							$	—							$	12
Other funds ⁽⁴⁾							17								15
Total							$	213							$	207

Schedule of Fair Value of non-U.S. Pension Plan Investments [Table Text Block]

The following table presents non-U.S. pension plan investments measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2017 and 2016:



	Fair Value Measurements Using
	2017								2016
	Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Unobserv-able Inputs (Level 3)		Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Unobserv-able Inputs (Level 3)		Total
Pooled insurance products with fixed income guarantee ⁽¹⁾	$	—	$	11	$	—	$	11	$	—	$	9	$	—	$	9
	$	—	$	11	$	—	$	11	$	—	$	9	$	—	$	9
Investments measured at fair value using net asset value as a practical expedient:
Other international equity funds ⁽⁴⁾							$	90							$	82
Other fixed income securities ⁽⁴⁾							311								258
Total							$	412							$	349

Schedule of Expected Benefit Payments [Table Text Block]

Estimated future plan benefit payments as of December 31, 2017 are as follows:



	Pension Benefits				Non-Pension Postretirement Benefits
Year	U.S. Plans		Non-U.S. Plans		U.S. Plans		Non-U.S. Plans
2018	$	19	$	12	$	1	$	1
2019	18		13		1		—
2020	18		12		1		—
2021	17		14		1		—
2022	16		15		1		—
2023-2027	75		97		2		2