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Segment Information
 12 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Segment Reporting [Abstract]  
Segment Information Segment Information
Based on the nature of its products and services, the Company classifies its business interests into two fundamental operations: Recorded Music and Music Publishing, which also represent the reportable segments of the Company. Information as to each of these operations is set forth below. The Company evaluates performance based on several factors, of which the primary financial measure is operating income (loss) before non-cash depreciation of tangible assets and non-cash amortization of intangible assets adjusted to exclude the impact of non-cash stock-based compensation and other related expenses and certain items that affect comparability including but not limited to gains or losses on divestitures and expenses related to restructuring and transformation initiatives, which includes costs associated with the Company’s financial transformation initiative to design and implement new information technology and upgrade our finance infrastructure (“Adjusted OIBDA”). Items excluded are not viewed to contribute directly to management’s evaluation of operating results.

    During the three months ended December 31, 2023, the Company changed the measure used to evaluate segment profitability from OIBDA to Adjusted OIBDA which is consistent with how the Company's CODM evaluates the results of operations and makes strategic decisions about the business. For these reasons, the Company believes that Adjusted OIBDA represents the most relevant measure of segment profit and loss. All disclosures relating to segment profitability, including those for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, have been revised as a result of this change.
The accounting policies of the Company’s business segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies included elsewhere herein. The Company accounts for intersegment sales at fair value as if the sales were to third parties. While intercompany transactions are treated like third-party transactions to determine segment performance, the revenues (and corresponding expenses recognized by the segment that is counterparty to the transaction) are eliminated in consolidation, and therefore, do not themselves impact consolidated results.
Recorded
Music		Music
Publishing		Corporate
expenses and
eliminations		Total
(in millions)
2024
Revenues$5,223 $1,210 $(7)$6,426 
Adjusted OIBDA
1,282 330 (180)1,432 
Total assets4,945 3,017 1,193 9,155 
Capital expenditures28 1 87 116 
2023
Revenues$4,955 $1,088 $(6)$6,037 
Adjusted OIBDA
1,093 296 (154)1,235 
Total assets4,677 2,781 1,087 8,545 
Capital expenditures39 1 87 127 
2022
Revenues$4,966 $958 $(5)$5,919 
Adjusted OIBDA
1,046 233 (130)1,149 
Capital expenditures52 1 82 135 
Adjusted OIBDA is not a measure defined by U.S. GAAP but is computed using amounts that are determined in accordance with U.S. GAAP. A reconciliation of the Company’s Adjusted OIBDA to operating income is presented below.
For the year ended September 30,
202420232022
Operating income$823 $790 $714 
Amortization expense224 245 263 
Depreciation expense103 87 76 
Restructuring and impairments177 42 8 
Transformation initiative costs76 53 46 
Executive transition costs— 7 — 
Net gain on divestitures(32)(41)— 
Non-cash stock-based compensation and other related costs61 52 42 
Adjusted OIBDA$1,432 $1,235 $1,149 
Revenues relating to operations in different geographical areas are set forth below for the fiscal years ended September 30, 2024, September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022. Total long-lived assets relating to operations in different geographical areas, which consist of property, plant and equipment, net and operating lease right-of-use assets, net, are set forth below as of September 30, 2024 and September 30, 2023.
202420232022
RevenuesLong-lived AssetsRevenuesLong-lived AssetsRevenues
(in millions)
United States$2,870 $460 $2,766 $473 $2,744 
United Kingdom774 39 726 39 734 
Germany513 99 535 98 613 
All other territories2,269 108 2,010 93 1,828 
Total$6,426 $706 $6,037 $703 $5,919 
Customer Concentration
In the fiscal year ended September 30, 2024, the Company had three customers, Spotify, YouTube and Apple, that individually represented 10% or more of total revenues, whereby Spotify AB represented 18%, YouTube represented 12% and Apple represented 11% of total revenues. In the fiscal year ended September 30, 2023, the Company had three customers, Spotify, YouTube, and Apple, that individually represented 10% or more of total revenues, whereby Spotify represented 18%, YouTube represented 12%
and Apple represented 11% of total revenues. In the fiscal year ended September 30, 2022, the Company had three customers, Spotify, YouTube and Apple that individually represented 10% or more of total revenues, whereby Spotify represented 17%, YouTube represented 12% and Apple represented 11% of total revenues. These customers’ revenues are included in both the Company’s Recorded Music and Music Publishing segments and the Company expects that the Company’s license agreements with these customers will be renewed in the normal course of business.