10-Q

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒  Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018

or

☐  Transition Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from ______to______

Commission file number 001-33997

KANDI TECHNOLOGIES GROUP, INC. 
(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)

Delaware	90-0363723
(State or other jurisdiction of	(I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization)	Identification No.)

Jinhua City Industrial Zone
Jinhua, Zhejiang Province
People’s Republic of China
Post Code 321016

(Address of principal executive offices)

(86 - 579) 82239856
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files)  Yes ☒    No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Large accelerated filer ☐	Accelerated filer ☒
Non-accelerated filer ☐	Smaller reporting company ☒
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act.  ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ☐    No ☒

As of November 6, 2018, the registrant had 55,989,502 shares of common stock issued and 51,481,944 shares of common stock outstanding, par value $0.001 per share. 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

		Page
PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1.	Financial Statements	1
	Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2018 (unaudited) and December 31, 2017	1
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income (Loss) (unaudited) – Three Months and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017	2
	Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited) –Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017	3
Item 2.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	46
Item 3.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	64
Item 4.	Controls and Procedures	64
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1.	Legal proceedings	65
Item 1A.	Risk Factors	65
Item 6.	Exhibits	65

i

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements.

KANDI TECHNOLOGIES GROUP, INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
	(Unaudited)
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	1,342,085		$	4,891,808
Restricted cash		9,104,584			11,218,688
Accounts receivable (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $319,421 and $133,930 as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively)		40,111,173			34,397,858
Inventories (net of provision for slow moving inventory of $662,769 and $620,919 as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively)		15,676,683			15,979,794
Notes receivable		72,817			-
Notes receivable from JV Company and related party		2,184,519			1,137,289
Other receivables		1,233,460			2,650,668
Prepayments and prepaid expense		6,662,684			6,536,839
Due from employees		6,668			7,070
Advances to suppliers		8,794,653			14,908,385
Amount due from JV Company, net		77,386,193			146,422,440
Amount due from related party		-			162,048
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS		162,575,519			238,312,887
LONG-TERM ASSETS
Property, Plant and Equipment, net		83,664,992			12,000,971
Land use rights, net		11,848,966			12,666,047
Construction in progress		-			53,083,925
Deferred taxes assets		3,294,885			4,383,425
Long Term Investment		-			1,460,034
Investment in JV Company		146,272,731			70,681,013
Goodwill		28,583,528			322,591
Intangible assets		4,491,080			331,116
Advances to suppliers		-			21,592,918
Other long term assets		6,168,533			7,590,734
Amount due from JV Company, net		-			15,907,183
TOTAL Long-Term Assets		284,324,715			200,019,957
TOTAL ASSETS	$	446,900,234		$	438,332,844
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payables	$	111,376,786		$	111,595,540
Other payables and accrued expenses		6,065,379			6,556,209
Short-term loans		30,583,267			33,042,864
Customer deposits		214,079			205,544
Notes payable		24,663,846			28,075,945
Income tax payable		471,184			2,902,699
Due to employees		34,070			35,041
Deferred income		1,353,819			2,191,143
Total Current Liabilities		174,762,430			184,604,985
LONG-TERM LIABILITIES
Long term bank loans		28,981,286			30,737,547
Contingent liability		12,204,964			-
Other long-term liability		681,768			-
Total Long-Term Liabilities		41,868,018			30,737,547
TOTAL LIABILITIES		216,630,448			215,342,532
STOCKHOLDER’S EQUITY
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 55,989,502 and 48,036,538 shares issued and 51,481,944 and 48,036,538 outstanding at September 30, 2018 and December 31,2017, respectively		51,482			48,037
Additional paid-in capital		254,980,909			233,055,348
Retained earnings (the restricted portion is $4,422,033 and $4,422,033 at September 30,2018 and December 31,2017, respectively)		(5,221,190	)		(3,802,310	)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss		(19,541,415	)		(6,310,763	)
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY		230,269,786			222,990,312
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY	$	446,900,234		$	438,332,844

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

1

KANDI TECHNOLOGIES GROUP, INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (LOSS) AND
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(UNAUDITED)

	Three Months Ended						Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2017			September 30, 2018			September 30, 2017
REVENUES FROM UNRELATED PARTY, NET	$	14,860,034		$	6,604,109		$	32,211,352		$	10,720,595
REVENUES FROM JV COMPANY AND RELATED PARTY, NET		23,135,326			21,749,790			30,479,521			49,233,156
REVENUES, NET		37,995,360			28,353,899			62,690,873			59,953,751
COST OF GOODS SOLD		(31,753,311	)		(23,522,406	)		(53,044,861	)		(50,697,990	)
GROSS PROFIT		6,242,049			4,831,493			9,646,012			9,255,761
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Research and development		(5,691,649	)		(657,851	)		(7,091,836	)		(26,569,624	)
Selling and marketing		(898,896	)		(216,351	)		(1,875,294	)		(976,913	)
General and administrative		(2,070,947	)		(2,196,201	)		(5,534,039	)		(12,074,147	)
Total Operating Expenses		(8,661,492	)		(3,070,403	)		(14,501,169	)		(39,620,684	)
(LOSS) INCOME FROM OPERATIONS		(2,419,443	)		1,761,090			(4,855,157	)		(30,364,923	)
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE):
Interest income		52,745			619,923			1,452,522			1,709,990
Interest expense		(483,376	)		(598,523	)		(1,505,409	)		(1,761,786	)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		(1,552,686	)		-			1,814,326			-
Government grants		607,008			474,950			717,821			5,804,561
Share of (loss) income after tax of JV		(3,247,343	)		444,181			(79,592	)		(13,455,786	)
Other income (expense), net		15,735			(6,560	)		666,294			143,617
Total other (expense) income, net		(4,607,917	)		933,971			3,065,962			(7,559,404	)
(LOSS) INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES		(7,027,360	)		2,695,061			(1,789,195	)		(37,924,327	)
INCOME TAX BENEFIT (EXPENSE)		505,961			(776,985	)		370,316			4,130,951
NET (LOSS) INCOME		(6,521,399	)		1,918,076			(1,418,879	)		(33,793,376	)
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME
Foreign currency translation		(8,108,270	)		4,032,652			(13,230,652	)		8,942,931
COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME	$	(14,629,669	)	$	5,950,728		$	(14,649,531	)	$	(24,850,445	)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING BASIC		51,474,048			48,028,467			51,089,047			47,913,028
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING DILUTED		51,474,048			48,028,467			51,089,047			47,913,028
NET (LOSS) INCOME PER SHARE, BASIC	$	(0.13	)	$	0.04		$	(0.03	)	$	(0.71	)
NET (LOSS) INCOME PER SHARE, DILUTED	$	(0.13	)	$	0.04		$	(0.03	)	$	(0.71	)

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

2

KANDI TECHNOLOGIES GROUP, INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(UNAUDITED)

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2017
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net (loss)	$	(1,418,879	)	$	(33,793,376	)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization		2,271,599			3,556,661
Assets impairments		78,415			136,936
Allowance for doubtful accounts		(7,093	)		-
Deferred taxes		-			(5,596,103	)
Share of income after tax of JV Company		79,592			13,455,786
Reserve for fixed assets		(53,561	)		-
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		(1,814,326	)		-
Stock compensation cost		253,934			5,498,183
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisition:
(Increase) Decrease In:
Accounts receivable		(52,845,923	)		(8,926,990	)
Deferred taxes assets		(52,126	)		-
Notes receivable		491,272			-
Notes receivable from JV Company and related party		3,196,340			4,923,967
Inventories		1,555,993			(2,814,129	)
Other receivables and other assets		1,497,230			754,661
Due from employee		945			(10,766	)
Advances to supplier and prepayments and prepaid expenses		(4,590,404	)		23,878,150
Advances to suppliers-long term		-			(4,804,200	)
Amount due from JV Company		(81,549,214	)		(33,071,177	)
Amount due from JV Company-long-term		15,907,183			(15,907,183	)
Due from related party		161,874			4,406,105
Increase (Decrease) In:
Accounts payable		101,684,965			53,102,716
Other payables and accrued liabilities		29,845,307			2,173,413
Notes payable		(12,434,813	)		(3,933,839	)
Customer deposits		20,350			80,057
Income tax payable		(2,353,826	)		732,405
Deferred income		(761,643	)		(5,127,455	)
Loss contingency-litigation		-			587,579
Net cash used in operating activities	$	(836,809	)	$	(698,599	)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment, net	$	(304,745	)	$	(420,037	)
Purchases of land use rights and other intangible assets		(105,480	)		-
Acquisition of Jinhua An Kao (net of cash received)		(3,610,846	)		-
Acquisition of SC Autosports (net of cash received)		486,954			-
Purchases of construction in progress		(425,241	)		(1,565,244	)
Reimbursement of capitalize interests for construction in progress		1,818,390			-
Long Term Investment		1,458,464			-
Short term investment		-			4,553,734
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	$	(682,504	)	$	2,568,453
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from short-term bank loans	$	25,515,452		$	24,854,574
Repayments of short-term bank loans		(26,283,065	)		(27,939,362	)
Repayments of long-term bank loans		(153,523	)		-
Proceeds from notes payable		40,313,800			13,367,413
Repayment of notes payable		(43,024,633	)		(14,060,961	)
Net cash used in financing activities	$	(3,631,969	)	$	(3,778,336	)
NET (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH	$	(5,151,282	)	$	(1,908,482	)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	$	(512,545	)	$	1,011,615
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR	$	16,110,496		$	25,193,298
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT END OF PERIOD	$	10,446,669		$	24,296,431
SUPPLEMENTARY CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Income taxes paid	$	1,981,072		$	1,072,082
Interest paid	$	1,274,399		$	1,164,774
SUPPLEMENTAL NON-CASH DISCLOSURES:
Construction in progress transferred to property, plant and equipment	$	75,266,352		$	-
Long term and short term advances to suppliers transferred to construction in progress	$	31,786,196		$	12,241,736
Settlement of due from JV Company and related parties with notes receivable	$	62,549,758		$	39,197,964
Settlement of accounts receivables with notes receivable from unrelated parties	$	49,620,953		$	1,150,038
Settlement of other receivables with notes receivable from unrelated parties	$	930,347		$	-
Assignment of notes receivable from unrelated parties to supplier to settle accounts payable	$	20,126,196		$	1,150,038
Assignment of notes receivable from JV Company and related parties to supplier to settle accounts payable	$	57,956,363		$	33,175,103
Assignment of notes receivable from unrelated parties to supplier to settle other payable	$	29,857,070		$	-
Assignment of notes receivable from JV Company and related parties to supplier to settle other payable	$	230,284		$	-
Settlement of accounts payable with notes payables	$	23,846,161		$	15,149,150
Acquisition of Jinhua An Kao by stock	$	20,718,859		$	-
Acquisition of SC by stock	$	756,664		$	-
Cancellation of notes payables	$	10,746,580		$	-
Amount due from JV Company converted to investment in JV Company	$	83,669,804		$	-
Adjustment of construction in progress with accounts payable	$	8,153,573		$	-
Adjustment of advance to supplier with accounts payable	$	479,575		$	-
Deferred tax changed to other comprehensive income	$	-		$	52,266
Adjustment of Construction in progress	$	-		$	1,057,152
Purchase of construction in progress in accounts payable	$	-		$	6,244,120

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements

3

NOTE 1 - ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

Kandi Technologies Group, Inc. (“Kandi Technologies”) was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on March 31, 2004 as Stone Mountain Resources, Inc. It changed its name to Kandi Technologies, Corp. on August 13, 2007, and on December 21, 2012, it further changed its name to its current name. As used herein, the term the “Company” means Kandi Technologies and its operating subsidiaries, as described below.

Headquartered in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China, the Company is one of the People’s Republic of China’s (“China”) leading producers and manufacturers of electric vehicle (“EV”) products, EV parts, and off-road vehicles for sale in China and global markets. The Company conducts its primary business operations through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Zhejiang Kandi Vehicles Co., Ltd. (“Kandi Vehicles”) and Sportsman Country, LLC (“Sportsman Country”) which changed its name to SC Autosports LLC (“SC Autosports”) in August 2018, and the partially and wholly-owned subsidiaries of Kandi Vehicles.

The Company’s organizational chart as of November 6, 2018 is as follows:

4

Operating Subsidiaries:

Pursuant to the agreements executed in January 2011, Kandi Vehicles is entitled to 100% of the economic benefits, voting rights and residual interests (100% of profits and losses) of Jinhua Kandi New Energy Vehicles Co., Ltd. (“Kandi New Energy”). Kandi New Energy currently holds battery pack production licensing rights and supplies battery packs to the JV Company (as such term is defined below).

In April 2012, pursuant to an agreement with the shareholders of YongkangScrou Electric Co, Ltd. (“YongkangScrou”), the Company acquired 100% of YongkangScrou, a manufacturer of automobile and EV parts. YongkangScrou currently manufactures and sells EV drive motors, EV controllers, air conditioners and other electric products to the JV Company.

In March 2013, pursuant to a joint venture agreement (the “JV Agreement”) entered into by Kandi Vehicles and Shanghai Maple Guorun Automobile Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Guorun”), a 99%-owned subsidiary of Geely Automobile Holdings Ltd. (“Geely”), the parties established Zhejiang Kandi Electric Vehicles Co., Ltd. (the “JV Company”) to develop, manufacture and sell EV products and related auto parts. Each of Kandi Vehicles and Shanghai Guorun has 50% ownership interest in the JV Company. In March 2014, the JV Company changed its name to Kandi Electric Vehicles Group Co., Ltd. At present, the JV Company is a holding company and all products are manufactured by its subsidiaries. In an effort to improve the JV Company’s development, Zhejiang Geely Holding Group, the parent company of Geely, became a JV Company shareholder on October 26, 2016, through its purchase of the 50% equity of the JV Company held by Shanghai Guorun at a premium price (a price exceeding the cash amount of the aggregate of the original investment and the shared profits over the years). On May 19, 2017, due to business development, Zhejiang Geely Holding Group, Ltd. (Geely Holding) transferred its equity in the JV Company to Geely Group (Ningbo) Ltd., a company wholly owned by Mr. Li Shufu, Chairman of the Board of Geely Holding. On May 23, 2018, in order to obtain the manufacturing license, according to the recent notice (FGBCY[2018] No.547) from the National Development and Reform Commission in China, the JV Company increased its registered capital by RMB 1.09 billion (approximately $165 million), of which Kandi Vehicle increased its capital contribution to the JV Company by converting its RMB 545 million (approximately $79 million) loans to the JV Company to registered capital in the JV Company. Geely Group, Ltd. (“Geely Group”) became a new shareholder of the JV Company by investing RMB 545 million (approximately $79million). After this restructure, Kandi Vehicles, Geely Group and Geely Group (Ningbo) Ltd., each own 50%, 26.08%, and 23.92% of equity in the JV Company, respectively.

In March 2013, Kandi Vehicles formed Kandi Electric Vehicles (Changxing) Co., Ltd. (“KandiChangxing”) in the Changxing (National) Economic and Technological Development Zone. KandiChangxing is engaged in the production of EV products. In the fourth quarter of 2013, Kandi Vehicles entered into an ownership transfer agreement with the JV Company pursuant to which Kandi Vehicles transferred 100% of its ownership in KandiChangxing to the JV Company. The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in KandiChangxing.

In July 2013, Zhejiang ZuoZhongYou Electric Vehicle Service Co., Ltd. (the “Service Company”) was formed. The Service Company is engaged in various pure EV leasing businesses, generally referred to as the Micro Public Transportation (“MPT”) and other EV share programs. Kandi Vehicle had a 9.5% ownership interest in the Service Company. After various tests and thorough assessments in the last five years, the Company determined that a large sum of capital still needs to be invested in order to increase the size of EV share programs. After considering Geely Group’s ability to grow the Service Company’s business to be stronger and more expansive and a successful growth of the Service Company would have positive impact on the development of the JV Company’s business, Kandi Vehicle transferred its 9.5% of ownership interest in the Service Company to Geely Group in June 2018.

5

In November 2013, Kandi Electric Vehicles Jinhua Co., Ltd. (“Kandi Jinhua”) was formed by the JV Company. The JV Company has a 100% ownership interest in Kandi Jinhua, and the Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Kandi Jinhua. In April 2017, Kandi Jinhua was reorganized to be owned directly by Kandi Jiangsu, which is 100% directly owned by the JV Company.

In November 2013, Zhejiang Ji He Kang Electric Vehicle Sales Co., Ltd. (“Ji He Kang”) was formed by the JV Company. JiHeKang is engaged in the car sales business. The JV Company has a 100% ownership interest in JiHeKang, and the Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in JiHeKang. In April 2017, JiHeKang was reorganized to be owned directly by Kandi Jiangsu, which is 100% directly owned by the JV Company.

In December 2013, the JV Company entered into an ownership transfer agreement with Shanghai Guorun, pursuant to which the JV Company acquired a 100% ownership interest in Kandi Electric Vehicles (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (“Kandi Shanghai”). As a result, Kandi Shanghai is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company, and the Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Kandi Shanghai.

In January 2014, KandiElectric Vehicles Jiangsu Co., Ltd. (“Kandi Jiangsu”) was formed by the JV Company. The JV Company has a 100% ownership interest in Kandi Jiangsu, and the Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Kandi Jiangsu. Kandi Jiangsu is mainly engaged in EV research and development, manufacturing, and sales. As of the date of this report, Kandi Jiangsu directly owns 100% of JiHeKang, JiHeKang Service Company, Liuchuang and KandiJinhua.

In November 2015, Hangzhou Puma Investment Management Co., Ltd. (“Puma Investment”) was formed by the JV Company. Puma Investment provides investment and consulting services. The JV Company has a 50% ownership interest in Puma Investment (the other 50% is owned by Zuozhongyou Electric Vehicles Service (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of the Service Company), and the Company, indirectly through the JV Company, has a 25% economic interest in Puma Investment.

In November 2015, Hangzhou JiHeKang Electric Vehicle Service Co., Ltd. (the “JiHeKang Service Company”) was formed by the JV Company. The JiHeKang Service Company focuses on after-market services for EV products. In April 2017, JiHeKang Service Company was reorganized to be owned directly by Kandi Jiangsu, which is 100% directly owned by the JV Company. The JV Company has a 100% ownership interest in the JiHeKang Service Company, and the Company, indirectly through the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in the JiHeKang Service Company.

In December 2015, Zhejiang JiHeKang Electric Vehicle Sales Co., Ltd. Tianjin Branch (“JiHeKang Tianjin”) was formed by JiHeKang. JiHeKang Tianjin was engaged in the car sales business. JiHeKang Tianjin was dissolved in September 2018.

In January 2016, Kandi Electric Vehicles (Wanning) Co., Ltd. was renamed Kandi Electric Vehicles (Hainan) Co., Ltd. (“Kandi Hainan”). Kandi Hainan was originally formed in Wanning City in Hainan Province by Kandi Vehicles and Kandi New Energy in April 2013, and was transferred to Haikou City in January 2016. Kandi Vehicles has a 90% ownership interest in Kandi Hainan, and Kandi New Energy has the remaining 10% ownership interest. In fact, Kandi Vehicles is, effectively, entitled to 100% of the economic benefits, voting rights and residual interests (100% of the profits and losses) of Kandi Hainan as Kandi Vehicles is entitled to 100% of the economic benefits, voting rights and residual interests of Kandi New Energy.

6

In August 2016, Jiangsu JiDian Electric Vehicle Sales Co., Ltd. (“Jiangsu JiDian”) was formed by JiHeKang. Jiangsu JiDian is engaged in the car sales business. Since JiHeKang is 100% owned by the JV Company, the JV Company has a 100% ownership interest in Jiangsu JiDian, and the Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Jiangsu JiDian.

In October 2016, JiHeKang acquired Tianjin BoHaiWan Vehicle Sales Co., Ltd. (“Tianjin BoHaiWan”), which is engaged in the car sales business. Since JiHeKang is 100% owned by the JV Company, the JV Company has a 100% ownership interest in Tianjin BoHaiWan, and the Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Tianjin BoHaiWan.

In November 2016, Changxing Kandi Vehicle Maintenance Co., Ltd. (“Changxing Maintenance”) was formed by Kandi Changxing. Changxing Maintenance is engaged in the car repair and maintenance business. In December 2017, the Service Company entered into an agreement with the JV Company to acquire 100% of Changxing Maintenance for RMB 1,089,887 or approximately $167,501. The transaction was completed in April 2018. 

In November 2016, Guangdong JiHeKang Electric Vehicle Sales Co., Ltd. (“Guangdong JiHeKang”) was formed by JiHeKang. Guangdong JiHeKang is engaged in the car sales business. Since JiHeKang is 100% owned by the JV Company, the JV Company has a 100% ownership interest in Guangdong JiHeKang, and the Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Guangdong JiHeKang.

In March 2017, Hangzhou Liuchuang Electric Vehicle Technology Co., Ltd. (“Liuchuang”) was formed by Kandi Jiangsu. Since Kandi Jiangsu is 100% owned by the JV Company, the JV Company has a 100% ownership interest in Liuchuang, and the Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Liuchuang.

In April 2017, in order to promote business development, KandiJinhua, JiHeKang, and the JiHeKang Service Company were reorganized to become subsidiaries of Kandi Jiangsu. As the JV Company has a 100% ownership interest in Kandi Jiangsu, the JV Company has 100% ownership interests in KandiJinhua, JiHeKang, and the JiHeKang Service Company; the Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Kandi Jinhua, JiHeKang, and the JiHeKang Service Company.

In December 2017, Zhejiang Chang Dian Technology Co., Ltd. (“Zhejiang Chang Dian”) was formed by the JV Company. Zhejiang Chang Dian is primarily engaged in the battery replacement business. Since Zhejiang Chang Dian is 100% owned by the JV Company, and the Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Zhejiang Chang Dian.

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In December 2017, Kandi Vehicles and the sole shareholder of Jinhua An Kao Power Technology Co., Ltd. (“Jinhua An Kao”) entered into a Share Transfer Agreement and a Supplementary Agreement, pursuant to which Kandi Vehicles acquired Jinhua An Kao. The two agreements were signed on December 12, 2017 and the closing took place on January 3, 2018. Kandi Vehicles acquired 100% of the equity interests of Jinhua An Kao for a purchase price of approximately RMB 25.93 million (approximately $3.9 million) in cash. In addition, pursuant to the Supplementary Agreement, the Company issued a total of 2,959,837 shares of restrictive stock, or 6.2% of the Company’s total outstanding shares of the common stock to the shareholder of Jinhua An Kao. An additional 2,959,837 shares were placed as make good shares for the undertaking of Jinhua An Kao to achieve no less than a total of RMB 120,000,000 (approximately $18.1 million) net income over the course of the following three years. The Supplementary Agreement set forth the terms and conditions of the issuance of these shares, including that the Company will have the voting rights of the make good shares until conditions for vesting those shares are satisfied.

In March 2018, Jiangsu Gu Xiang New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. (“Jiangsu Gu Xiang”) was formed by Zhejiang Chang Dian. Jiangsu Gu Xiang is primarily engaged in technical research, development, services and consultation of new energy vehicles, battery replacement and maintenance, and other business.

In April 2018, Zhejiang Chang Dian Technology Co., Ltd. Hangzhou Tonglu Branch (“Chang Dian Tonglu”) was formed by Zhejiang Chang Dian. Chang Dian Tonglu is primarily engaged in the battery replacement business.

In April 2018, Zhejiang Chang Dian Technology Co., Ltd. Changxing Branch (“Chang Dian Changxing”) was formed by Zhejiang Chang Dian. Chang Dian Changxing is primarily engaged in the battery replacement business.

On May 31, 2018, the Company entered into a Membership Interests Transfer Agreement (the “Transfer Agreement”) with the two members of Sportsman Country, LLC (“Sportsman Country”) under which the Company acquired 100% of the ownership of Sportsman Country. Sportsman Country is a Dallas based sales company primarily engaged in the wholesale of off-road vehicle products, with a small percentage of business in off-road vehicle parts wholesale and retail. According to the terms of the Transfer Agreement, the Company transferred $10.0 million worth of restricted shares to acquire 100% membership interests in Sportsman Country, of which the Company was required to issue $1.0 million worth of corresponding restricted shares within 30 days from the signing date of the Transfer Agreement, and the remaining $9.0 million worth of corresponding restricted shares to be released from escrow based on Sportsman Country’s pre-tax profit performance over the course of the following three years. The transaction closed in July 2018.In August 2018, Sportsman Country changed its name to SC Autosports LLC (“SC Autosports”).

The Company’s primary business operations are designing, developing, manufacturing and commercializing EV products, EV parts and off-road vehicles. As part of its strategic objective of becoming a leading manufacturer of EV products (through the JV Company) and related services, the Company has increased its focus on pure EV-related products, and is actively pursuing expansion in the China market and international market.

NOTE 2 - LIQUIDITY

The Company had a working capital deficit of $12,186,911 as of September 30, 2018, a decrease of $65,894,813 from a working capital surplus of $53,707,902 as of December 31, 2017.

As of September 30, 2018, the Company had credit lines available from commercial banks of $30,583,267. Although the Company expects that most of its outstanding trade receivables from customers will be collected in the next twelve months, there are uncertainties about the timing in collecting these receivables, especially the receivables due from the JV Company, because most of them are indirectly impacted by the progress of the receipt of government subsidies. Since the amount due from the JV Company accounts for the majority of the Company’s outstanding receivables, and since the Company cannot control the timing of the receipt of government subsidies, the Company believes that its internally-generated cash flows may not be sufficient to support the growth of future operations and to repay short-term bank loans for the next twelve months. However, the Company believes its access to existing financing sources and its good credit will enable it to meet its obligations and fund its ongoing operations for the next twelve months. The Company expects to approximately maintain the current debt level for the next twelve months given the Company’s current financial position and business development needs.

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The Company’s primary need for liquidity is to fund working capital requirements of the Company’s businesses, capital expenditures and for general operational purposes, including debt repayment. The Company has incurred losses and experienced negative operating cash flows for the past two years, and accordingly, the Company has taken a number of actions to continue to support its operations and meet its obligations. The Company has historically financed its operations through short-term commercial bank loans from Chinese banks. The term of these loans is typically for one year, and upon the payment of all outstanding principal and interest on a particular loan, the banks have typically rolled over the loan for an additional one-year term, with adjustments made to the interest rate to reflect prevailing market rates. This practice has been ongoing and the Company believes that short-term bank loans will remain available on normal trade terms if needed. For the remainder of 2018, the management will take measures to grow the business and further improve the Company’s liquidity. The Company acknowledges that it continues to face a challenging competitive environment and expects to take actions that will enhance the Company’s liquidity and financial flexibility to support the Company’s operation needs.

We finance our ongoing operating activities by using funds from our operations and external credit or financing arrangements. We routinely monitor current and expected operational requirements and financial market conditions to evaluate the use of available financing sources. Considering our existing working capital position and our ability to access debt funding sources, we believe that our operations and borrowing resources are sufficient to provide for our current and foreseeable capital requirements to support our ongoing operations for the next twelve months.

NOTE 3 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The Company maintains its general ledger and journals using the accrual method of accounting for financial reporting purposes. The Company’s financial statements and notes are the representations of the Company’s management. Accounting policies adopted by the Company conform to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States and have been consistently applied in the Company’s presentation of its financial statements.

NOTE 4 - PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION

The Company’s consolidated financial statements reflect the accounts of the Company and its ownership interests in the following subsidiaries:

(1)	Continental Development Limited (“Continental”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company incorporated under the laws of Hong Kong;
(2)	Kandi Vehicles, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Continental;

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(3)	Kandi New Energy, a 50%-owned subsidiary of Kandi Vehicles (Mr. Hu Xiaoming owns the other 50%). Pursuant to agreements executed in January 2011, Mr. Hu Xiaoming contracted with Kandi Vehicles for the operation and management of Kandi New Energy and put his shares of Kandi New Energy into escrow. As a result, Kandi Vehicles is entitled to 100% of the economic benefits, voting rights and residual interests of Kandi New Energy;
(4)	YongkangScrou, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Kandi Vehicles;
(5)	Kandi Hainan, a subsidiary, 10% owned by Kandi New Energy and 90% owned by Kandi Vehicles; and
(6)	Jinhua An Kao, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Kandi Vehicles.
(7)	SC Autosports, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.

Equity Method Investees

The Company’s consolidated net income also includes the Company’s proportionate share of the net income or loss of its equity method investees as follows:

(1)	The JV Company, a 50% owned subsidiary of Kandi Vehicles;
(2)	KandiChangxing, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company. The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in KandiChangxing;
(3)	KandiJinhua, a wholly-owned direct subsidiary of Kandi Jiangsu, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company. The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in KandiJinhua;
(4)	JiHeKang, a wholly-owned direct subsidiary of Kandi Jiangsu, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company. The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in JiHeKang;
(5)	Kandi Shanghai, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company. The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Kandi Shanghai;
(6)	Kandi Jiangsu, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company. The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Kandi Jiangsu;
(7)	The JiHeKang Service Company, a wholly-owned direct subsidiary of Kandi Jiangsu, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company. The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in the JiHeKang Service Company.

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(8)	Tianjin BoHaiWan, a wholly-owned direct subsidiary of JiHeKang, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company. The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Tianjin BoHaiWan;
(9)	Liuchuang, a wholly-owned direct subsidiary of Kandi Jiangsu, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company. The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Liuchuang;
(10)	Jiangsu JiDian, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company. The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Jiangsu JiDian;
(11)	JiHeKang Tianjin, a wholly-owned direct subsidiary of Kandi Jiangsu, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company. The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in JiHeKang Tianjin;
(12)	Guangdong JiHeKang, a wholly-owned direct subsidiary of JiHeKang, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company. The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Guangdong JiHeKang; and
(13)	Zhejiang Chang Dian, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company. The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Zhejiang Chang Dian.
(14)	Chang Dian Tonglu, branch of Zhejiang Chang Dian, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company. The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Chang Dian Tonglu.
(15)	Chang Dian Changxing, a branch of Zhejiang Chang Dian, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company. The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Chang Dian Changxing.
(16)	Jiangsu Gu Xiang, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Zhejiang Chang Dian, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company.The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Jiangsu Gu Xiang.

All intra-entity profits and losses with regard to the Company’s equity method investees have been eliminated.

NOTE 5 - USE OF ESTIMATES

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Management makes these estimates using the best information available at the time the estimates are made; however actual results when ultimately realized could differ from those estimates.

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NOTE 6 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

(a) Economic and Political Risks

The Company’s operations are conducted in China. As a result, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic and legal environments in China, and by the general state of the Chinese economy. In addition, the Company’s earnings are subject to movements in foreign currency exchange rates when transactions are denominated in Renminbi (“RMB”), which is the Company’s functional currency. Accordingly, the Company’s operating results are affected by changes in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the RMB.

The Company’s operations in China are subject to special considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in North America and Western Europe. These include risks associated with, among others, the political, economic and legal environment and foreign currency exchange restrictions. The Company’s performance may be adversely affected by changes in the political and social conditions in China, and by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion, remittances abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things.

(b) Fair Value of Financial Instruments

ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three levels based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market.

These tiers include:

Level 1—defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

Level 2—defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and

Level 3—defined as unobservable inputs for which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

The Company’s financial instruments primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, notes receivable, other receivables, accounts payable, other payables and accrued liabilities, short-term bank loans, notes payable, and warrants.

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, notes receivable, other receivables, accounts payable, other payables and accrued liabilities, and notes payable approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these items. The estimated fair values of short-term bank loans were not materially different from their carrying value as presented due to the brief maturities and because the interest rates on these borrowings approximate those that would have been available for loans of similar remaining maturities and risk profiles. As the carrying amounts are reasonable estimates of fair value, these financial instruments are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company identified notes payable as Level 2 instruments due to the fact that the inputs to valuation are primarily based upon readily observable pricing information. The balance of notes payable, which was measured and disclosed at fair value, was $24,663,846 and $28,075,945 at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

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Contingent consideration related to the acquisitions of Jinhua An Kao and SC Autosports, which is accounted for as liabilities, are measured at each reporting date for their fair value using Level 3 inputs. The fair value of contingent consideration was $12,204,964 and $0 at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Also see Note 26.

(c) Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers highly-liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

As of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, the Company’s restricted cash was $9,104,584 and $11,218,688, respectively.

(d) Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value (market value). The cost of raw materials is determined on the basis of weighted average. The cost of finished goods is determined on the basis of weighted average and comprises direct materials, direct labor and an appropriate proportion of overhead.

Net realizable value is based on estimated selling prices less selling expenses and any further costs expected to be incurred for completion. Adjustments to reduce the cost of inventory to net realizable value are made, if required, for estimated excess, obsolescence, or impaired balances.

(e) Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are recognized and carried at net realizable value. An allowance for doubtful accounts is recorded for periods in which the Company determines a loss is probable, based on its assessment of specific factors, such as troubled collections, historical experience, accounts aging, ongoing business relations and other factors. Accounts are written off after exhaustive collection efforts. If accounts receivable are to be provided for, or written off, they are recognized in the consolidated statement of operations within the operating expenses line item. If accounts receivable previously written off is recovered in a later period or when facts subsequently become available to indicate that the amount provided as an allowance for doubtful accounts was incorrect, an adjustment is made to restate allowance for doubtful accounts.

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, credit terms with the Company’s customers were typically 180 to 360 days after delivery. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had a $319,421and $133,930 allowance for doubtful accounts, as per the Company management’s judgment based on their best knowledge. The Company conducts quarterly assessments of the state of the Company’s outstanding receivables and reserves any allowance for doubtful accounts if it becomes necessary.

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(f) Notes receivable

Notes receivable represent short-term loans to third parties with maximum terms of six months. Interest income is recognized according to each agreement between a borrower and the Company on an accrual basis. For notes receivable with banks, the interest rates are determined by banks. For notes receivable with other parties, the interest rates are based on agreements between the parties. If notes receivable are paid back, that transaction will be recognized in the relevant year. If notes receivable are not paid back, or are written off, that transaction will be recognized in the relevant year if default is probable, reasonably assured, and the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company will recognize income if the written-off loan is recovered at a future date. In case of any foreclosure proceedings or legal actions, the Company provides an accrual for the related foreclosure and litigation expenses. The Company also receives notes receivable from the JV Company and other parties to settle accounts receivable. If the Company decides to discount notes receivable for the purpose of receiving immediate cash, the current discount rate is approximately in the range of 4.80% to 5.00% annually. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had notes receivable from unrelated parties of $72,817 and $0, respectively, which notes receivable typically mature within six months. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had notes receivable from JV Company and other related parties of $2,184,519 and $1,137,289, respectively, which notes receivable typically mature within six months.

(g) Advances to Suppliers

Advances to suppliers represent cash paid in advance to suppliers, and include advances to raw material suppliers, mold manufacturers, and equipment suppliers.

As of September 30, 2018, the Company had made a total advance payments of RMB 756 million (approximately $110 million) to Nanjing Shangtong Auto Technologies Co., Ltd. (“Nanjing Shangtong”) as an advance to purchase a production line and develop a new EV model for Kandi Hainan. Nanjing Shangtong is a total solutions contractor for Kandi Hainan and provides all the equipment and EV product design and research services used by Kandi Hainan. After a portion of such advances were transferred to construction in progress and expensed for R&D purposes, the Company had $3,924,501 left in Advance to Suppliers in current assets related to the purchases from Nanjing Shangtong as of September 30, 2018.

Advances for raw material purchases are typically settled within two months of the Company’s receipt of the raw materials. Prepayment is offset against the purchase price after the equipment or materials are delivered.

(h) Property, Plants and Equipment

Property, plants and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated over the asset’s estimated useful life using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the life of the asset or the term of the lease, whichever is shorter. Estimated useful lives are as follows:

Buildings	30 years
Machinery and equipment	10 years
Office equipment	5 years
Motor vehicles	5 years
Molds	5 years

The costs and related accumulated depreciation of assets sold or otherwise retired are eliminated from the Company’s accounts and any gain or loss is included in the statements of income. The cost of maintenance and repairs is charged to expenses as incurred, whereas significant renewals and betterments are capitalized.

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(i) Construction in Progress

Construction in progress (“CIP”) represents the direct costs of construction, and the acquisition costs of buildings or machinery. Capitalization of these costs ceases, and construction in progress is transferred to plants and equipment, when substantially all the activities necessary to prepare the assets for their intended use are completed. No depreciation is provided for until the assets are completed and ready for their intended use. As of September 30, 2018, $2,854,673 of interest expenses previously capitalized for CIP have been reimbursed by the government.

(j) Land Use Rights

Land in China is owned by the government and land ownership rights cannot be sold to an individual or to a private company. However, the Chinese government grants the user a “land use right” to use the land. The land use rights granted to the Company are amortized using the straight-line method over a term of fifty years.

(k) Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company periodically evaluates the carrying value of long-lived assets to be held and used, including intangible assets subject to amortization, when events and circumstances warrant such a review, pursuant to the guidelines established in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 144 (now known as “ASC 360”). The carrying value of a long-lived asset is considered impaired when the anticipated undiscounted cash flow from such asset is separately identifiable and is less than its carrying value. In that event, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair market value of the long-lived asset. Fair market value is determined primarily using the anticipated cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved. Losses on long-lived assets to be disposed of are determined in a similar manner, except that fair market values are reduced for disposal costs.

The Company recognized no impairment loss during the reporting period.

(l) Revenue Recognition

The Company adopted ASC Topic 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers with a date of the initial application of January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. As a result, the Company has changed its accounting policy for revenue recognition. The impact of the adoption of ASC Topic 606 on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements is not material.

The Company recognizes revenue when goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration which it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In determining when and how revenue is recognized from contracts with customers, the Company performs the following five-step analysis: (i) identification of contract with customer; (ii) determination of performance obligations; (iii) measurement of the transaction price; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recognition of revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation.

The Company generates revenue through the sale of EV products, EV parts and off-road vehicles. The revenue is recognized at a point in time once the Company has determined that the customer has obtained control over the product. Control is typically deemed to have been transferred to the customer when the performance obligation is fulfilled, usually at the time of delivery, at the net sales price (transaction price). Estimates of variable consideration, such as volume discounts and rebates, are determined, reviewed and revised periodically by management. Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. Shipping and handling costs for product shipments occur prior to the customer obtaining control of the goods are accounted for as fulfillment costs rather than separate performance obligations and recorded as sales and marketing expenses.

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The Company’s contracts are predominantly short-term in nature with a contract term of one year or less. For those contracts, the Company has utilized the practical expedient in ASC Topic 606 exempting the Company from disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations if the performance obligation is part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less.

Receivables are recorded when the Company has an unconditional right to consideration.

See Note 24 “Segment Reporting” for disaggregation of revenue by reporting segments. The Company believes this disaggregation best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

(m) Research and Development

Expenditures relating to the development of new products and processes, including improvements to existing products, are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses were $5,691,649 and $657,851for the three months ended September 30, 2018, and September 30, 2017, respectively. Research and development expenses were $7,091,836 and $26,569,624 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and September 30, 2017, respectively.

(n) Government Grants

Grants and subsidies received from the Chinese government are recognized when the proceeds are received or collectible and related milestones have been reached and all contingencies have been resolved.

For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, $607,008 and $474,950, respectively, were received by the Company’s subsidiaries from the Chinese government. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, $717,821 and $5,804,561, respectively, were received by the Company’s subsidiaries from the Chinese government.

(o) Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income tax using an asset and liability approach, which allows for the recognition of deferred tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The accounting for deferred tax calculation represents the Company management’s best estimate of the most likely future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns and related future anticipation. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will either expire before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or that future realization will be uncertain.

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(p) Foreign Currency Translation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in United States dollars. The functional currency of the Company is the Renminbi (RMB). Capital accounts of the consolidated financial statements are translated into United States dollars from RMB at their historical exchange rates when the capital transactions occurred.

Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rates as of balance sheet date. Income and expenditures are translated at the average exchange rate of the reporting period, which rates are obtained from the website: http://www.oanda.com

	September 30,		December 31,		September 30,
	2018		2017		2017
Period end RMB : USD exchange rate		6.8665		6.5067		6.6536
Average RMB : USD exchange rate		6.5137		6.7568		6.807608

(q) Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income is defined to include all changes in equity except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Among other disclosures, all items that are required to be recognized under current accounting standards as components of comprehensive income are required to be reported in a financial statement that is presented with the same prominence as other financial statements. Comprehensive income includes net income and the foreign currency translation changes.

(r) Segments

In accordance with ASC 280-10, Segment Reporting, the Company’s chief operating decision makers rely upon the consolidated results of operations when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing the performance of the Company. As a result of the assessment made by the Company’s chief operating decision makers, the Company has only one operating segment. The Company does not distinguish between markets or segments for the purpose of internal reporting.

(s) Stock Option Expenses

The Company’s stock option expenses are recorded in accordance with ASC 718 and ASC 505.

The fair value of stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes-Merton model. The Company’s expected volatility assumption is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock. The expected life assumption is primarily based on the expiration date of the option. The risk-free interest rate for the expected term of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.

The recognition of stock option expenses is based on awards expected to vest. ASC standards require forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised in subsequent periods, if necessary, if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

The stock-based option expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, were $0 and $997,496. The stock-based option expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, were $1,586,926 net of a reversal for forfeited stock option of $2,644,877 and $4,126,008, respectively. See Note 19. There were no forfeitures estimated during the reporting period.

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(t) Goodwill

The Company allocates goodwill from business combinations to reporting units based on the expectation that the reporting unit is to benefit from the business combination. The Company evaluates its reporting units on an annual basis and, if necessary, reassigns goodwill using a relative fair value allocation approach. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. These events or circumstances could include a significant change in the business climate, legal factors, operating performance indicators, competition, or sale or disposition of a significant portion of a reporting unit.

Application of the goodwill impairment test requires judgments, including the identification of reporting units, assignment of assets and liabilities to reporting units, assignment of goodwill to reporting units, and the determination of the fair value of each reporting unit. The Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired. If the more likely than not threshold is met, the Company performs a quantitative impairment test.

As of September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, the Company determined that its goodwill was not impaired.

(u) Intangible assets

Intangible assets consist of patent, trade names and customer relations associated with the purchase price from the allocation of YongkangScrou and Jinhua An Kao. Such assets are being amortized over their estimated useful lives. Intangible assets are amortized as of September 30, 2018. The amortization expenses for intangible assets were $157,817 and $20,524 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively. The amortization expenses for intangible assets were $493,405 and $61,571 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively.

(v) Accounting for Sale of Common Stock and Warrants

Gross proceeds are first allocated according to the initial fair value of the freestanding derivative instruments (i.e. the warrants issued to the Company’s investors in its previous offerings, or the “Investor Warrants”). The remaining proceeds are allocated to common stock. The related issuance expenses, including the placement agent cash fees, legal fees, the initial fair value of the warrants issued to the placement agent and others were allocated between the common stock and the Investor Warrants based on how the proceeds are allocated to these instruments. Expenses related to the issuance of common stock were charged to paid-in capital. Expenses related to the issuance of derivative instruments were expensed upon issuance.

(w) Consolidation of variable interest entities

In accordance with accounting standards regarding consolidation of variable interest entities, or VIEs, VIEs are generally entities that lack sufficient equity to finance their activities without additional financial support from other parties or whose equity holders lack adequate decision making ability. All VIEs with which the Company is involved must be evaluated to determine the primary beneficiary of the risks and rewards of the VIE. The primary beneficiary is required to consolidate the VIE for financial reporting purposes.

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The Company has concluded, based on the contractual arrangements, that Kandi New Energy is a VIE and that the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Kandi Vehicles, absorbs a majority of the risk of loss from the activities of this company, thereby enabling the Company, through Kandi Vehicles, to receive a majority of its respective expected residual returns.

Additionally, because Kandi New Energy is under common control with other entities, the consolidated financial statements have been prepared as if the transactions had occurred retroactively as to the beginning of the reporting period of these consolidated financial statements.

Control and common control are defined under the accounting standards as “an individual, enterprise, or immediate family members who hold more than 50 percent of the voting ownership interest of each entity.” Because the owners collectively own 100% of Kandi New Energy, and have agreed to vote their interests in concert since the establishment of each of these three companies as memorialized the Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, the Company believes that the owners collectively have control and common control of Kandi New Energy. Accordingly, the Company believes that Kandi New Energy was constructively held under common control by Kandi Vehicles as of the time the contractual agreements were entered into, establishing Kandi Vehicles as their primary beneficiary. Kandi Vehicles, in turn, is owned by Continental, which is owned by the Company.

(x) Reclassification

The Company adopted ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) - Restricted Cash” in the first quarter of 2018. Certain amounts included in the 2017 condensed consolidated statement of cash flows have been reclassified to conform to the 2018 financial statement presentation as follows:

The Company has included restricted cash of $12,957,377 and $20,735,921, respectively, with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. As a result, the total amount at the beginning of the period on the statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 has changed from $12,235,921 to $25,193,298; the total amount at the end of the period on the statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 has changed from $3,560,510 to $24,296,431; and effect of exchange rate changes on the statement of cash of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 has changed from $199,530 to $1,011,615.

The Company has eliminated the line item of restricted cash of $5,875,786 from the section of investing activities on the statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. As a result, net cash provided by investing activities of $8,444,239 on the statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 has changed to net cash provided by investing activities of $2,568,453.The Company has eliminated the line item of restricted cash of $(12,922,105) from the section of financing activities on the statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. As a result, net cash used by financing activities of $16,700,441 on the statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 has changed to net cash used by financing activities of $3,778,336. Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash of $8,954,801 on the statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 has changed to net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash of $1,908,482.

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NOTE 7 - NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Recent accounting pronouncements that the Company has adopted or may be required to adopt in the future are summarized below:

In May 2014, the FASB issued a new standard on revenue recognition related to contracts with customers. This standard supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance and involves a five-step principles-based approach to recognizing revenue. The new model requires revenue recognition to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration a company expects to receive. The new standard also require additional qualitative and quantitative about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments made in applying the revenue guidance, and assets recognized from the costs to obtain or fulfill a contract. The Company adopted this standard in the first quarter of 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. The impact of adoption on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for any period presented is not material.

In November 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2015-17, “Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes.” This ASU amends existing guidance to require that deferred income tax assets and liabilities be classified as non-current in a classified balance sheet, and eliminates the prior guidance which required an entity to separate deferred tax assets and liabilities into a current amount and a non-current amount in a classified balance sheet. The Company adopted this standard prospectively in the first quarter of 2018. The impact of adoption on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for any period presented is not material.

In October 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers Other than Inventory, which requires companies to recognize the income-tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs, rather than when the asset has been sold to an outside party. The Company adopted this standard prospectively in the first quarter of 2018. The impact of adoption on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for any period presented is not material.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) - Restricted Cash,” (“ASU 2016-18”). This ASU requires a statement of cash flows to explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted this standard in the first quarter of 2018. The impact of adoption on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for any period presented is not material.

In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business, which revises the definition of a business and provides new guidance in evaluating when a set of transferred assets and activities is a business. The Company adopted this standard prospectively in the first quarter of 2018. The impact of adoption on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for any period presented is not material.

In February 2018, the FASB released ASU 2018-2, “Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.” This standard update addresses a specific consequence of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“U.S. tax reform”) and allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for the stranded tax effects resulting from U.S. tax reform. Consequently, the update eliminates the stranded tax effects that were created as a result of the historical U.S. federal corporate income tax rate to the newly enacted U.S. federal corporate income tax rate. The Company is required to adopt this standard in the first quarter of fiscal year 2020, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in this update should be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act is recognized. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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NOTE 8 - CONCENTRATIONS

(a) Customers

For the three-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, the Company’s major customers, each of whom accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s consolidated revenue, were as follows:

	Sales						Trade Receivable
	Three Months			Three Months
	Ended			Ended
	September 30,			September 30,			September 30,			December 31,
Major Customers	2018			2017			2018			2017
Kandi Electric Vehicles Group Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries		61	%		77	%		66	%		74	%
JinhuaChaoneng Automobile Sales Co., Ltd.		24	%		19	%		18	%		-

For the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, the Company’s major customers, each of whom accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s consolidated revenue, were as follows:

	Sales						Trade Receivable
	Nine Months			Nine Months
	Ended			Ended
	September 30,			September 30,			September 30,			December 31,
Major Customers	2018			2017			2018			2017
Kandi Electric Vehicles Group Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries		49	%		82	%		66	%		74	%
JinhuaChaoneng Automobile Sales Co. Ltd.		24	%		11	%		18	%		-
Zhejiang Shikong Energy Technology Co., Ltd.		13	%		-			-			-

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(b) Suppliers

For the three-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, the Company’s material suppliers, each of whom accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s total purchases, were as follows:

	Purchases					Accounts Payable
	Three Months			Three Months
	Ended			Ended
	September 30,			September 30,		September 30,			December 31,
Major Suppliers	2018			2017		2018			2017
Jiangsu TianPeng power Co., Ltd.		25	%		-		13	%		-
Shenzhen BiKe Power Battery Co., Ltd.		26	%		-		8	%		-

For the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, the Company’s material suppliers, each of whom accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s total purchases, were as follows:

	Purchases					Accounts Payable
	Nine Months			Nine Months
	Ended			Ended
	September 30,			September 30,		September 30,			December 31,
Major Suppliers	2018			2017		2018			2017
Jiangsu TianPeng power supply Co., Ltd.		19	%		-		13	%		-
Shenzhen BiKe Power Battery Co., Ltd.		18	%		-		8	%		-
Shanghai de Lang Power Battery Co., Ltd.		16	%		-		-			-

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NOTE 9 - EARNINGS PER SHARE

The Company calculates earnings per share in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, which requires a dual presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Basic earnings per share are computed using the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted earnings per share represents basic earnings per share adjusted to include the potentially dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and warrants (using treasury stock method). For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, the average number of potentially dilutive common shares was zero. The potential dilutive common shares as at the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, were 3,900,000 and 4,400,000 shares respectively.

The following is the calculation of earnings per share for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

	For three months ended
	September 30,
	2018			2017
Net (loss) income	$	(6,521,399	)	$	1,918,076
Weighted average shares used in basic computation		51,474,048			48,028,467
Dilutive shares		-			-
Weighted average shares used in diluted computation		51,474,048			48,028,467
(Loss) income per share:
Basic	$	(0.13	)	$	0.04
Diluted	$	(0.13	)	$	0.04

The following is the calculation of earnings per share for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

	For Nine months ended
	September 30,
	2018			2017
Net loss	$	(1,418,879	)	$	(33,793,376	)
Weighted average shares used in basic computation		51,089,047			47,913,028
Dilutive shares		-			-
Weighted average shares used in diluted computation		51,089,047			47,913,028
Loss per share:
Basic	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.71	)
Diluted	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.71	)

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NOTE 10 - ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Accounts receivable are summarized as follows:

	September 30,			December 31,
	2018			2017
Accounts receivable	$	40,430,594		$	34,531,788
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts		(319,421	)		(133,930	)
Accounts receivable, net	$	40,111,173		$	34,397,858

NOTE 11 - INVENTORIES

Inventories are summarized as follows:

	September 30,			December 31,
	2018			2017
Raw material	$	6,881,825		$	7,256,498
Work-in-progress		5,459,200			2,831,678
Finished goods		3,998,427			6,512,537
Total inventories		16,339,452			16,600,713
Less: provision for slowing moving inventories		(662,769	)		(620,919	)
Inventories, net	$	15,676,683		$	15,979,794

NOTE 12 - NOTES RECEIVABLE 

Notes receivable from unrelated parties as of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, are summarized as follows:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
Notes receivable as below:
Bank acceptance notes		72,817		-
Notes receivable	$	72,817	$	-

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Details of notes receivable from unrelated parties as of September 30, 2018, are as set forth below:

Index	Amount ($)		Counter party	Relationship	Nature	Manner of settlement
1		72,817	Shaanxi Hua Dao Auto Sales Co., Ltd.	Third Party	Payments for sales	Not due

Notes receivable from the JV Company and related parties as of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, are summarized as follows:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
Notes receivable as below:
Bank acceptance notes		2,184,519		1,137,289
Notes receivable	$	2,184,519	$	1,137,289

Details of notes receivable from the JV Company and related parties as of September 30, 2018, are as set forth below:

Index	Amount ($)		Counter party	Relationship	Nature	Manner of settlement
1		2,184,519	Kandi Electric Vehicles Group Co., Ltd.	Joint Venture of the Company	Payments for sales	Not due

Details of notes receivable from the JV Company and related parties as of December 31, 2017, are as set forth below:

Index	Amount ($)		Counter party	Relationship	Nature	Manner of settlement
1		922,126	Kandi Electric Vehicles Group Co., Ltd.	Joint Venture of the Company	Payments for sales	Not due
2		153,688	Kandi Jiangsu	Subsidiary of the JV Company	Payments for sales	Not due
3		61,475	KandiChangxing	Subsidiary of the JV Company	Payments for sales	Not due

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NOTE 13 - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Property, plants and equipment as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, consisted of the following:

	September 30,			December 31,
	2018			2017
At cost:
Buildings	$	30,512,866		$	13,853,340
Machinery and equipment		63,567,339			7,916,562
Office equipment		511,999			532,774
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment		419,080			382,866
Molds and others		27,279,795			28,659,714
		122,291,079			51,345,256
Less : Accumulated depreciation
Buildings	$	(4,769,947	)	$	(4,683,040	)
Machinery and equipment		(7,187,655	)		(7,216,464	)
Office equipment		(236,702	)		(305,367	)
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment		(317,789	)		(310,631	)
Molds and others		(25,669,706	)		(26,306,306	)
		(38,181,799	)		(38,821,808	)
Less: provision for impairment for fixed assets		(444,288	)		(522,477	)
Plant and equipment, net	$	83,664,992		$	12,000,971

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the net book value of plants and equipment pledged as collateral for bank loans was $8,224,667 and $9,019,993, respectively.

Depreciation expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017 were $239,434 and $1,119,307, respectively. Depreciation expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017 were $1,511,018 and $3,253,653, respectively

NOTE 14 - LAND USE RIGHTS

The Company’s land use rights consist of the following:

	September 30,			December 31,
	2018			2017
Cost of land use rights	$	14,947,038		$	15,676,450
Less: Accumulated amortization		(3,098,072	)		(3,010,403	)
Land use rights, net	$	11,848,966		$	12,666,047

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As of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, the net book value of land use rights pledged as collateral for the Company’s bank loans was $7,823,541 and $8,993,913, respectively. Also see Note 16.

The amortization expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, were $82,586 and $82,054, respectively. The amortization expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, were $267,177 and $241,437, respectively. Amortization expenses for the next five years and thereafter is as follows:

2018(Three Months)	$	89,059
2019		356,236
2020		356,236
2021		356,236
2022		356,236
Thereafter		10,334,963
Total	$	11,848,966

NOTE 15 - CONSTRUCTION-IN-PROGRESS

Hainan Facility

In April 2013, the Company signed an agreement with the Wanning city government in Hainan Province to invest a total of RMB 1 billion to establish a factory in Wanning to manufacture 100,000 EV products annually. In January 2016, the Hainan Province government implemented a development plan to centralize manufacturing in certain designated industry parks. As a result, the Wanning facility was relocated from Wanning city to the Haikou city high-tech zone. Based on the agreement with the government, all the expenses and lost assets resulting from the relocation were compensated for by the local government. As a result of the relocation, the contracts to build the manufacturing facility had to be revised in terms of total contract amount, technical requirements, completion milestones and others for the new construction site in Haikou. Currently, the Hainan facility’s main project including manufacturing plant and office, main manufacturing equipment and facilities has been completed and the Company has transferred associated construction-in-progress to fixed assets in the third quarter of 2018.

No depreciation is provided for CIP until such time as the facility is completed and placed into operation.

As of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, the Company’s CIP were$0 and $53,083,925, respectively.

All interest expenses previously capitalized for CIP were reimbursed by the government. There was no interest expense capitalized for CIP for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

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NOTE 16 - SHORT -TERM AND LONG-TERM BANK LOANS

Short-term loans are summarized as follows:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
Loans from China Ever-bright Bank
Interest rate 5.22% per annum, paid off on April 25, 2018, secured by the assets of Kandi Vehicle, guaranteed by Mr. Hu Xiaoming and his wife, also guaranteed by company’s subsidiaries. Also see Note 13 and Note 14.		-		10,758,141
Interest rate 5.655% per annum, due on April 25, 2019,  secured by the assets of Kandi Vehicle, guaranteed by Mr. Hu Xiaoming and his wife, also guaranteed by company’s subsidiaries. Also see Note 13 and Note 14.		10,194,423		-
Loans from Hangzhou Bank
Interest rate 4.79% per annum, paid off on October 15, 2018, secured by the assets of Kandi Vehicle. Also see Note 13 and Note 14.		7,106,969		7,499,962
Interest rate 4.79% per annum, paid off on July 4, 2018,secured by the assets of Kandi Vehicle. Also see Note 13 and Note 14.		-		11,096,255
Interest rate 5.66% per annum, due on July 1, 2019,secured by the assets of Kandi Vehicle. Also see Note 13 and Note 14.		5,825,384		-
Interest rate 5.66% per annum, due on July 4, 2019,secured by the assets of Kandi Vehicle. Also see Note 13 and Note 14.		4,689,434		-
Interest rate 4.35% per annum, paid off on March 26, 2018, secured by the assets of Kandi Vehicle. Also see Note 13 and Note 14.		-		3,688,506
Interest rate 5.66% per annum, due March 25, 2019, secured by the assets of Kandi Vehicle. Also see Note 13 and Note 14.		2,767,057		-
	$	30,583,267	$	33,042,864

Long-term loans are summarized as follows:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
Loans from Haikou Rural Credit Cooperative
Interest rate 7% per annum, due on December 12, 2021, guaranteed by Kandi Vehicle and Kandi New Energy.		28,981,286		30,737,547
	$	28,981,286		30,737,547

The interest expense of short-term and long-term bank loans for the three months ended September 30, 2018, and 2017 was $426,167 and $387,119, respectively. The interest expense of short-term and long-term bank loans for the nine months ended September June 30, 2018, and 2017 was $1,274,399 and $1,123,105, respectively.

As of September 30, 2018, the aggregate amount of short-term and long-term loans guaranteed by various third parties was $0.

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NOTE 17 - NOTES PAYABLE

By issuing bank notes payable rather than paying cash to suppliers, the Company can defer payments until the bank notes payable are due. Depending on bank requirements, the Company may need to deposit restricted cash in banks to back up the bank notes payable, while the restricted cash deposited in the banks will generate interest income.

A bank acceptance note is a promised future payment, or time draft, which is accepted and guaranteed by a bank and drawn on a deposit at the bank. The banker’s acceptance specifies the amount of the funds, the date, and the person to which the payment is due.

After acceptance, the draft becomes an unconditional liability of the bank, but the holder of the draft can sell (exchange) it for cash at a discount to a buyer who is willing to wait until the maturity date for the funds in the deposit. $8,854,584 and $11,218,688 were held as collateral for the notes payable as of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, respectively.

As is common business practice in the PRC, the Company issues notes payable to its suppliers as settlement for accounts payable.

The Company’s notes payable also include the borrowing from the third party.

Notes payable for September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were summarized as follows:

	September 30,		December 31,
Bank acceptance notes:	2018		2017
Due January 4, 2018	$	-	$	4,987,167
Due April 19, 2018		-		230,532
Due May 6, 2018		-		1,168,027
Due June 18, 2018		-		2,305,316
Due June 21, 2018		-		376,019
Due June 25, 2018		-		153,688
Due June 27, 2018		-		76,844
Due June 29, 2018		-		2,382,160
Due December 13, 2018		6,844,826		-
Due December 30, 2018		10,780,855		-
Due January 9, 2019		873,808		-
Due January 11, 2019		262,142		-
Due January 12, 2019		1,456,346		-
Due February 21, 2019		72,817		-
Due February 28, 2019		873,808		-
Due March 10, 2019		436,904		-
Due March 20, 2019		291,269		-
Commercial acceptance notes:
Due March 26, 2018		-		10,758,140
Other Notes Payable:
Due May 6, 2019		2,771,071		5,638,052
Total	$	24,663,846	$	28,075,945

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NOTE 18 - TAXES

(a) Corporation Income Tax

Pursuant to the tax laws and regulations of the PRC, the Company’s applicable corporate income tax (“CIT”) rate is 25%. However, Kandi Vehicles qualifies as a High and New Technology Enterprise (“HNTE”) company in the PRC, and is entitled to pay a reduced income tax rate of 15% for the years presented. HNTE needs to be authenticated every three years. In November 2017 the Company renewed its HNTE eligibility which will now expire in 2020. The applicable CIT rate of each of the Company’s four other subsidiaries, Kandi New Energy, YongkangScrou, Kandi Hainan and Jinhua An Kao, the JV Company and its subsidiaries, and the Service Company is 25%.

Our tax provision or benefit from income taxes for interim periods is determined using an estimate of our annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that are taken into account in the relevant period. Each quarter we update our estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if our estimated tax rate changes, we make a cumulative adjustment. For 2018, we estimate that our effective tax rate will be favorably affected by non-taxable income such as the share of income of the JV Company and the gain from the change of fair value of contingent liabilities and certain research and development super-deduction and adversely affected by non-deductible expenses such as part of entertainment expenses. We record valuation allowances against the deferred tax assets associated with losses for which we may not realize a related tax benefit. After combining research and development tax credits of 25% on certain qualified research and development expenses, the Company’s effective tax rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and 2017 were a tax benefit of 20.70% on a reported loss before taxes of approximately $1.8million, and an effective income tax rate with a tax benefit of 10.89% for the same period of last year on a reported loss before taxes of approximately $37.9 million, respectively.

Our quarterly tax provision, and our quarterly estimate of our annual effective tax rate, is subject to significant variation due to several factors, including variability in accurately predicting our pre-tax and taxable income and loss, acquisitions (including integrations) and investments, changes in our stock price, changes in our deferred tax assets and liabilities and their valuation, foreign currency gains (losses), changes in regulations and interpretations related to tax, accounting, and other areas. Additionally, our effective tax rate can be more or less volatile based on the amount of pre-tax income or loss. Our income tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was tax benefits of $370,316 and tax benefits of $4,130,951, respectively.

Effective January 1, 2007, the Company adopted the guidance in ASC 740 related to uncertain tax positions. The guidance addresses the determination of whether tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the financial statements. Under ASC 740, the Company may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. ASC 740 also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties on income taxes, accounting in interim periods and requires increased disclosures. As of September 30, 2018, the Company did not have any liability for unrecognized tax benefits. The Company files income tax returns with the U.S. Internal Revenue Services (“IRS”) and those states where the Company has operations. The Company is subject to U.S. federal or state income tax examinations by the IRS and relevant state tax authorities for years after 2006. During the periods open to examination, the Company has net operating loss carry forwards (“NOLs”) for U.S. federal and state tax purposes that have attributes from closed periods. Since these NOLs may be utilized in future periods, they remain subject to examination. The Company also files certain tax returns in the PRC. As of September 30, 2018, the Company was not aware of any pending income tax examinations by U.S. or PRC tax authorities. The Company records interest and penalties on uncertain tax provisions as income tax expense. As of September 30, 2018 the Company has no accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions. The Company has not recorded a provision for U.S. federal income tax for nine months ended September 30, 2018 due to a net operating loss for the U.S. companies as a whole in the first three quarters of 2018 and an accumulated net operating loss carry forward from prior years in the United States.

As of September 30, 2018, the aggregate NOLs in 2016 through 2017 of $23.60 million deriving from entities in the PRC will expire in varying amount between 2021 and 2022.The cumulative net operating loss in the PRC can be carried forward for five years, to offset future net profits for income tax purposes. The cumulative net operating loss in the U.S. can be carried forward for twenty years. The cumulative net operating loss in Hong Kong can be carried forward without an expiration date.

(b) Tax Holiday Effect

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the PRC CIT rate was 25%. Certain subsidiaries of the Company are entitled to tax exemptions (tax holidays) for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

The combined effects of income tax expense exemptions and reductions available to the Company for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2018		2017
Tax benefit (holiday) credit	$	1,345,541	$	55,439
Basic net income per share effect	$	0.000	$	0.000

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(c) The Tax Cuts and Job Act

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Act”). The Tax Act makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code that will affect our fiscal period ended September 30, 2018 and going-forwarding, including, but not limited to, (1) reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate effective January 1, 2018, (2) requiring a one-time transition tax on certain unrepatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries that is payable over eight years.

The SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 118, which provides guidance on accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Act. SAB 118 provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the Tax Act enactment date for companies to complete the accounting under ASC 740. In accordance with SAB 118, a company must reflect the income tax effects of those aspects of the Tax Act for which the accounting under ASC 740 is complete. To the extent that a company’s accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act is incomplete but it is able to determine a reasonable estimate, it must record a provisional estimate in the financial statements. If a company cannot determine a provisional estimate to be included in the financial statements, it should continue to apply ASC 740 on the basis of the provisions of the tax laws that were in effect immediately before the enactment of the Tax Act.

For various reasons that are discussed more fully below, we have not fully completed our accounting for the income tax effects of certain elements of the Tax Act. If we were able to make reasonable estimates of the effects of elements for which our analysis is not yet complete, we recorded provisional adjustments. If we were not yet able to make reasonable estimates of the impact of certain elements, we have not recorded any adjustments related to those elements and have continued accounting for them in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of the tax laws in effect before the Tax Act.

Our accounting for the following elements of the Tax Act is incomplete. However, we were able to make reasonable estimates of certain effects and, therefore, recorded provisional adjustments as follows:

Reduction of U.S. Federal Corporate Tax Rate: The Tax Act reduces the corporate tax rate to 21.0%, effective January 1, 2018. For certain deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, we have recorded a provisional decrease of $0.3 million, respectively, with a corresponding net adjustment to valuation allowance of $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. While we are able to make a reasonable estimate of the impact of the reduction in corporate rate, it may be affected by other analyses related to the Tax Act, including, but not limited to, our calculation of deemed repatriation of deferred foreign income and the state tax effect of adjustments made to federal temporary differences.

Deemed Repatriation Transition Tax: The Deemed Repatriation Transition Tax (“Transition Tax”) is a tax on previously untaxed accumulated and current earnings and profits (“E&P”) of certain foreign subsidiaries. To determine the amount of the Transition Tax, we must determine, in addition to other factors, the amount of post-1986 E&P of the relevant subsidiaries, as well as the amount of non-U.S. income taxes paid on such earnings. Due to the timing of the enactment and the complexity involved in applying the provisions of the Act, we could not made reasonable estimates of the effects and did not record provisional amounts in our financial statements as of September 30, 2018. However, we are continuing to gather information to precisely compute the amount of the Transition Tax.

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NOTE 19 - STOCK OPTIONS

On May 29, 2015, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company approved the grant of stock options to purchase 4,900,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $9.72 per share, to the Company’s directors, officers and senior employees. The stock options will vest ratably over three years and expire on the tenth anniversary of the grant date. The Company valued the stock options at $39,990,540 and will amortize the stock compensation expense using the straight-line method over the service period from May 29, 2015, through May 29, 2018. The value of the stock options was estimated using the Black Scholes Model with an expected volatility of 90%, an expected life of 10 years, a risk-free interest rate of 2.23% and an expected dividend yield of 0.00%. There were $1,586,926 in stock compensation expenses associated with stock options booked for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. After netting of an expense reversal of $2,644,877 for forfeited stock options for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the net stock compensation expenses associated with stock options were negative $1,057,951 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

The following is a summary of the stock option activities of the Company:

Outstanding as of January 1, 2017	4,566,667			9.72
Granted	-			-
Exercised	-			-
Cancelled	-			-
Forfeited	(333,333	)		9.72
Outstanding as of December 31, 2017	4,233,334		$	9.72
Granted	-			-
Exercised	-			-
Cancelled	-			-
Forfeited	(333,334	)		9.72
Outstanding as of September 30, 2018	3,900,000		$	9.72

The fair value of each of the 4,900,000 options issued to the employees and directors on May 29, 2015 is $8.1613 per share.

NOTE 20 - STOCK AWARD

In connection with the appointment of Mr. Henry Yu as a member of the Board of Directors (the “Board”), and as compensation, the Board authorized the Company to provide Mr. Henry Yu with 5,000 shares of Company’s restricted common stock every six months, beginning in July 2011.

As compensation for Mr. Jerry Lewin’s services as a member of the Board, the Board authorized the Company to provide Mr. Jerry Lewin with 5,000 shares of Company’s restricted common stock every six months, beginning in August 2011.

As compensation for Ms. Kewa Luo’s services as the Company’s investor relation officer, the Board authorized the Company to provide Ms. Kewa Luo with 5,000 shares of the Company’s common stock every six months, beginning in September 2013.

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In November 2016, the Company entered into a three-year employment agreement with Mr. Mei Bing, who is now the Company’s Chief Financial Officer. Under the agreement, Mr. Mei Bing is entitled to receive an aggregate 10,000 shares of common stock each year, vested in four equal quarterly installments of 2,500 shares.

The fair value of stock awards based on service is determined based on the closing price of the common stock on the date the shares are approved by the Board for grant. The compensation costs for awards of common stock are recognized over the requisite service period of three or six months.

On December 30, 2013, the Board approved a proposal (as submitted by the Compensation Committee) of an award (the “Board’s Pre-Approved Award Grant Sub-Plan under the 2008 Plan”) for certain executives and other key employees, comprising a total of 335,000 shares of common stock for each fiscal year, beginning with the 2013 fiscal year, under the Company’s 2008 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “2008 Plan”), if the Company’s “Non-GAAP Net Income” for the current fiscal year increased by 10% comparing to that of the 2013. The specific number of shares of common stock to be issued in respect of such award could proportionally increase or decrease if the actual Non-GAAP Net Income increase is more or less than 10%. “Non-GAAP Net Income” means the Company’s net income for a particular year calculated in accordance with GAAP, excluding option-related expenses, stock award expenses, and the effects caused by the change of fair value of financial derivatives. For example, if Non-GAAP Net Income for the 2014 fiscal year increased by 10% compared to the Non-GAAP Net Income for the 2013 fiscal year, the selected executives and other key employees each would be granted his or her target amount of common stock of the Company. If Non-GAAP Net Income in 2014 is less than Non-GAAP Net Income in 2013, then no common stock would be granted. If Non-GAAP Net Income in 2014 increased compared to Non-GAAP Net Income in 2013 but the increase is less than 10%, then the target amount of the common stock grant would be proportionately decreased. If Non-GAAP Net Income in 2014 increased compared to Non- GAAP Net Income in 2013 but the increase is more than 10%, then the target amount of the common stock grant would be proportionately increased up to 200% of the target amount based on the modification to 2013’s proposal in 2014. Any such increase in the grant would be subject to the total number of shares available under the 2008 Plan, and the Company’s Board and shareholders will need to approve any increase in the number of shares reserved under the 2008 Plan if all the shares originally reserved are granted. On May 20, 2015, the shareholders of the Company approved an increase of 9,000,000 shares under the 2008 Plan at its annual meeting. On September 26, 2016, the Board approved to terminate the previous Board’s Pre-Approved Award Grant Sub-Plan under the 2008 Plan and adopted a new plan to reduce the total number of shares of common stock of the stock award for selected executives and key employees from 335,000 shares of common stock to 250,000 shares of common stock for each fiscal year, with the other terms remaining the same. On February 13, 2017, the Board authorized the Company to grant 246,900 shares of common shares to certain management members and employees as compensation for their past services under the 2008 Plan. On April 18, 2018, the Board authorized the Company to grant 238,600 shares of common shares to certain management members and employees as compensation for their past services under the 2008 Plan.

The fair value of each award granted under the 2008 Plan is determined based on the closing price of the Company’s stock on the date of grant of such award. Stock-based compensation expenses are calculated based on grant date fair value and number of awards expected to be earned at the end of each quarter and recognized in the quarter. In subsequent periods, stock-based compensation expenses are adjusted based on grant date fair value and the change of number of awards expected to be earned. Final stock-based compensation expenses for the year are calculated based on grant date fair value and number of awards earned for the year and recognized at the end of year.

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For three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized $31,675 and $31,675 of employee stock award expenses for stock compensation and annual incentive award under the 2008 Plan paid to Board members, management and consultants under General and Administrative Expenses, respectively. For nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized $1,311,885 and $1,396,350 of employee stock award expenses for stock compensation and annual incentive award under the 2008 Plan paid to Board members, management and consultants under General and Administrative Expenses, respectively.

NOTE 21 - INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Intangible assets include acquired other intangibles of trade name, customer relations and patent recorded at estimated fair values in accordance with purchase accounting guidelines for acquisitions. The Company acquired patents as a result of its acquisition of Jinhua An Kao which were valued in conjunction with the Company’s purchase accounting at approximately $5 million (see Note 26). The patents acquired have estimated economic useful lives of approximately 7.5 to 9.17 years.

The following table provides the gross carrying value and accumulated amortization for each major class of our intangible assets, other than goodwill:

		September 30,			December 31,
	Remaining useful life	2018			2017
Gross carrying amount:
Trade name	3.25 years	$	492,235		$	492,235
Customer relations	3.25 years		304,086			304,086
Patent	6.75-8.42 years		4,631,180			-
			5,427,501			796,321
Less : Accumulated amortization
Trade name		$	(325,621	)	$	(287,561	)
Customer relations			(201,156	)		(177,644	)
Patent			(409,644	)		-
			(936,421	)		(465,205	)
Intangible assets, net		$	4,491,080		$	331,116

The aggregate amortization expenses for those intangible assets that continue to be amortized is reflected in amortization of intangible assets in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income and were $157,817 and $20,524 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $493,405 and $61,571 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

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Amortization expenses for the next five years and thereafter are as follows:

2018(Three Months)	$	164,467
2019		657,872
2020		657,872
2021		657,872
2022		578,513
Thereafter		1,774,484
Total	$	4,491,080

NOTE 22 - SUMMARIZED INFORMATION OF EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENT IN THE JV COMPANY

The Company’s consolidated net income includes the Company’s proportionate share of the net income or loss of the Company’s equity method investees. When the Company records its proportionate share of net income in such investees, it increases equity income (loss) – net in the Company’s consolidated statements of income and the Company’s carrying value in that investment. Conversely, when the Company records its proportionate share of a net loss in such investees, it decreases equity income (loss) – net in the Company’s consolidated statements of income and the Company’s carrying value in that investment. All intra-entity profits and losses with the Company’s equity method investees have been eliminated.

As of September 30, 2018, the JV Company consolidated its interests in the following entities on its financial statements: (1) its 100% interest in KandiChangxing; (2) its 100% interest in Zhejiang Chang Dian and each of its three direct wholly-owned subsidiaries, i.e., Chang Dian Tonglu, Chang Dian Changxing and JiangsuGu Xiang; (3) its 100% interest in Kandi Shanghai; (4) its 100% interest in Kandi Jiangsu and each of its four direct wholly-owned subsidiaries, i.e., JiHeKang, JiHeKang Service Company, Liuchuang and KandiJinhua; and (5) 100% interest in each of the directly wholly-owned subsidiaries of JiHeKang, i.e., Tianjin BoHaiWan, Jiangsu JiDian, JiHeKang Tianjin and Guangdong JiHeKang. The Company accounted for its investments in the JV Company under the equity method of accounting because the Company has a 50% ownership interest in the JV Company. As a result, the Company’s consolidated net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and 2017, included equity income from the JV Company during such periods.

The combined results of operations and financial position of the JV Company are summarized below:

	Three Months ended
	September 30,
	2018			2017
Condensed income statement information:
Net sales	$	19,880,543		$	86,181,120
Gross profits		3,133,283			5,279,283
Gross margin		15.8	%		6.1	%
Net loss		(5,860,746	)		(480,622	)
% of net sales		-29.5	%		-0.6	%
Company’s share in net loss of JV based on 50% ownership	$	(2,930,373	)	$	(240,311	)

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	Nine Months ended
	September 30,
	2018			2017
Condensed income statement information:
Net sales	$	73,292,774		$	106,109,272
Gross profits		4,007,896			3,454,547
Gross margin		5.5	%		3.3	%
Net loss		(87,969	)		(25,665,734	)
% of net sales		-0.1	%		-24.2	%
Company’s share in net loss of JV based on 50% ownership	$	(43,985	)	$	(12,832,867	)

	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
Condensed balance sheet information:
Current assets	$	696,525,009	$	696,683,086
Noncurrent assets		170,713,320		179,943,752
Total assets	$	867,238,329	$	876,626,838
Current liabilities		573,013,782		703,629,444
Noncurrent liabilities		760,751		30,737,547
Equity		293,463,796		142,259,847
Total liabilities and equity	$	867,238,329	$	876,626,838

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and 2017, the JV Company’s revenues were derived primarily from the sales of EV products and EV parts in China. During the first nine months of 2018, the JV Company sold a total of 6,599 units of EV products in the PRC. Because the Company has a 50% ownership interest in the JV Company and accounted for its investments in the JV Company under the equity method of accounting, the Company did not consolidate the JV Company’s financial results, but rather included equity income from the JV Company during such periods.

Note: The following table illustrates the captions used in the Company’s Income Statements for its equity based investment in the JV Company.

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The Company’s equity method investments in the JV Company for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:

	September 30,			September 30,
	2018			2017
Investment in JV Company, beginning of the period,	$	70,681,013		$	77,453,014
Investment in JV Company in 2018		79,370,859			-
Share of loss
Company’s share in net loss of JV based on  50% ownership		(43,985	)		(12,832,867	)
Intercompany transaction elimination		(484,037	)		(848,200	)
Year 2017 unrealized profit realized		448,429			225,281
Subtotal		(79,593	)		(13,455,786	)
Exchange difference		(3,699,548	)		3,090,575
Investment in JV Company, end of the period	$	146,272,731		$	67,087,803

Sales to the Company’s customers, the JV Company and its subsidiaries, for the three months ended September 30, 2018, were $23,135,326 or 60.9% of the Company’s total revenue,anincreaseof6.4% from $21,749,790 of the same quarter last year. Sales to the Company’s customers, the JV Company and its subsidiaries, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, were $30,479,521 or 48.6% of the Company’s total revenue, a decrease of 38.1% from $49,233,156 of the same quarter last year. Sales to the JV Company and its subsidiaries were primarily of battery packs, body parts, EV drive motors, EV controllers, air conditioning units and other auto parts.

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the current and noncurrent amount due from the JV Company and its subsidiaries, was $77,423,493 and $162,329,623, respectively. The breakdown is as below:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
Kandi Shanghai	$	40,133,861	$	2,354,195
KandiChangxing		237,571		912,760
KandiJinhua		-		15,718
Kandi Jiangsu		1,456,095		1,506,199
Liuchuang		119,851		-
Zhejiang Chang Dian		272,444		-
JV Company		35,203,671		157,540,751
Consolidated JV	$	77,423,493	$	162,329,623

On May 23, 2018, in order to obtain the manufacturing license, the JV Company increased its registered capital by RMB 1.09 billion (approximately $159 million), of which Kandi Vehicle contributed its portion by converting the loans lent to the JV company in the amount of RMB 545 million (approximately $79 million) that were previously included in the current and noncurrent amount due from the JV Company and its subsidiaries to the JV Company’s registered capital. Geely Group became a new shareholder of the JV Company by investing RMB 545 million (approximately $79 million) in the JV Company.

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As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the current and noncurrent amount due to the JV Company and its subsidiaries, was $37,300 and $0, respectively. The breakdown is as below:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
KandiJinhua	$	37,300	$	-
Consolidated JV	$	37,300	$	-

NOTE 23 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Guarantees and pledged collateral for bank loans to other parties

(1) Guarantees for bank loans

	September 30,		December 31,
Guarantee provided to	2018		2017
Kandi Electric Vehicles Group Co., Ltd.		7,281,730		-
Kandi Electric Vehicles Jiangsu Co., Ltd.		7,281,730		-
Total	$	14,563,460	$	-

On March 15, 2013, the Company entered into a guarantee contract to serve as the guarantor of Nanlong Group Co., Ltd. (“NGCL”) for NGCL’s loan in the amount of $2,912,692 from Shanghai Pudong Development Bank Jinhua Branch, with a related loan period of March 15, 2013, to March 15, 2016. NGCL is not related to the Company. Under this guarantee contract, the Company agreed to assume joint liability as the loan guarantor. In April 2017, Shanghai Pudong Development Bank filed a suit against NGCL, the Company and ten other parties in Zhejiang Province People’s Court in Yongkang City, alleging NGCL defaulted on a bank loan borrowed from Shanghai Pudong Development Bank for a principal amount of approximately $2.9 million and demanding the guarantor to bear the liability for compensation. On May 27, 2017, a judicial mediation took place in Yongkang City and a mediation settlement reached in court, which the plaintiff agreed NGCL would repay the loan principal and interest plus legal expenses in installments. As of September 30, 2018, according to the enterprise credit report issued by the Credit Center of People’s Bank of China (PBOC) or the central bank of the People’s Republic of China, the Company’s guarantee for NGCL’s loan has been removed. The Company expects the likelihood of incurring losses in connection with this matter to be remote.

On September 29, 2015, the Company entered into a guarantee contract to serve as the guarantor of Zhejiang Shuguang Industrial Co., Ltd. (“ZSICL”) for a bank loan in the amount of $4,223,403 from Ping An Bank, with a related loan period of September 29, 2015, to September 28, 2016. ZSICL is not related to the Company. Under this guarantee contract, the Company agreed to perform all the obligations of ZSICL under the loan contract if ZSICL fails to perform its obligations as set forth therein. In August 2016, Ping An Bank Yiwu Branch (“Ping An Bank”) filed a suit against ZSICL, the Company, and three other parties in Zhejiang Province People’s Court in Yiwu City, alleging ZSICL defaulted on a bank loan borrowed from Pin An Bank for a principal amount of RMB 29 million or approximately $4.2 million (the “Principal”), for which the Company is a guarantor along with other three parties. On December 25, 2016, the court ruled that ZSICL should repay Ping An Bank the Principal and associated interest remaining on the bank loan within 10 days once the adjudication is effective; and the Company and other three parties, acted as guarantors, have joint liability for this bank loan. On July 31, 2017, the Company and Ping An Bank reached an agreement to settle. According to the agreement, the Company will pay Ping An Bank RMB 20 million or approximately $3.0 million in four installments before October 31, 2017 to release the Company from the guarantor liability for this default. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company has made all four installments in the total of RMB 20 million or approximately $3.0 million to Ping An Bank and thus the Company has been released from the guarantor liability for this default. According to the Company’s agreement with ZSICL, ZSICL agreed to reimburse all the Company’s losses due to ZSICL’s default on the loan principal and interests, of which RMB 9.9 million has been reimbursed to the Company as of the date of this report and the remaining RMB 10.1 million will be reimbursed in installments within next three years. The Company expects the likelihood of incurring losses in connection with this matter to be low.

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On August29, 2018, the Company entered into a guarantee contract to serve as the guarantor for the JV Company for bank loans in the aggregate amount of $3,058,327 from Bank of China, with a related loan period of August29, 2018 to February29, 2019. Under this guarantee contract, the Company agreed to perform all the obligations of the JV Company under the loan contract if the JV Company fails to perform its obligations as set forth therein.

On August30, 2018, the Company entered into a guarantee contract to serve as the guarantor for Kandi Jiangsu for bank loans in the aggregate amount of $7,281,730 from China Merchants Bank Nantong branch, with a related loan period of August31, 2018 to February28, 2019. Under this guarantee contract, the Company agreed to perform all the obligations of the JV Company under the loan contract if the Kandi Jiangsu fails to perform its obligations as set forth therein.

On September 3, 2018, the Company entered into a guarantee contract to serve as the guarantor for the JV Company for bank loans in the aggregate amount of $4,223,403 from Bank of China, with a related loan period of September 3, 2018 to March 3, 2019. Under this guarantee contract, the Company agreed to perform all the obligations of the JV Company under the loan contract if the JV Company fails to perform its obligations as set forth therein.

(2) Pledged collateral for bank loans to other parties.

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, none of the Company’s land use rights or plants and equipment were pledged as collateral securing bank loans to other parties.

Litigation

Beginning in March 2017, putative shareholder class actions were filed against Kandi Technologies Group, Inc. and certain of its current and former directors and officers in the United States District Court for the Central District of California and the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The complaints generally allege violations of the federal securities laws based Kandi’s disclosure in March 2017, that its financial statements for the years 2014, 2015and the first three quarters of 2016 would need to be restated, and seek damages on behalf of putative classes of shareholders who purchased or acquired Kandi’s securities prior to March 13, 2017. All the remaining cases are in the New York federal court, and lead plaintiff and lead counsel have been appointed.

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Beginning in May 2017, purported shareholder derivative actions based on the same underlying events described above were filed against certain current and former directors of Kandi in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Lead plaintiff and lead counsel have been appointed.

In October 2017, a shareholder filed a books and records action against the Company in the Delaware Court of Chancery pursuant to 8 Del. C. Section 220 seeking the production of certain documents generally relating to the same underlying items described above as well as attorney’s fees (the “Section 220 Litigation”). On September 28, 2018, the parties, through their respective counsel, agreed to dismiss the Section 220 Litigation with prejudice and with each party bearing its own attorney’s fees, costs, and expenses, thereby concluding the action.

The Company believes that although its financial statements for the years 2014, 2015 and the first three quarters of 2016 were restated, the restatements had no effect on its net income. The Company further believes that the claims referenced above are without merit, and it intends to defend against the lawsuits vigorously. The Company is unable to estimate the possible loss, if any, associated with this lawsuit. The ultimate outcome of any litigation is uncertain and the outcome of these matters, whether favorable or unfavorable, could have a negative impact on its financial condition or results of operations due to defense costs, diversion of management resources and other factors. Litigation can be costly, and adverse results in the cases could result in substantial monetary judgments. No assurance can be made that litigation will not have a material adverse effect on its future financial position. 

NOTE 24 - SEGMENT REPORTING

The Company has one operating segment. The Company’s revenue and long-lived assets are primarily derived from and located in China. The Company does not have manufacturing operations outside of China.

The following table sets forth disaggregation of revenue:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017
	Sales Revenue		Sales Revenue
Primary geographical markets
Overseas	$	5,849,353	$	1,218,901
China		32,146,007		27,134,998
Total	$	37,995,360	$	28,353,899
Major products
EV parts	$	32,065,497	$	27,008,051
Off-road vehicles		5,929,863		1,345,848
Total	$	37,995,360	$	28,353,899
Timing of revenue recognition
Products transferred at a point in time	$	37,995,360	$	28,353,899
Total	$	37,995,360	$	28,353,899

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017
	Sales Revenue		Sales Revenue
Primary geographical markets
Overseas	$	8,337,793	$	3,621,439
China		54,353,080		56,332,312
Total	$	62,690,873	$	59,953,751
Major products
EV parts	$	53,947,874	$	55,875,765
Off-road vehicles		8,742,999		4,077,986
Total	$	62,690,873	$	59,953,751
Timing of revenue recognition
Products transferred at a point in time	$	62,690,873	$	59,953,751
Total	$	62,690,873	$	59,953,751

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NOTE 25 - Related Party Transactions

The Board must approve all related party transactions. All material related party transactions will be made or entered into on terms that are no less favorable to the Company than can be obtained from unaffiliated third parties.

There were no sales to related parties (other than the JV Company and its subsidiaries) for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

The details for amounts due from related parties (other than the JV Company) as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as below:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
Service Company		-		162,048
Total due from related party	$	-	$	162,048

The Company had a 9.5% ownership interest in the Service Company and Mr. Hu, Chairman and CEO of the Company, has a 13% ownership interest in the Service Company. In June 2018, Kandi Vehicles transferred its 9.5% ownership interest in the Service Company to Geely Group. As a result of this transaction, the amounts due from related party in connection with the Service Company were transferred to accounts receivable. The main transactions between the Company and the Service Company are purchases by the Service Company of batteries and EV parts.

For transactions with the JV Company, please refer to Note 22.

NOTE 26 - Acquisitions

Jinhua An Kao

On January 3, 2018, Kandi Vehicles completed the acquisition of 100% of the equity of Jinhua An Kao Power Technology Co., Ltd., located in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, China. Jinhua An Kao manufactures and markets a unique system of pure electric car battery replacement technologies including an intelligent constant-temperature charging station, a 50-100 channel intelligent battery charging system, a car battery replacement tool, and a car washing machine. Jinhua An Kao also owns plug-in and soft-connection PACK technology. The acquisition is intended to strengthen Kandi’s EV battery exchange offerings in order to be the best available in the market. The Company paid approximately RMB 25.93 million (approximately $4 million) at the closing of the transaction using cash on hand and issued a total of 2,959,837 shares of restrictive stock or 6.2% of the Company’s total outstanding shares of the common stock valued at approximately $20.7 million to the former shareholder of Jinhua An Kao and his designees (the “An Kao Shareholders”), and may be required to pay future consideration up to an additional 2,959,837 shares of common stock, which are being held in escrow, to be released contingent upon the achievement of certain net income-based milestones in next three years. Any escrowed shares that are not released from escrow to the An Kao Shareholders for failure to achieve the milestones will be forfeited and returned to the Company for cancellation. While the escrowed shares are held in escrow, the Company will retain all voting rights with respect to the shares. 

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As of the acquisition date, the Company recorded a contingent liability of approximately $8.71 million, representing the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration the Company currently expects to pay to the An Kao Shareholders upon the achievement of certain net income-based milestones. The Supplementary Agreement sets forth the terms and conditions of the issuance of these shares. The fair value of the contingent consideration liability associated with additional 2,959,837 shares of restrictive common stock was estimated by using Monte Carlo simulation method, which took into account all possible scenarios. This fair value measurement is classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy prescribed by ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures. In accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations, the Company will re-measure this liability each reporting period and record changes in the fair value through a separate line item within the Company’s consolidated statements of Income. During the first nine months of 2018, the Company recorded a gain of approximately $2.60 million in the accompanying statements of income representing the decrease in fair value of this obligation between the acquisition date and September 30, 2018, which was largely due to the decline of the Company’s stock price during the period.

The components of the preliminary purchase price as of the acquisition date for Jinhua An Kao are as follows:

Cash	$	3,988,765
Stock awards		20,718,859
Fair value of contingent consideration		8,712,996
Total	$	33,420,620

The Company accounted for the acquisition as business combinations and, in accordance with ASC Topic 805. The Company has recorded the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their respective fair values as of the acquisition date. The following summarizes the preliminary purchase price allocations:

	Jinhua An Kao
Goodwill	$	24,216,559
Amortizable intangible assets		4,892,165
Other net assets		5,552,986
Deferred  income taxes		(1,241,090	)
Total	$	33,420,620

Transaction costs of $33,295 associated with the acquisition were expensed as incurred through general and administrative expenses in the statement of income in 2018.

The Company allocated the preliminary purchase price to specific intangible asset categories as of the acquisition date for Jinhua An Kao as follows:

	Amount Assigned		Estimated useful life  (in years)
Amortizable intangible assets:
Patents	$	4,892,165	7.5 – 9.17

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The Company allocated the preliminary purchase price to specific intangible assets for patents that the Company acquired. The Company believes that the estimated intangible asset value so determined represent the fair value at the date of acquisition and do not exceed the amount a third party would pay for the assets. The Company used the asset based approach to derive the fair value of the amortizable intangible assets. These fair value measurements are based on significant unobservable inputs, including estimates and assumptions and, accordingly, are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy prescribed by the ASC Topic 820.

The Company recorded the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the identified assets as goodwill, which is non-deductible for tax purposes. Goodwill was established due to primarily to revenue and earnings projections associated with Jinhua An Kao’s future operations, as well as synergies expected to be gained from the integration of the business into the Company’s existed operations.

The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements included approximately $9 million of revenue and approximately $0.1 million of operating income related to the operating results for Jinhua An Kao from its date of acquisition.

The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations of Kandi and the Acquired Business as if the acquisition had occurred as of January 1, 2017. The pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of what the financial position or results of operations actually would have been had the acquisition been completed as of January 1, 2017. In addition, the unaudited pro forma financial information is not indicative of, nor does it purport to project, the future financial position or operation results of Kandi. The unaudited pro forma financial information excludes acquisition and integration costs and does not give effect to any estimated and potential cost savings or other operating efficiencies that could result from acquisition.

Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statements of Operations Information

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017
Revenue	$	62,690,873		$	68,646,884
INCOME(LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS	$	(4,855,157	)	$	(29,634,671	)
NET INCOME(LOSS)	$	(1,418,879	)	$	(33,080,736	)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING BASIC	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.65	)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING DILUTED	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.65	)

SC Autosports

On July 1, 2018, Kandi Vehicles completed the acquisition of 100% of the equity of SC Autosports (formerly Sportsman Country). SC Autosports is a Dallas TX based sales company primarily engaged in the wholesale of off-road vehicle products, with a small percentage of business in off-road vehicle parts wholesale and retail. The acquisition is an entry point to gain a compelling opportunity for business integration and market expansion in America which will provide Kandi a solid foundation for future strategic business development. The Company issued a total of 171,969 shares of restrictive stock or approximately 0.3% of the Company’s total outstanding shares of the common stock valued at approximately $0.8 million at the closing of transaction to the former members of SC Autosportswithin30 days from the signing date of the Transfer Agreement, and may be required to pay future consideration up to an additional 1,547,721 shares of common stock, which are being held in escrow, to be released contingent upon the achievement of certain pre-tax profit based milestones in next three years. Any escrowed shares that are not released from escrow to the SC Autosports former members for failure to achieve the milestones will be forfeited and returned to the Company for cancellation. While the escrowed shares are held in escrow, the Company will retain all voting rights with respect to the shares. 

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As of the acquisition date, the Company recorded a contingent liability of approximately $5.3 million, representing the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration the Company currently expects to pay to SC Autosports’ former members upon the achievement of certain net income-based milestones. The Transfer Agreement sets forth the terms and conditions of the issuance of these shares. The fair value of the contingent consideration liability associated with additional 1,547,721 shares of restrictive common stock was estimated by using Monte Carlo simulation method, which took into account all possible scenarios. This fair value measurement is classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy prescribed by ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures. In accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations, the Company will re-measure this liability each reporting period and record changes in the fair value through a separate line item within the Company’s consolidated statements of Income. During the third quarter of 2018, the Company recorded a loss of approximately $0.78 million in the accompanying statements of income representing the increase in fair value of this obligation between the acquisition date and September 30, 2018, which was largely due to the increase of the Company’s stock price during the period.

The components of the preliminary purchase price as of the acquisition date for SC Autosports are as follows:

	SC Autosports
Stock awards	$	756,664
Fair value of contingent consideration		5,306,293
Total	$	6,062,957

The Company accounted for the acquisition as business combinations and, in accordance with ASC Topic 805. The Company has recorded the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their respective fair values as of the acquisition date. The following summarizes the preliminary purchase price allocations:

	SC Autosports
Goodwill	$	5,240,359
Other net assets		822,598
Total	$	6,062,957

Transaction costs of $8,256 associated with the acquisition were expensed as incurred through general and administrative expenses in the statement of income in 2018.

The Company recorded the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the identified assets as goodwill, which is non-deductible for tax purposes. Goodwill was established due to primarily to revenue and earnings projections associated with SC Autosports’ future operations, as well as synergies expected to be gained from the integration of the business into the Company’s existed operations.

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The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements included approximately $4.4 million of revenue and approximately $0.3 million of operating income related to the operating results for SC Autosports from its date of acquisition.

The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations of Kandi and the Acquired Business as if the acquisition had occurred as of January 1, 2017. The pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of what the financial position or results of operations actually would have been had the acquisition been completed as of January 1, 2017. In addition, the unaudited pro forma financial information is not indicative of, nor does it purport to project, the future financial position or operation results of Kandi. The unaudited pro forma financial information excludes acquisition and integration costs and does not give effect to any estimated and potential cost savings or other operating efficiencies that could result from acquisition.

Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statements of Operations Information

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017
Revenue	$	70,789,131		$	71,123,168
INCOME(LOSS) FROM  OPERATIONS	$	(4,736,390	)	$	(29,406,007	)
NET INCOME(LOSS)	$	(1,300,112	)	$	(32,834,460	)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING BASIC	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.68	)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING DILUTED	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.68	)

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Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws that relate to future events or our future financial performance. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology, such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “could,” “expect,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “project,” “predict,” “intend,” “potential” or “continue” or the negative of such terms or other comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain such terms.

In addition, these forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding implementing our business strategy; development and marketing of our products; our estimates of future revenue and profitability; our expectations regarding future expenses, including research and development, sales and marketing, manufacturing and general and administrative expenses; difficulty or inability to raise additional financing, if needed, on terms acceptable to us; our estimates regarding our capital requirements and our needs for additional financing; attracting and retaining customers and employees; sources of revenue and anticipated revenue; and competition in our market.

Forward-looking statements are only predictions. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. All of our forward-looking information is subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results expected. Although it is not possible to identify all factors, these risks and uncertainties include the risk factors and the timing of any of those risk factors described in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 and those set forth from time to time in our other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). These documents are available on the SEC’s Electronic Data Gathering and Analysis Retrieval System at http://www.sec.gov.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

This section should be read together with the Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the attached consolidated financial statements included in this report.

Estimates affecting accounts receivable and inventories

The preparation of our consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect our reporting of assets and liabilities (and contingent assets and liabilities). These estimates are particularly significant where they affect the reported net realizable value of our accounts receivable and inventories.

Accounts receivable are recognized and carried at net realizable value. An allowance for doubtful accounts is recorded in the period when a loss is probable based on an assessment of specific factors, such as troubled collection, historical experience, accounts aging, ongoing business relations and other factors. Accounts are written off after exhaustive efforts at collection. If accounts receivable are to be provided for, or written off, they would be recognized in the consolidated statement of operations within operating expenses. We had an allowance for doubtful accounts of $319,421 and $133,930 as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, in accordance with our management’s judgment based on their best knowledge.

Inventory is stated at the lower of cost, determined on a weighted average basis, or net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less the estimated cost of completion and the estimated costs necessary to make the sale. Adjustments to reduce the cost of inventory to its net realizable value are made, if required, for estimated excess, obsolescence, or impaired balances. When inventories are sold, their carrying amount is charged to expense in the year in which the revenue is recognized. Write-downs for declines in net realizable value or for losses of inventories are recognized as an expense in the year the impairment or loss occurs. There was a $662,769 and $620,919 of decline in net realizable value of inventory as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, due to our provision for slow moving inventory.

Although we believe that there is little likelihood that actual results will differ materially from our current estimates, if customer demand for our products decreases significantly in the near future, or if the financial condition of our customers deteriorates in the near future, we could realize significant write downs for slow-moving inventories or uncollectible accounts receivable.

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Policy affecting recognition of revenue

Our revenue recognition policy plays a key role in our consolidated financial statements.

We recognize revenue when goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration which it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In determining when and how revenue is recognized from contracts with customers, we perform the following five-step analysis: (i) identification of contract with customer; (ii) determination of performance obligations; (iii) measurement of the transaction price; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recognition of revenue when (or as) we satisfy each performance obligation.

We generate revenue through the sale of EV products, EV parts and off-road vehicles and our revenue recognition policies for our EV products, EV parts and off-road vehicles are the same. The revenue is recognized at a point in time once we have determined that the customer has obtained control over the product. Control is typically deemed to have been transferred to the customer when the performance obligation is fulfilled, usually at the time of delivery, at the net sales price (transaction price). Estimates of variable consideration, such as volume discounts and rebates, are determined, reviewed and revised periodically by management. Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. Shipping and handling costs for product shipments occur prior to the customer obtaining control of the goods are accounted for as fulfillment costs rather than separate performance obligations and recorded as sales and marketing expenses.

Policy affecting options, warrants and convertible notes

Our stock option cost is recorded in accordance with ASC 718 and ASC 505. The fair value of stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes-Merton model. Our expected volatility assumption is based on the historical volatility of our stock. The expected life assumption is primarily based on the expiration date of the option. The risk-free interest rate for the expected term of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. Stock option expense recognition is based on awards expected to vest. There were no estimated forfeitures. ASC standards require forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised in subsequent periods, if necessary, if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

Our warrant costs are recorded in liabilities and equities, respectively, in accordance with ASC 480, ASC 505 and ASC 815. The fair value of a warrant, which is classified as a liability, is estimated using the Binomial Tree model and the lattice valuation model. Our expected volatility assumption is based on the historical volatility of our common stock. The expected life assumption is primarily based on the expiration date of the warrant. The risk-free interest rate for the expected term of the warrant is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of measurement. Our warrants, which are freestanding derivatives classified as liabilities on the balance sheet, are measured at fair value on each reporting date, with decreases in fair value recognized in earnings and increases in fair values recognized in expenses.

The fair value of equity-based warrants, which are not considered derivatives under ASC 815, is estimated using the Black-Scholes -Merton model. Our expected volatility assumption is based on the historical volatility of our common stock. The expected life assumption is primarily based on the expiration date of the warrant. The risk-free interest rate for the expected term of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.

In accordance with ASC 815, the conversion feature of the convertible notes is separated from the debt instrument and accounted for separately as a derivative instrument. On the date the convertible notes are issued, the conversion feature is recorded as a liability at its fair value, and future decreases in fair value are recognized in earnings while increases in fair values are recognized in expenses. We used the Black-Scholes -Merton option-pricing model to obtain the fair value of the conversion feature. The expected volatility assumption is based on the historical volatility of our common stock. The expected life assumption is primarily based on the expiration date of the conversion features. The risk-free interest rate for the expected term of the conversion features is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of measurement.

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Warranty Liability

Most of our non-EV products (“Legacy Products”) are exported out of China to foreign countries that have legal and regulatory requirements with which we are not familiar. The development of warranty policies for our Legacy Products in each of these countries would be virtually impossible and prohibitively expensive. Therefore, we provide price incentives and free parts to our customers and in exchange, our customers establish appropriate warranty policies and assume warranty responsibilities.

Consequently, warranty issues are taken into consideration during price negotiations for our products. Free parts are delivered along with the products, and when products are sold, the related parts are recorded as cost of goods sold. Due to the reliability of our products, we have been able to maintain this warranty policy and we have not had any product liability attributed to our products.

For the EV products that we sell in China, we provide a three year or 50,000 kilometer manufacturer warranty. This warranty affects the Company through our participation and investment in the JV Company, which manufactures the EV products.

Results of Operations

Overview

We are one of the leading manufacturers of EV products (through the JV Company), EV parts and off-road vehicles in China. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recognized total revenue of $62,690,873 as compared to $59,953,751 for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, an increase of $2,737,122, or 4.6%. During the third quarter, the JV Company’s new EV models obtained all required approvals from MIIT for both Directory of Recommended Models for New Energy Vehicles and the Tax Exemption, and are now available for sale on the market, which laid a solid foundation for Kandi’s growth going forward. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded $9,646,012 of gross profits, an increase of $390,251 or 4.2% from the same period of 2017.Gross margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and September 30, 2017 remained the same, at 15.4% for both periods. We recorded a net loss of $1,418,879 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, compared to net loss of $33,793,376 in the same period of 2017, largely due to reduced losses from the JV Company and R&D expenses this period as compared to the same period of last year.

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Comparison of the Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017

The following table sets forth the amounts and percentage relationship to revenue of certain items in our condensed consolidated statements of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

	Three Months Ended
	September 30, 2018			% of Revenue			September 30, 2017			% of Revenue			Change in Amount			Change in %
REVENUES FROM UNRELATED PARTY, NET		14,860,034			39.1	%		6,604,109			23.3	%		8,255,925			125.0	%
REVENUES FROM JV COMPANY AND RELATED PARTY, NET		23,135,326			60.9	%		21,749,790			76.7	%		1,385,536			6.4	%
REVENUES, NET		37,995,360						28,353,899						9,641,461			34.0	%
COST OF GOODS SOLD		(31,753,311	)		(83.6	)%		(23,522,406	)		(83.0	)%		(8,230,905	)		35.0	%
GROSS PROFIT		6,242,049			16.4	%		4,831,493			17.0	%		1,410,556			29.2	%
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Research and development		(5,691,649	)		(15.0	)%		(657,851	)		(2.3	)%		(5,033,798	)		765.2	%
Selling and marketing		(898,896	)		(2.4	)%		(216,351	)		(0.8	)%		(682,545	)		315.5	%
General and administrative		(2,070,947	)		(5.5	)%		(2,196,201	)		(7.7	)%		125,254			(5.7	)%
Total Operating Expenses		(8,661,492	)		(22.8	)%		(3,070,403	)		(10.8	)%		(5,591,089	)		182.1	%
(LOSS) INCOME FROM OPERATIONS		(2,419,443	)		(6.4	)%		1,761,090			6.2	%		(4,180,533	)		(237.4	)%
OTHER INCOME(EXPENSE):
Interest income		52,745			0.1	%		619,923			2.2	%		(567,178	)		(91.5	)%
Interest expense		(483,376	)		(1.3	)%		(598,523	)		(2.1	)%		115,147			(19.2	)%
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		(1,552,686	)		(4.1	)%		-			0.0	%		(1,552,686	)		-
Government grants		607,008			1.6	%		474,950			1.7	%		132,058			27.8	%
Share of (loss) income after tax of JV		(3,247,343	)		(8.5	)%		444,181			1.6	%		(3,691,524	)		(831.1	)%
Other income (expense), net		15,735			0.0	%		(6,560	)		(0.0	)%		22,295			(339.9	)%
Total other (expense) income, net		(4,607,917	)		(12.1	)%		933,971			3.3	%		(5,541,888	)		(593.4	)%
(LOSS) INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES		(7,027,360	)		(18.5	)%		2,695,061			9.5	%		(9,722,421	)		(360.7	)%
INCOME TAX BENEFIT (EXPENSE)		505,961			1.3	%		(776,985	)		(2.7	)%		1,282,946			(165.1	)%
NET (LOSS) INCOME		(6,521,399	)		(17.2	)%		1,918,076			6.8	%		(8,439,475	)		(440.0	)%

(a) Revenue

For the three months ended September 30, 2018, our revenue was $37,995,360 compared to $28,353,899 for the same period of 2017, an increase of $9,641,461 or 34.0%. The increase in revenue was mainly due to the increase in EV parts and off-road vehicles sales during this quarter. The selling prices of our products for the three months ended September 30, 2018 decreased on average from the same period last year. The increase in revenue was primarily due to the increase of sales volume.

The following table summarizes our revenues by product types for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017
	Sales		Sales
EV parts	$	32,065,497	$	27,008,051
Off-road vehicles		5,929,863		1,345,848
Total	$	37,995,360	$	28,353,899

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EV Parts

During the three months ended September 30, 2018, our revenues from the sale of EV parts were $32,065,497, representing an increase of $5,057,446 or 18.7% from $27,008,051 for the same quarter of 2017, which was largely due to the increased orders from the JV Company.

Our revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2018 primarily consisted of the sales of battery packs, body parts, EV controllers, air conditioning units and other auto parts for use in the manufacturing of EV products, which accounted for 84.4% of total sales. Among total sales for the three months ended September 30, 2018, approximately 67.3% were related to the sale of battery packs. In compliance with the regulation of the Chinese auto industry, we hold the necessary production licenses to manufacture the battery packs exclusively used in EV products manufactured by the JV Company. Besides the sale of battery packs, approximately 7.0% of total sales were related to sales of EV controllers, approximately 4.2% of the total sales were related to sales of air conditioning units, approximately 5.2% of total sales were related to sales of EV drive motors and approximately 0.7% of total sales were related to sales of body parts and other auto parts.

During the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, our revenues from the sale of EV parts to the JV Company and its subsidiaries accounted for approximately 61% and 77% of our total net revenue for the quarter, respectively. The EV parts we sold to the JV Company were used in manufacturing pure EV products by the JV Company’s subsidiaries.

Off-Road Vehicles

During the three months ended September 30, 2018, our revenues from the sale of off-road vehicles including go karts, all-terrain vehicles (“ATVs”), and others, were $5,929,863, representing an increase of $4,584,015 or 340.6% from $1,345,848 for the same quarter of 2017. The increase in revenue of off-road vehicles was largely due to the additional sales from SC Autosports that was acquired in July 2018.

Our off-road vehicles business line accounted for approximately 15.6% of our total net revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2018. Of our off-road vehicle revenue, our ATV business accounted for approximately 12.9% of our total net revenue, our go-kart business accounted for approximately 2.6% of our total net revenue.

The following table shows the breakdown of our net revenues:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017
	Sales Revenue		Sales Revenue
Primary geographical markets
Overseas	$	5,849,353	$	1,218,901
China		32,146,007		27,134,998
Total	$	37,995,360	$	28,353,899
Major products
EV parts	$	32,065,497	$	27,008,051
Off-road vehicles		5,929,863		1,345,848
Total	$	37,995,360	$	28,353,899
Timing of revenue recognition
Products transferred at a point in time	$	37,995,360	$	28,353,899
Total	$	37,995,360	$	28,353,899

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(b) Cost of goods sold

Cost of goods sold was $31,753,311 during the three months ended September 30, 2018, representing an increase of $8,230,905, or 35.0%, compared to $23,522,406 for the same period of 2017. The increase was primarily due to the corresponding increase in sales. Please refer to the Gross Profit section below for product margin analysis.

(c) Gross profit

Our margins by product for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 are as set forth below:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2018									2017
	Sales		Cost		Gross Profit		Margin %			Sales		Cost		Gross Profit		Margin %
EV parts	$	32,065,497		27,268,332		4,797,165		15.0	%	$	27,008,051		22,349,887		4,658,164		17.2	%
Off-road vehicles		5,929,863		4,484,979		1,444,884		24.4	%		1,345,848		1,172,519		173,329		12.9	%
Total	$	37,995,360		31,753,311		6,242,049		16.4	%	$	28,353,899		23,522,406		4,831,493		17.0	%

Gross profit for the third quarter of 2018 increased 29.2% to $6,242,049, compared to $4,831,493 for the same period last year. This was primarily attributable to the sales increase. Although our gross margin for EV parts decreased to 15.0% in the third quarter because of the decrease in selling prices on average, the gross margin for off-road vehicles increased significantly to 24.4% in the third quarter compared to the same quarter of last year. Overall, our gross margin decreased to 16.4% compared to 17.0% for the same period of 2017, which was mainly due to the vast majority of gross profits came from less profitable EV parts business in the three months ended September 30, 2018. 

(d) Research and development

Research and development expenses, including materials, labor, equipment depreciation, design, testing, inspection, and other related expenses totaled $5,691,649 for the third quarter of 2018, an increase of $5,033,798 or 765.2% compared to $657,851 for the same period of last year. This increase was primarily due to the R&D works related to the development of EV Model K23 at Hainan facility expensed in the three months ended September 30, 2018. Currently, the most of development works of EV Model K23 has been completed. For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, approximately 76.2% and 0% of our research and development expenses were spent on the research and development of EV Model K23 at Hainan facility, respectively, and the rest was spent on other various EV and off-road vehicles research and development projects.

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(e) Sales and marketing

Sales and marketing expenses were $898,896 for the third quarter of 2018, compared to $216,351 for the same period last year, an increase of $682,545 or 315.5%. This increase was primarily attributable to the additional sales and marketing expenses related to our newly acquired SC Autosports’ operations and the increase in product maintenance expenses for batteries and shipping costs during this period because of increased sales this quarter as compared to the same quarter of last year.

(f) General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses were $2,070,947 for the third quarter of 2018, compared to $2,196,201 for the same period of last year, a decrease in expenses of $125,254 or 5.7%. For the three months ended September 30, 2018, general and administrative expenses included $31,675 in expenses for common stock awards to employees and Board members, compared to $1,029,171of common stock awards and stock options expenses for the same period in 2017. Excluding stock compensation expense, our net general and administrative expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2018 were $2,039,272, an increase of $872,242, from $1,167,030 for the same period of 2017, which was largely due to the increased amortization expenses for intangible assets and additional G&A expenses from our newly acquired SC Autosports’ operations, of which the majority were salaries.

(g) Interest income

Interest income was $52,745 for the third quarter of 2018, a decrease of $567,178 or 91.5% compared to $619,923 for the same period of last year. This decrease was primarily attributable to decreased interests earned on the loans lent to the JV Company as the loans were converted to the JV Company’s registered capital.

(h) Interest expenses

Interest expenses were $483,376 in the third quarter of 2018, a decrease of $115,147 or 19.2% compared to $598,523 for the same period of last year. This decrease was primarily due to less interest expenses incurred associated with the note payable to a third party. Of the interest expenses, $24,930 and $608 were discounts associated with the settlement of bank acceptance notes for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. 

(i) Change in fair value of contingent consideration

For the third quarter of 2018, the loss related to changes in the fair value of contingent consideration was $1,552,686, which was mainly the result of the increase in fair value of contingent liability during the third quarter for the acquisitions.

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(j) Government grants

Government grants were $607,008 for the third quarter of 2018, compared to $474,950 for the same quarter last year, representing an increase of $132,058, or 27.8%, which was largely due to the technical project subsidies received by KandiHainan and the refunds of 2017 land use taxes received by Kandi Vehicles during the third quarter.

(k) Share of income (loss) after tax of the JV Company

For the third quarter of 2018, the JV Company’s net sales were $19,880,543, gross profit was $3,133,283, and net loss was $5,860,746. We accounted for our investments in the JV Company under the equity method of accounting because we have a 50% ownership interest in the JV Company. As a result, we recorded 50% of the JV Company’s loss for $2,930,373 for the third quarter of 2018. After eliminating intra-entity profits and losses, our share of loss after tax of the JV Company was $3,247,343 for the third quarter of 2018, a decrease of $3,691,524 compared to $444,181 of share of income after tax of the JV Company in the same period of last year. The increase of the JV Company’s loss was largely due to the JV Company’s new EV models awaiting MIIT’s approval to be included in the Directory of Recommended Models for Energy Saving and New Energy Vehicle Demonstration and Promotion, as well as approval of purchase tax exemption in the third quarter.

During the third quarter of 2018, the JV Company sold a total of 1,502 units of EV products in the PRC.

(l) Other income, net

Net other income was $15,735 for the third quarter of 2018, an increase of $22,295 or 339.9% compared to net other expense of $6,560 for the same period of last year.

(m) Income Taxes

In accordance with the relevant Chinese tax laws and regulations, our applicable corporate income tax rate is 25%. However, Kandi Vehicles is qualified as a high technology enterprise in China and is therefore entitled to use a reduced income tax rate of 15%.

Each of our wholly-owned or partially-owned subsidiaries, Kandi New Energy, YongkangScrou, Kandi Hainan and Jinhua An Kao, has an applicable corporate income tax rate of 25%.SC Autosports is a Dallas TX based company, which has an applicable corporate income tax rate of 21%.

We have a 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, which has an applicable corporate income tax rate of 25%. Each of the JV Company’s subsidiaries has an applicable corporate income tax rate of 25% as well.

Our actual effective income tax rate for the third quarter of 2018 was a tax benefit of 7.20% on a reported loss before taxes of approximately $7.0 million, compared to an effective income tax rate with a tax expense of 28.82% on a reported income before taxes of approximately $2.7 million for the same period of last year.

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(n) Net income (loss)

Net loss was $6,521,399 for the third quarter of 2018, a decrease of $8,439,475 compared to net income $1,918,076 for the same period of last year. The increase of loss was primarily attributable to the loss from the JV Company and increased R&D expenses this period as compared to the same period of last year.

Excluding (i) the effects of stock compensation expenses, which were $31,675 and $1,029,171 for the third quarter of 2018 and 2017, respectively, and (ii) the change in fair value of contingent consideration which was a loss of $1,552,686 and $0 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, our non-GAAP net loss was $4,937,038 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to non-GAAP net income $2,947,247 for the same period of 2017, a decrease of $7,884,285, or 267.5%. The increase in net loss (non-GAAP) was primarily attributable to loss from the JV Company and increased R&D expenses this period as compared to the same period of last year.

We make reference to certain non-GAAP financial measures, i.e., adjusted net income. Management believes that such adjusted financial results are useful for investors in evaluating our operating performance because they present a meaningful measure of corporate performance. See the non-GAAP reconciliation table below. Any non-GAAP measures should not be considered as a substitute for, and should only be read in conjunction with, measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with the GAAP

The following table summarizes our non-GAAP net income for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

	Three Months Ended
	September 30,
	2018			2017
GAAP net (loss) income	$	(6,521,399	)	$	1,918,076
Stock compensation expenses		31,675			1,029,171
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		1,552,686			-
Non-GAAP net (loss) income	$	(4,937,038	)	$	2,947,247

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Comparison of the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017

The following table sets forth the amounts and percentage relationship to revenue of certain items in our condensed consolidated statements of income (loss) and comprehensive income (loss) for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018			% of Revenue			September 30, 2017			% of Revenue			Change in Amount			Change in %
REVENUES FROM UNRELATED PARTY, NET	$	32,211,352			51.4	%	$	10,720,595			17.9	%		21,490,757			200.5	%
REVENUES FROM JV COMPANY AND RELATED PARTY, NET		30,479,521			48.6	%		49,233,156			82.1	%		(18,753,635	)		(38.1	)%
REVENUES, NET		62,690,873			100.0	%		59,953,751			100.0	%		2,737,122			4.6	%
COST OF GOODS SOLD		(53,044,861	)		(84.6	)%		(50,697,990	)		(84.6	)%		(2,346,871	)		4.6	%
GROSS PROFIT		9,646,012			15.4	%		9,255,761			15.4	%		390,251			4.2	%
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Research and development		(7,091,836	)		(11.3	)%		(26,569,624	)		(44.3	)%		19,477,788			(73.3	)%
Selling and marketing		(1,875,294	)		(3.0	)%		(976,913	)		(1.6	)%		(898,381	)		92.0	%
General and administrative		(5,534,039	)		(8.8	)%		(12,074,147	)		(20.1	)%		6,540,108			(54.2	)%
Total Operating Expenses		(14,501,169	)		(23.1	)%		(39,620,684	)		(66.1	)%		25,119,515			(63.4	)%
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS		(4,855,157	)		(7.7	)%		(30,364,923	)		(50.6	)%		25,509,766			(84.0	)%
OTHER INCOME(EXPENSE):
Interest income		1,452,522			2.3	%		1,709,990			2.9	%		(257,468	)		(15.1	)%
Interest expense		(1,505,409	)		(2.4	)%		(1,761,786	)		(2.9	)%		256,377			(14.6	)%
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		1,814,326			2.9	%		-			0.0	%		1,814,326			-
Government grants		717,821			1.1	%		5,804,561			9.7	%		(5,086,740	)		(87.6	)%
Share of (loss) after tax of JV		(79,592	)		(0.1	)%		(13,455,786	)		(22.4	)%		13,376,194			(99.4	)%
Other income, net		666,294			1.1	%		143,617			0.2	%		522,677			363.9	%
Total other income (expense), net		3,065,962			4.9	%		(7,559,404	)		(12.6	)%		10,625,366			(140.6	)%
LOSS BEFORE INCOME TAXES		(1,789,195	)		(2.9	)%		(37,924,327	)		(63.3	)%		36,135,132			(95.3	)%
INCOME TAX BENEFIT		370,316			0.6	%		4,130,951			6.9	%		(3,760,635	)		(91.0	)%
NET LOSS		(1,418,879	)		(2.3	)%		(33,793,376	)		(56.4	)%		32,374,497			(95.8	)%

(a) Revenue

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, our revenue was $62,690,873 compared to 59,953,751 for the same period of 2017, an increase of $2,737,122 or 4.6%. The increase in revenue was mainly due to the increase in off-road vehicles sales during this period. The selling prices of our products for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 decreased on average from the same period last year. The increase in revenue was primarily due to the increase of sales volume.

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The following table summarizes our revenues by product types for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

	Nine Months Ended September 30
	2018		2017
	Sales Revenue		Sales Revenue
Primary geographical markets	$	62,690,873	$	59,953,751
Overseas	$	8,337,793	$	3,621,439
China		54,353,080		56,332,312
Total	$	62,690,873	$	59,953,751
Major products
EV parts	$	53,947,874	$	55,875,765
Off-road vehicles		8,742,999		4,077,986
Total	$	62,690,873	$	59,953,751
Timing of revenue recognition
Products transferred at a point in time	$	62,690,873	$	59,953,751
Total	$	62,690,873	$	59,953,751

EV Parts

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, our revenues from the sale of EV parts were $53,947,874, representing a decrease of $1,927,891 or 3.5% from $55,875,765 for the same period of 2017.

Our revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 primarily consisted of the sales of battery packs, body parts, EV controllers, air conditioning units and other auto parts for use in the manufacturing of EV products, which accounted for 86.1% of total sales. Among total sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, approximately 71.1% were related to the sale of battery packs. Besides the sale of battery packs, approximately 5.1% of total sales were related to sales of EV controllers, approximately 4.1% of the total sales were related to sales of air conditioning units, approximately 4.4% of total sales were related to sales of EV drive motors and approximately 1.4% of total sales were related to sales of body parts and other auto parts.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, our revenues from the sale of EV parts to the JV Company and its subsidiaries accounted for approximately 49% and 82% of our total net revenue for the period, respectively. The EV parts we sold to the JV Company were used in manufacturing pure EV products by the JV Company’s subsidiaries.

Off-Road Vehicles

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, our revenues from the sale of off-road vehicles including go karts, all-terrain vehicles (“ATVs”), and others, were $8,742,999, representing an increase of $4,665,013 or 114.4% from $4,077,986 for the same period of 2017, which was largely due to the additional sales from SC Autosports.

Our off-road vehicles business line accounted for approximately 13.9% of our total net revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Of our off-road vehicle revenue, our go-kart business accounted for approximately 4.7% of our total net revenue, and our ATV business accounted for approximately 9.2% of our total net revenue.

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The following table shows the breakdown of our net revenues:

(b) Cost of goods sold

Cost of goods sold was $53,044,861 during the nine months ended September 30, 2018, representing an increase of $2,346,871, or 4.6%, compared to $50,697,990 for the same period of 2017. The increase was primarily due to the corresponding increase in sales. Please refer to the below Gross Profit section for product margin analysis.

(c) Gross profit

Our margins by product for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 are as set forth below:

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018									2017
	Sales		Cost		Gross Profit		Margin %			Sales		Cost		Gross Profit		Margin %
EV parts	$	53,947,874		46,093,092		7,854,782		14.6	%	$	55,875,765		47,147,335		8,728,430		15.6	%
Off-road vehicles		8,742,999		6,951,769		1,791,230		20.5	%		4,077,986		3,550,655		527,331		12.9	%
Total	$	62,690,873		53,044,861		9,646,012		15.4	%	$	59,953,751		50,697,990		9,255,761		15.4	%

Gross profit for the first three quarters of 2018 increased4.2% to $9,646,012, compared to $9,255,761 for the same period last year. This was primarily attributable to the sales increase in off-road vehicles. Our gross margin remained at15.4% compared to 15.4% for the same period of 2017.Although the vast majority of gross profits came from less profitable EV parts business in the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the off-road vehicles business became more profitable this period and contributed more gross profits compared to that for the same period of last year, which was largely due to the addition of SC Autosports’ business.

(d) Research and development

Research and development expenses, including materials, labor, equipment depreciation, design, testing, inspection, and other related expenses totaled $7,091,836 for the first three quarters of 2018, a decrease of $19,477,788 or 73.3% compared to $26,569,624 for the same period of last year. This decrease was primarily due to the completion of most R&D works and the significant decrease in research and development expenses related to the development of EV Model K23 at Hainan facility for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, approximately 61.2% and 96.5% of our research and development expenses were spent on the research and development of EV Model K23 at Hainan facility, respectively, and the rest was spent on other various EV and off-road vehicles research and development projects.

(e) Sales and marketing

Sales and marketing expenses were $1,875,294 for the first three quarters of 2018, compared to $976,913 for the same period last year, an increase of $898,381 or 92.0%.This increase was primarily attributable to the increase in shipping costs and sales labor as compared to last year. The additional sales and marketing expenses from newly acquired SC Autosports also contributed this increase.

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(f) General and administrative expenses

General and administrative expenses were $5,534,039 for the first three quarters of 2018, compared to $12,074,147 for the same period of last year, a decrease in expenses of $6,540,108or 54.2%. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, general and administrative expenses included $2,898,811 in expenses for common stock awards and stock options to employees and Board members net of $2,644,877 of reversal of previously accrued stock option expenses for forfeited stock option, compared to $5,522,358 of common stock awards and stock options expenses for the same period in 2017. Excluding stock compensation expense, our net general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were $5,280,105, a decrease of $1,271,684, or 19.4%, from $6,551,789 for the same period of 2017, which was largely because we accrued contingent loss of approximately $2.9 million in connection with litigation last year. However, the increased labor costs and amortization expenses for intangible assets this period partially offset this impact.

(g) Interest income

Interest income was $1,452,522 for the first three quarters of 2018, a decrease of $257,468 or 15.1% compared to $1,709,990 for the same period of last year. This decrease was primarily attributable to decreased interests earned on loans to the JV Company and bank deposits.

(h) Interest expenses

Interest expenses were $1,505,409 in the first three quarters of 2018, a decrease of $256,377 or 14.6% compared to $1,761,786 for the same period of last year. This decrease was primarily due to less interest expenses incurred associated with the note payable to a third party. Of the interest expenses, $78,272, and $62,191 were discounts associated with the settlement of bank acceptance notes for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. 

(i) Change in fair value of contingent consideration

For the first three quarters of 2018, the gain related to changes in the fair value of contingent consideration was $1,814,326, which was mainly the result of the decrease in fair value of contingent liability between the acquisition date and September 30, 2018 for the acquisition of JinhuaAn Kao.

(j) Government grants

Government grants were $717,821 for the first three quarters of 2018, compared to $5,804,561for the same period last year, representing a decrease of $5,086,740, or 87.6%.This decrease in government grants was primarily because there were significant amount of government subsidies we received from Hainan provincial government to assist our development of new EV model last year.

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(k) Share of income (loss) after tax of the JV Company

For the first three quarters of 2018, the JV Company’s net sales were $73,292,774, gross profit was $4,007,896, and net loss was $87,969. We accounted for our investments in the JV Company under the equity method of accounting because we have a 50% ownership interest in the JV Company. As a result, we recorded 50% of the JV Company’s loss for $43,985 for the first three quarters of 2018. After eliminating intra-entity profits and losses, our share of loss after tax of the JV Company was $79,592 for the first three quarters of 2018, a decrease loss of $13,376,194 compared to $13,455,786 of share of loss after tax of the JV Company in the same period of last year. The decrease of the JV Company’s loss was largely due to realized local government grants for operations this period.

During the first three quarters of 2018, the JV Company sold a total of 6,599 units of EV products in the PRC.

(l) Other income, net

Net other income was $666,294 for the first three quarters of 2018, an increase of $522,677 or 363.9% compared to net other income of $143,617 for the same period of last year, which was largely due to the fees earned on technology development services during the second quarter.

(m) Income Taxes

In accordance with the relevant Chinese tax laws and regulations, our applicable corporate income tax rate is 25%. However, Kandi Vehicles is qualified as a high technology enterprise in China and is therefore entitled to use a reduced income tax rate of 15%.

Each of our wholly-owned or partially-owned subsidiaries, Kandi New Energy, YongkangScrou, Kandi Hainan and JinhuaAn Kao, has an applicable corporate income tax rate of 25%.SC Autosports is a Dallas TX based company, which has an applicable corporate income tax rate of 21%.

We have a 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, which has an applicable corporate income tax rate of 25%. Each of the JV Company’s subsidiaries has an applicable corporate income tax rate of 25% as well.

Our actual effective income tax rate for the first three quarters of 2018 was a tax benefit of 20.70% on a reported loss before taxes of approximately $1.8million, compared to an effective income tax rate with a tax benefit of 10.89% for the same period of last year on a reported loss before taxes of approximately $37.9 million.

(n) Net income (loss)

Net loss was $1,418,879 for the first three quarters of 2018, a decrease loss of $32,374,497 compared to net loss $33,793,376 for the same period of last year. The decrease was primarily attributable to the decreased loss from the JV Company, decreased stock option expenses and decreased R&D expenses this period.

Excluding (i) the effects of stock compensation expenses, which were $2,898,811 net of a reversal for forfeited stock option of $2,644,877 and $5,522,358 for the first three quarters of 2018 and 2017, respectively, and (ii) the change in fair value of contingent consideration which was a gain of $1,814,326 and $0 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, our non-GAAP net loss was $2,979,271for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to non-GAAP net loss $28,271,018 for the same period of 2017, a decrease loss of $25,291,747, or 89.5%. The decrease in net loss (non-GAAP) was primarily attributable to the decreased loss from the JV Company and decreased R&D expenses this period.

We make reference to certain non-GAAP financial measures, i.e., adjusted net income. Management believes that such adjusted financial results are useful for investors in evaluating our operating performance because they present a meaningful measure of corporate performance. See the non-GAAP reconciliation table below. Any non-GAAP measures should not be considered as a substitute for, and should only be read in conjunction with, measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with the GAAP.

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The following table summarizes our non-GAAP net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2018			2017
GAAP net loss	$	(1,418,879	)	$	(33,793,376	)
Stock compensation expenses		253,934			5,522,358
Change in fair value of contingent consideration		(1,814,326	)		-
Non-GAAP net loss	$	(2,979,271	)	$	(28,271,018	)

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Cash Flow

For the first three quarters of 2018, cash used in operating activities was $836,809, as compared to cash used in operating activities of $698,599 for the same period of last year. Our operating cash inflows include cash received primarily from sales of our EV parts and off-road vehicles. These cash inflows are offset largely by cash paid primarily to our suppliers for production materials and parts used in our manufacturing process, operation expenses, employee compensation, and interest expenses on our financings. The major operating activities that provided cash for first three quarters of 2018 were an increase of accounts payable of $101,684,965 net of assignment of notes receivable from unrelated parties to supplier to settle accounts payable of $20,126,196, assignment of notes receivable from JV Company and related parties to supplier to settle accounts payable of $57,956,363, settlement of accounts payable with notes payables of $23,846,161, adjustment of construction in progress to reduce accounts payable of $8,153,573, adjustment of advance to supplier to increase accounts payable of $479,575 and cancellation of notes payables to increase accounts payable of $10,746,580 and an increase of other payables and accrued liabilities of $29,845,307. The major operating activity that used cash for first three quarters of 2018 was an increase in receivables from the JV Company of $81,549,214 net of settlement of due from JV Company and related parties with notes receivable of $62,549,758 and due from JV Company converted to investment in JV Company of $83,669,804, and an increase of accounts receivable of $52,845,923 net of settlement of accounts receivables with notes receivable from unrelated parties of $49,620,953.

For the first three quarters of 2018, cash used in investing activities was $682,504, as compared to cash provided by investing activities of $2,568,453 for the same period of last year. During the first three quarters of 2018, the major investing activity that used cash was the acquisition of Jinhua An Kao net of cash received in the amount of $3,610,846.

For the first three quarters of 2018, cash used in financing activities was $3,631,969, as compared to cash used in financing activities of $3,778,336 for the same period of last year. The major financing activities that provided cash for the first three quarters of 2018 were proceeds from notes payable of $40,313,800 and proceeds from short-term bank loans of $25,515,452. The major financing activities that used cash for first three quarters of 2018 were $43,024,633 of repayment of notes payable and $26,283,065 of repayments of short-term bank loans.

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Working Capital

We had a working capital deficit of $12,186,911 at September 30, 2018 as Kandi Vehicle increased its capital contribution to the JV Company by converting its RMB 545 million (approximately $79 million) of loans lent to the JV Company to the JV Company’s registered capital, which reflected a decrease of $65,894,813 from a working capital surplus of $53,707,902 as of December 31, 2017.

We have historically financed our operations through short-term commercial bank loans from Chinese banks. The term of these loans is typically for one year, and upon the payment of all outstanding principal and interest in a particular loan, the banks have typically rolled over the loan for an additional one-year term, with adjustments made to the interest rate to reflect prevailing market rates. We believe this practice has been ongoing year after year and that short-term bank loans will be available with normal trade terms if needed.

Capital Requirements and Capital Provided

Capital requirements and capital provided for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 were as follows:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30, 2018
	(In Thousands)
Capital requirements
Purchase of plant and equipment	$	305
Purchases of land use rights and other intangible assets		105
Acquisition of Jinhua An Kao		3,611
Purchase of construction in progress		425
Repayments of short-term bank loans		26,283
Repayments of long-term bank loans		154
Repayments of notes payable		43,025
Internal cash used in operations		837
Total capital Requirements	$	74,745
Capital provided
Acquisition of SC		487
Proceeds from short-term bank loan		25,515
Proceeds from notes payable		40,314
Decrease in cash		5,664
Long term investment		1,458
Reimbursement of capitalize interests for construction in progress		1,818
Total capital provided	$	75,256

The difference between capital provided and capital required is caused by the effect of exchange rate changes over the past three months.

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Contractual Obligations and Off-balance Sheet Arrangements

Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations:

Contractual obligations	Payments due by period
	Total		Less than 1 year		1-3 years		3-5 years		More than 5 years
R&D Obligations	$	8,738,076		8,738,076		-		-		-
Hainan Obligations		13,980,922		13,980,922		-		-		-
Loans from Haikou Rural Credit Cooperative	$	28,981,286		-		-		28,981,286		-
Total	$	51,700,284		22,718,998		-		28,981,286		-

To build the Hainan facility, the Company signed contracts with Nanjing Shangtong Auto Technologies Co., Ltd. (“Nanjing Shangtong”) to purchase a production line and develop a new EV model. As of September 30, 2018, the total contractual amount with Nanjing Shangtong was RMB 912,000,000 or approximately $133 million, of which RMB 756,000,000 or approximately $110 million has been paid and RMB 156,000,000 or approximately $23 million of remaining payments are outstanding as contractual obligations.

Short-term and long-term Loans:

For the discussion of short-term and long-term loans, please refer to Note 16 - Short-term and Long-term Loans under Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Notes payable:

For the discussion of notes payable, please refer to Note 17 - Notes Payable under Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Guarantees and pledged collateral for third party bank loans

For the discussion of guarantees and pledged collateral for third party bank loans, please refer to Note 23 –Commitments and Contingencies under Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

Recent Development Activities:

On August 27, 2018,we announced that SC Autosports unveiled Kandi’s two new American Pure Electric Vehicle (“EV”) Models in Dallas, Texas — the SUV model EX3 and the two-seater model K22. Distinguished guests including state and local government officials attended the unveiling event, along with a number of media representatives and automobile dealers. The two American EV Models—the model EX3 and the model K22 — have undergone several driving performance upgrades from the original models, to specifically accommodate the needs of the U.S. market. The newer models’ performance, battery life, and driving experience have been upgraded to strengthen their presence in the U.S. market. The participating government officials, media attendees, and dealers were very satisfied with the new models which exceeded expectations. Attendees were confident of the Company and these vehicles entering the American EV market.

On September 20, 2018,we announced that according to Public Notice No. 45 issued by China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (“MIIT”) and State Administration of Taxation (“SAT”) promulgated on September 17, 2018, Geely Brand Electric Vehicle (“EV”) SMA7001BEV49 (Model EX3) and SMA7001BEV47 (Model K23), developed by the JV Company was listed in the twentieth approved directory of New Energy Vehicles. As a result, the Model EX3 and K23 are now qualified for purchase tax exemption. These two EV models met all the sale requirements after obtaining approvals from MIIT for Directory of New Products, Recommended Models for New Energy Vehicles and the Tax Exemption Directory. We believe the Model EX3 and K23 will be the engine that propels Kandi’s growth going forward.

On September 26, 2018,we announced that the JV Company hosted a ceremony for the launch of the first batch of Kandi model EX3 pure electric vehicles at Shanghai facility on September 25, 2018.Geely Global Hawk EX3, developed by the JV Company is a model that has excited mass consumers since its release. Furthermore, a great amount of dealers have expressed their interest and confidence in the EX3. Following the receipt of approvals from MIIT (China’s Ministry of Industry and Information Technology) for Directory of New Products, Recommended Models for New Energy Vehicles, and the Tax Exemption Directory, the JV Company has officially begun the sale of model EX3. After repeated testing and polishing, the EX3 is finally ready to be introduced to the market. We believe this model will live up to the efforts of Company staff and meet the expectations of shareholders by generating a greater improvement in Kandi’s forthcoming sales performance.

On October 1, 2018,we announced that Zhejiang Geely Auto Limited - Shanghai Subsidiary, a business partner of the JV Company, received a total of RMB 305 million (approximately $44.3 million) in tax credits. The refund of the Value Added Tax (“VAT”) remaining tax credit is made by the State Administration of Taxation (the “SAT”) through a new policy intended to promote sustainable economic development. A select number of advanced equipment manufacturers were given tax refunds on the VAT remaining tax credit at the end of 2018’s tax season. The amount refunded to Zhejiang Geely corresponds to the production and sale of Kandi products by the JV Company in the years of 2015, 2016, and 2017. As a result, the JV Company expects to receive such a payment from Zhejiang Geely. The refunded tax credits demonstrate that the State’s focus is on supporting the advanced manufacturing industry. This additional cash flow will further improve the JV Company’s competitiveness.

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On October 3, 2018,we announced that Kandi Pure EV Models EX3 and K22 continue to make significant progress in the American marketplace. Both models have received the written acknowledgement of eligibility for credit and the amount of the qualifying credit from Internal Revenue Service of Department of the Treasury for the New Qualified Plug-in Electric Drive Motor Vehicle Credit effective immediately. According to Internal Revenue Code Section 30D, manufacturers must provide appropriate information to be eligible for the Credit. Kandi has completed the entire application process. As a result, a purchaser of 2019 Kandi Models EX3 and K22 electric vehicles in America may claim the Credit of up to $7,500.00 during the tax year under Internal Revenue Code Section 30D. Following the approval of federal tax credit, Kandi’s EV products have become more competitive in both price and quality.

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

This item is not applicable to us. 

Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We have evaluated, under the supervision of our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and our Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), the effectiveness of disclosure controls and procedures (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) as of September 30, 2018. Based on this evaluation, our CEO and CFO concluded that as of the end of the period covered by this report, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

Disclosure controls and procedures are controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act (a) is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms and (b) is accumulated and communicated to management, including our CEO and CFO, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our management recognizes that any controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarily applies its judgment in evaluating the cost-benefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Our disclosure controls and procedures are designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives as described abo

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There was no change to our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

64

PART II – OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. Legal Proceedings.

From time to time, the Company is involved in legal matters arising in the ordinary course of business. Except as set forth in Note 23 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES under Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, our management is currently not aware of any legal matters or pending litigation that would have a significant effect on the Company’s results of operation of financial statements. Furthermore, the Company is not aware of any other legal matters in which any director, officer, or any owner of record or beneficial owner of more than five percent of any class of voting securities of the Company, or any affiliate of any such director, officer, affiliate of the Company, or security holder, is a party adverse to the Company or has a material adverse interest to the Company. For the detailed discussion of our legal proceedings, please refer to Note 23 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES under Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, which is incorporated by reference herein.

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

Changes and further delays in subsidy payments may have negative impacts on our operations.

The change in subsidy payment methods in 2017 from paid in advance to paid post-sale and any further delay in releasing subsidy payments for the EVs manufactured and sold in the prior years might cause delays in collection of accounts receivable from our business partners, which will temporarily increase the pressure on our working capital for continuing operations. The unavailability, reduction or elimination of government and economic incentives could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects.

Item 6. Exhibits

Exhibit Number	Description
31.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
31.2	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a)/15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
32.1	Certification of Principal Executive Officer and Principal Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document.
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Link base Document.
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Link base Document.
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Link base Document.
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Definitions Link base Document.

65

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

Date: November 9, 2018	By:	/s/ Hu Xiaoming
		Hu Xiaoming
		President and Chief Executive Officer
		(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: November 9, 2018	By:	/s/ Mei Bing
		Mei Bing
		Chief Financial Officer
		(Principal Financial Officer and
		Principal Accounting Officer)

66

EX-31.1

Exhibit 31.1

Certification Pursuant to
Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Amended

I, Hu Xiaoming, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Kandi Technologies Group, Inc.

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a–15(e) and 15d–15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a–15(f) and 15d–15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 9, 2018

/s/ Hu Xiaoming

Hu Xiaoming

President and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

EX-31.2

Exhibit 31.2

Certification Pursuant to
Rules 13a-14(a) and 15d-14(a) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as Amended

I, Mei Bing, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Kandi Technologies Group, Inc.

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a–15(e) and 15d–15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a–15(f) and 15d–15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: November 9, 2018

/s/ Mei Bing

Mei Bing

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer and

Principal Accounting Officer)

EX-32.1

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, 
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO 
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2018 (the “Report”) of Kandi Technologies Group, Inc. (the “Company”) as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, we, Hu Xiaoming, President and Chief Executive Officer, and Mei Bing, Chief Financial Officer, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and

(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.

/s/ Hu Xiaoming

Hu Xiaoming

President and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ Mei Bing

Mei Bing

Chief Financial Officer

(Principal Financial Officer and

Principal Accounting Officer)

November 9, 2018

XML

Document and Entity Information - shares	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Nov. 06, 2018
Document and Entity Information [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	Kandi Technologies Group, Inc.
Entity Central Index Key	0001316517
Trading Symbol	KNDI
Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--12-31
Document Type	10-Q
Document Period End Date	Sep. 30, 2018
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2018
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q3
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Ex Transition Period	false
Entity Common Stock, Shares Outstanding		51,481,944

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 1,342,085	$ 4,891,808
Restricted cash	9,104,584	11,218,688
Accounts receivable (net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $319,421 and $133,930 as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively)	40,111,173	34,397,858
Inventories (net of provision for slow moving inventory of $662,769 and $620,919 as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively)	15,676,683	15,979,794
Notes receivable	72,817
Notes receivable from JV Company and related party	2,184,519	1,137,289
Other receivables	1,233,460	2,650,668
Prepayments and prepaid expense	6,662,684	6,536,839
Due from employees	6,668	7,070
Advances to suppliers	8,794,653	14,908,385
Amount due from JV Company, net	77,386,193	146,422,440
Amount due from related party		162,048
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS	162,575,519	238,312,887
LONG-TERM ASSETS
Property, Plant and Equipment, net	83,664,992	12,000,971
Land use rights, net	11,848,966	12,666,047
Construction in progress		53,083,925
Deferred taxes assets	3,294,885	4,383,425
Long Term Investment		1,460,034
Investment in JV Company	146,272,731	70,681,013
Goodwill	28,583,528	322,591
Intangible assets	4,491,080	331,116
Advances to suppliers		21,592,918
Other long term assets	6,168,533	7,590,734
Amount due from JV Company, net		15,907,183
TOTAL Long-Term Assets	284,324,715	200,019,957
TOTAL ASSETS	446,900,234	438,332,844
CURRENT LIABILITIES
Accounts payables	111,376,786	111,595,540
Other payables and accrued expenses	6,065,379	6,556,209
Short-term loans	30,583,267	33,042,864
Customer deposits	214,079	205,544
Notes payable	24,663,846	28,075,945
Income tax payable	471,184	2,902,699
Due to employees	34,070	35,041
Deferred income	1,353,819	2,191,143
Total Current Liabilities	174,762,430	184,604,985
LONG-TERM LIABILITIES
Long term bank loans	28,981,286	30,737,547
Contingent liability	12,204,964
Other long-term liability	681,768
Total Long-Term Liabilities	41,868,018	30,737,547
TOTAL LIABILITIES	216,630,448	215,342,532
STOCKHOLDER'S EQUITY
Common stock, $0.001 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized; 55,989,502 and 48,036,538 shares issued and 51,481,944 and 48,036,538 outstanding at September 30,2018 and December 31,2017, respectively	51,482	48,037
Additional paid-in capital	254,980,909	233,055,348
Retained earnings (the restricted portion is $4,422,033 and $4,422,033 at September 30,2018 and December 31,2017, respectively)	(5,221,190)	(3,802,310)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(19,541,415)	(6,310,763)
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	230,269,786	222,990,312
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY	$ 446,900,234	$ 438,332,844

XML

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet (Parenthetical) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Statement of Financial Position [Abstract]
Net of allowance for doubtful accounts	$ 319,421	$ 133,930
Net of provision for slow moving inventory	$ 662,769	$ 620,919
Common stock, par value	$ 0.001	$ 0.001
Common stock, shares authorized	100,000,000	100,000,000
Common stock, shares issued	55,989,502	48,036,538
Common stock, shares outstanding	51,481,944	48,036,538
Restricted retained earnings	$ 4,422,033	$ 4,422,033

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) and Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Statement of Comprehensive Income (Loss) [Abstract]
REVENUES FROM UNRELATED PARTY, NET	$ 14,860,034	$ 6,604,109	$ 32,211,352	$ 10,720,595
REVENUES FROM JV COMPANY AND RELATED PARTY, NET	23,135,326	21,749,790	30,479,521	49,233,156
REVENUES, NET	37,995,360	28,353,899	62,690,873	59,953,751
COST OF GOODS SOLD	(31,753,311)	(23,522,406)	(53,044,861)	(50,697,990)
GROSS PROFIT	6,242,049	4,831,493	9,646,012	9,255,761
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Research and development	(5,691,649)	(657,851)	(7,091,836)	(26,569,624)
Selling and marketing	(898,896)	(216,351)	(1,875,294)	(976,913)
General and administrative	(2,070,947)	(2,196,201)	(5,534,039)	(12,074,147)
Total Operating Expenses	(8,661,492)	(3,070,403)	(14,501,169)	(39,620,684)
(LOSS) INCOME FROM OPERATIONS	(2,419,443)	1,761,090	(4,855,157)	(30,364,923)
OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE):
Interest income	52,745	619,923	1,452,522	1,709,990
Interest expense	(483,376)	(598,523)	(1,505,409)	(1,761,786)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	(1,552,686)		1,814,326
Government grants	607,008	474,950	717,821	5,804,561
Share of (loss) income after tax of JV	(3,247,343)	444,181	(79,592)	(13,455,786)
Other income (expense), net	15,735	(6,560)	666,294	143,617
Total other (expense) income, net	(4,607,917)	933,971	3,065,962	(7,559,404)
(LOSS) INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES	(7,027,360)	2,695,061	(1,789,195)	(37,924,327)
INCOME TAX BENEFIT (EXPENSE)	505,961	(776,985)	370,316	4,130,951
NET (LOSS) INCOME	(6,521,399)	1,918,076	(1,418,879)	(33,793,376)
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME
Foreign currency translation	(8,108,270)	4,032,652	(13,230,652)	8,942,931
COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME	$ (14,629,669)	$ 5,950,728	$ (14,649,531)	$ (24,850,445)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING BASIC	51,474,048	48,028,467	51,089,047	47,913,028
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING DILUTED	51,474,048	48,028,467	51,089,047	47,913,028
NET (LOSS) INCOME PER SHARE, BASIC	$ (0.13)	$ 0.04	$ (0.03)	$ (0.71)
NET (LOSS) INCOME PER SHARE, DILUTED	$ (0.13)	$ 0.04	$ (0.03)	$ (0.71)

XML

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net (loss)	$ (1,418,879)	$ (33,793,376)
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
Depreciation and amortization	2,271,599	3,556,661
Assets impairments	78,415	136,936
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(7,093)
Deferred taxes		(5,596,103)
Share of income after tax of JV Company	79,592	13,455,786
Reserve for fixed assets	(53,561)
Change in fair value of contingent consideration	(1,814,326)
Stock compensation cost	253,934	5,498,183
(Increase) Decrease In:
Accounts receivable	(52,845,923)	(8,926,990)
Deferred taxes assets	(52,126)
Notes receivable	491,272
Notes receivable from JV Company and related party	3,196,340	4,923,967
Inventories	1,555,993	(2,814,129)
Other receivables and other assets	1,497,230	754,661
Due from employee	945	(10,766)
Advances to supplier and prepayments and prepaid expenses	(4,590,404)	23,878,150
Advances to suppliers-long term		(4,804,200)
Amount due from JV Company	(81,549,214)	(33,071,177)
Amount due from JV Company-long-term	15,907,183	(15,907,183)
Due from related party	161,874	4,406,105
Increase (Decrease) In:
Accounts payable	101,684,965	53,102,716
Other payables and accrued liabilities	29,845,307	2,173,413
Notes payable	(12,434,813)	(3,933,839)
Customer deposits	20,350	80,057
Income tax payable	(2,353,826)	732,405
Deferred income	(761,643)	(5,127,455)
Loss contingency-litigation		587,579
Net cash used in operating activities	(836,809)	(698,599)
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchases of property, plant and equipment, net	(304,745)	(420,037)
Purchases of land use rights and other intangible assets	(105,480)
Acquisition of Jinhua An Kao (net of cash received)	(3,610,846)
Acquisition of SC Autosports (net of cash received)	486,954
Purchases of construction in progress	(425,241)	(1,565,244)
Reimbursement of capitalize interests for construction in progress	1,818,390
Long Term Investment	1,458,464
Short term investment		4,553,734
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities	(682,504)	2,568,453
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Proceeds from short-term bank loans	25,515,452	24,854,574
Repayments of short-term bank loans	(26,283,065)	(27,939,362)
Repayments of long-term bank loans	(153,523)
Proceeds from notes payable	40,313,800	13,367,413
Repayment of notes payable	(43,024,633)	(14,060,961)
Net cash used in financing activities	(3,631,969)	(3,778,336)
NET (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH	(5,151,282)	(1,908,482)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(512,545)	1,011,615
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR	16,110,496	25,193,298
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT END OF PERIOD	10,446,669	24,296,431
SUPPLEMENTARY CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Income taxes paid	1,981,072	1,072,082
Interest paid	1,274,399	1,164,774
SUPPLEMENTAL NON-CASH DISCLOSURES:
Construction in progress transferred to property, plant and equipment	75,266,352
Long term and short term advances to suppliers transferred to construction in progress	31,786,196	12,241,736
Settlement of due from JV Company and related parties with notes receivable	62,549,758	39,197,964
Settlement of accounts receivables with notes receivable from unrelated parties	49,620,953	1,150,038
Settlement of other receivables with notes receivable from unrelated parties	930,347
Assignment of notes receivable from unrelated parties to supplier to settle accounts payable	20,126,196	1,150,038
Assignment of notes receivable from JV Company and related parties to supplier to settle accounts payable	57,956,363	33,175,103
Assignment of notes receivable from unrelated parties to supplier to settle other payable	29,857,070
Assignment of notes receivable from JV Company and related parties to supplier to settle other payable	230,284
Settlement of accounts payable with notes payables	23,846,161	15,149,150
Acquisition of Jinhua An Kao by stock	20,718,859
Acquisition of SC by stock	756,664
Cancellation of notes payables	10,746,580
Amount due from JV Company converted to investment in JV Company	83,669,804
Adjustment of construction in progress with accounts payable	8,153,573
Adjustment of advance to supplier with accounts payable	479,575
Deferred tax changed to other comprehensive income		52,266
Adjustment of Construction in progress		1,057,152
Purchase of construction in progress in accounts payable		$ 6,244,120

XML

Organization and Principal Activities

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Organization and Principal Activities [Abstract]

ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

NOTE 1 - ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

Kandi Technologies Group, Inc. (“Kandi Technologies”) was incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on March 31, 2004 as Stone Mountain Resources, Inc. It changed its name to Kandi Technologies, Corp. on August 13, 2007, and on December 21, 2012, it further changed its name to its current name. As used herein, the term the “Company” means Kandi Technologies and its operating subsidiaries, as described below.

Headquartered in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China, the Company is one of the People’s Republic of China’s (“China”) leading producers and manufacturers of electric vehicle (“EV”) products, EV parts, and off-road vehicles for sale in China and global markets. The Company conducts its primary business operations through its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Zhejiang Kandi Vehicles Co., Ltd. (“Kandi Vehicles”) and Sportsman Country, LLC (“Sportsman Country”) which changed its name to SC Autosports LLC (“SC Autosports”) in August 2018, and the partially and wholly-owned subsidiaries of Kandi Vehicles.

The Company’s organizational chart as of November 6, 2018 is as follows:

Operating Subsidiaries:

Pursuant to the agreements executed in January 2011, Kandi Vehicles is entitled to 100% of the economic benefits, voting rights and residual interests (100% of profits and losses) of Jinhua Kandi New Energy Vehicles Co., Ltd. (“Kandi New Energy”). Kandi New Energy currently holds battery pack production licensing rights and supplies battery packs to the JV Company (as such term is defined below).

In April 2012, pursuant to an agreement with the shareholders of YongkangScrou Electric Co, Ltd. (“YongkangScrou”), the Company acquired 100% of YongkangScrou, a manufacturer of automobile and EV parts. YongkangScrou currently manufactures and sells EV drive motors, EV controllers, air conditioners and other electric products to the JV Company.

In March 2013, pursuant to a joint venture agreement (the “JV Agreement”) entered into by Kandi Vehicles and Shanghai Maple Guorun Automobile Co., Ltd. (“Shanghai Guorun”), a 99%-owned subsidiary of Geely Automobile Holdings Ltd. (“Geely”), the parties established Zhejiang Kandi Electric Vehicles Co., Ltd. (the “JV Company”) to develop, manufacture and sell EV products and related auto parts. Each of Kandi Vehicles and Shanghai Guorun has 50% ownership interest in the JV Company. In March 2014, the JV Company changed its name to Kandi Electric Vehicles Group Co., Ltd. At present, the JV Company is a holding company and all products are manufactured by its subsidiaries. In an effort to improve the JV Company’s development, Zhejiang Geely Holding Group, the parent company of Geely, became a JV Company shareholder on October 26, 2016, through its purchase of the 50% equity of the JV Company held by Shanghai Guorun at a premium price (a price exceeding the cash amount of the aggregate of the original investment and the shared profits over the years). On May 19, 2017, due to business development, Zhejiang Geely Holding Group, Ltd. (Geely Holding) transferred its equity in the JV Company to Geely Group (Ningbo) Ltd., a company wholly owned by Mr. Li Shufu, Chairman of the Board of Geely Holding. On May 23, 2018, in order to obtain the manufacturing license, according to the recent notice (FGBCY[2018] No.547) from the National Development and Reform Commission in China, the JV Company increased its registered capital by RMB 1.09 billion (approximately $165 million), of which Kandi Vehicle increased its capital contribution to the JV Company by converting its RMB 545 million (approximately $79 million) loans to the JV Company to registered capital in the JV Company. Geely Group, Ltd. (“Geely Group”) became a new shareholder of the JV Company by investing RMB 545 million (approximately $79million). After this restructure, Kandi Vehicles, Geely Group and Geely Group (Ningbo) Ltd., each own 50%, 26.08%, and 23.92% of equity in the JV Company, respectively.

In March 2013, Kandi Vehicles formed Kandi Electric Vehicles (Changxing) Co., Ltd. (“KandiChangxing”) in the Changxing (National) Economic and Technological Development Zone. KandiChangxing is engaged in the production of EV products. In the fourth quarter of 2013, Kandi Vehicles entered into an ownership transfer agreement with the JV Company pursuant to which Kandi Vehicles transferred 100% of its ownership in KandiChangxing to the JV Company. The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in KandiChangxing.

In July 2013, Zhejiang ZuoZhongYou Electric Vehicle Service Co., Ltd. (the “Service Company”) was formed. The Service Company is engaged in various pure EV leasing businesses, generally referred to as the Micro Public Transportation (“MPT”) and other EV share programs. Kandi Vehicle had a 9.5% ownership interest in the Service Company. After various tests and thorough assessments in the last five years, the Company determined that a large sum of capital still needs to be invested in order to increase the size of EV share programs. After considering Geely Group’s ability to grow the Service Company’s business to be stronger and more expansive and a successful growth of the Service Company would have positive impact on the development of the JV Company’s business, Kandi Vehicle transferred its 9.5% of ownership interest in the Service Company to Geely Group in June 2018.

In November 2013, Kandi Electric Vehicles Jinhua Co., Ltd. (“Kandi Jinhua”) was formed by the JV Company. The JV Company has a 100% ownership interest in Kandi Jinhua, and the Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Kandi Jinhua. In April 2017, Kandi Jinhua was reorganized to be owned directly by Kandi Jiangsu, which is 100% directly owned by the JV Company.

In November 2013, Zhejiang Ji He Kang Electric Vehicle Sales Co., Ltd. (“Ji He Kang”) was formed by the JV Company. JiHeKang is engaged in the car sales business. The JV Company has a 100% ownership interest in JiHeKang, and the Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in JiHeKang. In April 2017, JiHeKang was reorganized to be owned directly by Kandi Jiangsu, which is 100% directly owned by the JV Company.

In December 2013, the JV Company entered into an ownership transfer agreement with Shanghai Guorun, pursuant to which the JV Company acquired a 100% ownership interest in Kandi Electric Vehicles (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. (“Kandi Shanghai”). As a result, Kandi Shanghai is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company, and the Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Kandi Shanghai.

In January 2014, KandiElectric Vehicles Jiangsu Co., Ltd. (“Kandi Jiangsu”) was formed by the JV Company. The JV Company has a 100% ownership interest in Kandi Jiangsu, and the Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Kandi Jiangsu. Kandi Jiangsu is mainly engaged in EV research and development, manufacturing, and sales. As of the date of this report, Kandi Jiangsu directly owns 100% of JiHeKang, JiHeKang Service Company, Liuchuang and KandiJinhua.

In November 2015, Hangzhou Puma Investment Management Co., Ltd. (“Puma Investment”) was formed by the JV Company. Puma Investment provides investment and consulting services. The JV Company has a 50% ownership interest in Puma Investment (the other 50% is owned by Zuozhongyou Electric Vehicles Service (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of the Service Company), and the Company, indirectly through the JV Company, has a 25% economic interest in Puma Investment.

In November 2015, Hangzhou JiHeKang Electric Vehicle Service Co., Ltd. (the “JiHeKang Service Company”) was formed by the JV Company. The JiHeKang Service Company focuses on after-market services for EV products. In April 2017, JiHeKang Service Company was reorganized to be owned directly by Kandi Jiangsu, which is 100% directly owned by the JV Company. The JV Company has a 100% ownership interest in the JiHeKang Service Company, and the Company, indirectly through the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in the JiHeKang Service Company.

In December 2015, Zhejiang JiHeKang Electric Vehicle Sales Co., Ltd. Tianjin Branch (“JiHeKang Tianjin”) was formed by JiHeKang. JiHeKang Tianjin was engaged in the car sales business. JiHeKang Tianjin was dissolved in September 2018.

In January 2016, Kandi Electric Vehicles (Wanning) Co., Ltd. was renamed Kandi Electric Vehicles (Hainan) Co., Ltd. (“Kandi Hainan”). Kandi Hainan was originally formed in Wanning City in Hainan Province by Kandi Vehicles and Kandi New Energy in April 2013, and was transferred to Haikou City in January 2016. Kandi Vehicles has a 90% ownership interest in Kandi Hainan, and Kandi New Energy has the remaining 10% ownership interest. In fact, Kandi Vehicles is, effectively, entitled to 100% of the economic benefits, voting rights and residual interests (100% of the profits and losses) of Kandi Hainan as Kandi Vehicles is entitled to 100% of the economic benefits, voting rights and residual interests of Kandi New Energy.

In August 2016, Jiangsu JiDian Electric Vehicle Sales Co., Ltd. (“Jiangsu JiDian”) was formed by JiHeKang. Jiangsu JiDian is engaged in the car sales business. Since JiHeKang is 100% owned by the JV Company, the JV Company has a 100% ownership interest in Jiangsu JiDian, and the Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Jiangsu JiDian.

In October 2016, JiHeKang acquired Tianjin BoHaiWan Vehicle Sales Co., Ltd. (“Tianjin BoHaiWan”), which is engaged in the car sales business. Since JiHeKang is 100% owned by the JV Company, the JV Company has a 100% ownership interest in Tianjin BoHaiWan, and the Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Tianjin BoHaiWan.

In November 2016, Changxing Kandi Vehicle Maintenance Co., Ltd. (“Changxing Maintenance”) was formed by Kandi Changxing. Changxing Maintenance is engaged in the car repair and maintenance business. In December 2017, the Service Company entered into an agreement with the JV Company to acquire 100% of Changxing Maintenance for RMB 1,089,887 or approximately $167,501. The transaction was completed in April 2018. 

In November 2016, Guangdong JiHeKang Electric Vehicle Sales Co., Ltd. (“Guangdong JiHeKang”) was formed by JiHeKang. Guangdong JiHeKang is engaged in the car sales business. Since JiHeKang is 100% owned by the JV Company, the JV Company has a 100% ownership interest in Guangdong JiHeKang, and the Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Guangdong JiHeKang.

In March 2017, Hangzhou Liuchuang Electric Vehicle Technology Co., Ltd. (“Liuchuang”) was formed by Kandi Jiangsu. Since Kandi Jiangsu is 100% owned by the JV Company, the JV Company has a 100% ownership interest in Liuchuang, and the Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Liuchuang.

In April 2017, in order to promote business development, KandiJinhua, JiHeKang, and the JiHeKang Service Company were reorganized to become subsidiaries of Kandi Jiangsu. As the JV Company has a 100% ownership interest in Kandi Jiangsu, the JV Company has 100% ownership interests in KandiJinhua, JiHeKang, and the JiHeKang Service Company; the Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Kandi Jinhua, JiHeKang, and the JiHeKang Service Company.

In December 2017, Zhejiang Chang Dian Technology Co., Ltd. (“Zhejiang Chang Dian”) was formed by the JV Company. Zhejiang Chang Dian is primarily engaged in the battery replacement business. Since Zhejiang Chang Dian is 100% owned by the JV Company, and the Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Zhejiang Chang Dian.

In December 2017, Kandi Vehicles and the sole shareholder of Jinhua An Kao Power Technology Co., Ltd. (“Jinhua An Kao”) entered into a Share Transfer Agreement and a Supplementary Agreement, pursuant to which Kandi Vehicles acquired Jinhua An Kao. The two agreements were signed on December 12, 2017 and the closing took place on January 3, 2018. Kandi Vehicles acquired 100% of the equity interests of Jinhua An Kao for a purchase price of approximately RMB 25.93 million (approximately $3.9 million) in cash. In addition, pursuant to the Supplementary Agreement, the Company issued a total of 2,959,837 shares of restrictive stock, or 6.2% of the Company’s total outstanding shares of the common stock to the shareholder of Jinhua An Kao. An additional 2,959,837 shares were placed as make good shares for the undertaking of Jinhua An Kao to achieve no less than a total of RMB 120,000,000 (approximately $18.1 million) net income over the course of the following three years. The Supplementary Agreement set forth the terms and conditions of the issuance of these shares, including that the Company will have the voting rights of the make good shares until conditions for vesting those shares are satisfied.

In March 2018, Jiangsu Gu Xiang New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. (“Jiangsu Gu Xiang”) was formed by Zhejiang Chang Dian. Jiangsu Gu Xiang is primarily engaged in technical research, development, services and consultation of new energy vehicles, battery replacement and maintenance, and other business.

In April 2018, Zhejiang Chang Dian Technology Co., Ltd. Hangzhou Tonglu Branch (“Chang Dian Tonglu”) was formed by Zhejiang Chang Dian. Chang Dian Tonglu is primarily engaged in the battery replacement business.

In April 2018, Zhejiang Chang Dian Technology Co., Ltd. Changxing Branch (“Chang Dian Changxing”) was formed by Zhejiang Chang Dian. Chang Dian Changxing is primarily engaged in the battery replacement business.

On May 31, 2018, the Company entered into a Membership Interests Transfer Agreement (the “Transfer Agreement”) with the two members of Sportsman Country, LLC (“Sportsman Country”) under which the Company acquired 100% of the ownership of Sportsman Country. Sportsman Country is a Dallas based sales company primarily engaged in the wholesale of off-road vehicle products, with a small percentage of business in off-road vehicle parts wholesale and retail. According to the terms of the Transfer Agreement, the Company transferred $10.0 million worth of restricted shares to acquire 100% membership interests in Sportsman Country, of which the Company was required to issue $1.0 million worth of corresponding restricted shares within 30 days from the signing date of the Transfer Agreement, and the remaining $9.0 million worth of corresponding restricted shares to be released from escrow based on Sportsman Country’s pre-tax profit performance over the course of the following three years. The transaction closed in July 2018.In August 2018, Sportsman Country changed its name to SC Autosports LLC (“SC Autosports”).

The Company’s primary business operations are designing, developing, manufacturing and commercializing EV products, EV parts and off-road vehicles. As part of its strategic objective of becoming a leading manufacturer of EV products (through the JV Company) and related services, the Company has increased its focus on pure EV-related products, and is actively pursuing expansion in the China market and international market.

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Liquidity

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Liquidity [Abstract]

LIQUIDITY

NOTE 2 - LIQUIDITY

The Company had a working capital deficit of $12,186,911 as of September 30, 2018, a decrease of $65,894,813 from a working capital surplus of $53,707,902 as of December 31, 2017.

As of September 30, 2018, the Company had credit lines available from commercial banks of $30,583,267. Although the Company expects that most of its outstanding trade receivables from customers will be collected in the next twelve months, there are uncertainties about the timing in collecting these receivables, especially the receivables due from the JV Company, because most of them are indirectly impacted by the progress of the receipt of government subsidies. Since the amount due from the JV Company accounts for the majority of the Company’s outstanding receivables, and since the Company cannot control the timing of the receipt of government subsidies, the Company believes that its internally-generated cash flows may not be sufficient to support the growth of future operations and to repay short-term bank loans for the next twelve months. However, the Company believes its access to existing financing sources and its good credit will enable it to meet its obligations and fund its ongoing operations for the next twelve months. The Company expects to approximately maintain the current debt level for the next twelve months given the Company’s current financial position and business development needs.

The Company’s primary need for liquidity is to fund working capital requirements of the Company’s businesses, capital expenditures and for general operational purposes, including debt repayment. The Company has incurred losses and experienced negative operating cash flows for the past two years, and accordingly, the Company has taken a number of actions to continue to support its operations and meet its obligations. The Company has historically financed its operations through short-term commercial bank loans from Chinese banks. The term of these loans is typically for one year, and upon the payment of all outstanding principal and interest on a particular loan, the banks have typically rolled over the loan for an additional one-year term, with adjustments made to the interest rate to reflect prevailing market rates. This practice has been ongoing and the Company believes that short-term bank loans will remain available on normal trade terms if needed. For the remainder of 2018, the management will take measures to grow the business and further improve the Company’s liquidity. The Company acknowledges that it continues to face a challenging competitive environment and expects to take actions that will enhance the Company’s liquidity and financial flexibility to support the Company’s operation needs.

We finance our ongoing operating activities by using funds from our operations and external credit or financing arrangements. We routinely monitor current and expected operational requirements and financial market conditions to evaluate the use of available financing sources. Considering our existing working capital position and our ability to access debt funding sources, we believe that our operations and borrowing resources are sufficient to provide for our current and foreseeable capital requirements to support our ongoing operations for the next twelve months.

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Basis of Presentation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Basis of Presentation [Abstract]

BASIS OF PRESENTATION

NOTE 3 - BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The Company maintains its general ledger and journals using the accrual method of accounting for financial reporting purposes. The Company’s financial statements and notes are the representations of the Company’s management. Accounting policies adopted by the Company conform to generally accepted accounting principles in the United States and have been consistently applied in the Company’s presentation of its financial statements.

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Principles of Consolidation

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Principles of Consolidation [Abstract]

PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION

NOTE 4 - PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION

The Company’s consolidated financial statements reflect the accounts of the Company and its ownership interests in the following subsidiaries:

(1)	Continental Development Limited (“Continental”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company incorporated under the laws of Hong Kong;
(2)	Kandi Vehicles, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Continental;

(3)	Kandi New Energy, a 50%-owned subsidiary of Kandi Vehicles (Mr. Hu Xiaoming owns the other 50%). Pursuant to agreements executed in January 2011, Mr. Hu Xiaoming contracted with Kandi Vehicles for the operation and management of Kandi New Energy and put his shares of Kandi New Energy into escrow. As a result, Kandi Vehicles is entitled to 100% of the economic benefits, voting rights and residual interests of Kandi New Energy;
(4)	YongkangScrou, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Kandi Vehicles;
(5)	Kandi Hainan, a subsidiary, 10% owned by Kandi New Energy and 90% owned by Kandi Vehicles; and
(6)	Jinhua An Kao, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Kandi Vehicles.
(7)	SC Autosports, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company.

Equity Method Investees

The Company’s consolidated net income also includes the Company’s proportionate share of the net income or loss of its equity method investees as follows:

(1)	The JV Company, a 50% owned subsidiary of Kandi Vehicles;
(2)	KandiChangxing, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company. The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in KandiChangxing;
(3)	KandiJinhua, a wholly-owned direct subsidiary of Kandi Jiangsu, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company. The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in KandiJinhua;
(4)	JiHeKang, a wholly-owned direct subsidiary of Kandi Jiangsu, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company. The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in JiHeKang;
(5)	Kandi Shanghai, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company. The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Kandi Shanghai;
(6)	Kandi Jiangsu, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company. The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Kandi Jiangsu;
(7)	The JiHeKang Service Company, a wholly-owned direct subsidiary of Kandi Jiangsu, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company. The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in the JiHeKang Service Company.

(8)	Tianjin BoHaiWan, a wholly-owned direct subsidiary of JiHeKang, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company. The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Tianjin BoHaiWan;
(9)	Liuchuang, a wholly-owned direct subsidiary of Kandi Jiangsu, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company. The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Liuchuang;
(10)	Jiangsu JiDian, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company. The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Jiangsu JiDian;
(11)	JiHeKang Tianjin, a wholly-owned direct subsidiary of Kandi Jiangsu, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company. The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in JiHeKang Tianjin;
(12)	Guangdong JiHeKang, a wholly-owned direct subsidiary of JiHeKang, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company. The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Guangdong JiHeKang; and
(13)	Zhejiang Chang Dian, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company. The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Zhejiang Chang Dian.
(14)	Chang Dian Tonglu, branch of Zhejiang Chang Dian, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company. The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Chang Dian Tonglu.
(15)	Chang Dian Changxing, a branch of Zhejiang Chang Dian, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company. The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Chang Dian Changxing.
(16)	Jiangsu Gu Xiang, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Zhejiang Chang Dian, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company.The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Jiangsu Gu Xiang.

All intra-entity profits and losses with regard to the Company’s equity method investees have been eliminated.

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Use of Estimates

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Use of Estimates [Abstract]

USE OF ESTIMATES

NOTE 5 - USE OF ESTIMATES

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States requires the Company’s management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Management makes these estimates using the best information available at the time the estimates are made; however actual results when ultimately realized could differ from those estimates.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

NOTE 6 - SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

(a) Economic and Political Risks

The Company’s operations are conducted in China. As a result, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic and legal environments in China, and by the general state of the Chinese economy. In addition, the Company’s earnings are subject to movements in foreign currency exchange rates when transactions are denominated in Renminbi (“RMB”), which is the Company’s functional currency. Accordingly, the Company’s operating results are affected by changes in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the RMB.

The Company’s operations in China are subject to special considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in North America and Western Europe. These include risks associated with, among others, the political, economic and legal environment and foreign currency exchange restrictions. The Company’s performance may be adversely affected by changes in the political and social conditions in China, and by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion, remittances abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things.

(b) Fair Value of Financial Instruments

ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three levels based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market.

These tiers include:

Level 1—defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

Level 2—defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and

Level 3—defined as unobservable inputs for which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

The Company’s financial instruments primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, notes receivable, other receivables, accounts payable, other payables and accrued liabilities, short-term bank loans, notes payable, and warrants.

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, notes receivable, other receivables, accounts payable, other payables and accrued liabilities, and notes payable approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these items. The estimated fair values of short-term bank loans were not materially different from their carrying value as presented due to the brief maturities and because the interest rates on these borrowings approximate those that would have been available for loans of similar remaining maturities and risk profiles. As the carrying amounts are reasonable estimates of fair value, these financial instruments are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company identified notes payable as Level 2 instruments due to the fact that the inputs to valuation are primarily based upon readily observable pricing information. The balance of notes payable, which was measured and disclosed at fair value, was $24,663,846 and $28,075,945 at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Contingent consideration related to the acquisitions of Jinhua An Kao and SC Autosports, which is accounted for as liabilities, are measured at each reporting date for their fair value using Level 3 inputs. The fair value of contingent consideration was $12,204,964 and $0 at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Also see Note 26.

(c) Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers highly-liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

As of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, the Company’s restricted cash was $9,104,584 and $11,218,688, respectively.

(d) Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value (market value). The cost of raw materials is determined on the basis of weighted average. The cost of finished goods is determined on the basis of weighted average and comprises direct materials, direct labor and an appropriate proportion of overhead.

Net realizable value is based on estimated selling prices less selling expenses and any further costs expected to be incurred for completion. Adjustments to reduce the cost of inventory to net realizable value are made, if required, for estimated excess, obsolescence, or impaired balances.

(e) Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are recognized and carried at net realizable value. An allowance for doubtful accounts is recorded for periods in which the Company determines a loss is probable, based on its assessment of specific factors, such as troubled collections, historical experience, accounts aging, ongoing business relations and other factors. Accounts are written off after exhaustive collection efforts. If accounts receivable are to be provided for, or written off, they are recognized in the consolidated statement of operations within the operating expenses line item. If accounts receivable previously written off is recovered in a later period or when facts subsequently become available to indicate that the amount provided as an allowance for doubtful accounts was incorrect, an adjustment is made to restate allowance for doubtful accounts.

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, credit terms with the Company’s customers were typically 180 to 360 days after delivery. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had a $319,421and $133,930 allowance for doubtful accounts, as per the Company management’s judgment based on their best knowledge. The Company conducts quarterly assessments of the state of the Company’s outstanding receivables and reserves any allowance for doubtful accounts if it becomes necessary.

(f) Notes receivable

Notes receivable represent short-term loans to third parties with maximum terms of six months. Interest income is recognized according to each agreement between a borrower and the Company on an accrual basis. For notes receivable with banks, the interest rates are determined by banks. For notes receivable with other parties, the interest rates are based on agreements between the parties. If notes receivable are paid back, that transaction will be recognized in the relevant year. If notes receivable are not paid back, or are written off, that transaction will be recognized in the relevant year if default is probable, reasonably assured, and the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company will recognize income if the written-off loan is recovered at a future date. In case of any foreclosure proceedings or legal actions, the Company provides an accrual for the related foreclosure and litigation expenses. The Company also receives notes receivable from the JV Company and other parties to settle accounts receivable. If the Company decides to discount notes receivable for the purpose of receiving immediate cash, the current discount rate is approximately in the range of 4.80% to 5.00% annually. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had notes receivable from unrelated parties of $72,817 and $0, respectively, which notes receivable typically mature within six months. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had notes receivable from JV Company and other related parties of $2,184,519 and $1,137,289, respectively, which notes receivable typically mature within six months.

(g) Advances to Suppliers

Advances to suppliers represent cash paid in advance to suppliers, and include advances to raw material suppliers, mold manufacturers, and equipment suppliers.

As of September 30, 2018, the Company had made a total advance payments of RMB 756 million (approximately $110 million) to Nanjing Shangtong Auto Technologies Co., Ltd. (“Nanjing Shangtong”) as an advance to purchase a production line and develop a new EV model for Kandi Hainan. Nanjing Shangtong is a total solutions contractor for Kandi Hainan and provides all the equipment and EV product design and research services used by Kandi Hainan. After a portion of such advances were transferred to construction in progress and expensed for R&D purposes, the Company had $3,924,501 left in Advance to Suppliers in current assets related to the purchases from Nanjing Shangtong as of September 30, 2018.

Advances for raw material purchases are typically settled within two months of the Company’s receipt of the raw materials. Prepayment is offset against the purchase price after the equipment or materials are delivered.

(h) Property, Plants and Equipment

Property, plants and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated over the asset’s estimated useful life using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the life of the asset or the term of the lease, whichever is shorter. Estimated useful lives are as follows:

Buildings	30 years
Machinery and equipment	10 years
Office equipment	5 years
Motor vehicles	5 years
Molds	5 years

The costs and related accumulated depreciation of assets sold or otherwise retired are eliminated from the Company’s accounts and any gain or loss is included in the statements of income. The cost of maintenance and repairs is charged to expenses as incurred, whereas significant renewals and betterments are capitalized.

(i) Construction in Progress

Construction in progress (“CIP”) represents the direct costs of construction, and the acquisition costs of buildings or machinery. Capitalization of these costs ceases, and construction in progress is transferred to plants and equipment, when substantially all the activities necessary to prepare the assets for their intended use are completed. No depreciation is provided for until the assets are completed and ready for their intended use. As of September 30, 2018, $2,854,673 of interest expenses previously capitalized for CIP have been reimbursed by the government.

(j) Land Use Rights

Land in China is owned by the government and land ownership rights cannot be sold to an individual or to a private company. However, the Chinese government grants the user a “land use right” to use the land. The land use rights granted to the Company are amortized using the straight-line method over a term of fifty years.

(k) Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company periodically evaluates the carrying value of long-lived assets to be held and used, including intangible assets subject to amortization, when events and circumstances warrant such a review, pursuant to the guidelines established in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 144 (now known as “ASC 360”). The carrying value of a long-lived asset is considered impaired when the anticipated undiscounted cash flow from such asset is separately identifiable and is less than its carrying value. In that event, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair market value of the long-lived asset. Fair market value is determined primarily using the anticipated cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved. Losses on long-lived assets to be disposed of are determined in a similar manner, except that fair market values are reduced for disposal costs.

The Company recognized no impairment loss during the reporting period.

(l) Revenue Recognition

The Company adopted ASC Topic 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers with a date of the initial application of January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. As a result, the Company has changed its accounting policy for revenue recognition. The impact of the adoption of ASC Topic 606 on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements is not material.

The Company recognizes revenue when goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration which it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In determining when and how revenue is recognized from contracts with customers, the Company performs the following five-step analysis: (i) identification of contract with customer; (ii) determination of performance obligations; (iii) measurement of the transaction price; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recognition of revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation.

The Company generates revenue through the sale of EV products, EV parts and off-road vehicles. The revenue is recognized at a point in time once the Company has determined that the customer has obtained control over the product. Control is typically deemed to have been transferred to the customer when the performance obligation is fulfilled, usually at the time of delivery, at the net sales price (transaction price). Estimates of variable consideration, such as volume discounts and rebates, are determined, reviewed and revised periodically by management. Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. Shipping and handling costs for product shipments occur prior to the customer obtaining control of the goods are accounted for as fulfillment costs rather than separate performance obligations and recorded as sales and marketing expenses.

The Company’s contracts are predominantly short-term in nature with a contract term of one year or less. For those contracts, the Company has utilized the practical expedient in ASC Topic 606 exempting the Company from disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations if the performance obligation is part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less.

Receivables are recorded when the Company has an unconditional right to consideration.

See Note 24 “Segment Reporting” for disaggregation of revenue by reporting segments. The Company believes this disaggregation best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

(m) Research and Development

Expenditures relating to the development of new products and processes, including improvements to existing products, are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses were $5,691,649 and $657,851for the three months ended September 30, 2018, and September 30, 2017, respectively. Research and development expenses were $7,091,836 and $26,569,624 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and September 30, 2017, respectively.

(n) Government Grants

Grants and subsidies received from the Chinese government are recognized when the proceeds are received or collectible and related milestones have been reached and all contingencies have been resolved.

For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, $607,008 and $474,950, respectively, were received by the Company’s subsidiaries from the Chinese government. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, $717,821 and $5,804,561, respectively, were received by the Company’s subsidiaries from the Chinese government.

(o) Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income tax using an asset and liability approach, which allows for the recognition of deferred tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The accounting for deferred tax calculation represents the Company management’s best estimate of the most likely future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns and related future anticipation. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will either expire before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or that future realization will be uncertain.

(p) Foreign Currency Translation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in United States dollars. The functional currency of the Company is the Renminbi (RMB). Capital accounts of the consolidated financial statements are translated into United States dollars from RMB at their historical exchange rates when the capital transactions occurred.

Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rates as of balance sheet date. Income and expenditures are translated at the average exchange rate of the reporting period, which rates are obtained from the website: http://www.oanda.com

	September 30,		December 31,		September 30,
	2018		2017		2017
Period end RMB : USD exchange rate		6.8665		6.5067		6.6536
Average RMB : USD exchange rate		6.5137		6.7568		6.807608

(q) Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income is defined to include all changes in equity except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Among other disclosures, all items that are required to be recognized under current accounting standards as components of comprehensive income are required to be reported in a financial statement that is presented with the same prominence as other financial statements. Comprehensive income includes net income and the foreign currency translation changes.

(r) Segments

In accordance with ASC 280-10, Segment Reporting, the Company’s chief operating decision makers rely upon the consolidated results of operations when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing the performance of the Company. As a result of the assessment made by the Company’s chief operating decision makers, the Company has only one operating segment. The Company does not distinguish between markets or segments for the purpose of internal reporting.

(s) Stock Option Expenses

The Company’s stock option expenses are recorded in accordance with ASC 718 and ASC 505.

The fair value of stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes-Merton model. The Company’s expected volatility assumption is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock. The expected life assumption is primarily based on the expiration date of the option. The risk-free interest rate for the expected term of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.

The recognition of stock option expenses is based on awards expected to vest. ASC standards require forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised in subsequent periods, if necessary, if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

The stock-based option expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, were $0 and $997,496. The stock-based option expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, were $1,586,926 net of a reversal for forfeited stock option of $2,644,877 and $4,126,008, respectively. See Note 19. There were no forfeitures estimated during the reporting period.

(t) Goodwill

The Company allocates goodwill from business combinations to reporting units based on the expectation that the reporting unit is to benefit from the business combination. The Company evaluates its reporting units on an annual basis and, if necessary, reassigns goodwill using a relative fair value allocation approach. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. These events or circumstances could include a significant change in the business climate, legal factors, operating performance indicators, competition, or sale or disposition of a significant portion of a reporting unit.

Application of the goodwill impairment test requires judgments, including the identification of reporting units, assignment of assets and liabilities to reporting units, assignment of goodwill to reporting units, and the determination of the fair value of each reporting unit. The Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired. If the more likely than not threshold is met, the Company performs a quantitative impairment test.

As of September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, the Company determined that its goodwill was not impaired.

(u) Intangible assets

Intangible assets consist of patent, trade names and customer relations associated with the purchase price from the allocation of YongkangScrou and Jinhua An Kao. Such assets are being amortized over their estimated useful lives. Intangible assets are amortized as of September 30, 2018. The amortization expenses for intangible assets were $157,817 and $20,524 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively. The amortization expenses for intangible assets were $493,405 and $61,571 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively.

(v) Accounting for Sale of Common Stock and Warrants

Gross proceeds are first allocated according to the initial fair value of the freestanding derivative instruments (i.e. the warrants issued to the Company’s investors in its previous offerings, or the “Investor Warrants”). The remaining proceeds are allocated to common stock. The related issuance expenses, including the placement agent cash fees, legal fees, the initial fair value of the warrants issued to the placement agent and others were allocated between the common stock and the Investor Warrants based on how the proceeds are allocated to these instruments. Expenses related to the issuance of common stock were charged to paid-in capital. Expenses related to the issuance of derivative instruments were expensed upon issuance.

(w) Consolidation of variable interest entities

In accordance with accounting standards regarding consolidation of variable interest entities, or VIEs, VIEs are generally entities that lack sufficient equity to finance their activities without additional financial support from other parties or whose equity holders lack adequate decision making ability. All VIEs with which the Company is involved must be evaluated to determine the primary beneficiary of the risks and rewards of the VIE. The primary beneficiary is required to consolidate the VIE for financial reporting purposes.

The Company has concluded, based on the contractual arrangements, that Kandi New Energy is a VIE and that the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Kandi Vehicles, absorbs a majority of the risk of loss from the activities of this company, thereby enabling the Company, through Kandi Vehicles, to receive a majority of its respective expected residual returns.

Additionally, because Kandi New Energy is under common control with other entities, the consolidated financial statements have been prepared as if the transactions had occurred retroactively as to the beginning of the reporting period of these consolidated financial statements.

Control and common control are defined under the accounting standards as “an individual, enterprise, or immediate family members who hold more than 50 percent of the voting ownership interest of each entity.” Because the owners collectively own 100% of Kandi New Energy, and have agreed to vote their interests in concert since the establishment of each of these three companies as memorialized the Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, the Company believes that the owners collectively have control and common control of Kandi New Energy. Accordingly, the Company believes that Kandi New Energy was constructively held under common control by Kandi Vehicles as of the time the contractual agreements were entered into, establishing Kandi Vehicles as their primary beneficiary. Kandi Vehicles, in turn, is owned by Continental, which is owned by the Company.

(x) Reclassification

The Company adopted ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) - Restricted Cash” in the first quarter of 2018. Certain amounts included in the 2017 condensed consolidated statement of cash flows have been reclassified to conform to the 2018 financial statement presentation as follows:

The Company has included restricted cash of $12,957,377 and $20,735,921, respectively, with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. As a result, the total amount at the beginning of the period on the statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 has changed from $12,235,921 to $25,193,298; the total amount at the end of the period on the statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 has changed from $3,560,510 to $24,296,431; and effect of exchange rate changes on the statement of cash of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 has changed from $199,530 to $1,011,615.

The Company has eliminated the line item of restricted cash of $5,875,786 from the section of investing activities on the statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. As a result, net cash provided by investing activities of $8,444,239 on the statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 has changed to net cash provided by investing activities of $2,568,453.The Company has eliminated the line item of restricted cash of $(12,922,105) from the section of financing activities on the statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. As a result, net cash used by financing activities of $16,700,441 on the statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 has changed to net cash used by financing activities of $3,778,336. Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash of $8,954,801 on the statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 has changed to net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash of $1,908,482.

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New Accounting Pronouncements

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

New Accounting Pronouncements [Abstract]

NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

NOTE 7 - NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

Recent accounting pronouncements that the Company has adopted or may be required to adopt in the future are summarized below:

In May 2014, the FASB issued a new standard on revenue recognition related to contracts with customers. This standard supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance and involves a five-step principles-based approach to recognizing revenue. The new model requires revenue recognition to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration a company expects to receive. The new standard also require additional qualitative and quantitative about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from customer contracts, including significant judgments made in applying the revenue guidance, and assets recognized from the costs to obtain or fulfill a contract. The Company adopted this standard in the first quarter of 2018 using the modified retrospective approach. The impact of adoption on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for any period presented is not material.

In November 2015, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2015-17, “Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes.” This ASU amends existing guidance to require that deferred income tax assets and liabilities be classified as non-current in a classified balance sheet, and eliminates the prior guidance which required an entity to separate deferred tax assets and liabilities into a current amount and a non-current amount in a classified balance sheet. The Company adopted this standard prospectively in the first quarter of 2018. The impact of adoption on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for any period presented is not material.

In October 2016, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Intra-Entity Transfers Other than Inventory, which requires companies to recognize the income-tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs, rather than when the asset has been sold to an outside party. The Company adopted this standard prospectively in the first quarter of 2018. The impact of adoption on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for any period presented is not material.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) - Restricted Cash,” (“ASU 2016-18”). This ASU requires a statement of cash flows to explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents, and amounts generally described as restricted cash or restricted cash equivalents. Amounts generally described as restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents should be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted this standard in the first quarter of 2018. The impact of adoption on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for any period presented is not material.

In January 2017, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ASU 2017-01, Business Combinations (Topic 805): Clarifying the Definition of a Business, which revises the definition of a business and provides new guidance in evaluating when a set of transferred assets and activities is a business. The Company adopted this standard prospectively in the first quarter of 2018. The impact of adoption on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for any period presented is not material.

In February 2018, the FASB released ASU 2018-2, “Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.” This standard update addresses a specific consequence of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“U.S. tax reform”) and allows a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings for the stranded tax effects resulting from U.S. tax reform. Consequently, the update eliminates the stranded tax effects that were created as a result of the historical U.S. federal corporate income tax rate to the newly enacted U.S. federal corporate income tax rate. The Company is required to adopt this standard in the first quarter of fiscal year 2020, with early adoption permitted. The amendments in this update should be applied either in the period of adoption or retrospectively to each period in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate in the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act is recognized. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the impact of adoption on its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Concentrations

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Concentrations [Abstract]

CONCENTRATIONS

NOTE 8 - CONCENTRATIONS

(a) Customers

For the three-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, the Company’s major customers, each of whom accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s consolidated revenue, were as follows:

	Sales						Trade Receivable
	Three Months			Three Months
	Ended			Ended
	September 30,			September 30,			September 30,			December 31,
Major Customers	2018			2017			2018			2017
Kandi Electric Vehicles Group Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries		61	%		77	%		66	%		74	%
JinhuaChaoneng Automobile Sales Co., Ltd.		24	%		19	%		18	%		-

For the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, the Company’s major customers, each of whom accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s consolidated revenue, were as follows:

	Sales						Trade Receivable
	Nine Months			Nine Months
	Ended			Ended
	September 30,			September 30,			September 30,			December 31,
Major Customers	2018			2017			2018			2017
Kandi Electric Vehicles Group Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries		49	%		82	%		66	%		74	%
JinhuaChaoneng Automobile Sales Co. Ltd.		24	%		11	%		18	%		-
Zhejiang Shikong Energy Technology Co., Ltd.		13	%		-			-			-

(b) Suppliers

For the three-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, the Company’s material suppliers, each of whom accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s total purchases, were as follows:

	Purchases					Accounts Payable
	Three Months			Three Months
	Ended			Ended
	September 30,			September 30,		September 30,			December 31,
Major Suppliers	2018			2017		2018			2017
Jiangsu TianPeng power Co., Ltd.		25	%		-		13	%		-
Shenzhen BiKe Power Battery Co., Ltd.		26	%		-		8	%		-

For the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, the Company’s material suppliers, each of whom accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s total purchases, were as follows:

	Purchases					Accounts Payable
	Nine Months			Nine Months
	Ended			Ended
	September 30,			September 30,		September 30,			December 31,
Major Suppliers	2018			2017		2018			2017
Jiangsu TianPeng power supply Co., Ltd.		19	%		-		13	%		-
Shenzhen BiKe Power Battery Co., Ltd.		18	%		-		8	%		-
Shanghai de Lang Power Battery Co., Ltd.		16	%		-		-			-

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Earnings Per Share

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

EARNINGS PER SHARE

NOTE 9 - EARNINGS PER SHARE

The Company calculates earnings per share in accordance with ASC 260, Earnings Per Share, which requires a dual presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Basic earnings per share are computed using the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the reporting period. Diluted earnings per share represents basic earnings per share adjusted to include the potentially dilutive effect of outstanding stock options and warrants (using treasury stock method). For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, the average number of potentially dilutive common shares was zero. The potential dilutive common shares as at the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, were 3,900,000 and 4,400,000 shares respectively.

The following is the calculation of earnings per share for the three-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

	For three months ended
	September 30,
	2018			2017
Net (loss) income	$	(6,521,399	)	$	1,918,076
Weighted average shares used in basic computation		51,474,048			48,028,467
Dilutive shares		-			-
Weighted average shares used in diluted computation		51,474,048			48,028,467
(Loss) income per share:
Basic	$	(0.13	)	$	0.04
Diluted	$	(0.13	)	$	0.04

The following is the calculation of earnings per share for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2018 and 2017:

	For Nine months ended
	September 30,
	2018			2017
Net loss	$	(1,418,879	)	$	(33,793,376	)
Weighted average shares used in basic computation		51,089,047			47,913,028
Dilutive shares		-			-
Weighted average shares used in diluted computation		51,089,047			47,913,028
Loss per share:
Basic	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.71	)
Diluted	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.71	)

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Accounts Receivable

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Accounts Receivable [Abstract]

ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

NOTE 10 - ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Accounts receivable are summarized as follows:

	September 30,			December 31,
	2018			2017
Accounts receivable	$	40,430,594		$	34,531,788
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts		(319,421	)		(133,930	)
Accounts receivable, net	$	40,111,173		$	34,397,858

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Inventories

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Inventories [Abstract]

INVENTORIES

NOTE 11 - INVENTORIES

Inventories are summarized as follows:

	September 30,			December 31,
	2018			2017
Raw material	$	6,881,825		$	7,256,498
Work-in-progress		5,459,200			2,831,678
Finished goods		3,998,427			6,512,537
Total inventories		16,339,452			16,600,713
Less: provision for slowing moving inventories		(662,769	)		(620,919	)
Inventories, net	$	15,676,683		$	15,979,794

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Notes Receivable

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Notes Receivable [Abstract]

NOTES RECEIVABLE

NOTE 12 - NOTES RECEIVABLE 

Notes receivable from unrelated parties as of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, are summarized as follows:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
Notes receivable as below:
Bank acceptance notes		72,817		-
Notes receivable	$	72,817	$	-

Details of notes receivable from unrelated parties as of September 30, 2018, are as set forth below:

Index	Amount ($)		Counter party	Relationship	Nature	Manner of settlement
1		72,817	Shaanxi Hua Dao Auto Sales Co., Ltd.	Third Party	Payments for sales	Not due

Notes receivable from the JV Company and related parties as of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, are summarized as follows:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
Notes receivable as below:
Bank acceptance notes		2,184,519		1,137,289
Notes receivable	$	2,184,519	$	1,137,289

Details of notes receivable from the JV Company and related parties as of September 30, 2018, are as set forth below:

Index	Amount ($)		Counter party	Relationship	Nature	Manner of settlement
1		2,184,519	Kandi Electric Vehicles Group Co., Ltd.	Joint Venture of the Company	Payments for sales	Not due

Details of notes receivable from the JV Company and related parties as of December 31, 2017, are as set forth below:

Index	Amount ($)		Counter party	Relationship	Nature	Manner of settlement
1		922,126	Kandi Electric Vehicles Group Co., Ltd.	Joint Venture of the Company	Payments for sales	Not due
2		153,688	Kandi Jiangsu	Subsidiary of the JV Company	Payments for sales	Not due
3		61,475	KandiChangxing	Subsidiary of the JV Company	Payments for sales	Not due

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Property, Plant and Equipment

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

NOTE 13 - PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Property, plants and equipment as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, consisted of the following:

	September 30,			December 31,
	2018			2017
At cost:
Buildings	$	30,512,866		$	13,853,340
Machinery and equipment		63,567,339			7,916,562
Office equipment		511,999			532,774
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment		419,080			382,866
Molds and others		27,279,795			28,659,714
		122,291,079			51,345,256
Less : Accumulated depreciation
Buildings	$	(4,769,947	)	$	(4,683,040	)
Machinery and equipment		(7,187,655	)		(7,216,464	)
Office equipment		(236,702	)		(305,367	)
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment		(317,789	)		(310,631	)
Molds and others		(25,669,706	)		(26,306,306	)
		(38,181,799	)		(38,821,808	)
Less: provision for impairment for fixed assets		(444,288	)		(522,477	)
Plant and equipment, net	$	83,664,992		$	12,000,971

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the net book value of plants and equipment pledged as collateral for bank loans was $8,224,667 and $9,019,993, respectively.

Depreciation expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017 were $239,434 and $1,119,307, respectively. Depreciation expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017 were $1,511,018 and $3,253,653, respectively

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Land Use Rights

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Land Use Rights [Abstract]

LAND USE RIGHTS

NOTE 14 - LAND USE RIGHTS

The Company’s land use rights consist of the following:

	September 30,			December 31,
	2018			2017
Cost of land use rights	$	14,947,038		$	15,676,450
Less: Accumulated amortization		(3,098,072	)		(3,010,403	)
Land use rights, net	$	11,848,966		$	12,666,047

As of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, the net book value of land use rights pledged as collateral for the Company’s bank loans was $7,823,541 and $8,993,913, respectively. Also see Note 16.

The amortization expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, were $82,586 and $82,054, respectively. The amortization expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, were $267,177 and $241,437, respectively. Amortization expenses for the next five years and thereafter is as follows:

2018(Three Months)	$	89,059
2019		356,236
2020		356,236
2021		356,236
2022		356,236
Thereafter		10,334,963
Total	$	11,848,966

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Construction-in-Progress

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Construction-in-Progress [Abstract]

CONSTRUCTION-IN-PROGRESS

NOTE 15 - CONSTRUCTION-IN-PROGRESS

Hainan Facility

In April 2013, the Company signed an agreement with the Wanning city government in Hainan Province to invest a total of RMB 1 billion to establish a factory in Wanning to manufacture 100,000 EV products annually. In January 2016, the Hainan Province government implemented a development plan to centralize manufacturing in certain designated industry parks. As a result, the Wanning facility was relocated from Wanning city to the Haikou city high-tech zone. Based on the agreement with the government, all the expenses and lost assets resulting from the relocation were compensated for by the local government. As a result of the relocation, the contracts to build the manufacturing facility had to be revised in terms of total contract amount, technical requirements, completion milestones and others for the new construction site in Haikou. Currently, the Hainan facility’s main project including manufacturing plant and office, main manufacturing equipment and facilities has been completed and the Company has transferred associated construction-in-progress to fixed assets in the third quarter of 2018.

No depreciation is provided for CIP until such time as the facility is completed and placed into operation.

As of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, the Company’s CIP were$0 and $53,083,925, respectively.

All interest expenses previously capitalized for CIP were reimbursed by the government. There was no interest expense capitalized for CIP for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.

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Short -Term and Long-Term Bank Loans

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Short -Term and Long-Term Bank Loans / Notes payable [Abstract]

SHORT -TERM AND LONG-TERM BANK LOANS

NOTE 16 - SHORT -TERM AND LONG-TERM BANK LOANS

Short-term loans are summarized as follows:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
Loans from China Ever-bright Bank
Interest rate 5.22% per annum, paid off on April 25, 2018, secured by the assets of Kandi Vehicle, guaranteed by Mr. Hu Xiaoming and his wife, also guaranteed by company’s subsidiaries. Also see Note 13 and Note 14.		-		10,758,141
Interest rate 5.655% per annum, due on April 25, 2019,  secured by the assets of Kandi Vehicle, guaranteed by Mr. Hu Xiaoming and his wife, also guaranteed by company’s subsidiaries. Also see Note 13 and Note 14.		10,194,423		-
Loans from Hangzhou Bank
Interest rate 4.79% per annum, paid off on October 15, 2018, secured by the assets of Kandi Vehicle. Also see Note 13 and Note 14.		7,106,969		7,499,962
Interest rate 4.79% per annum, paid off on July 4, 2018,secured by the assets of Kandi Vehicle. Also see Note 13 and Note 14.		-		11,096,255
Interest rate 5.66% per annum, due on July 1, 2019,secured by the assets of Kandi Vehicle. Also see Note 13 and Note 14.		5,825,384		-
Interest rate 5.66% per annum, due on July 4, 2019,secured by the assets of Kandi Vehicle. Also see Note 13 and Note 14.		4,689,434		-
Interest rate 4.35% per annum, paid off on March 26, 2018, secured by the assets of Kandi Vehicle. Also see Note 13 and Note 14.		-		3,688,506
Interest rate 5.66% per annum, due March 25, 2019, secured by the assets of Kandi Vehicle. Also see Note 13 and Note 14.		2,767,057		-
	$	30,583,267	$	33,042,864

Long-term loans are summarized as follows:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
Loans from Haikou Rural Credit Cooperative
Interest rate 7% per annum, due on December 12, 2021, guaranteed by Kandi Vehicle and Kandi New Energy.		28,981,286		30,737,547
	$	28,981,286		30,737,547

The interest expense of short-term and long-term bank loans for the three months ended September 30, 2018, and 2017 was $426,167 and $387,119, respectively. The interest expense of short-term and long-term bank loans for the nine months ended September June 30, 2018, and 2017 was $1,274,399 and $1,123,105, respectively.

As of September 30, 2018, the aggregate amount of short-term and long-term loans guaranteed by various third parties was $0.

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Notes Payable

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Short -Term and Long-Term Bank Loans / Notes payable [Abstract]

NOTES PAYABLE

NOTE 17 - NOTES PAYABLE

By issuing bank notes payable rather than paying cash to suppliers, the Company can defer payments until the bank notes payable are due. Depending on bank requirements, the Company may need to deposit restricted cash in banks to back up the bank notes payable, while the restricted cash deposited in the banks will generate interest income.

A bank acceptance note is a promised future payment, or time draft, which is accepted and guaranteed by a bank and drawn on a deposit at the bank. The banker’s acceptance specifies the amount of the funds, the date, and the person to which the payment is due.

After acceptance, the draft becomes an unconditional liability of the bank, but the holder of the draft can sell (exchange) it for cash at a discount to a buyer who is willing to wait until the maturity date for the funds in the deposit. $8,854,584 and $11,218,688 were held as collateral for the notes payable as of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, respectively.

As is common business practice in the PRC, the Company issues notes payable to its suppliers as settlement for accounts payable.

The Company’s notes payable also include the borrowing from the third party.

Notes payable for September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were summarized as follows:

	September 30,		December 31,
Bank acceptance notes:	2018		2017
Due January 4, 2018	$	-	$	4,987,167
Due April 19, 2018		-		230,532
Due May 6, 2018		-		1,168,027
Due June 18, 2018		-		2,305,316
Due June 21, 2018		-		376,019
Due June 25, 2018		-		153,688
Due June 27, 2018		-		76,844
Due June 29, 2018		-		2,382,160
Due December 13, 2018		6,844,826		-
Due December 30, 2018		10,780,855		-
Due January 9, 2019		873,808		-
Due January 11, 2019		262,142		-
Due January 12, 2019		1,456,346		-
Due February 21, 2019		72,817		-
Due February 28, 2019		873,808		-
Due March 10, 2019		436,904		-
Due March 20, 2019		291,269		-
Commercial acceptance notes:
Due March 26, 2018		-		10,758,140
Other Notes Payable:
Due May 6, 2019		2,771,071		5,638,052
Total	$	24,663,846	$	28,075,945

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Taxes

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Taxes [Abstract]

TAXES

NOTE 18 - TAXES

(a) Corporation Income Tax

Pursuant to the tax laws and regulations of the PRC, the Company’s applicable corporate income tax (“CIT”) rate is 25%. However, Kandi Vehicles qualifies as a High and New Technology Enterprise (“HNTE”) company in the PRC, and is entitled to pay a reduced income tax rate of 15% for the years presented. HNTE needs to be authenticated every three years. In November 2017 the Company renewed its HNTE eligibility which will now expire in 2020. The applicable CIT rate of each of the Company’s four other subsidiaries, Kandi New Energy, YongkangScrou, Kandi Hainan and Jinhua An Kao, the JV Company and its subsidiaries, and the Service Company is 25%.

Our tax provision or benefit from income taxes for interim periods is determined using an estimate of our annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that are taken into account in the relevant period. Each quarter we update our estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if our estimated tax rate changes, we make a cumulative adjustment. For 2018, we estimate that our effective tax rate will be favorably affected by non-taxable income such as the share of income of the JV Company and the gain from the change of fair value of contingent liabilities and certain research and development super-deduction and adversely affected by non-deductible expenses such as part of entertainment expenses. We record valuation allowances against the deferred tax assets associated with losses for which we may not realize a related tax benefit. After combining research and development tax credits of 25% on certain qualified research and development expenses, the Company’s effective tax rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and 2017 were a tax benefit of 20.70% on a reported loss before taxes of approximately $1.8million, and an effective income tax rate with a tax benefit of 10.89% for the same period of last year on a reported loss before taxes of approximately $37.9 million, respectively.

Our quarterly tax provision, and our quarterly estimate of our annual effective tax rate, is subject to significant variation due to several factors, including variability in accurately predicting our pre-tax and taxable income and loss, acquisitions (including integrations) and investments, changes in our stock price, changes in our deferred tax assets and liabilities and their valuation, foreign currency gains (losses), changes in regulations and interpretations related to tax, accounting, and other areas. Additionally, our effective tax rate can be more or less volatile based on the amount of pre-tax income or loss. Our income tax provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 was tax benefits of $370,316 and tax benefits of $4,130,951, respectively.

Effective January 1, 2007, the Company adopted the guidance in ASC 740 related to uncertain tax positions. The guidance addresses the determination of whether tax benefits claimed or expected to be claimed on a tax return should be recorded in the financial statements. Under ASC 740, the Company may recognize the tax benefit from an uncertain tax position only if it is more likely than not that the tax position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities, based on the technical merits of the position. The tax benefits recognized in the financial statements from such a position should be measured based on the largest benefit that has a greater than fifty percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. ASC 740 also provides guidance on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties on income taxes, accounting in interim periods and requires increased disclosures. As of September 30, 2018, the Company did not have any liability for unrecognized tax benefits. The Company files income tax returns with the U.S. Internal Revenue Services (“IRS”) and those states where the Company has operations. The Company is subject to U.S. federal or state income tax examinations by the IRS and relevant state tax authorities for years after 2006. During the periods open to examination, the Company has net operating loss carry forwards (“NOLs”) for U.S. federal and state tax purposes that have attributes from closed periods. Since these NOLs may be utilized in future periods, they remain subject to examination. The Company also files certain tax returns in the PRC. As of September 30, 2018, the Company was not aware of any pending income tax examinations by U.S. or PRC tax authorities. The Company records interest and penalties on uncertain tax provisions as income tax expense. As of September 30, 2018 the Company has no accrued interest or penalties related to uncertain tax positions. The Company has not recorded a provision for U.S. federal income tax for nine months ended September 30, 2018 due to a net operating loss for the U.S. companies as a whole in the first three quarters of 2018 and an accumulated net operating loss carry forward from prior years in the United States.

As of September 30, 2018, the aggregate NOLs in 2016 through 2017 of $23.60 million deriving from entities in the PRC will expire in varying amount between 2021 and 2022.The cumulative net operating loss in the PRC can be carried forward for five years, to offset future net profits for income tax purposes. The cumulative net operating loss in the U.S. can be carried forward for twenty years. The cumulative net operating loss in Hong Kong can be carried forward without an expiration date.

(b) Tax Holiday Effect

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the PRC CIT rate was 25%. Certain subsidiaries of the Company are entitled to tax exemptions (tax holidays) for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

The combined effects of income tax expense exemptions and reductions available to the Company for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2018		2017
Tax benefit (holiday) credit	$	1,345,541	$	55,439
Basic net income per share effect	$	0.000	$	0.000

(c) The Tax Cuts and Job Act

On December 22, 2017, the U.S. government enacted comprehensive tax legislation commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“Tax Act”). The Tax Act makes broad and complex changes to the U.S. tax code that will affect our fiscal period ended September 30, 2018 and going-forwarding, including, but not limited to, (1) reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate effective January 1, 2018, (2) requiring a one-time transition tax on certain unrepatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries that is payable over eight years.

The SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin (“SAB”) No. 118, which provides guidance on accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Act. SAB 118 provides a measurement period that should not extend beyond one year from the Tax Act enactment date for companies to complete the accounting under ASC 740. In accordance with SAB 118, a company must reflect the income tax effects of those aspects of the Tax Act for which the accounting under ASC 740 is complete. To the extent that a company’s accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act is incomplete but it is able to determine a reasonable estimate, it must record a provisional estimate in the financial statements. If a company cannot determine a provisional estimate to be included in the financial statements, it should continue to apply ASC 740 on the basis of the provisions of the tax laws that were in effect immediately before the enactment of the Tax Act.

For various reasons that are discussed more fully below, we have not fully completed our accounting for the income tax effects of certain elements of the Tax Act. If we were able to make reasonable estimates of the effects of elements for which our analysis is not yet complete, we recorded provisional adjustments. If we were not yet able to make reasonable estimates of the impact of certain elements, we have not recorded any adjustments related to those elements and have continued accounting for them in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of the tax laws in effect before the Tax Act.

Our accounting for the following elements of the Tax Act is incomplete. However, we were able to make reasonable estimates of certain effects and, therefore, recorded provisional adjustments as follows:

Reduction of U.S. Federal Corporate Tax Rate: The Tax Act reduces the corporate tax rate to 21.0%, effective January 1, 2018. For certain deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, we have recorded a provisional decrease of $0.3 million, respectively, with a corresponding net adjustment to valuation allowance of $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2017. While we are able to make a reasonable estimate of the impact of the reduction in corporate rate, it may be affected by other analyses related to the Tax Act, including, but not limited to, our calculation of deemed repatriation of deferred foreign income and the state tax effect of adjustments made to federal temporary differences.

Deemed Repatriation Transition Tax: The Deemed Repatriation Transition Tax (“Transition Tax”) is a tax on previously untaxed accumulated and current earnings and profits (“E&P”) of certain foreign subsidiaries. To determine the amount of the Transition Tax, we must determine, in addition to other factors, the amount of post-1986 E&P of the relevant subsidiaries, as well as the amount of non-U.S. income taxes paid on such earnings. Due to the timing of the enactment and the complexity involved in applying the provisions of the Act, we could not made reasonable estimates of the effects and did not record provisional amounts in our financial statements as of September 30, 2018. However, we are continuing to gather information to precisely compute the amount of the Transition Tax.

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Stock Options

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Stock Options [Abstract]

STOCK OPTIONS

NOTE 19 - STOCK OPTIONS

On May 29, 2015, the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company approved the grant of stock options to purchase 4,900,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, at an exercise price of $9.72 per share, to the Company’s directors, officers and senior employees. The stock options will vest ratably over three years and expire on the tenth anniversary of the grant date. The Company valued the stock options at $39,990,540 and will amortize the stock compensation expense using the straight-line method over the service period from May 29, 2015, through May 29, 2018. The value of the stock options was estimated using the Black Scholes Model with an expected volatility of 90%, an expected life of 10 years, a risk-free interest rate of 2.23% and an expected dividend yield of 0.00%. There were $1,586,926 in stock compensation expenses associated with stock options booked for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. After netting of an expense reversal of $2,644,877 for forfeited stock options for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the net stock compensation expenses associated with stock options were negative $1,057,951 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

The following is a summary of the stock option activities of the Company:

Outstanding as of January 1, 2017	4,566,667			9.72
Granted	-			-
Exercised	-			-
Cancelled	-			-
Forfeited	(333,333	)		9.72
Outstanding as of December 31, 2017	4,233,334		$	9.72
Granted	-			-
Exercised	-			-
Cancelled	-			-
Forfeited	(333,334	)		9.72
Outstanding as of September 30, 2018	3,900,000		$	9.72

The fair value of each of the 4,900,000 options issued to the employees and directors on May 29, 2015 is $8.1613 per share.

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Stock Award

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Stock Award [Abstract]

STOCK AWARD

NOTE 20 - STOCK AWARD

In connection with the appointment of Mr. Henry Yu as a member of the Board of Directors (the “Board”), and as compensation, the Board authorized the Company to provide Mr. Henry Yu with 5,000 shares of Company’s restricted common stock every six months, beginning in July 2011.

As compensation for Mr. Jerry Lewin’s services as a member of the Board, the Board authorized the Company to provide Mr. Jerry Lewin with 5,000 shares of Company’s restricted common stock every six months, beginning in August 2011.

As compensation for Ms. Kewa Luo’s services as the Company’s investor relation officer, the Board authorized the Company to provide Ms. Kewa Luo with 5,000 shares of the Company’s common stock every six months, beginning in September 2013.

In November 2016, the Company entered into a three-year employment agreement with Mr. Mei Bing, who is now the Company’s Chief Financial Officer. Under the agreement, Mr. Mei Bing is entitled to receive an aggregate 10,000 shares of common stock each year, vested in four equal quarterly installments of 2,500 shares.

The fair value of stock awards based on service is determined based on the closing price of the common stock on the date the shares are approved by the Board for grant. The compensation costs for awards of common stock are recognized over the requisite service period of three or six months.

On December 30, 2013, the Board approved a proposal (as submitted by the Compensation Committee) of an award (the “Board’s Pre-Approved Award Grant Sub-Plan under the 2008 Plan”) for certain executives and other key employees, comprising a total of 335,000 shares of common stock for each fiscal year, beginning with the 2013 fiscal year, under the Company’s 2008 Omnibus Long-Term Incentive Plan (the “2008 Plan”), if the Company’s“Non-GAAP Net Income” for the current fiscal year increased by 10% comparing to that of the 2013. The specific number of shares of common stock to be issued in respect of such award could proportionally increase or decrease if the actual Non-GAAP Net Income increase is more or less than 10%. “Non-GAAP Net Income” means the Company’s net income for a particular year calculated in accordance with GAAP, excluding option-related expenses, stock award expenses, and the effects caused by the change of fair value of financial derivatives. For example, if Non-GAAP Net Income for the 2014 fiscal year increased by 10% compared to the Non-GAAP Net Income for the 2013 fiscal year, the selected executives and other key employees each would be granted his or her target amount of common stock of the Company. If Non-GAAP Net Income in 2014 is less than Non-GAAP Net Income in 2013, then no common stock would be granted. If Non-GAAP Net Income in 2014 increased compared to Non-GAAP Net Income in 2013 but the increase is less than 10%, then the target amount of the common stock grant would be proportionately decreased. If Non-GAAP Net Income in 2014 increased compared to Non- GAAP Net Income in 2013 but the increase is more than 10%, then the target amount of the common stock grant would be proportionately increased up to 200% of the target amount based on the modification to 2013’s proposal in 2014. Any such increase in the grant would be subject to the total number of shares available under the 2008 Plan, and the Company’s Board and shareholders will need to approve any increase in the number of shares reserved under the 2008 Plan if all the shares originally reserved are granted. On May 20, 2015, the shareholders of the Company approved an increase of 9,000,000 shares under the 2008 Plan at its annual meeting. On September 26, 2016, the Board approved to terminate the previous Board’s Pre-Approved Award Grant Sub-Plan under the 2008 Plan and adopted a new plan to reduce the total number of shares of common stock of the stock award for selected executives and key employees from 335,000 shares of common stock to 250,000 shares of common stock for each fiscal year, with the other terms remaining the same. On February 13, 2017, the Board authorized the Company to grant 246,900 shares of common shares to certain management members and employees as compensation for their past services under the 2008 Plan. On April 18, 2018, the Board authorized the Company to grant 238,600 shares of common shares to certain management members and employees as compensation for their past services under the 2008 Plan.

The fair value of each award granted under the 2008 Plan is determined based on the closing price of the Company’s stock on the date of grant of such award. Stock-based compensation expenses are calculated based on grant date fair value and number of awards expected to be earned at the end of each quarter and recognized in the quarter. In subsequent periods, stock-based compensation expenses are adjusted based on grant date fair value and the change of number of awards expected to be earned. Final stock-based compensation expenses for the year are calculated based on grant date fair value and number of awards earned for the year and recognized at the end of year.

For three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized $31,675 and $31,675 of employee stock award expenses for stock compensation and annual incentive award under the 2008 Plan paid to Board members, management and consultants under General and Administrative Expenses, respectively. For nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, the Company recognized $1,311,885 and $1,396,350 of employee stock award expenses for stock compensation and annual incentive award under the 2008 Plan paid to Board members, management and consultants under General and Administrative Expenses, respectively.

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Intangible Assets

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Intangible Assets [Abstract]

INTANGIBLE ASSETS

NOTE 21 - INTANGIBLE ASSETS

Intangible assets include acquired other intangibles of trade name, customer relations and patent recorded at estimated fair values in accordance with purchase accounting guidelines for acquisitions. The Company acquired patents as a result of its acquisition of Jinhua An Kao which were valued in conjunction with the Company’s purchase accounting at approximately $5 million (see Note 26). The patents acquired have estimated economic useful lives of approximately 7.5 to 9.17 years.

The following table provides the gross carrying value and accumulated amortization for each major class of our intangible assets, other than goodwill:

		September 30,			December 31,
	Remaining useful life	2018			2017
Gross carrying amount:
Trade name	3.25 years	$	492,235		$	492,235
Customer relations	3.25 years		304,086			304,086
Patent	6.75-8.42 years		4,631,180			-
			5,427,501			796,321
Less : Accumulated amortization
Trade name		$	(325,621	)	$	(287,561	)
Customer relations			(201,156	)		(177,644	)
Patent			(409,644	)		-
			(936,421	)		(465,205	)
Intangible assets, net		$	4,491,080		$	331,116

The aggregate amortization expenses for those intangible assets that continue to be amortized is reflected in amortization of intangible assets in the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income and were $157,817 and $20,524 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $493,405 and $61,571 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Amortization expenses for the next five years and thereafter are as follows:

2018(Three Months)	$	164,467
2019		657,872
2020		657,872
2021		657,872
2022		578,513
Thereafter		1,774,484
Total	$	4,491,080

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Summarized Information of Equity Method Investment in the JV Company

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Summarized Information of Equity Method Investment in the JV Company [Abstract]

SUMMARIZED INFORMATION OF EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENT IN THE JV COMPANY

NOTE 22 - SUMMARIZED INFORMATION OF EQUITY METHOD INVESTMENT IN THE JV COMPANY

The Company’s consolidated net income includes the Company’s proportionate share of the net income or loss of the Company’s equity method investees. When the Company records its proportionate share of net income in such investees, it increases equity income (loss) – net in the Company’s consolidated statements of income and the Company’s carrying value in that investment. Conversely, when the Company records its proportionate share of a net loss in such investees, it decreases equity income (loss) – net in the Company’s consolidated statements of income and the Company’s carrying value in that investment. All intra-entity profits and losses with the Company’s equity method investees have been eliminated.

As of September 30, 2018, the JV Company consolidated its interests in the following entities on its financial statements: (1) its 100% interest in KandiChangxing; (2) its 100% interest in Zhejiang Chang Dian and each of its three direct wholly-owned subsidiaries, i.e., Chang Dian Tonglu, Chang Dian Changxing and JiangsuGu Xiang; (3) its 100% interest in Kandi Shanghai; (4) its 100% interest in Kandi Jiangsu and each of its four direct wholly-owned subsidiaries, i.e., JiHeKang, JiHeKang Service Company, Liuchuang and KandiJinhua; and (5) 100% interest in each of the directly wholly-owned subsidiaries of JiHeKang, i.e., Tianjin BoHaiWan, Jiangsu JiDian, JiHeKang Tianjin and Guangdong JiHeKang. The Company accounted for its investments in the JV Company under the equity method of accounting because the Company has a 50% ownership interest in the JV Company. As a result, the Company’s consolidated net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and 2017, included equity income from the JV Company during such periods.

The combined results of operations and financial position of the JV Company are summarized below:

	Three Months ended
	September 30,
	2018			2017
Condensed income statement information:
Net sales	$	19,880,543		$	86,181,120
Gross profits		3,133,283			5,279,283
Gross margin		15.8	%		6.1	%
Net loss		(5,860,746	)		(480,622	)
% of net sales		-29.5	%		-0.6	%
Company’s share in net loss of JV based on 50% ownership	$	(2,930,373	)	$	(240,311	)

	Nine Months ended
	September 30,
	2018			2017
Condensed income statement information:
Net sales	$	73,292,774		$	106,109,272
Gross profits		4,007,896			3,454,547
Gross margin		5.5	%		3.3	%
Net loss		(87,969	)		(25,665,734	)
% of net sales		-0.1	%		-24.2	%
Company’s share in net loss of JV based on 50% ownership	$	(43,985	)	$	(12,832,867	)

	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
Condensed balance sheet information:
Current assets	$	696,525,009	$	696,683,086
Noncurrent assets		170,713,320		179,943,752
Total assets	$	867,238,329	$	876,626,838
Current liabilities		573,013,782		703,629,444
Noncurrent liabilities		760,751		30,737,547
Equity		293,463,796		142,259,847
Total liabilities and equity	$	867,238,329	$	876,626,838

For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and 2017, the JV Company’s revenues were derived primarily from the sales of EV products and EV parts in China. During the first nine months of 2018, the JV Company sold a total of 6,599 units of EV products in the PRC. Because the Company has a 50% ownership interest in the JV Company and accounted for its investments in the JV Company under the equity method of accounting, the Company did not consolidate the JV Company’s financial results, but rather included equity income from the JV Company during such periods.

Note: The following table illustrates the captions used in the Company’s Income Statements for its equity based investment in the JV Company.

The Company’s equity method investments in the JV Company for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 are as follows:

	September 30,			September 30,
	2018			2017
Investment in JV Company, beginning of the period,	$	70,681,013		$	77,453,014
Investment in JV Company in 2018		79,370,859			-
Share of loss
Company’s share in net loss of JV based on  50% ownership		(43,985	)		(12,832,867	)
Intercompany transaction elimination		(484,037	)		(848,200	)
Year 2017 unrealized profit realized		448,429			225,281
Subtotal		(79,593	)		(13,455,786	)
Exchange difference		(3,699,548	)		3,090,575
Investment in JV Company, end of the period	$	146,272,731		$	67,087,803

Sales to the Company’s customers, the JV Company and its subsidiaries, for the three months ended September 30, 2018, were $23,135,326 or 60.9% of the Company’s total revenue,anincreaseof6.4% from $21,749,790 of the same quarter last year. Sales to the Company’s customers, the JV Company and its subsidiaries, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, were $30,479,521 or 48.6% of the Company’s total revenue, a decrease of 38.1% from $49,233,156 of the same quarter last year. Sales to the JV Company and its subsidiaries were primarily of battery packs, body parts, EV drive motors, EV controllers, air conditioning units and other auto parts.

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the current and noncurrent amount due from the JV Company and its subsidiaries, was $77,423,493 and $162,329,623, respectively. The breakdown is as below:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
Kandi Shanghai	$	40,133,861	$	2,354,195
KandiChangxing		237,571		912,760
KandiJinhua		-		15,718
Kandi Jiangsu		1,456,095		1,506,199
Liuchuang		119,851		-
Zhejiang Chang Dian		272,444		-
JV Company		35,203,671		157,540,751
Consolidated JV	$	77,423,493	$	162,329,623

On May 23, 2018, in order to obtain the manufacturing license, the JV Company increased its registered capital by RMB 1.09 billion (approximately $159 million), of which Kandi Vehicle contributed its portion by converting the loans lent to the JV company in the amount of RMB 545 million (approximately $79 million) that were previously included in the current and noncurrent amount due from the JV Company and its subsidiaries to the JV Company’s registered capital. Geely Group became a new shareholder of the JV Company by investing RMB 545 million (approximately $79 million) in the JV Company.

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the current and noncurrent amount due to the JV Company and its subsidiaries, was $37,300 and $0, respectively. The breakdown is as below:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
KandiJinhua	$	37,300	$	-
Consolidated JV	$	37,300	$	-

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Commitments and Contingencies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Commitments and Contingencies [Abstract]

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

NOTE 23 - COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Guarantees and pledged collateral for bank loans to other parties

(1) Guarantees for bank loans

	September 30,		December 31,
Guarantee provided to	2018		2017
Kandi Electric Vehicles Group Co., Ltd.		7,281,730		-
Kandi Electric Vehicles Jiangsu Co., Ltd.		7,281,730		-
Total	$	14,563,460	$	-

On March 15, 2013, the Company entered into a guarantee contract to serve as the guarantor of Nanlong Group Co., Ltd. (“NGCL”) for NGCL’s loan in the amount of $2,912,692 from Shanghai Pudong Development Bank Jinhua Branch, with a related loan period of March 15, 2013, to March 15, 2016. NGCL is not related to the Company. Under this guarantee contract, the Company agreed to assume joint liability as the loan guarantor. In April 2017, Shanghai Pudong Development Bank filed a suit against NGCL, the Company and ten other parties in Zhejiang Province People’s Court in Yongkang City, alleging NGCL defaulted on a bank loan borrowed from Shanghai Pudong Development Bank for a principal amount of approximately $2.9 million and demanding the guarantor to bear the liability for compensation. On May 27, 2017, a judicial mediation took place in Yongkang City and a mediation settlement reached in court, which the plaintiff agreed NGCL would repay the loan principal and interest plus legal expenses in installments. As of September 30, 2018, according to the enterprise credit report issued by the Credit Center of People’s Bank of China (PBOC) or the central bank of the People’s Republic of China, the Company’s guarantee for NGCL’s loan has been removed. The Company expects the likelihood of incurring losses in connection with this matter to be remote.

On September 29, 2015, the Company entered into a guarantee contract to serve as the guarantor of Zhejiang Shuguang Industrial Co., Ltd. (“ZSICL”) for a bank loan in the amount of $4,223,403 from Ping An Bank, with a related loan period of September 29, 2015, to September 28, 2016. ZSICL is not related to the Company. Under this guarantee contract, the Company agreed to perform all the obligations of ZSICL under the loan contract if ZSICL fails to perform its obligations as set forth therein. In August 2016, Ping An Bank Yiwu Branch (“Ping An Bank”) filed a suit against ZSICL, the Company, and three other parties in Zhejiang Province People’s Court in Yiwu City, alleging ZSICL defaulted on a bank loan borrowed from Pin An Bank for a principal amount of RMB 29 million or approximately $4.2 million (the “Principal”), for which the Company is a guarantor along with other three parties. On December 25, 2016, the court ruled that ZSICL should repay Ping An Bank the Principal and associated interest remaining on the bank loan within 10 days once the adjudication is effective; and the Company and other three parties, acted as guarantors, have joint liability for this bank loan. On July 31, 2017, the Company and Ping An Bank reached an agreement to settle. According to the agreement, the Company will pay Ping An Bank RMB 20 million or approximately $3.0 million in four installments before October 31, 2017 to release the Company from the guarantor liability for this default. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company has made all four installments in the total of RMB 20 million or approximately $3.0 million to Ping An Bank and thus the Company has been released from the guarantor liability for this default. According to the Company’s agreement with ZSICL, ZSICL agreed to reimburse all the Company’s losses due to ZSICL’s default on the loan principal and interests, of which RMB 9.9 million has been reimbursed to the Company as of the date of this report and the remaining RMB 10.1 million will be reimbursed in installments within next three years. The Company expects the likelihood of incurring losses in connection with this matter to be low.

On August29, 2018, the Company entered into a guarantee contract to serve as the guarantor for the JV Company for bank loans in the aggregate amount of $3,058,327 from Bank of China, with a related loan period of August29, 2018 to February29, 2019. Under this guarantee contract, the Company agreed to perform all the obligations of the JV Company under the loan contract if the JV Company fails to perform its obligations as set forth therein.

On August30, 2018, the Company entered into a guarantee contract to serve as the guarantor for Kandi Jiangsu for bank loans in the aggregate amount of $7,281,730 from China Merchants Bank Nantong branch, with a related loan period of August31, 2018 to February28, 2019. Under this guarantee contract, the Company agreed to perform all the obligations of the JV Company under the loan contract if the Kandi Jiangsu fails to perform its obligations as set forth therein.

On September 3, 2018, the Company entered into a guarantee contract to serve as the guarantor for the JV Company for bank loans in the aggregate amount of $4,223,403 from Bank of China, with a related loan period of September 3, 2018 to March 3, 2019. Under this guarantee contract, the Company agreed to perform all the obligations of the JV Company under the loan contract if the JV Company fails to perform its obligations as set forth therein.

(2) Pledged collateral for bank loans to other parties.

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, none of the Company’s land use rights or plants and equipment were pledged as collateral securing bank loans to other parties.

Litigation

Beginning in March 2017, putative shareholder class actions were filed against Kandi Technologies Group, Inc. and certain of its current and former directors and officers in the United States District Court for the Central District of California and the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. The complaints generally allege violations of the federal securities laws based Kandi’s disclosure in March 2017, that its financial statements for the years 2014, 2015and the first three quarters of 2016 would need to be restated, and seek damages on behalf of putative classes of shareholders who purchased or acquired Kandi’s securities prior to March 13, 2017. All the remaining cases are in the New York federal court, and lead plaintiff and lead counsel have been appointed.

Beginning in May 2017, purported shareholder derivative actions based on the same underlying events described above were filed against certain current and former directors of Kandi in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. Lead plaintiff and lead counsel have been appointed.

In October 2017, a shareholder filed a books and records action against the Company in the Delaware Court of Chancery pursuant to 8 Del. C. Section 220 seeking the production of certain documents generally relating to the same underlying items described above as well as attorney’s fees (the “Section 220 Litigation”). On September 28, 2018, the parties, through their respective counsel, agreed to dismiss the Section 220 Litigation with prejudice and with each party bearing its own attorney’s fees, costs, and expenses, thereby concluding the action.

The Company believes that although its financial statements for the years 2014, 2015 and the first three quarters of 2016 were restated, the restatements had no effect on its net income. The Company further believes that the claims referenced above are without merit, and it intends to defend against the lawsuits vigorously. The Company is unable to estimate the possible loss, if any, associated with this lawsuit. The ultimate outcome of any litigation is uncertain and the outcome of these matters, whether favorable or unfavorable, could have a negative impact on its financial condition or results of operations due to defense costs, diversion of management resources and other factors. Litigation can be costly, and adverse results in the cases could result in substantial monetary judgments. No assurance can be made that litigation will not have a material adverse effect on its future financial position.

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Segment Reporting

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

SEGMENT REPORTING

NOTE 24 - SEGMENT REPORTING

The Company has one operating segment. The Company’s revenue and long-lived assets are primarily derived from and located in China. The Company does not have manufacturing operations outside of China.

The following table sets forth disaggregation of revenue:

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017
	Sales Revenue		Sales Revenue
Primary geographical markets
Overseas	$	5,849,353	$	1,218,901
China		32,146,007		27,134,998
Total	$	37,995,360	$	28,353,899
Major products
EV parts	$	32,065,497	$	27,008,051
Off-road vehicles		5,929,863		1,345,848
Total	$	37,995,360	$	28,353,899
Timing of revenue recognition
Products transferred at a point in time	$	37,995,360	$	28,353,899
Total	$	37,995,360	$	28,353,899

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017
	Sales Revenue		Sales Revenue
Primary geographical markets
Overseas	$	8,337,793	$	3,621,439
China		54,353,080		56,332,312
Total	$	62,690,873	$	59,953,751
Major products
EV parts	$	53,947,874	$	55,875,765
Off-road vehicles		8,742,999		4,077,986
Total	$	62,690,873	$	59,953,751
Timing of revenue recognition
Products transferred at a point in time	$	62,690,873	$	59,953,751
Total	$	62,690,873	$	59,953,751

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Related Party Transactions

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Related Party Transactions

NOTE 25 - RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The Board must approve all related party transactions. All material related party transactions will be made or entered into on terms that are no less favorable to the Company than can be obtained from unaffiliated third parties.

There were no sales to related parties (other than the JV Company and its subsidiaries) for the three months and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

The details for amounts due from related parties (other than the JV Company) as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were as below:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
Service Company		-		162,048
Total due from related party	$	-	$	162,048

The Company had a 9.5% ownership interest in the Service Company and Mr. Hu, Chairman and CEO of the Company, has a 13% ownership interest in the Service Company. In June 2018, Kandi Vehicles transferred its 9.5% ownership interest in the Service Company to Geely Group. As a result of this transaction, the amounts due from related party in connection with the Service Company were transferred to accounts receivable. The main transactions between the Company and the Service Company are purchases by the Service Company of batteries and EV parts.

For transactions with the JV Company, please refer to Note 22.

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Acquisitions

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Acquisition [Abstract]

Acquisitions

NOTE 26 - ACQUISITIONS

Jinhua An Kao

On January 3, 2018, Kandi Vehicles completed the acquisition of 100% of the equity of Jinhua An Kao Power Technology Co., Ltd., located in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, China. Jinhua An Kao manufactures and markets a unique system of pure electric car battery replacement technologies including an intelligent constant-temperature charging station, a 50-100 channel intelligent battery charging system, a car battery replacement tool, and a car washing machine. Jinhua An Kao also owns plug-in and soft-connection PACK technology. The acquisition is intended to strengthen Kandi’s EV battery exchange offerings in order to be the best available in the market. The Company paid approximately RMB 25.93 million (approximately $4 million) at the closing of the transaction using cash on hand and issued a total of 2,959,837 shares of restrictive stock or 6.2% of the Company’s total outstanding shares of the common stock valued at approximately $20.7 million to the former shareholder of Jinhua An Kao and his designees (the “An Kao Shareholders”), and may be required to pay future consideration up to an additional 2,959,837 shares of common stock, which are being held in escrow, to be released contingent upon the achievement of certain net income-based milestones in next three years. Any escrowed shares that are not released from escrow to the An Kao Shareholders for failure to achieve the milestones will be forfeited and returned to the Company for cancellation. While the escrowed shares are held in escrow, the Company will retain all voting rights with respect to the shares. 

As of the acquisition date, the Company recorded a contingent liability of approximately $8.71 million, representing the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration the Company currently expects to pay to the An Kao Shareholders upon the achievement of certain net income-based milestones. The Supplementary Agreement sets forth the terms and conditions of the issuance of these shares. The fair value of the contingent consideration liability associated with additional 2,959,837 shares of restrictive common stock was estimated by using Monte Carlo simulation method, which took into account all possible scenarios. This fair value measurement is classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy prescribed by ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures. In accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations, the Company will re-measure this liability each reporting period and record changes in the fair value through a separate line item within the Company’s consolidated statements of Income. During the first nine months of 2018, the Company recorded a gain of approximately $2.60 million in the accompanying statements of income representing the decrease in fair value of this obligation between the acquisition date and September 30, 2018, which was largely due to the decline of the Company’s stock price during the period.

The components of the preliminary purchase price as of the acquisition date for Jinhua An Kao are as follows:

Cash	$	3,988,765
Stock awards		20,718,859
Fair value of contingent consideration		8,712,996
Total	$	33,420,620

The Company accounted for the acquisition as business combinations and, in accordance with ASC Topic 805. The Company has recorded the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their respective fair values as of the acquisition date. The following summarizes the preliminary purchase price allocations:

	Jinhua An Kao
Goodwill	$	24,216,559
Amortizable intangible assets		4,892,165
Other net assets		5,552,986
Deferred  income taxes		(1,241,090	)
Total	$	33,420,620

Transaction costs of $33,295 associated with the acquisition were expensed as incurred through general and administrative expenses in the statement of income in 2018.

The Company allocated the preliminary purchase price to specific intangible asset categories as of the acquisition date for Jinhua An Kao as follows:

	Amount Assigned		Estimated useful life  (in years)
Amortizable intangible assets:
Patents	$	4,892,165	7.5 – 9.17

The Company allocated the preliminary purchase price to specific intangible assets for patents that the Company acquired. The Company believes that the estimated intangible asset value so determined represent the fair value at the date of acquisition and do not exceed the amount a third party would pay for the assets. The Company used the asset based approach to derive the fair value of the amortizable intangible assets. These fair value measurements are based on significant unobservable inputs, including estimates and assumptions and, accordingly, are classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy prescribed by the ASC Topic 820.

The Company recorded the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the identified assets as goodwill, which is non-deductible for tax purposes. Goodwill was established due to primarily to revenue and earnings projections associated with Jinhua An Kao’s future operations, as well as synergies expected to be gained from the integration of the business into the Company’s existed operations.

The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements included approximately $9 million of revenue and approximately $0.1 million of operating income related to the operating results for Jinhua An Kao from its date of acquisition.

The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations of Kandi and the Acquired Business as if the acquisition had occurred as of January 1, 2017. The pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of what the financial position or results of operations actually would have been had the acquisition been completed as of January 1, 2017. In addition, the unaudited pro forma financial information is not indicative of, nor does it purport to project, the future financial position or operation results of Kandi. The unaudited pro forma financial information excludes acquisition and integration costs and does not give effect to any estimated and potential cost savings or other operating efficiencies that could result from acquisition.

Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statements of Operations Information

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017
Revenue	$	62,690,873		$	68,646,884
INCOME(LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS	$	(4,855,157	)	$	(29,634,671	)
NET INCOME(LOSS)	$	(1,418,879	)	$	(33,080,736	)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING BASIC	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.65	)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING DILUTED	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.65	)

SC Autosports

On July 1, 2018, Kandi Vehicles completed the acquisition of 100% of the equity of SC Autosports (formerly Sportsman Country). SC Autosports is a Dallas TX based sales company primarily engaged in the wholesale of off-road vehicle products, with a small percentage of business in off-road vehicle parts wholesale and retail. The acquisition is an entry point to gain a compelling opportunity for business integration and market expansion in America which will provide Kandi a solid foundation for future strategic business development. The Company issued a total of 171,969 shares of restrictive stock or approximately 0.3% of the Company’s total outstanding shares of the common stock valued at approximately $0.8 million at the closing of transaction to the former members of SC Autosportswithin30 days from the signing date of the Transfer Agreement, and may be required to pay future consideration up to an additional 1,547,721 shares of common stock, which are being held in escrow, to be released contingent upon the achievement of certain pre-tax profit based milestones in next three years. Any escrowed shares that are not released from escrow to the SC Autosports former members for failure to achieve the milestones will be forfeited and returned to the Company for cancellation. While the escrowed shares are held in escrow, the Company will retain all voting rights with respect to the shares. 

As of the acquisition date, the Company recorded a contingent liability of approximately $5.3 million, representing the estimated fair value of the contingent consideration the Company currently expects to pay to SC Autosports’ former members upon the achievement of certain net income-based milestones. The Transfer Agreement sets forth the terms and conditions of the issuance of these shares. The fair value of the contingent consideration liability associated with additional 1,547,721 shares of restrictive common stock was estimated by using Monte Carlo simulation method, which took into account all possible scenarios. This fair value measurement is classified as Level 3 within the fair value hierarchy prescribed by ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures. In accordance with ASC Topic 805, Business Combinations, the Company will re-measure this liability each reporting period and record changes in the fair value through a separate line item within the Company’s consolidated statements of Income. During the third quarter of 2018, the Company recorded a loss of approximately $0.78 million in the accompanying statements of income representing the increase in fair value of this obligation between the acquisition date and September 30, 2018, which was largely due to the increase of the Company’s stock price during the period.

The components of the preliminary purchase price as of the acquisition date for SC Autosports are as follows:

	SC Autosports
Stock awards	$	756,664
Fair value of contingent consideration		5,306,293
Total	$	6,062,957

The Company accounted for the acquisition as business combinations and, in accordance with ASC Topic 805. The Company has recorded the assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their respective fair values as of the acquisition date. The following summarizes the preliminary purchase price allocations:

	SC Autosports
Goodwill	$	5,240,359
Other net assets		822,598
Total	$	6,062,957

Transaction costs of $8,256 associated with the acquisition were expensed as incurred through general and administrative expenses in the statement of income in 2018.

The Company recorded the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair values of the identified assets as goodwill, which is non-deductible for tax purposes. Goodwill was established due to primarily to revenue and earnings projections associated with SC Autosports’ future operations, as well as synergies expected to be gained from the integration of the business into the Company’s existed operations.

The Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements included approximately $4.4 million of revenue and approximately $0.3 million of operating income related to the operating results for SC Autosports from its date of acquisition.

The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations of Kandi and the Acquired Business as if the acquisition had occurred as of January 1, 2017. The pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of what the financial position or results of operations actually would have been had the acquisition been completed as of January 1, 2017. In addition, the unaudited pro forma financial information is not indicative of, nor does it purport to project, the future financial position or operation results of Kandi. The unaudited pro forma financial information excludes acquisition and integration costs and does not give effect to any estimated and potential cost savings or other operating efficiencies that could result from acquisition.

Unaudited Pro Forma Condensed Combined Statements of Operations Information

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017
Revenue	$	70,789,131		$	71,123,168
INCOME(LOSS) FROM  OPERATIONS	$	(4,736,390	)	$	(29,406,007	)
NET INCOME(LOSS)	$	(1,300,112	)	$	(32,834,460	)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING BASIC	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.68	)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING DILUTED	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.68	)

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Economic and Political Risks

(a) Economic and Political Risks

The Company’s operations are conducted in China. As a result, the Company’s business, financial condition and results of operations may be influenced by the political, economic and legal environments in China, and by the general state of the Chinese economy. In addition, the Company’s earnings are subject to movements in foreign currency exchange rates when transactions are denominated in Renminbi (“RMB”), which is the Company’s functional currency. Accordingly, the Company’s operating results are affected by changes in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the RMB.

The Company’s operations in China are subject to special considerations and significant risks not typically associated with companies in North America and Western Europe. These include risks associated with, among others, the political, economic and legal environment and foreign currency exchange restrictions. The Company’s performance may be adversely affected by changes in the political and social conditions in China, and by changes in governmental policies with respect to laws and regulations, anti-inflationary measures, currency conversion, remittances abroad, and rates and methods of taxation, among other things.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

b) Fair Value of Financial Instruments

ASC 820 establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. The hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three levels based on the extent to which inputs used in measuring fair value are observable in the market.

These tiers include:

Level 1—defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets;

Level 2—defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and

Level 3—defined as unobservable inputs for which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

The Company’s financial instruments primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, notes receivable, other receivables, accounts payable, other payables and accrued liabilities, short-term bank loans, notes payable, and warrants.

The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, restricted cash, accounts receivable, notes receivable, other receivables, accounts payable, other payables and accrued liabilities, and notes payable approximate fair value because of the short-term nature of these items. The estimated fair values of short-term bank loans were not materially different from their carrying value as presented due to the brief maturities and because the interest rates on these borrowings approximate those that would have been available for loans of similar remaining maturities and risk profiles. As the carrying amounts are reasonable estimates of fair value, these financial instruments are classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. The Company identified notes payable as Level 2 instruments due to the fact that the inputs to valuation are primarily based upon readily observable pricing information. The balance of notes payable, which was measured and disclosed at fair value, was $24,663,846 and $28,075,945 at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

Contingent consideration related to the acquisitions of Jinhua An Kao and SC Autosports, which is accounted for as liabilities, are measured at each reporting date for their fair value using Level 3 inputs. The fair value of contingent consideration was $12,204,964 and $0 at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Also see Note 26.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

(c) Cash and Cash Equivalents

The Company considers highly-liquid investments purchased with original maturities of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

As of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, the Company’s restricted cash was $9,104,584 and $11,218,688, respectively.

Inventories

(d) Inventories

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value (market value). The cost of raw materials is determined on the basis of weighted average. The cost of finished goods is determined on the basis of weighted average and comprises direct materials, direct labor and an appropriate proportion of overhead.

Net realizable value is based on estimated selling prices less selling expenses and any further costs expected to be incurred for completion. Adjustments to reduce the cost of inventory to net realizable value are made, if required, for estimated excess, obsolescence, or impaired balances.

Accounts Receivable

(e) Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are recognized and carried at net realizable value. An allowance for doubtful accounts is recorded for periods in which the Company determines a loss is probable, based on its assessment of specific factors, such as troubled collections, historical experience, accounts aging, ongoing business relations and other factors. Accounts are written off after exhaustive collection efforts. If accounts receivable are to be provided for, or written off, they are recognized in the consolidated statement of operations within the operating expenses line item. If accounts receivable previously written off is recovered in a later period or when facts subsequently become available to indicate that the amount provided as an allowance for doubtful accounts was incorrect, an adjustment is made to restate allowance for doubtful accounts.

As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, credit terms with the Company’s customers were typically 180 to 360 days after delivery. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had a $319,421and $133,930 allowance for doubtful accounts, as per the Company management’s judgment based on their best knowledge. The Company conducts quarterly assessments of the state of the Company’s outstanding receivables and reserves any allowance for doubtful accounts if it becomes necessary.

Notes Receivable

(f) Notes receivable

Notes receivable represent short-term loans to third parties with maximum terms of six months. Interest income is recognized according to each agreement between a borrower and the Company on an accrual basis. For notes receivable with banks, the interest rates are determined by banks. For notes receivable with other parties, the interest rates are based on agreements between the parties. If notes receivable are paid back, that transaction will be recognized in the relevant year. If notes receivable are not paid back, or are written off, that transaction will be recognized in the relevant year if default is probable, reasonably assured, and the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company will recognize income if the written-off loan is recovered at a future date. In case of any foreclosure proceedings or legal actions, the Company provides an accrual for the related foreclosure and litigation expenses. The Company also receives notes receivable from the JV Company and other parties to settle accounts receivable. If the Company decides to discount notes receivable for the purpose of receiving immediate cash, the current discount rate is approximately in the range of 4.80% to 5.00% annually. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had notes receivable from unrelated parties of $72,817 and $0, respectively, which notes receivable typically mature within six months. As of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the Company had notes receivable from JV Company and other related parties of $2,184,519 and $1,137,289, respectively, which notes receivable typically mature within six months.

Advances to Suppliers

(g) Advances to Suppliers

Advances to suppliers represent cash paid in advance to suppliers, and include advances to raw material suppliers, mold manufacturers, and equipment suppliers.

As of September 30, 2018, the Company had made a total advance payments of RMB 756 million (approximately $110 million) to Nanjing Shangtong Auto Technologies Co., Ltd. (“Nanjing Shangtong”) as an advance to purchase a production line and develop a new EV model for Kandi Hainan. Nanjing Shangtong is a total solutions contractor for Kandi Hainan and provides all the equipment and EV product design and research services used by Kandi Hainan. After a portion of such advances were transferred to construction in progress and expensed for R&D purposes, the Company had $3,924,501 left in Advance to Suppliers in current assets related to the purchases from Nanjing Shangtong as of September 30, 2018.

Advances for raw material purchases are typically settled within two months of the Company’s receipt of the raw materials. Prepayment is offset against the purchase price after the equipment or materials are delivered.

Property, Plants and Equipment

(h) Property, Plants and Equipment

Property, plants and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated over the asset’s estimated useful life using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the life of the asset or the term of the lease, whichever is shorter. Estimated useful lives are as follows:

Buildings	30 years
Machinery and equipment	10 years
Office equipment	5 years
Motor vehicles	5 years
Molds	5 years

The costs and related accumulated depreciation of assets sold or otherwise retired are eliminated from the Company’s accounts and any gain or loss is included in the statements of income. The cost of maintenance and repairs is charged to expenses as incurred, whereas significant renewals and betterments are capitalized.

Construction in Progress

(i) Construction in Progress

Construction in progress (“CIP”) represents the direct costs of construction, and the acquisition costs of buildings or machinery. Capitalization of these costs ceases, and construction in progress is transferred to plants and equipment, when substantially all the activities necessary to prepare the assets for their intended use are completed. No depreciation is provided for until the assets are completed and ready for their intended use. As of September 30, 2018, $2,854,673 of interest expenses previously capitalized for CIP have been reimbursed by the government.

Land Use Rights

(j) Land Use Rights

Land in China is owned by the government and land ownership rights cannot be sold to an individual or to a private company. However, the Chinese government grants the user a “land use right” to use the land. The land use rights granted to the Company are amortized using the straight-line method over a term of fifty years.

Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

(k) Accounting for the Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company periodically evaluates the carrying value of long-lived assets to be held and used, including intangible assets subject to amortization, when events and circumstances warrant such a review, pursuant to the guidelines established in Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 144 (now known as “ASC 360”). The carrying value of a long-lived asset is considered impaired when the anticipated undiscounted cash flow from such asset is separately identifiable and is less than its carrying value. In that event, a loss is recognized based on the amount by which the carrying value exceeds the fair market value of the long-lived asset. Fair market value is determined primarily using the anticipated cash flows discounted at a rate commensurate with the risk involved. Losses on long-lived assets to be disposed of are determined in a similar manner, except that fair market values are reduced for disposal costs.

The Company recognized no impairment loss during the reporting period.

Revenue Recognition

(l) Revenue Recognition

The Company adopted ASC Topic 606 Revenue from Contracts with Customers with a date of the initial application of January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. As a result, the Company has changed its accounting policy for revenue recognition. The impact of the adoption of ASC Topic 606 on the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements is not material.

The Company recognizes revenue when goods or services are transferred to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration which it expects to receive in exchange for those goods or services. In determining when and how revenue is recognized from contracts with customers, the Company performs the following five-step analysis: (i) identification of contract with customer; (ii) determination of performance obligations; (iii) measurement of the transaction price; (iv) allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations; and (v) recognition of revenue when (or as) the Company satisfies each performance obligation.

The Company generates revenue through the sale of EV products, EV parts and off-road vehicles. The revenue is recognized at a point in time once the Company has determined that the customer has obtained control over the product. Control is typically deemed to have been transferred to the customer when the performance obligation is fulfilled, usually at the time of delivery, at the net sales price (transaction price). Estimates of variable consideration, such as volume discounts and rebates, are determined, reviewed and revised periodically by management. Revenue is recognized net of any taxes collected from customers, which are subsequently remitted to governmental authorities. Shipping and handling costs for product shipments occur prior to the customer obtaining control of the goods are accounted for as fulfillment costs rather than separate performance obligations and recorded as sales and marketing expenses.

The Company’s contracts are predominantly short-term in nature with a contract term of one year or less. For those contracts, the Company has utilized the practical expedient in ASC Topic 606 exempting the Company from disclosure of the transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations if the performance obligation is part of a contract that has an original expected duration of one year or less.

Receivables are recorded when the Company has an unconditional right to consideration.

See Note 24 “Segment Reporting” for disaggregation of revenue by reporting segments. The Company believes this disaggregation best depicts how the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows are affected by economic factors.

Research and Development

(m) Research and Development

Expenditures relating to the development of new products and processes, including improvements to existing products, are expensed as incurred. Research and development expenses were $5,691,649 and $657,851for the three months ended September 30, 2018, and September 30, 2017, respectively. Research and development expenses were $7,091,836 and $26,569,624 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and September 30, 2017, respectively.

Government Grants

(n) Government Grants

Grants and subsidies received from the Chinese government are recognized when the proceeds are received or collectible and related milestones have been reached and all contingencies have been resolved.

For the three months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, $607,008 and $474,950, respectively, were received by the Company’s subsidiaries from the Chinese government. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, $717,821 and $5,804,561, respectively, were received by the Company’s subsidiaries from the Chinese government.

Income Taxes

(o) Income Taxes

The Company accounts for income tax using an asset and liability approach, which allows for the recognition of deferred tax benefits in future years. Under the asset and liability approach, deferred taxes are provided for the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The accounting for deferred tax calculation represents the Company management’s best estimate of the most likely future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in our financial statements or tax returns and related future anticipation. A valuation allowance is provided for deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not these items will either expire before the Company is able to realize their benefits, or that future realization will be uncertain.

Foreign Currency Translation

(p) Foreign Currency Translation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements are presented in United States dollars. The functional currency of the Company is the Renminbi (RMB). Capital accounts of the consolidated financial statements are translated into United States dollars from RMB at their historical exchange rates when the capital transactions occurred.

Assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rates as of balance sheet date. Income and expenditures are translated at the average exchange rate of the reporting period, which rates are obtained from the website: http://www.oanda.com

	September 30,		December 31,		September 30,
	2018		2017		2017
Period end RMB : USD exchange rate		6.8665		6.5067		6.6536
Average RMB : USD exchange rate		6.5137		6.7568		6.807608

Comprehensive Income

(q) Comprehensive Income

Comprehensive income is defined to include all changes in equity except those resulting from investments by owners and distributions to owners. Among other disclosures, all items that are required to be recognized under current accounting standards as components of comprehensive income are required to be reported in a financial statement that is presented with the same prominence as other financial statements. Comprehensive income includes net income and the foreign currency translation changes.

Segments

(r) Segments

In accordance with ASC 280-10, Segment Reporting, the Company’s chief operating decision makers rely upon the consolidated results of operations when making decisions about allocating resources and assessing the performance of the Company. As a result of the assessment made by the Company’s chief operating decision makers, the Company has only one operating segment. The Company does not distinguish between markets or segments for the purpose of internal reporting.

Stock Option Expenses

(s) Stock Option Expenses

The Company’s stock option expenses are recorded in accordance with ASC 718 and ASC 505.

The fair value of stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes-Merton model. The Company’s expected volatility assumption is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock. The expected life assumption is primarily based on the expiration date of the option. The risk-free interest rate for the expected term of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant.

The recognition of stock option expenses is based on awards expected to vest. ASC standards require forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised in subsequent periods, if necessary, if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates.

The stock-based option expenses for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, were $0 and $997,496. The stock-based option expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, were $1,586,926 net of a reversal for forfeited stock option of $2,644,877 and $4,126,008, respectively. See Note 19. There were no forfeitures estimated during the reporting period.

Goodwill

(t) Goodwill

The Company allocates goodwill from business combinations to reporting units based on the expectation that the reporting unit is to benefit from the business combination. The Company evaluates its reporting units on an annual basis and, if necessary, reassigns goodwill using a relative fair value allocation approach. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level on an annual basis and between annual tests if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying value. These events or circumstances could include a significant change in the business climate, legal factors, operating performance indicators, competition, or sale or disposition of a significant portion of a reporting unit.

Application of the goodwill impairment test requires judgments, including the identification of reporting units, assignment of assets and liabilities to reporting units, assignment of goodwill to reporting units, and the determination of the fair value of each reporting unit. The Company first assesses qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that goodwill is impaired. If the more likely than not threshold is met, the Company performs a quantitative impairment test.

As of September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, the Company determined that its goodwill was not impaired.

Intangible assets

(u) Intangible assets

Intangible assets consist of patent, trade names and customer relations associated with the purchase price from the allocation of YongkangScrou and Jinhua An Kao. Such assets are being amortized over their estimated useful lives. Intangible assets are amortized as of September 30, 2018. The amortization expenses for intangible assets were $157,817 and $20,524 for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively. The amortization expenses for intangible assets were $493,405 and $61,571 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and September 30, 2017, respectively.

Accounting for Sale of Common Stock and Warrants

(v) Accounting for Sale of Common Stock and Warrants

Gross proceeds are first allocated according to the initial fair value of the freestanding derivative instruments (i.e. the warrants issued to the Company’s investors in its previous offerings, or the “Investor Warrants”). The remaining proceeds are allocated to common stock. The related issuance expenses, including the placement agent cash fees, legal fees, the initial fair value of the warrants issued to the placement agent and others were allocated between the common stock and the Investor Warrants based on how the proceeds are allocated to these instruments. Expenses related to the issuance of common stock were charged to paid-in capital. Expenses related to the issuance of derivative instruments were expensed upon issuance.

Consolidation of variable interest entities

(w) Consolidation of variable interest entities

In accordance with accounting standards regarding consolidation of variable interest entities, or VIEs, VIEs are generally entities that lack sufficient equity to finance their activities without additional financial support from other parties or whose equity holders lack adequate decision making ability. All VIEs with which the Company is involved must be evaluated to determine the primary beneficiary of the risks and rewards of the VIE. The primary beneficiary is required to consolidate the VIE for financial reporting purposes.

The Company has concluded, based on the contractual arrangements, that Kandi New Energy is a VIE and that the Company’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Kandi Vehicles, absorbs a majority of the risk of loss from the activities of this company, thereby enabling the Company, through Kandi Vehicles, to receive a majority of its respective expected residual returns.

Additionally, because Kandi New Energy is under common control with other entities, the consolidated financial statements have been prepared as if the transactions had occurred retroactively as to the beginning of the reporting period of these consolidated financial statements.

Control and common control are defined under the accounting standards as “an individual, enterprise, or immediate family members who hold more than 50 percent of the voting ownership interest of each entity.” Because the owners collectively own 100% of Kandi New Energy, and have agreed to vote their interests in concert since the establishment of each of these three companies as memorialized the Voting Rights Proxy Agreement, the Company believes that the owners collectively have control and common control of Kandi New Energy. Accordingly, the Company believes that Kandi New Energy was constructively held under common control by Kandi Vehicles as of the time the contractual agreements were entered into, establishing Kandi Vehicles as their primary beneficiary. Kandi Vehicles, in turn, is owned by Continental, which is owned by the Company.

Reclassification

(x) Reclassification

The Company adopted ASU 2016-18, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230) - Restricted Cash” in the first quarter of 2018. Certain amounts included in the 2017 condensed consolidated statement of cash flows have been reclassified to conform to the 2018 financial statement presentation as follows:

The Company has included restricted cash of $12,957,377 and $20,735,921, respectively, with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. As a result, the total amount at the beginning of the period on the statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 has changed from $12,235,921 to $25,193,298; the total amount at the end of the period on the statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 has changed from $3,560,510 to $24,296,431; and effect of exchange rate changes on the statement of cash of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 has changed from $199,530 to $1,011,615.

The Company has eliminated the line item of restricted cash of $5,875,786 from the section of investing activities on the statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. As a result, net cash provided by investing activities of $8,444,239 on the statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 has changed to net cash provided by investing activities of $2,568,453.The Company has eliminated the line item of restricted cash of $(12,922,105) from the section of financing activities on the statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017. As a result, net cash used by financing activities of $16,700,441 on the statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 has changed to net cash used by financing activities of $3,778,336. Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash of $8,954,801 on the statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 has changed to net decrease in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash of $1,908,482.

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of estimated useful lives

Buildings	30 years
Machinery and equipment	10 years
Office equipment	5 years
Motor vehicles	5 years
Molds	5 years

Schedule of average foreign currency exchange rate

	September 30,		December 31,		September 30,
	2018		2017		2017
Period end RMB : USD exchange rate		6.8665		6.5067		6.6536
Average RMB : USD exchange rate		6.5137		6.7568		6.807608

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Concentrations (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Customers [Member]

Concentration Risk [Line Items]

Schedule of concentration percentage

	Sales						Trade Receivable
	Three Months			Three Months
	Ended			Ended
	September 30,			September 30,			September 30,			December 31,
Major Customers	2018			2017			2018			2017
Kandi Electric Vehicles Group Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries		61	%		77	%		66	%		74	%
JinhuaChaoneng Automobile Sales Co., Ltd.		24	%		19	%		18	%		-

	Sales						Trade Receivable
	Nine Months			Nine Months
	Ended			Ended
	September 30,			September 30,			September 30,			December 31,
Major Customers	2018			2017			2018			2017
Kandi Electric Vehicles Group Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries		49	%		82	%		66	%		74	%
JinhuaChaoneng Automobile Sales Co. Ltd.		24	%		11	%		18	%		-
Zhejiang Shikong Energy Technology Co., Ltd.		13	%		-			-			-

Suppliers [Member]

Concentration Risk [Line Items]

Schedule of concentration percentage

	Purchases					Accounts Payable
	Three Months			Three Months
	Ended			Ended
	September 30,			September 30,		September 30,			December 31,
Major Suppliers	2018			2017		2018			2017
Jiangsu TianPeng power Co., Ltd.		25	%		-		13	%		-
Shenzhen BiKe Power Battery Co., Ltd.		26	%		-		8	%		-

	Purchases					Accounts Payable
	Nine Months			Nine Months
	Ended			Ended
	September 30,			September 30,		September 30,			December 31,
Major Suppliers	2018			2017		2018			2017
Jiangsu TianPeng power supply Co., Ltd.		19	%		-		13	%		-
Shenzhen BiKe Power Battery Co., Ltd.		18	%		-		8	%		-
Shanghai de Lang Power Battery Co., Ltd.		16	%		-		-			-

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Earnings Per Share (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Earnings Per Share [Abstract]

Schedule of earnings per share

	For three months ended
	September 30,
	2018			2017
Net (loss) income	$	(6,521,399	)	$	1,918,076
Weighted average shares used in basic computation		51,474,048			48,028,467
Dilutive shares		-			-
Weighted average shares used in diluted computation		51,474,048			48,028,467
(Loss) income per share:
Basic	$	(0.13	)	$	0.04
Diluted	$	(0.13	)	$	0.04

	For Nine months ended
	September 30,
	2018			2017
Net loss	$	(1,418,879	)	$	(33,793,376	)
Weighted average shares used in basic computation		51,089,047			47,913,028
Dilutive shares		-			-
Weighted average shares used in diluted computation		51,089,047			47,913,028
Loss per share:
Basic	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.71	)
Diluted	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.71	)

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Accounts Receivable (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Accounts Receivable [Abstract]

Schedule of accounts receivable

	September 30,			December 31,
	2018			2017
Accounts receivable	$	40,430,594		$	34,531,788
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts		(319,421	)		(133,930	)
Accounts receivable, net	$	40,111,173		$	34,397,858

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Inventories (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Inventories [Abstract]

Schedule of inventories

	September 30,			December 31,
	2018			2017
Raw material	$	6,881,825		$	7,256,498
Work-in-progress		5,459,200			2,831,678
Finished goods		3,998,427			6,512,537
Total inventories		16,339,452			16,600,713
Less: provision for slowing moving inventories		(662,769	)		(620,919	)
Inventories, net	$	15,676,683		$	15,979,794

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Notes Receivable (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Notes Receivable [Abstract]

Schedule of notes receivable

	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
Notes receivable as below:
Bank acceptance notes		72,817		-
Notes receivable	$	72,817	$	-

Schedule of details of notes receivable

Index	Amount ($)		Counter party	Relationship	Nature	Manner of settlement
1		72,817	Shaanxi Hua Dao Auto Sales Co., Ltd.	Third Party	Payments for sales	Not due

Notes receivable from the JV Company and related parties as of September 30, 2018, and December 31, 2017, are summarized as follows:

	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
Notes receivable as below:
Bank acceptance notes		2,184,519		1,137,289
Notes receivable	$	2,184,519	$	1,137,289

Details of notes receivable from the JV Company and related parties as of September 30, 2018, are as set forth below:

Index	Amount ($)		Counter party	Relationship	Nature	Manner of settlement
1		2,184,519	Kandi Electric Vehicles Group Co., Ltd.	Joint Venture of the Company	Payments for sales	Not due

Details of notes receivable from the JV Company and related parties as of December 31, 2017, are as set forth below:

Index	Amount ($)		Counter party	Relationship	Nature	Manner of settlement
1		922,126	Kandi Electric Vehicles Group Co., Ltd.	Joint Venture of the Company	Payments for sales	Not due
2		153,688	Kandi Jiangsu	Subsidiary of the JV Company	Payments for sales	Not due
3		61,475	KandiChangxing	Subsidiary of the JV Company	Payments for sales	Not due

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Property, Plant and Equipment (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Property, Plant and Equipment [Abstract]

Schedule of property, plant and equipment

	September 30,			December 31,
	2018			2017
At cost:
Buildings	$	30,512,866		$	13,853,340
Machinery and equipment		63,567,339			7,916,562
Office equipment		511,999			532,774
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment		419,080			382,866
Molds and others		27,279,795			28,659,714
		122,291,079			51,345,256
Less : Accumulated depreciation
Buildings	$	(4,769,947	)	$	(4,683,040	)
Machinery and equipment		(7,187,655	)		(7,216,464	)
Office equipment		(236,702	)		(305,367	)
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment		(317,789	)		(310,631	)
Molds and others		(25,669,706	)		(26,306,306	)
		(38,181,799	)		(38,821,808	)
Less: provision for impairment for fixed assets		(444,288	)		(522,477	)
Plant and equipment, net	$	83,664,992		$	12,000,971

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Land Use Rights (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Land Use Rights [Abstract]

Schedule of land use rights

	September 30,			December 31,
	2018			2017
Cost of land use rights	$	14,947,038		$	15,676,450
Less: Accumulated amortization		(3,098,072	)		(3,010,403	)
Land use rights, net	$	11,848,966		$	12,666,047

Schedule of amortization expense

2018(Three Months)	$	89,059
2019		356,236
2020		356,236
2021		356,236
2022		356,236
Thereafter		10,334,963
Total	$	11,848,966

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Short -Term and Long-Term Bank Loans (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Short -Term and Long-Term Bank Loans / Notes payable [Abstract]

Schedule of short-term debt

	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
Loans from China Ever-bright Bank
Interest rate 5.22% per annum, paid off on April 25, 2018, secured by the assets of Kandi Vehicle, guaranteed by Mr. Hu Xiaoming and his wife, also guaranteed by company’s subsidiaries. Also see Note 13 and Note 14.		-		10,758,141
Interest rate 5.655% per annum, due on April 25, 2019,  secured by the assets of Kandi Vehicle, guaranteed by Mr. Hu Xiaoming and his wife, also guaranteed by company’s subsidiaries. Also see Note 13 and Note 14.		10,194,423		-
Loans from Hangzhou Bank
Interest rate 4.79% per annum, paid off on October 15, 2018, secured by the assets of Kandi Vehicle. Also see Note 13 and Note 14.		7,106,969		7,499,962
Interest rate 4.79% per annum, paid off on July 4, 2018,secured by the assets of Kandi Vehicle. Also see Note 13 and Note 14.		-		11,096,255
Interest rate 5.66% per annum, due on July 1, 2019,secured by the assets of Kandi Vehicle. Also see Note 13 and Note 14.		5,825,384		-
Interest rate 5.66% per annum, due on July 4, 2019,secured by the assets of Kandi Vehicle. Also see Note 13 and Note 14.		4,689,434		-
Interest rate 4.35% per annum, paid off on March 26, 2018, secured by the assets of Kandi Vehicle. Also see Note 13 and Note 14.		-		3,688,506
Interest rate 5.66% per annum, due March 25, 2019, secured by the assets of Kandi Vehicle. Also see Note 13 and Note 14.		2,767,057		-
	$	30,583,267	$	33,042,864

Schedule of long-term debt

	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
Loans from Haikou Rural Credit Cooperative
Interest rate 7% per annum, due on December 12, 2021, guaranteed by Kandi Vehicle and Kandi New Energy.		28,981,286		30,737,547
	$	28,981,286		30,737,547

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Notes Payable (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Short -Term and Long-Term Bank Loans / Notes payable [Abstract]

Schedule of notes payable

	September 30,		December 31,
Bank acceptance notes:	2018		2017
Due January 4, 2018	$	-	$	4,987,167
Due April 19, 2018		-		230,532
Due May 6, 2018		-		1,168,027
Due June 18, 2018		-		2,305,316
Due June 21, 2018		-		376,019
Due June 25, 2018		-		153,688
Due June 27, 2018		-		76,844
Due June 29, 2018		-		2,382,160
Due December 13, 2018		6,844,826		-
Due December 30, 2018		10,780,855		-
Due January 9, 2019		873,808		-
Due January 11, 2019		262,142		-
Due January 12, 2019		1,456,346		-
Due February 21, 2019		72,817		-
Due February 28, 2019		873,808		-
Due March 10, 2019		436,904		-
Due March 20, 2019		291,269		-
Commercial acceptance notes:
Due March 26, 2018		-		10,758,140
Other Notes Payable:
Due May 6, 2019		2,771,071		5,638,052
Total	$	24,663,846	$	28,075,945

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Taxes (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Taxes [Abstract]

Schedule of income tax expense exemptions and reductions

	Nine Months Ended
	September 30,
	2018		2017
Tax benefit (holiday) credit	$	1,345,541	$	55,439
Basic net income per share effect	$	0.000	$	0.000

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Stock Options (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Stock Options [Abstract]

Summary of stock option activities

Outstanding as of January 1, 2017	4,566,667			9.72
Granted	-			-
Exercised	-			-
Cancelled	-			-
Forfeited	(333,333	)		9.72
Outstanding as of December 31, 2017	4,233,334		$	9.72
Granted	-			-
Exercised	-			-
Cancelled	-			-
Forfeited	(333,334	)		9.72
Outstanding as of September 30, 2018	3,900,000		$	9.72

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Intangible Assets (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Intangible Assets [Abstract]

Schedule of gross carrying value and accumulated amortization for each major class of intangible assets other than goodwill

		September 30,			December 31,
	Remaining useful life	2018			2017
Gross carrying amount:
Trade name	3.25 years	$	492,235		$	492,235
Customer relations	3.25 years		304,086			304,086
Patent	6.75-8.42 years		4,631,180			-
			5,427,501			796,321
Less : Accumulated amortization
Trade name		$	(325,621	)	$	(287,561	)
Customer relations			(201,156	)		(177,644	)
Patent			(409,644	)		-
			(936,421	)		(465,205	)
Intangible assets, net		$	4,491,080		$	331,116

Schedule of amortization expenses

2018(Three Months)	$	164,467
2019		657,872
2020		657,872
2021		657,872
2022		578,513
Thereafter		1,774,484
Total	$	4,491,080

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Summarized Information of Equity Method Investment in the JV Company (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Summarized Information of Equity Method Investment in the JV Company [Abstract]

Schedule of condensed income statement information

	Three Months ended
	September 30,
	2018			2017
Condensed income statement information:
Net sales	$	19,880,543		$	86,181,120
Gross profits		3,133,283			5,279,283
Gross margin		15.8	%		6.1	%
Net loss		(5,860,746	)		(480,622	)
% of net sales		-29.5	%		-0.6	%
Company’s share in net loss of JV based on 50% ownership	$	(2,930,373	)	$	(240,311	)

	Nine Months ended
	September 30,
	2018			2017
Condensed income statement information:
Net sales	$	73,292,774		$	106,109,272
Gross profits		4,007,896			3,454,547
Gross margin		5.5	%		3.3	%
Net loss		(87,969	)		(25,665,734	)
% of net sales		-0.1	%		-24.2	%
Company’s share in net loss of JV based on 50% ownership	$	(43,985	)	$	(12,832,867	)

Schedule of condensed balance sheet information

	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
Condensed balance sheet information:
Current assets	$	696,525,009	$	696,683,086
Noncurrent assets		170,713,320		179,943,752
Total assets	$	867,238,329	$	876,626,838
Current liabilities		573,013,782		703,629,444
Noncurrent liabilities		760,751		30,737,547
Equity		293,463,796		142,259,847
Total liabilities and equity	$	867,238,329	$	876,626,838

Schedule of equity method investments

	September 30,			September 30,
	2018			2017
Investment in JV Company, beginning of the period,	$	70,681,013		$	77,453,014
Investment in JV Company in 2018		79,370,859			-
Share of loss
Company’s share in net loss of JV based on  50% ownership		(43,985	)		(12,832,867	)
Intercompany transaction elimination		(484,037	)		(848,200	)
Year 2017 unrealized profit realized		448,429			225,281
Subtotal		(79,593	)		(13,455,786	)
Exchange difference		(3,699,548	)		3,090,575
Investment in JV Company, end of the period	$	146,272,731		$	67,087,803

Summary of amount due from the JV company

	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
Kandi Shanghai	$	40,133,861	$	2,354,195
KandiChangxing		237,571		912,760
KandiJinhua		-		15,718
Kandi Jiangsu		1,456,095		1,506,199
Liuchuang		119,851		-
Zhejiang Chang Dian		272,444		-
JV Company		35,203,671		157,540,751
Consolidated JV	$	77,423,493	$	162,329,623

Summary of amount due to the JV company

	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
KandiJinhua	$	37,300	$	-
Consolidated JV	$	37,300	$	-

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Commitments and Contingencies (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Commitments and Contingencies [Abstract]

Schedule of guarantees for bank loans

	September 30,		December 31,
Guarantee provided to	2018		2017
Kandi Electric Vehicles Group Co., Ltd.		7,281,730		-
Kandi Electric Vehicles Jiangsu Co., Ltd.		7,281,730		-
Total	$	14,563,460	$	-

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Segment Reporting (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Segment Reporting [Abstract]

Schedule of revenues by geographic area

	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017
	Sales Revenue		Sales Revenue
Primary geographical markets
Overseas	$	5,849,353	$	1,218,901
China		32,146,007		27,134,998
Total	$	37,995,360	$	28,353,899
Major products
EV parts	$	32,065,497	$	27,008,051
Off-road vehicles		5,929,863		1,345,848
Total	$	37,995,360	$	28,353,899
Timing of revenue recognition
Products transferred at a point in time	$	37,995,360	$	28,353,899
Total	$	37,995,360	$	28,353,899

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017
	Sales Revenue		Sales Revenue
Primary geographical markets
Overseas	$	8,337,793	$	3,621,439
China		54,353,080		56,332,312
Total	$	62,690,873	$	59,953,751
Major products
EV parts	$	53,947,874	$	55,875,765
Off-road vehicles		8,742,999		4,077,986
Total	$	62,690,873	$	59,953,751
Timing of revenue recognition
Products transferred at a point in time	$	62,690,873	$	59,953,751
Total	$	62,690,873	$	59,953,751

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Related Party Transactions (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Related Party Transactions [Abstract]

Schedule of due from related parties

	September 30,		December 31,
	2018		2017
Service Company		-		162,048
Total due from related party	$	-	$	162,048

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Acquisitions (Tables)

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Jinhua An Kao [Member]

Business Acquisition [Line Items]

Schedule of preliminary purchase price

Cash	$	3,988,765
Stock awards		20,718,859
Fair value of contingent consideration		8,712,996
Total	$	33,420,620

Schedule of recorded assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their respective fair values

	Jinhua An Kao
Goodwill	$	24,216,559
Amortizable intangible assets		4,892,165
Other net assets		5,552,986
Deferred  income taxes		(1,241,090	)
Total	$	33,420,620

Schedule of preliminary purchase price to specific intangible asset categories

	Amount Assigned		Estimated useful life  (in years)
Amortizable intangible assets:
Patents	$	4,892,165	7.5 – 9.17

Schedule of unaudited pro forma financial information

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017
Revenue	$	62,690,873		$	68,646,884
INCOME(LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS	$	(4,855,157	)	$	(29,634,671	)
NET INCOME(LOSS)	$	(1,418,879	)	$	(33,080,736	)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING BASIC	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.65	)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING DILUTED	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.65	)

SC Autosports [Member]

Business Acquisition [Line Items]

Schedule of preliminary purchase price

	SC Autosports
Stock awards	$	756,664
Fair value of contingent consideration		5,306,293
Total	$	6,062,957

Schedule of recorded assets acquired and liabilities assumed at their respective fair values

	SC Autosports
Goodwill	$	5,240,359
Other net assets		822,598
Total	$	6,062,957

Schedule of unaudited pro forma financial information

	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017
Revenue	$	70,789,131		$	71,123,168
INCOME(LOSS) FROM  OPERATIONS	$	(4,736,390	)	$	(29,406,007	)
NET INCOME(LOSS)	$	(1,300,112	)	$	(32,834,460	)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING BASIC	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.68	)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING DILUTED	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.68	)

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Organization and Principal Activities (Details)		1 Months Ended																12 Months Ended
	Jan. 03, 2018	May 31, 2018	Apr. 30, 2017	Mar. 31, 2017	Nov. 30, 2016	Oct. 31, 2016	Aug. 31, 2016	Jan. 31, 2016	Nov. 30, 2015	Mar. 31, 2014	Jan. 31, 2014	Dec. 31, 2013	Nov. 30, 2013	Jul. 31, 2013	Mar. 31, 2013	Apr. 30, 2012	Jan. 31, 2011	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)
Kandi Vehicles [Member]
Organization and Principal Activities (Textual)
Ownership acquisition, description															Kandi Vehicles formed Kandi Electric Vehicles (Changxing) Co., Ltd. ("KandiChangxing") in the Changxing (National) Economic and Technological Development Zone. KandiChangxing is engaged in the production of EV products. In the fourth quarter of 2013, Kandi Vehicles entered into an ownership transfer agreement with the JV Company pursuant to which Kandi Vehicles transferred 100% of its ownership in KandiChangxing to the JV Company. The Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in KandiChangxing.		Kandi Vehicles is entitled to 100% of the economic benefits, voting rights and residual interests (100% of profits and losses) of Jinhua Kandi New Energy Vehicles Co., Ltd. ("Kandi New Energy"). Kandi New Energy currently holds battery pack production licensing rights and supplies battery packs to the JV Company.
Shanghai Guorun [Member]
Organization and Principal Activities (Textual)
Ownership acquisition, description															A 99%-owned subsidiary of Geely Automobile Holdings Ltd. ("Geely"), the parties established Zhejiang Kandi Electric Vehicles Co., Ltd. (the "JV Company") to develop, manufacture and sell EV products and related auto parts. Each of Kandi Vehicles and Shanghai Guorun has 50% ownership interest in the JV Company.
Additional information about acquisition, description										The JV Company changed its name to Kandi Electric Vehicles Group Co., Ltd. At present, the JV Company is a holding company and all products are manufactured by its subsidiaries. In an effort to improve the JV Company's development, Zhejiang Geely Holding Group, the parent company of Geely, became a JV Company shareholder on October 26, 2016, through its purchase of the 50% equity of the JV Company held by Shanghai Guorun at a premium price (a price exceeding the cash amount of the aggregate of the original investment and the shared profits over the years). On May 19, 2017, due to business development, Zhejiang Geely Holding Group, Ltd. (Geely Holding) transferred its equity in the JV Company to Geely Group (Ningbo) Ltd., a company wholly owned by Mr. Li Shufu, Chairman of the Board of Geely Holding. On May 23, 2018, in order to obtain the manufacturing license, according to the recent notice (FGBCY[2018] No.547) from the National Development and Reform Commission in China, the JV Company increased its registered capital by RMB 1.09 billion (approximately $165 million), of which Kandi Vehicle increased its capital contribution to the JV Company by converting its RMB 545 million (approximately $79 million) loans to the JV Company to registered capital in the JV Company. Geely Group, Ltd. ("Geely Group") became a new shareholder of the JV Company by investing RMB 545 million (approximately $79million). After this restructure, Kandi Vehicles, Geely Group and Geely Group (Ningbo) Ltd., each own 50%, 26.08%, and 23.92% of equity in the JV Company, respectively.
JV Company [Member]
Organization and Principal Activities (Textual)
Ownership acquisition, description												The JV Company entered into an ownership transfer agreement with Shanghai Guorun, pursuant to which the JV Company acquired a 100% ownership interest in Kandi Electric Vehicles (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. ("Kandi Shanghai"). As a result, Kandi Shanghai is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the JV Company, and the Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Kandi Shanghai.						The JV Company to acquire 100% of Changxing Maintenance for RMB 1,089,887 or approximately $167,501. The transaction was completed in April 2018.
Service Company [Member]
Organization and Principal Activities (Textual)
Ownership acquisition, description														Zhejiang ZuoZhongYou Electric Vehicle Service Co., Ltd. (the "Service Company") was formed. The Service Company is engaged in various pure EV leasing businesses, generally referred to as the Micro Public Transportation ("MPT") and other EV share programs. Kandi Vehicle had a 9.5% ownership interest in the Service Company. After various tests and thorough assessments in the last five years, the Company determined that a large sum of capital still needs to be invested in order to increase the size of EV share programs. After considering Geely Group's ability to grow the Service Company's business to be stronger and more expansive and a successful growth of the Service Company would have positive impact on the development of the JV Company's business, Kandi Vehicle transferred its 9.5% of ownership interest in the Service Company to Geely Group in June 2018.
Kandi Jinhua [Member]
Organization and Principal Activities (Textual)
Ownership acquisition, description													Kandi Electric Vehicles Jinhua Co., Ltd. ("Kandi Jinhua") was formed by the JV Company. The JV Company has a 100% ownership interest in Kandi Jinhua, and the Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Kandi Jinhua.
Additional information about acquisition, description			Kandi Jinhua was reorganized to be owned directly by Kandi Jiangsu, which is 100% directly owned by the JV Company.
JiHeKang Service Company [Member]
Organization and Principal Activities (Textual)
Ownership acquisition, description			KandiJinhua, JiHeKang, and the JiHeKang Service Company were reorganized to become subsidiaries of Kandi Jiangsu. As the JV Company has a 100% ownership interest in Kandi Jiangsu, the JV Company has 100% ownership interests in KandiJinhua, JiHeKang, and the JiHeKang Service Company; the Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Kandi Jinhua, JiHeKang, and the JiHeKang Service Company.										Zhejiang Ji He Kang Electric Vehicle Sales Co., Ltd. ("Ji He Kang") was formed by the JV Company. JiHeKang is engaged in the car sales business. The JV Company has a 100% ownership interest in JiHeKang, and the Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in JiHeKang.
Additional information about acquisition, description			JiHeKang was reorganized to be owned directly by Kandi Jiangsu, which is 100% directly owned by the JV Company.
Kandi Jiangsu [Member]
Organization and Principal Activities (Textual)
Ownership acquisition, description			JiHeKang Service Company was reorganized to be owned directly by Kandi Jiangsu, which is 100% directly owned by the JV Company. The JV Company has a 100% ownership interest in the JiHeKang Service Company, and the Company, indirectly through the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in the JiHeKang Service Company.								KandiElectric Vehicles Jiangsu Co., Ltd. ("Kandi Jiangsu") was formed by the JV Company. The JV Company has a 100% ownership interest in Kandi Jiangsu, and the Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Kandi Jiangsu. Kandi Jiangsu is mainly engaged in EV research and development, manufacturing, and sales. As of the date of this report, Kandi Jiangsu directly owns 100% of JiHeKang, JiHeKang Service Company, Liuchuang and KandiJinhua.
Puma Investment [Member]
Organization and Principal Activities (Textual)
Ownership acquisition, description									The JV Company has a 50% ownership interest in Puma Investment (the other 50% is owned by Zuozhongyou Electric Vehicles Service (Hangzhou) Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of the Service Company), and the Company, indirectly through the JV Company, has a 25% economic interest in Puma Investment.
Kandi Hainan [Member]
Organization and Principal Activities (Textual)
Ownership acquisition, description								Kandi Electric Vehicles (Wanning) Co., Ltd. was renamed Kandi Electric Vehicles (Hainan) Co., Ltd. ("Kandi Hainan"). Kandi Hainan was originally formed in Wanning City in Hainan Province by Kandi Vehicles and Kandi New Energy in April 2013, and was transferred to Haikou City in January 2016. Kandi Vehicles has a 90% ownership interest in Kandi Hainan, and Kandi New Energy has the remaining 10% ownership interest. In fact, Kandi Vehicles is, effectively, entitled to 100% of the economic benefits, voting rights and residual interests (100% of the profits and losses) of Kandi Hainan as Kandi Vehicles is entitled to 100% of the economic benefits, voting rights and residual interests of Kandi New Energy.
Jiangsu JiDian [Member]
Organization and Principal Activities (Textual)
Ownership acquisition, description							Jiangsu JiDian Electric Vehicle Sales Co., Ltd. ("Jiangsu JiDian") was formed by JiHeKang. Jiangsu JiDian is engaged in the car sales business. Since JiHeKang is 100% owned by the JV Company, the JV Company has a 100% ownership interest in Jiangsu JiDian, and the Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Jiangsu JiDian.
Guangdong Jihekang [Member]
Organization and Principal Activities (Textual)
Ownership acquisition, description					Guangdong JiHeKang Electric Vehicle Sales Co., Ltd. ("Guangdong JiHeKang") was formed by JiHeKang. Guangdong JiHeKang is engaged in the car sales business. Since JiHeKang is 100% owned by the JV Company, the JV Company has a 100% ownership interest in Guangdong JiHeKang, and the Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Guangdong JiHeKang.
Liuchuang [Member]
Organization and Principal Activities (Textual)
Ownership acquisition, description				Hangzhou Liuchuang Electric Vehicle Technology Co., Ltd. ("Liuchuang") was formed by Kandi Jiangsu. Since Kandi Jiangsu is 100% owned by the JV Company, the JV Company has a 100% ownership interest in Liuchuang, and the Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Liuchuang.
Tianjin BoHaiWan [Member]
Organization and Principal Activities (Textual)
Ownership acquisition, description						JiHeKang acquired Tianjin BoHaiWan Vehicle Sales Co., Ltd. ("Tianjin BoHaiWan"), which is engaged in the car sales business. Since JiHeKang is 100% owned by the JV Company, the JV Company has a 100% ownership interest in Tianjin BoHaiWan, and the Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Tianjin BoHaiWan.
Changxing Maintenance [Member]
Organization and Principal Activities (Textual)
Ownership acquisition, description					Changxing Kandi Vehicle Maintenance Co., Ltd. ("Changxing Maintenance") was formed by Kandi Changxing. Changxing Maintenance is engaged in the car repair and maintenance business. In December 2017, the Service Company entered into an agreement with the JV Company to acquire 100% of Changxing Maintenance for RMB 1,089,887 or approximately $167,501. The transaction was completed in April 2018.
Service agreement with JV company																		$ 167,501	¥ 1,089,887
Jinhua An Kao [Member]
Organization and Principal Activities (Textual)
Kandi vehicles acquired agreement. description	Kandi Vehicles acquired 100% of the equity interests of Jinhua An Kao for a purchase price of approximately RMB 25.93 million (approximately $3.9 million) in cash. In addition, pursuant to the Supplementary Agreement, the Company issued a total of 2,959,837 shares of restrictive stock, or 6.2% of the Company's total outstanding shares of the common stock to the shareholder of Jinhua An Kao. An additional 2,959,837 shares were placed as make good shares for the undertaking of Jinhua An Kao to achieve no less than a total of RMB 120,000,000 (approximately $18.1 million) net income over the course of the following three years.
Zhejiang Chang Dian [Member]
Organization and Principal Activities (Textual)
Ownership acquisition, description																		The JV Company. Zhejiang Chang Dian is primarily engaged in the battery replacement business. Since Zhejiang Chang Dian is 100% owned by the JV Company, and the Company, indirectly through its 50% ownership interest in the JV Company, has a 50% economic interest in Zhejiang Chang Dian.
Share exchange agreement [Member] | YongkangScrou [Member]
Organization and Principal Activities (Textual)
Additional information about acquisition, description																The Company acquired 100% of YongkangScrou, a manufacturer of automobile and EV parts. YongkangScrou currently manufactures and sells EV drive motors, EV controllers, air conditioners and other electric products to the JV Company.
Ownership transfer agreement [Member]
Organization and Principal Activities (Textual)
Ownership acquisition, description		The Company entered into a Membership Interests Transfer Agreement (the "Transfer Agreement") with the two members of Sportsman Country, LLC ("Sportsman Country") under which the Company acquired 100% of the ownership of Sportsman Country. Sportsman Country is a Dallas based sales company primarily engaged in the wholesale of off-road vehicle products, with a small percentage of business in off-road vehicle parts wholesale and retail. According to the terms of the Transfer Agreement, the Company transferred $10.0 million worth of restricted shares to acquire 100% membership interests in Sportsman Country, of which the Company was required to issue $1.0 million worth of corresponding restricted shares within 30 days from the signing date of the Transfer Agreement, and the remaining $9.0 million worth of corresponding restricted shares to be released from escrow based on Sportsman Country's pre-tax profit performance over the course of the following three years. The transaction closed in July 2018.In August 2018, Sportsman Country changed its name to SC Autosports LLC ("SC Autosports").

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Liquidity (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Liquidity (Textual)
Working capital surplus	$ 12,186,911	$ 53,707,902
Working capital decrease	65,894,813
Commercial bank loans	$ 30,583,267

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Principles of Consolidation (Details)	Sep. 30, 2018
Jihekang Tianjin [Member]
Principles of Consolidation (Textual)
Economic benefits, percentage	50.00%
Ownership interest, percentage	50.00%
Guangdong Jihekang [Member]
Principles of Consolidation (Textual)
Economic benefits, percentage	50.00%
Ownership interest, percentage	50.00%
Kandi New Energy [Member]
Principles of Consolidation (Textual)
Ownership interest, percentage	50.00%
Kandi New Energy [Member] | Kandi Hainan [Member]
Principles of Consolidation (Textual)
Ownership interest, percentage	10.00%
Kandi Vehicles [Member]
Principles of Consolidation (Textual)
Economic benefits, percentage	100.00%
Ownership interest, percentage	100.00%
Kandi Vehicles [Member] | Kandi Hainan [Member]
Principles of Consolidation (Textual)
Ownership interest, percentage	90.00%
Kandi Vehicles [Member] | JV Company [Member]
Principles of Consolidation (Textual)
Ownership interest, percentage	50.00%
Mr. Hu Xiaoming [Member]
Principles of Consolidation (Textual)
Ownership interest, percentage	50.00%
KandiChangxing [Member] | JV Company [Member]
Principles of Consolidation (Textual)
Economic benefits, percentage	50.00%
Ownership interest, percentage	50.00%
KandiJinhua [Member] | JV Company [Member]
Principles of Consolidation (Textual)
Economic benefits, percentage	50.00%
Ownership interest, percentage	50.00%
JiHeKang [Member] | JV Company [Member]
Principles of Consolidation (Textual)
Economic benefits, percentage	50.00%
Ownership interest, percentage	50.00%
Kandi Shanghai [Member] | JV Company [Member]
Principles of Consolidation (Textual)
Economic benefits, percentage	50.00%
Ownership interest, percentage	50.00%
Kandi Jiangsu [Member] | JV Company [Member]
Principles of Consolidation (Textual)
Economic benefits, percentage	50.00%
Ownership interest, percentage	50.00%
JiHeKang Service [Member] | JV Company [Member]
Principles of Consolidation (Textual)
Economic benefits, percentage	50.00%
Ownership interest, percentage	50.00%
Tianjin BoHaiWan [Member] | JV Company [Member]
Principles of Consolidation (Textual)
Economic benefits, percentage	50.00%
Ownership interest, percentage	50.00%
Liuchuang [Member] | JV Company [Member]
Principles of Consolidation (Textual)
Economic benefits, percentage	50.00%
Ownership interest, percentage	50.00%
Jiangsu JiDian [Member] | JV Company [Member]
Principles of Consolidation (Textual)
Economic benefits, percentage	50.00%
Ownership interest, percentage	50.00%
Zhejiang Chang Dian [Member] | JV Company [Member]
Principles of Consolidation (Textual)
Economic benefits, percentage	50.00%
Ownership interest, percentage	50.00%
Zhejiang Chang Dian [Member] | Chang Dian Tonglu [Member]
Principles of Consolidation (Textual)
Economic benefits, percentage	50.00%
Ownership interest, percentage	50.00%
Zhejiang Chang Dian [Member] | Chang Dian Changxing [Member]
Principles of Consolidation (Textual)
Economic benefits, percentage	50.00%
Ownership interest, percentage	50.00%
Jiangsu Gu Xiang [Member] | JV Company [Member]
Principles of Consolidation (Textual)
Economic benefits, percentage	50.00%
Ownership interest, percentage	50.00%

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018
Buildings [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plants and equipment, Estimated useful lives	30 years
Machinery and equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plants and equipment, Estimated useful lives	10 years
Office equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plants and equipment, Estimated useful lives	5 years
Motor vehicles [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plants and equipment, Estimated useful lives	5 years
Molds [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, plants and equipment, Estimated useful lives	5 years

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details 1)	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017	Sep. 30, 2017
Period end RMB : USD exchange rate [Member]
Financial Statement Line Items with Differences in Reported Amount and Reporting Currency Denominated Amounts [Line Items]
Exchange rate	6.8665	6.5067	6.6536
Average RMB : USD exchange rate [Member]
Financial Statement Line Items with Differences in Reported Amount and Reporting Currency Denominated Amounts [Line Items]
Exchange rate	6.5137	6.7568	6.807608

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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Details Textual) ¥ in Millions	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Textual)
Fair value of contingent consideration	$ 12,204,964		$ 12,204,964
Restricted cash	9,104,584		9,104,584			11,218,688
Notes receivable from JV Company and related parties	2,184,519		2,184,519			1,137,289
Total advance payments	110,000,000		110,000,000		¥ 756
Research and development expenses	5,691,649	$ 657,851	7,091,836	$ 26,569,624
Subsidiaries from the chinese government	607,008	474,950	717,821	5,804,561
Notes receivable from unrelated parties	72,817		72,817			0
Net of a reversal for forfeited stock option			2,644,877	4,126,008
Stock-based option expenses	0	997,496	1,586,926	1,586,926
Amortization expenses	157,817	20,524	$ 493,405	61,571
Ownership interest			100.00%
Land use rights, description			The land use rights granted to the Company are amortized using the straight-line method over a term of fifty years.
Advances to suppliers, current assets	3,924,501		$ 3,924,501
Net cash provided by investing activities			(682,504)	2,568,453
Allowance for doubtful accounts	319,421		319,421			133,930
Eliminated restricted cash		5,875,786		5,875,786
Net cash provided by financing activities			(3,631,969)	(3,778,336)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash			(512,545)	1,011,615
Amount due from JV Company, net						15,907,183
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash			(5,151,282)	(1,908,482)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR			16,110,496	25,193,298
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH AT END OF PERIOD	10,446,669	$ 24,296,431	$ 10,446,669	24,296,431
Restricted cash from financing activities				(12,922,105)
Changed to net cash provided by investing activities				8,444,239
Changed to net cash used by financing activities				$ 16,700,441
Maximum [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Textual)
Current discount rate			5.00%
Minimum [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Textual)
Current discount rate			4.80%
Level 2 [Member]
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Textual)
Notes payable, fair value	$ 24,663,846		$ 24,663,846			$ 28,075,945

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Concentrations (Details)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017
Sales [Member] | Zhejiang Shikong Energy Technology Co., Ltd. [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage			13.00%
Sales [Member] | Kandi Electric Vehicles Group Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	61.00%	77.00%	49.00%	82.00%
Sales [Member] | JinhuaChaoneng Automobile Sales Co., Ltd. [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	19.00%	24.00%	24.00%	11.00%
Trade Receivable [Member] | Zhejiang Shikong Energy Technology Co., Ltd. [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage
Trade Receivable [Member] | Kandi Electric Vehicles Group Co., Ltd. and its subsidiaries [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	66.00%		66.00%		74.00%
Trade Receivable [Member] | JinhuaChaoneng Automobile Sales Co., Ltd. [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration risk, percentage	18.00%		18.00%

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Concentrations (Details 1)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017
Shanghai de Lang Power Battery Co., Ltd. [Member] | Purchases [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration percentage			16.00%
Shanghai de Lang Power Battery Co., Ltd. [Member] | Accounts Payable [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration percentage
Jiangsu Tian Peng power Co., Ltd. [Member] | Purchases [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration percentage	25.00%		19.00%
Jiangsu Tian Peng power Co., Ltd. [Member] | Accounts Payable [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration percentage	13.00%		13.00%
Shenzhen BiKe Power Battery Co., Ltd. [Member] | Purchases [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration percentage	26.00%		18.00%
Shenzhen BiKe Power Battery Co., Ltd. [Member] | Accounts Payable [Member]
Concentration Risk [Line Items]
Concentration percentage	8.00%		8.00%

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Concentrations (Details Textual)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Customers [Member]
Concentrations (Textual)
Concentration risk, percentage	10.00%	10.00%	10.00%	10.00%
Suppliers [Member]
Concentrations (Textual)
Concentration risk, percentage	10.00%	10.00%	10.00%	10.00%

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Earnings Per Share (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]
Net (loss) income	$ (6,521,399)	$ 1,918,076	$ (1,418,879)	$ (33,793,376)
Weighted average shares used in basic computation	51,474,048	48,028,467	51,089,047	47,913,028
Dilutive shares
Weighted average shares used in diluted computation	51,474,048	48,028,467	51,089,047	47,913,028
(Loss) income per share:
Basic	$ (0.13)	$ 0.04	$ (0.03)	$ (0.71)
Diluted	$ (0.13)	$ 0.04	$ (0.03)	$ (0.71)

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Earnings Per Share (Details Textual) - shares	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Earnings Per Share (Textual)
Average number of potentially dilutive common shares
Potential dilutive common shares			3,900,000	4,400,000

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Accounts Receivable (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Accounts Receivable [Abstract]
Accounts receivable	$ 40,430,594	$ 34,531,788
Less: allowance for doubtful accounts	(319,421)	(133,930)
Accounts receivable, net	$ 40,111,173	$ 34,397,858

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Inventories (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Inventories [Abstract]
Raw material	$ 6,881,825	$ 7,256,498
Work-in-progress	5,459,200	2,831,678
Finished goods	3,998,427	6,512,537
Total inventories	16,339,452	16,600,713
Less: provision for slowing moving inventories	(662,769)	(620,919)
Inventories, net	$ 15,676,683	$ 15,979,794

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Notes Receivable (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Notes receivable as below:
Bank acceptance notes	$ 72,817
Notes receivable	$ 2,184,519	$ 1,137,289

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Notes Receivable (Details 1) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Amount	$ 2,184,519	$ 1,137,289
Kandi Electric Vehicles Group Co., Ltd. [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Amount	$ 922,126	$ 922,126
Relationship	Joint Venture of the Company	Joint Venture of the Company
Nature	Payments for sales	Payments for sales
Manner of settlement	Not due	Not due
Kandi Jiangsu [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Amount	$ 153,688	$ 153,688
Relationship	Subsidiary of the JV Company	Subsidiary of the JV Company
Nature	Payments for sales	Payments for sales
Manner of settlement	Not due	Not due
KandiChangxing [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Amount	$ 61,475	$ 61,475
Relationship	Subsidiary of the JV Company	Subsidiary of the JV Company
Nature	Payments for sales	Payments for sales
Manner of settlement	Not due	Not due
Shaanxi Hua Dao Auto Sales Co., Ltd [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Amount	$ 72,817
Relationship	Third Party
Nature	Payments for sales
Manner of settlement	Not due

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Property, Plant and Equipment (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and equipment, gross	$ 122,291,079	$ 51,345,256
Less : Accumulated depreciation	(38,181,799)	(38,821,808)
Less: provision for impairment for fixed assets	(444,288)	(522,477)
Property, Plant and equipment, net	83,664,992	12,000,971
Buildings [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and equipment, gross	30,512,866	13,853,340
Less : Accumulated depreciation	(4,769,947)	(4,683,040)
Machinery and equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and equipment, gross	63,567,339	7,916,562
Less : Accumulated depreciation	(7,187,655)	(7,216,464)
Office equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and equipment, gross	511,999	532,774
Less : Accumulated depreciation	(236,702)	(305,367)
Motor vehicles and other transport equipment [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and equipment, gross	419,080	382,866
Less : Accumulated depreciation	(317,789)	(310,631)
Molds and others [Member]
Property, Plant and Equipment [Line Items]
Property, Plant and equipment, gross	27,279,795	28,659,714
Less : Accumulated depreciation	$ (25,669,706)	$ (26,306,306)

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Property, Plant and Equipment (Details Textual) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017
Property, Plant and Equipment (Textual)
Net book value of plant and equipment pledged as collateral for bank loans	$ 8,224,667		$ 8,224,667		$ 9,019,993
Depreciation expenses	$ 239,434	$ 1,119,307	$ 1,511,018	$ 3,253,653

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Land Use Rights (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Land Use Rights [Abstract]
Cost of land use rights	$ 14,947,038	$ 15,676,450
Less: Accumulated amortization	(3,098,072)	(3,010,403)
Land use rights, net	$ 11,848,966	$ 12,666,047

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Land Use Rights (Details 1)	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)
Land Use Rights [Abstract]
2018(Three Months)	$ 89,059
2019	356,236
2020	356,236
2021	356,236
2022	356,236
Thereafter	10,334,963
Total	$ 11,848,966

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Land Use Rights (Details Textual) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017
Land Use Rights (Textual)
Net book value of land use rights pledged as collateral	$ 7,823,541		$ 7,823,541		$ 8,993,913
Amortization expenses of land use rights	$ 82,586	$ 82,054	$ 267,177	$ 241,437

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Construction-in-Progress (Details) ¥ in Billions	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Apr. 30, 2013 CNY (¥) Number
Construction-in-Progress (Textual)
Invest to establish a factory | ¥			¥ 1
Number of electronic vehicles | Number			100,000
CIP amount | $		$ 53,083,925

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Short -Term and Long-Term Bank Loans (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Summary of short-term loans
Short-term loans	$ 30,583,267	$ 33,042,864
Interest rate 5.22% per annum, paid off on April 25, 2018 [Member]
Summary of short-term loans
Short-term loans		10,758,141
Interest rate 5.655% per annum, due on April 25, 2019 [Member]
Summary of short-term loans
Short-term loans	10,194,423
Interest rate 4.79% per annum, paid off on October 15, 2018 [Member]
Summary of short-term loans
Short-term loans	7,106,969	7,499,962
Interest rate 4.79% per annum, paid off on July 4, 2018 [Member]
Summary of short-term loans
Short-term loans		11,096,255
Interest rate 5.66% per annum due on July 1, 2019 [Member]
Summary of short-term loans
Short-term loans	5,825,384
Interest rate 5.66% per annum, due on July 4, 2019 [Member]
Summary of short-term loans
Short-term loans	4,689,434
Interest rate 4.35% per annum, paid off on March 26, 2018 [Member]
Summary of short-term loans
Short-term loans		3,688,506
Interest rate 5.66% per annum, due March 25, 2019 [Member]
Summary of short-term loans
Short-term loans	$ 2,767,057

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Short -Term and Long-Term Bank Loans (Parenthetical) (Details)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018
Interest rate 5.22% per annum, paid off on April 25, 2018 [Member]
Summary of short-term loans
Interest rate	5.22%
Paid off date	Apr. 25, 2018
Interest rate 5.655% per annum, due on April 25, 2019 [Member]
Summary of short-term loans
Interest rate	5.655%
Due date	Apr. 25, 2019
Interest rate 4.79% per annum, due on October 16, 2018 [Member]
Summary of short-term loans
Interest rate	4.79%
Paid off date	Oct. 15, 2018
Interest rate 4.79% per annum, paid off on July 4, 2018 [Member]
Summary of short-term loans
Interest rate	4.79%
Paid off date	Jul. 04, 2018
Interest rate 5.66% per annum due on July 1, 2019 [Member]
Summary of short-term loans
Interest rate	5.66%
Due date	Jul. 01, 2019
Interest rate 5.66% per annum, due on July 4, 2019 [Member]
Summary of short-term loans
Interest rate	5.66%
Due date	Jul. 04, 2019
Interest rate 4.35% per annum, paid off on March 26, 2018 [Member]
Summary of short-term loans
Interest rate	4.35%
Paid off date	Mar. 26, 2018
Interest rate 5.66% per annum, due March 25, 2019 [Member]
Summary of short-term loans
Interest rate	5.66%
Paid off date	Mar. 25, 2019

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Short -Term and Long-Term Bank Loans (Details 1) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Summary of long-term loans
Long-term loans	$ 28,981,286	$ 30,737,547
Loans from Haikou Rural Credit Cooperative [Member]
Summary of long-term loans
Long-term loans	$ 28,981,286	$ 30,737,547

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Short -Term and Long-Term Bank Loans (Parenthetical) (Details 1) - Loans from Haikou Rural Credit Cooperative [Member]	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018
Summary of long-term loans
Interest rate	7.00%
Due date	Dec. 12, 2021

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Short -Term and Long-Term Bank Loans (Details Textual) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Short -Term and Long-Term Bank Loans (Textual)
Interest expense of short-term and long-term bank loans	$ 426,167	$ 387,119	$ 1,274,399	$ 1,123,105
Aggregate amount of short-term and long-term loans guaranteed by various third parties	$ 0		$ 0

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Notes Payable (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Bank Acceptance Notes/Commercial acceptance notes and Other Notes Payable [Abstract]
Total	$ 24,663,846	$ 28,075,945
Due January 4, 2018 [Member]
Bank Acceptance Notes/Commercial acceptance notes and Other Notes Payable [Abstract]
Total		4,987,167
Due April 19, 2018 [Member]
Bank Acceptance Notes/Commercial acceptance notes and Other Notes Payable [Abstract]
Total		230,532
Due May 6, 2018 [Member]
Bank Acceptance Notes/Commercial acceptance notes and Other Notes Payable [Abstract]
Total		1,168,027
Due June 18, 2018 [Member]
Bank Acceptance Notes/Commercial acceptance notes and Other Notes Payable [Abstract]
Total		2,305,316
Due June 21, 2018 [Member]
Bank Acceptance Notes/Commercial acceptance notes and Other Notes Payable [Abstract]
Total		376,019
Due June 25, 2018 [Member]
Bank Acceptance Notes/Commercial acceptance notes and Other Notes Payable [Abstract]
Total		153,688
Due June 27, 2018 [Member]
Bank Acceptance Notes/Commercial acceptance notes and Other Notes Payable [Abstract]
Total		76,844
Due June 29, 2018 [Member]
Bank Acceptance Notes/Commercial acceptance notes and Other Notes Payable [Abstract]
Total		2,382,160
Due December 13, 2018 [Member]
Bank Acceptance Notes/Commercial acceptance notes and Other Notes Payable [Abstract]
Total	6,844,826
Due December 30, 2018 [Member]
Bank Acceptance Notes/Commercial acceptance notes and Other Notes Payable [Abstract]
Total	10,780,855
Due January 9, 2019 [Member]
Bank Acceptance Notes/Commercial acceptance notes and Other Notes Payable [Abstract]
Total	873,808
Due January 11, 2019 [Member]
Bank Acceptance Notes/Commercial acceptance notes and Other Notes Payable [Abstract]
Total	262,142
Due January 12, 2019 [Member]
Bank Acceptance Notes/Commercial acceptance notes and Other Notes Payable [Abstract]
Total	1,456,346
Due February 21, 2019 [Member]
Bank Acceptance Notes/Commercial acceptance notes and Other Notes Payable [Abstract]
Total	72,817
Due February 28, 2019 [Member]
Bank Acceptance Notes/Commercial acceptance notes and Other Notes Payable [Abstract]
Total	873,808
Due March 10, 2019 [Member]
Bank Acceptance Notes/Commercial acceptance notes and Other Notes Payable [Abstract]
Total	436,904
Due March 20, 2019 [Member]
Bank Acceptance Notes/Commercial acceptance notes and Other Notes Payable [Abstract]
Total	291,269
Due March 26, 2018 [Member]
Bank Acceptance Notes/Commercial acceptance notes and Other Notes Payable [Abstract]
Total		10,758,140
Due May 6, 2019 [Member]
Bank Acceptance Notes/Commercial acceptance notes and Other Notes Payable [Abstract]
Total	$ 2,771,071	$ 5,638,052

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Notes Payable (Details Textual) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Notes Payable (Textual)
Notes payable collateral, amount	$ 8,854,584	$ 11,218,688

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Taxes (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Taxes [Abstract]
Tax benefit (holiday) credit	$ 1,345,541	$ 55,439
Basic net income per share effect	$ 0.000	$ 0.000

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Taxes (Details Textual) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Nov. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017
Taxes (Textual)
Applicable corporate income tax rate				25.00%
Reduced income tax rate				15.00%
Research and development tax credits				20.70%	10.89%
Tax exemptions holiday percent				25.00%	25.00%
U.S. federal corporate tax rate, description				(1) reducing the U.S. federal corporate tax rate effective January 1, 2018, (2) requiring a one-time transition tax on certain unrepatriated earnings of foreign subsidiaries that is payable over eight years.
Corporate tax rate				21.00%
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities, decrease provisional						$ 300,000
Net adjustment to valuation allowance						$ 300,000
Income (loss) before income taxes		$ (7,027,360)	$ 2,695,061	$ (1,789,195)	$ (37,924,327)
Income tax expenses benefit		(505,961)	$ 776,985	$ (370,316)	$ (4,130,951)
Corporation income tax, description	The Company renewed its HNTE eligibility which will now expire in 2020. The applicable CIT rate of each of the Company's four other subsidiaries, Kandi New Energy, Yongkang Scrou, Kandi Hainan and Jinhua An Kao, the JV Company and its subsidiaries, and the Service Company is 25%.
Research and development tax credits [Member]
Taxes (Textual)
Research and development tax credits				25.00%	25.00%
PRC [Member] | 2016 through 2017 [Member]
Taxes (Textual)
Cumulative net losses		$ 23,600,000		$ 23,600,000
Operating loss carryforwards, expire date description				The PRC will expire in varying amount between 2021 and 2022
Net loss carried forward term				5 years
U.S. can be carried forward terms				20 years

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Stock Options (Details) - $ / shares	9 Months Ended	12 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Stock Options [Abstract]
Number of Shares Outstanding, Beginning Balance	4,233,334	4,566,667
Number of Shares, Granted
Number of Shares, Exercised
Number of Shares, Cancelled
Number of Shares, Forfeited	(333,334)	(333,333)
Number of Shares Outstanding, Ending Balance	3,900,000	4,233,334
Weighted Average Exercise Price Outstanding, Beginning Balance	$ 9.72	$ 9.72
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Granted
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Exercised
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Cancelled
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Forfeited	9.72	9.72
Weighted Average Exercise Price, Outstanding, Ending Balance	$ 9.72	$ 9.72

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Stock Options (Details Textual) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	May 29, 2015	Sep. 30, 2018
Stock Options (Textual)
Stock compensation expenses		$ 1,057,951
Stock Options [Member]
Stock Options (Textual)
Stock options vesting period, description	The stock options will vest ratably over three years and expire on the tenth anniversary of the grant date.
Company stock options value	$ 39,990,540
Expected volatility rate	90.00%
Expected life	10 years
Risk-free interest rate	2.23%
Expected dividend yield	0.00%
Stock compensation expenses	$ 1,586,926
Forfeited shares		2,644,877
Directors, officers and senior employees [Member] | Stock Options [Member]
Stock Options (Textual)
Purchase shares of common stock	4,900,000
Common stock exercise price per share	$ 9.72
Employees and Directors [Member]
Stock Options (Textual)
Fair value of common stock options issued	4,900,000
Options issued , price per share	$ 8.1613

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Stock Award (Details) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended						3 Months Ended		6 Months Ended			9 Months Ended		12 Months Ended
	Apr. 18, 2018	Feb. 13, 2017	Nov. 30, 2016	Sep. 26, 2016	May 20, 2015	Dec. 30, 2013	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Feb. 28, 2014	Jan. 31, 2012	Dec. 31, 2011	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2017
Stock Award (Textual)
Number of shares, granted
Reduce total number of shares of common stock				250,000
Employee stock award expenses							$ 2,070,947	$ 2,196,201				$ 5,534,039	$ 12,074,147
Stock award, description												The specific number of shares of common stock to be issued in respect of such award could proportionally increase or decrease if the actual Non-GAAP Net Income increase is more or less than 10%. "Non-GAAP Net Income" means the Company's net income for a particular year calculated in accordance with GAAP, excluding option-related expenses, stock award expenses, and the effects caused by the change of fair value of financial derivatives. For example, if Non-GAAP Net Income for the 2014 fiscal year increased by 10% compared to the Non-GAAP Net Income for the 2013 fiscal year, the selected executives and other key employees each would be granted his or her target amount of common stock of the Company. If Non-GAAP Net Income in 2014 is less than Non-GAAP Net Income in 2013, then no common stock would be granted. If Non-GAAP Net Income in 2014 increased compared to Non-GAAP Net Income in 2013 but the increase is less than 10%, then the target amount of the common stock grant would be proportionately decreased. If Non-GAAP Net Income in 2014 increased compared to Non- GAAP Net Income in 2013 but the increase is more than 10%, then the target amount of the common stock grant would be proportionately increased up to 200% of the target amount based on the modification to 2013's proposal in 2014. Any such increase in the grant would be subject to the total number of shares available under the 2008 Plan, and the Company's Board and shareholders will need to approve any increase in the number of shares reserved under the 2008 Plan if all the shares originally reserved are granted.
2008 Plan [Member]
Stock Award (Textual)
Shares of common stock						335,000
Number of shares, granted		246,900
Reduce total number of shares of common stock				335,000
Increase in shares					9,000,000
Employee Stock Award Expenses [Member]
Stock Award (Textual)
Employee stock award expenses							$ 31,675	$ 31,675				$ 1,311,885	$ 1,396,350
Mr. Henry Yu [Member]
Stock Award (Textual)
Restricted shares of common stock											5,000
Mr. Jerry Lewin's [Member]
Stock Award (Textual)
Restricted shares of common stock										5,000
Ms. Kewa Luo [Member]
Stock Award (Textual)
Restricted shares of common stock									5,000
Mr. Mei Bing [Member] | Three Year Employment Agreement [Member]
Stock Award (Textual)
Shares of common stock			10,000
Vested shares of four equal quarterly installments			2,500
Management Members and Employees [Member]
Stock Award (Textual)
Number of shares, granted	238,600

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Intangible Assets (Details) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount:	$ 5,427,501	$ 796,321
Less : Accumulated amortization	(936,421)	(465,205)
Intangible assets, net	4,491,080	331,116
Trade name [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount:	492,235	492,235
Less : Accumulated amortization	$ (325,621)	(287,561)
Remaining useful lives	3 years 2 months 30 days
Customer relations [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount:	$ 304,086	304,086
Less : Accumulated amortization	$ (201,156)	(177,644)
Remaining useful lives	3 years 2 months 30 days
Patent [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Gross carrying amount:	$ 4,631,180
Less : Accumulated amortization	$ (409,644)
Patent [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Remaining useful lives	8 years 5 months 1 day
Patent [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets [Line Items]
Remaining useful lives	6 years 9 months

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Intangible Assets (Details 1)	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)
Intangible Assets [Abstract]
2018 (Three Months)	$ 164,467
2019	657,872
2020	657,872
2021	657,872
2022	578,513
Thereafter	1,774,484
Total	$ 4,491,080

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Intangible Assets (Details Textual) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Intangible Assets (Textual)
Amortization expenses	$ 157,817	$ 20,524	$ 493,405	$ 61,571
Purchase accounting			$ 5,000,000
Patents [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Intangible Assets (Textual)
Acquired estimated economic useful lives			9 years 2 months 1 day
Patents [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Intangible Assets (Textual)
Acquired estimated economic useful lives			7 years 6 months

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Summarized Information of Equity Method Investment in the JV Company (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Condensed income statement information:
Net sales	$ 19,880,543	$ 86,181,120	$ 73,292,774	$ 106,109,272
Gross profits	$ 3,133,283	$ 5,279,283	$ 4,007,896	$ 3,454,547
Gross margin	15.80%	6.10%	5.50%	3.30%
Net loss	$ (5,860,746)	$ (480,622)	$ (87,969)	$ (25,665,734)
% of net sales	(29.50%)	(0.60%)	(0.10%)	(24.20%)
Company's share in net loss of JV based on 50% ownership	$ (2,930,373)	$ (240,311)	$ (43,985)	$ (12,832,867)

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Summarized Information of Equity Method Investment in the JV Company (Details 1) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Condensed balance sheet information:
Current assets	$ 696,525,009	$ 696,683,086
Noncurrent assets	170,713,320	179,943,752
Total assets	867,238,329	876,626,838
Current liabilities	573,013,782	703,629,444
Noncurrent liabilities	760,751	30,737,547
Equity	293,463,796	142,259,847
Total liabilities and equity	$ 867,238,329	$ 876,626,838

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Summarized Information of Equity Method Investment in the JV Company (Details 2) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Summarized Information of Equity Method Investment in the JV Company [Abstract]
Investment in JV Company, beginning of the period,			$ 70,681,013	$ 77,453,014
Investment in JV Company in 2018			79,370,859
Share of loss
Company's share in net loss of JV based on 50% ownership	$ (2,930,373)	$ (240,311)	(43,985)	(12,832,867)
Intercompany transaction elimination			(484,037)	(848,200)
Year 2017 unrealized profit realized			448,429	225,281
Subtotal	(3,247,343)	444,181	(79,592)	(13,455,786)
Exchange difference			(3,699,548)	3,090,575
Investment in JV Company, end of the period	$ 146,272,731	$ 67,087,803	$ 146,272,731	$ 67,087,803

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Summarized Information of Equity Method Investment in the JV Company (Details 3) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Consolidated JV	$ 77,423,493	$ 162,329,623
Kandi Shanghai [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Consolidated JV	40,133,861	2,354,195
KandiChangxing [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Consolidated JV	237,571	912,760
KandiJinhua [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Consolidated JV		15,718
Kandi Jiangsu [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Consolidated JV	1,456,095	1,506,199
Liuchuang [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Consolidated JV	119,851
Zhejiang Chang Dian [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Consolidated JV	272,444
JV Company [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Consolidated JV	$ 35,203,671	$ 157,540,751

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Summarized Information of Equity Method Investment in the JV Company (Details 4) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Consolidated JV	$ 37,300
KandiJinhua [Member]
Schedule of Equity Method Investments [Line Items]
Consolidated JV	$ 37,300

XML

Summarized Information of Equity Method Investment in the JV Company (Details Textual) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended	9 Months Ended
	May 23, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Summarized Information of Equity Method Investment in the JV Company (Textual)
Amount due from JV company		$ 77,423,493	$ 162,329,623
Sales to JV Company and subsidiaries, description		During the first nine months of 2018, the JV Company sold a total of 6,599 units of EV products in the PRC. Because the Company has a 50% ownership interest in the JV Company and accounted for its investments in the JV Company under the equity method of accounting, the Company did not consolidate the JV Company's financial results, but rather included equity income from the JV Company during such periods.
JV Company [Member]
Summarized Information of Equity Method Investment in the JV Company (Textual)
Amount due from JV company		$ 35,203,671	$ 157,540,751
Sales to JV Company and subsidiaries, description		Sales to the Company's customers, the JV Company and its subsidiaries, for the three months ended September 30, 2018, were $23,135,326 or 60.9% of the Company's total revenue,anincreaseof6.4% from $21,749,790 of the same quarter last year. Sales to the Company's customers, the JV Company and its subsidiaries, for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, were $30,479,521 or 48.6% of the Company's total revenue, a decrease of 38.1% from $49,233,156 of the same quarter last year. Sales to the JV Company and its subsidiaries were primarily of battery packs, body parts, EV drive motors, EV controllers, air conditioning units and other auto parts.
Consolidated interests of financial statements, description		(1) its 100% interest in KandiChangxing; (2) its 100% interest in Zhejiang Chang Dian and each of its three direct wholly-owned subsidiaries, i.e., Chang Dian Tonglu, Chang Dian Changxing and JiangsuGu Xiang; (3) its 100% interest in Kandi Shanghai; (4) its 100% interest in Kandi Jiangsu and each of its four direct wholly-owned subsidiaries, i.e., JiHeKang, JiHeKang Service Company, Liuchuang and KandiJinhua; and (5) 100% interest in each of the directly wholly-owned subsidiaries of JiHeKang, i.e., Tianjin BoHaiWan, Jiangsu JiDian, JiHeKang Tianjin and Guangdong JiHeKang. The Company accounted for its investments in the JV Company under the equity method of accounting because the Company has a 50% ownership interest in the JV Company.
Shanghai Guorun [Member]
Summarized Information of Equity Method Investment in the JV Company (Textual)
Additional information about acquisition, description	The JV Company increased its registered capital by RMB 1.09 billion (approximately $159 million), of which Kandi Vehicle contributed its portion by converting the loans lent to the JV company in the amount of RMB 545 million (approximately $79 million) that were previously included in the current and noncurrent amount due from the JV Company and its subsidiaries to the JV Company's registered capital. Geely Group became a new shareholder of the JV Company by investing RMB 545 million (approximately $79 million) in the JV Company.

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Guarantee provided to
Total	$ 14,563,460
Kandi Electric Vehicles Group Co., Ltd. [Member]
Guarantee provided to
Total	7,281,730
Kandi Electric Vehicles Jiangsu Co., Ltd. [Member]
Guarantee provided to
Total	$ 7,281,730

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Commitments and Contingencies (Details Textual) ¥ in Millions		1 Months Ended
	Mar. 15, 2013 USD ($)	Sep. 03, 2018 USD ($)	Aug. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Aug. 29, 2018 USD ($)	Sep. 29, 2015 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018 USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018 CNY (¥)	Dec. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Dec. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)	Jul. 31, 2017 USD ($)	Jul. 31, 2017 CNY (¥)	Apr. 30, 2017 USD ($)	Aug. 31, 2016 USD ($)	Aug. 31, 2016 CNY (¥)
Commitments and Contingencies (Textual)
Guarantee for bank loans amount
Nanlong Group Co., Ltd. [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Textual)
Guarantee for bank loans amount	$ 2,912,692
Description of loans period	Loan period of March 15, 2013, to March 15, 2016.
JV Company [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Textual)
Guarantee for bank loans amount		$ 4,223,403		$ 3,058,327
Description of loans period		Loan period of September 3, 2018 to March 3, 2019.		Loan period of August29, 2018 to February29, 2019.
Kandi Jiangsu [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Textual)
Guarantee for bank loans amount			$ 7,281,730
Description of loans period			Loan period of August31, 2018 to February28, 2019.
Zhejiang Shuguang Industrial Co., Ltd. [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Textual)
Guarantee for bank loans amount					$ 4,223,403
Description of loans period					Loan period of September 29, 2015, to September 28, 2016.
Accrued liability of estimated contingent losses						$ 30,000,000	¥ 20.0	$ 3,000,000	¥ 20.0
Loan principal interests | ¥							9.9
Ping An Bank [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Textual)
Principal amount													$ 4,200,000	¥ 29.0
Accrued liability of estimated contingent losses										$ 3,000,000	¥ 20.0
Loan principal interests | ¥							¥ 10.1
Shanghai Pudong Development Bank [Member]
Commitments and Contingencies (Textual)
Principal amount												$ 2,900,000

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Segment Reporting (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 37,995,360	$ 28,353,899	$ 62,690,873	$ 59,953,751
Timing of revenue recognition [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	37,995,360	28,353,899	62,690,873	59,953,751
Timing of revenue recognition [Member] | Products transferred at a point in time [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	37,995,360	28,353,899	62,690,873	59,953,751
Major Products [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	37,995,360	28,353,899	62,690,873	59,953,751
Major Products [Member] | Off-road vehicles [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	5,929,863	1,345,848	8,742,999	4,077,986
Major Products [Member] | EV parts [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	32,065,497	27,008,051	53,947,874	55,875,765
Primary Geographical Markets [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	37,995,360	28,353,899	62,690,873	59,953,751
Overseas [Member] | Primary Geographical Markets [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	5,849,353	1,218,901	8,337,793	3,621,439
China [Member] | Primary Geographical Markets [Member]
Segment Reporting Information [Line Items]
Revenues	$ 32,146,007	$ 27,134,998	$ 54,353,080	$ 56,332,312

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Segment Reporting (Details Textual)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018 Segment
Segment Reporting (Textual)
Number of operating segment	1

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Related Party Transactions (Details) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Amount due from related party		$ 162,048
Service Company [Member]
Related Party Transaction [Line Items]
Amount due from related party		$ 162,048

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Related Party Transactions (Details Textual)	Sep. 30, 2018
Service Company [Member]
Related Party Transactions (Textual)
Ownership interest, percentage	9.50%
Kandi Vehicles [Member]
Related Party Transactions (Textual)
Ownership interest, percentage	9.50%
Mr.Hu (Member) | Service Company [Member]
Related Party Transactions (Textual)
Ownership interest, percentage	13.00%

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Acquisitions (Details) - USD ($)	Jul. 01, 2018	Jan. 03, 2018
Jinhua An Kao [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Cash		$ 3,988,765
Stock awards		20,718,859
Fair value of contingent consideration		8,712,996
Total		$ 33,420,620
SC Autosports [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Stock awards	$ 756,664
Fair value of contingent consideration	5,306,293
Total	$ 6,062,957

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Acquisitions (Details 1) - USD ($)	Sep. 30, 2018	Jul. 01, 2018	Jan. 03, 2018	Dec. 31, 2017
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill	$ 28,583,528			$ 322,591
Jinhua An Kao [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill			$ 24,216,559
Amortizable intangible assets			4,892,165
Other net assets			5,552,986
Deferred income taxes			(1,241,090)
Total			$ 33,420,620
SC Autosports [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Goodwill		$ 5,240,359
Other net assets		822,598
Total		$ 6,062,957

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Acquisitions (Details 2) - USD ($)		9 Months Ended
	Jan. 03, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018
Patents [Member]
Amortizable intangible assets:
Amount Assigned	$ 4,892,165
Patents [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Amortizable intangible assets:
Estimated useful life (in years)		8 years 5 months 1 day
Patents [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Amortizable intangible assets:
Estimated useful life (in years)		6 years 9 months
Jinhua An Kao [Member]
Amortizable intangible assets:
Amount Assigned	$ 4,892,165
Jinhua An Kao [Member] | Patents [Member] | Maximum [Member]
Amortizable intangible assets:
Estimated useful life (in years)	9 years 2 months 1 day
Jinhua An Kao [Member] | Patents [Member] | Minimum [Member]
Amortizable intangible assets:
Estimated useful life (in years)	7 years 6 months

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Acquisitions (Details 3) - USD ($)	9 Months Ended
	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017
Jinhua An Kao [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 62,690,873	$ 68,646,884
INCOME (LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS	(4,855,157)	(29,634,671)
NET INCOME (LOSS)	$ (1,418,879)	$ (33,080,736)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING BASIC	$ (0.03)	$ (0.65)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING DILUTED	$ (0.03)	$ (0.65)
SC Autosports [Member]
Business Acquisition [Line Items]
Revenue	$ 70,789,131	$ 71,123,168
INCOME (LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS	(4,736,390)	(29,406,007)
NET INCOME (LOSS)	$ (1,300,112)	$ (32,834,460)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING BASIC	$ (0.03)	$ (0.68)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING DILUTED	$ (0.03)	$ (0.68)

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Acquisitions (Details Textual) - USD ($)			3 Months Ended		9 Months Ended
	Jul. 01, 2018	Jan. 03, 2018	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Sep. 30, 2018	Sep. 30, 2017	Jul. 03, 2018
Acquisition (Textual)
Transaction costs		$ 33,295					$ 8,256
Revenue			$ 37,995,360	$ 28,353,899	$ 62,690,873	$ 59,953,751
Operating income			$ (2,419,443)	$ 1,761,090	(4,855,157)	$ (30,364,923)
Jinhua An Kao [Member]
Acquisition (Textual)
Percentage of equity acquisition		100.00%
Business acquisition, description		The Company paid approximately RMB 25.93 million (approximately $4 million) at the closing of the transaction using cash on hand and issued a total of 2,959,837 shares of restrictive stock or 6.2% of the Company's total outstanding shares of the common stock valued at approximately $20.7 million to the former shareholder of Jinhua An Kao and his designees (the "An Kao Shareholders"), and may be required to pay future consideration up to an additional 2,959,837 shares of common stock, which are being held in escrow, to be released contingent upon the achievement of certain net income-based milestones in next three years.
Fair value of contingent consideration liability		$ 8,710,000
Additional restricted shares of common stock		2,959,837
Acquisition gain value					2,600,000
Revenue		$ 9,000,000
Operating income		$ 100,000
SC Autosports [Member]
Acquisition (Textual)
Percentage of equity acquisition							100.00%
Business acquisition, description	The Company issued a total of 171,969 shares of restrictive stock or approximately 0.3% of the Company's total outstanding shares of the common stock valued at approximately $0.8 million at the closing of transaction to the former members of SC Autosportswithin30 days from the signing date of the Transfer Agreement, and may be required to pay future consideration up to an additional 1,547,721 shares of common stock, which are being held in escrow, to be released contingent upon the achievement of certain pre-tax profit based milestones in next three years.
Fair value of contingent consideration liability							$ 5,310,000
Additional restricted shares of common stock	1,547,721
Acquisition gain value					$ 780,000
Revenue	$ 4,400,000
Operating income	$ 270,000