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Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Fiscal Year
The Company’s fiscal year ends on December 31. For example, references to fiscal year 2022 and 2021 refer to the fiscal year ending December 31, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, or GAAP, and applicable rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, regarding interim financial reporting. Accordingly, they do not include all disclosures normally required in annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. Therefore, these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, which was filed with the SEC on February 25, 2022.
In the Company’s opinion, the information contained herein reflects all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the Company’s results of operations, financial position, cash flows, and stockholders’ equity. All such adjustments are of a normal, recurring nature. The results of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 shown in this report are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2022 or any other period.
There have been no material changes in the Company’s significant accounting policies as described in the Company’s consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2021 included in the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, which was filed with the SEC on February 25, 2022.
Principles of Consolidation
The condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and subsidiaries over which the Company has control. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. The condensed consolidated financial statements include 100% of the accounts of wholly owned and majority owned subsidiaries, and the ownership interest of minority investors is recorded as noncontrolling interest.
Segments
The Company operates as a single operating and reportable segment, which is at the consolidated entity level. The chief operating decision maker, or CODM, of the Company is its Chief Executive Officer, or the CEO, who makes resource allocation decisions and assesses performance based on financial information presented on a consolidated basis, accompanied by disaggregated information of the Company’s revenue.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in the consolidated financial statements include, but are not limited to, the estimated period of time the virtual items are available to the user and the estimated amount of consumable and durable virtual items purchased for which the Company lacks specific information that the Company uses for revenue recognition, useful lives of property and equipment and intangible assets, valuation of acquired goodwill and intangible assets, accrued liabilities (including accrued developer exchange fees), contingent liabilities, valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities, stock-based compensation, the carrying value of operating lease right-of-use assets, evaluation of recoverability of long-lived assets and carrying value of goodwill. Management believes that the estimates, and judgments upon which they rely, are reasonable based upon information available to them at the time that these estimates and judgments are made. Actual results could differ from those estimates and any such differences may be material to the consolidated financial statements. To the extent that there are material differences between these estimates and actual results, the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements will be affected.
Although there remains significant uncertainty surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic for global and regional economies, its overall impact is gradually declining. As of the date of issuance of the condensed consolidated financial statements, the Company is not aware of any specific event of circumstance related to COVID-19 that would require it to update its estimates or judgments or adjust the carrying value of its assets or liabilities. As events continue to evolve and additional information becomes available, the Company’s estimates and assumptions may change materially in future periods.
Change in Accounting Estimate
In the third quarter of 2022, the Company completed its quarterly assessment of paying user life estimate, which is used for revenue recognition of durable virtual items and calculated based on historical monthly retention data for each paying user cohort to project future participation on the Roblox Platform. Based on this assessment, the Company updated its paying user life estimate to 28 months in the third quarter of 2022 compared to the previous estimate of 25 months, which was updated from 23 months in the first quarter of 2022. Based on the carrying amount of deferred revenue and deferred cost of revenue as of June 30, 2022, the change resulted in a decrease in revenue of $111.0 million and a decrease in cost of revenue of $25.5 million during the three months ended September 30, 2022.
In 2021, the Company’s paying user life estimate was 23 months. Based on the carrying amount of deferred revenue and deferred cost of revenue as of December 31, 2021, the changes in estimates discussed above resulted in a decrease in revenue of $329.7 million and a decrease in cost of revenue of $76.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. It is estimated that these changes in estimates will decrease our fiscal 2022 revenue and cost of revenue by $344.9 million and $79.3 million, respectively.
Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivables. Cash and cash equivalents are deposited with high quality financial institutions and may, at times, exceed federally insured limits. Management believes that the financial institutions that hold the Company’s deposits are financially credit worthy and, accordingly, minimal credit risk exists with respect to those balances. Generally, these deposits may be redeemed upon demand and, therefore, bear minimal interest rate risk.
The Company provides credit, in the normal course of business, to various customers, performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers, and maintains allowances for potential credit losses on customers’ accounts when deemed necessary. The Company has not experienced any material credit losses to date.
The Company uses various distribution channels to collect payments from users. As of September 30, 2022, and December 31, 2021, two distribution channels accounted for 57% and 54% of the Company’s accounts receivable, respectively. One of the distribution channels accounted for 27% and 19% of the Company’s accounts receivable as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively. The second distribution channel accounted for 30% and 35% of the Company’s accounts receivable as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2021, respectively.
One distribution channel processed 31% and 32% of the Company’s overall revenue transactions for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively and 35% for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. A second distribution channel processed 18% and 19% of the Company’s overall revenue transactions for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively and 19% for each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021.