EX-3.2 3 tm2218836d1_ex3-2.htm EXHIBIT 3.2

 

Exhibit 3.2

 

SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED

 

BY-LAWS

 

OF

 

SUMMER INFANT, INC.

 

 

 

 

SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED

 

BY-LAWS

 

OF

 

SUMMER INFANT, INC.

 

ARTICLE 1 - Stockholders

 

1.1              Place of Meetings. All meetings of stockholders shall be held at such place within or without the State of Delaware as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors or the president. The board of directors is authorized, in its sole discretion, to determine that any such meeting shall not be held at any place, but may instead be held solely by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other (“Remote Communication”). If authorized by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, and subject to such guidelines and procedures as the Board of Directors may adopt, stockholders and proxyholders not physically present at a meeting of stockholders may, by means of Remote Communication (a) participate in a meeting of stockholders; and (b) be deemed present in person and vote at a meeting of stockholders, whether such meeting is to be held at a designated place or solely by means of Remote Communication, provided that (i) Summer Infant, Inc. (the “Corporation”) shall implement reasonable measures to verify that each person deemed present and permitted to vote at the meeting by means of Remote Communication is a stockholder or proxyholder, (ii) the Corporation shall implement reasonable measures to provide such stockholders and proxyholders a reasonable opportunity to participate in the meeting and to vote on matters submitted to the stockholders, including an opportunity to read or hear the proceedings of the meeting substantially concurrent with such proceedings, and (iii) if any stockholder or proxyholder votes or takes other action at the meeting by means of Remote Communication, a record of such vote or other action shall be maintained by the Corporation.

 

1.2              Annual Meeting. The annual meeting of stockholders for the election of directors and for the transaction of such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting shall be held on the date and at the time fixed by the Board of Directors or the president. If this date shall fall upon a legal holiday at the place of the meeting, then such meeting shall be held on the next succeeding business day at the same hour. If no annual meeting is held in accordance with the foregoing provisions, the Board of Directors shall cause the meeting to be held as soon thereafter as convenient. If no annual meeting is held in accordance with the foregoing provisions, a special meeting may be held in lieu of the annual meeting, and any action taken at that special meeting shall have the same effect as if it had been taken at the annual meeting, and in such case all references in these by-laws to the annual meeting of the stockholders shall be deemed to refer to such special meeting.

 

1.3              Special Meetings. Special meetings of stockholders may be called at any time by the president, by the Board of Directors or by one or more stockholders holding shares in the aggregate entitled to cast not less than ten percent (10%) of the votes at that meeting. If any person(s) other than the Board of Directors calls a special meeting, the request shall: (i) be in writing; (ii) specify the time of such meeting and the general nature of the business proposed to be transacted; and (iii) be delivered personally or sent by registered mail or by facsimile transmission to the president, the chairman of the board or the secretary of the Corporation. The officer(s) receiving the request shall cause notice to be promptly given to the stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting, in accordance with these by-laws, that a meeting will be held at the time requested by the person or persons calling the meeting. Business transacted at any special meeting of stockholders shall be limited to matters relating to the purpose or purposes stated in the notice of meeting. Nothing contained in this paragraph of this section 1.3 shall be construed as limiting, fixing, or affecting the time when a meeting of stockholders called by action of the Board of Directors may be held.

 

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1.4              Notice of Meetings. Except as otherwise provided by law, written notice of each meeting of stockholders, whether annual or special, shall be given not less than ten (10) days nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting. The notices of all meetings shall state the place, date and hour of the meeting. The notice of a special meeting shall state, in addition, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called. If mailed, notice is given when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed to the stockholder at his address as it appears on the records of the Corporation.

 

1.5              Voting List. The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation shall prepare, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting, at the principal office of the Corporation. The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time of the meeting, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present.

 

1.6              Quorum. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these by-laws, the holders of a majority of the shares of the capital stock of the Corporation issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at the meeting, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business.

 

1.7              Adjournments. Any meeting of stockholders may be adjourned to any other time and to any other place at which a meeting of stockholders may be held under these by-laws by the stockholders present or represented at the meeting and entitled to vote, although less than a quorum, or, if no stockholder is present, any officer entitled to preside at or to act as secretary of such meeting. It shall not be necessary to notify any stockholder of any adjournment of less than thirty (30) days if the time and place of the adjourned meeting are announced at the meeting at which adjournment is taken, unless after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting. At the adjourned meeting, the Corporation may transact any business which might have been transacted at the original meeting.

 

1.8              Voting and Proxies. Each stockholder shall have one vote for each share of stock entitled to vote held of record by such stockholder and a proportionate vote for each fractional share so held, unless otherwise provided in the Certificate of Incorporation. Each stockholder of record entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders, or to express consent or dissent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, may vote or express such consent or dissent in person or may authorize another person or persons to vote or act for him by written proxy executed by the stockholder or his authorized agent and delivered to the secretary of the Corporation. No such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three years from the date of its execution, unless the proxy expressly provides for a longer period. A stockholder may execute a writing authorizing another person or persons to act for such stockholder as proxy. Execution may be accomplished by the stockholder or such stockholder’s authorized officer, director, employee or agent signing such writing or causing such person’s signature to be affixed to such writing by any reasonable means including, but not limited to, by facsimile signature. A stockholder may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder as proxy by transmitting or authorizing the transmission of a telegram, cablegram, or other means of electronic transmission to the person who will be the holder of the proxy or to a proxy solicitation firm, proxy support service organization or like agent duly authorized by the person who will be the holder of the proxy to receive such transmission, provided that any such telegram, cablegram or other means of electronic transmission must either set forth or be submitted with information from which it can be determined that the telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission was authorized by the stockholder. If it is determined that such telegrams, cablegrams or other electronic transmissions are valid, the inspectors or, if there are no inspectors such other persons making that determination shall specify the information upon which they relied. Any copy, facsimile telecommunication or other reliable reproduction of the writing or transmission created pursuant to this section may be substituted or used in lieu of the original writing or transmission for any and all purposes for which the original writing or transmission could be used, provided that such copy, facsimile telecommunication or other reproduction shall be a complete reproduction of the entire original writing or transmission.

 

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1.9              Action at Meeting. When a quorum is present at any meeting, the holders of a majority of the stock present or represented and voting on a matter (or if there are two or more classes of stock entitled to vote as separate classes, then in the case of each such class, the holders of a majority of the stock of that class present or represented and voting on a matter) shall decide any matter to be voted upon by the stockholders at such meeting, except when a different vote is required by express provision of law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these by-laws. Any election of directors by stockholders shall be determined by a plurality of the votes cast by the stockholders entitled to vote at the election.

 

1.10          Action without Meeting. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken, is signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote on such action were present and voted. Prompt notice of the taking of corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those stockholders who have not consented in writing and to the Corporation.

 

ARTICLE 2 - Directors

 

2.1              General Powers. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of a Board of Directors, who may exercise all of the powers of the Corporation except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these by- laws. In the event of a vacancy in the Board of Directors, the remaining directors, except as otherwise provided by law, may exercise the powers of the full Board until the vacancy is filled.

 

2.2           Number; Election and Qualification. Unless the Certificate of Incorporation fixes the number of directors, the number of directors which shall constitute the whole Board of Directors shall be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors, but in no event shall be less than one. No reduction of the authorized number of directors shall have the effect of removing any director before that director’s term of office expires. Except as provided in Section 2.4 of these by-laws, the directors shall be elected at each annual meeting of stockholders by such stockholders as have the right to vote on such election. Directors need not be stockholders of the Corporation.

 

2.3              Tenure. Each director shall hold office until the next annual meeting and until his successor is elected and qualified, or until his earlier death, resignation or removal.

 

2.4              Vacancies. Unless and until filled by the stockholders, any vacancy in the Board of Directors, however occurring, including a vacancy resulting from an enlargement of the Board, may be filled by vote of a majority of the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. A director elected to fill a vacancy shall be elected for the unexpired term of his predecessor in office, and a director chosen to fill a position resulting from an increase in the number of directors shall hold office until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until his successor is elected and qualified, or until his earlier death, resignation or removal.

 

2.5              Resignation. Any director may resign by delivering his written resignation to the Corporation at its principal office or to the president or secretary. Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless it is specified to be effective at some other time or upon the happening of some other event.

 

2.6              Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without notice at such time and place, either within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be determined from time to time by the Board of Directors; provided that any director who is absent when such a determination is made shall be given notice of the determination promptly following such determination and in advance of such meetings. A regular meeting of the Board of Directors may be held without notice immediately after and at the same place as the annual meeting of stockholders.

 

2.7              Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at any time and place, within or without the State of Delaware, designated by the chairman of the Board, president, two or more directors, or by one director in the event that there is only a single director in office.

 

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2.8              Notice of Special Meetings. Notice of any special meeting of directors shall be given to each director by the secretary or by the officer or one of the directors calling the meeting. Notice shall be duly given to each director (i) by giving notice to such director in person or by telephone at least forty-eight (48) hours in advance of the meeting, (ii) by sending a telegram or telex, or delivering written notice by hand, to his last known business or home address at least forty-eight (48) hours in advance of the meeting, or (iii) by mailing written notice to his last known business or home address at least seventy-two (72) hours in advance of the meeting. A notice or waiver of notice of a meeting of the Board of Directors need not specify the purposes of the meeting.

 

2.9              Meetings by Telephone Conference Calls. Directors or any members of any committee designated by the directors may participate in meetings of the Board of Directors or such committee by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

 

2.1               Quorum. A majority of the total number of directors shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the Board of Directors. In the absence of a quorum at any such meeting, a majority of the directors present may adjourn the meeting from time to time without further notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.

 

2.11          Action at Meeting. At any meeting of the Board of Directors at which a quorum is present, the vote of a majority of those present shall be sufficient to take any action, unless a different vote is specified by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these by-laws.

 

2.12          Action by Consent. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee of the Board of Directors may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board or committee, as the case may be, consent to the action in writing, and the written consents are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board or committee.

 

2.13          Removal. Any one or more or all of the directors may be removed, with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of the shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors, except that the directors elected by the holders of a particular class or series of stock may be removed without cause only by vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of such class or series.

 

2.14          Committees. The Board of Directors may designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. The Board may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members of the committee present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors and subject to the provisions of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it; but no such committee shall have the power or authority to (i) approve or adopt, or recommend to the stockholders, any action or matter (other than the election or removal of directors) expressly required by the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware to be submitted to the stockholders for approval, or (ii) adopt, amend or repeal any by-law of the Corporation. Each such committee shall keep minutes and make such reports as the Board of Directors may from time to time request. Except as the Board of Directors may otherwise determine, any committee may make rules for the conduct of its business, but unless otherwise provided by the directors or in such rules, its business shall be conducted as nearly as possible in the same manner as is provided in these by-laws for the Board of Directors.

 

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2.15          Compensation of Directors. Directors may be paid such compensation for their services and such reimbursement for expenses of attendance at meetings as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation or any of its parent or subsidiary Corporations in any other capacity and receiving compensation for such service.

 

ARTICLE 3 - Officers

 

3.1              Enumeration. The officers of the Corporation shall consist of a president, a secretary, a treasurer and such other officers with such other titles as the Board of Directors shall determine, including a chairman of the Board, a vice-chairman of the Board, and one or more vice presidents, assistant treasurers, and assistant secretaries. The Board of Directors may appoint such other officers as it may deem appropriate.

 

3.2              Election. The officers of the Corporation shall be appointed by the Board of Directors.

 

3.3              Qualification. No officer need be a stockholder. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person.

 

3.4              Tenure. Except as otherwise provided by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these by-laws, each officer shall hold office until his successor is elected and qualified, unless a different term is specified in the vote choosing or appointing him, or until his earlier death, resignation or removal.

 

3.5              Resignation and Removal. Any officer may resign by delivering his written resignation to the Corporation at its principal office or to the president or secretary. Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless it is specified to be effective at some other time or upon the happening of some other event.

 

Any officer may be removed at any time, with or without cause, by resolution of the Board of Directors.

 

Except as the Board of Directors may otherwise determine, no officer who resigns or is removed shall have any right to any compensation as an officer for any period following his resignation or removal, or any right to damages on account of such removal, whether his compensation be by the month or by the year or otherwise, unless such compensation is expressly provided in a duly authorized written agreement with the Corporation.

 

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3.6              Vacancies. The Board of Directors may fill any vacancy occurring in any office for any reason and may, in its discretion, leave unfilled for such period as it may determine any offices other than those of president, treasurer and secretary. Each such successor shall hold office for the unexpired term of his predecessor and until his successor is elected and qualified, or until his earlier death, resignation or removal.

 

3.7              Chairman of the Board and Vice-Chairman of the Board. The Board of Directors may appoint a chairman of the board and may designate the chairman of the board as chief executive officer. If the Board of Directors appoints a chairman of the board, he shall perform such duties and possess such powers as are assigned to him by the Board of Directors. If the Board of Directors appoints a vice-chairman of the board, he shall, in the absence or disability of the chairman of the board, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the chairman of the board and shall perform such other duties and possess such other powers as may from time to time be vested in him by the Board of Directors.

 

3.8              President. The president shall, subject to the direction of the Board of Directors, have general charge and supervision of the business of the Corporation. Unless otherwise provided by the Board of Directors, he shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and, if he is a director, at all meetings of the Board of Directors. Unless the Board of Directors has designated the chairman of the board or another officer as chief executive officer, the president shall be the chief executive officer of the Corporation. The president shall perform such other duties and shall have such other powers as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.

 

3.9              Vice Presidents. Any vice president shall perform such duties and possess such powers as the Board of Directors or the president may from time to time prescribe. In the event of the absence, inability or refusal to act of the president, the vice president (or if there shall be more than one, the vice presidents in the order determined by the Board of Directors) shall perform the duties of the president and when so performing shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the president. The Board of Directors may assign to any vice president the title of executive vice president, senior vice president or any other title selected by the Board of Directors.

 

3.10          Secretary and Assistant Secretaries. The secretary shall perform such duties and shall have such powers as the Board of Directors or the president may from time to time prescribe. In addition, the secretary shall perform such duties and have such powers as are incident to the office of the secretary, including without limitation the duty and power to give notices of all meetings of stockholders and special meetings of the Board of Directors, to attend all meetings of stockholders and the Board of Directors and keep a record of the proceedings, to maintain a stock ledger and prepare lists of stockholders and their addresses as required, to be custodian of corporate records and the corporate seal and to affix and attest to the same on documents.

 

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Any assistant secretary shall perform such duties and possess such powers as the Board of Directors, the president or the secretary may from time to time prescribe. In the event of the absence, inability or refusal to act of the secretary, the assistant secretary, (or if there shall be more than one, the assistant secretaries in the order determined by the Board of Directors) shall perform the duties and exercise the powers of the secretary.

 

In the absence of the secretary or any assistant secretary at any meeting of stockholders or directors, the person presiding at the meeting shall designate a temporary secretary to keep a record of the meeting.

 

3.11          Treasurer and Assistant Treasurers. The treasurer shall perform such duties and shall have such powers as may from time to time be assigned to him by the Board of Directors or the president. In addition, the treasurer shall perform such duties and have such powers as are incident to the office of treasurer, including without limitation the duty and power to keep and be responsible for all funds and securities of the Corporation, to deposit funds of the Corporation in depositories selected in accordance with these by-laws, to disburse such funds as ordered by the Board of Directors, to make proper accounts of such funds and to render as required by the Board of Directors statements of all such transactions and of the financial condition of the Corporation.

 

The assistant treasurer shall perform such duties and possess such powers as the Board of Directors, the president or the treasurer may from time to time prescribe. In the event of the absence, inability or refusal to act of the treasurer, the assistant treasurer, (or if there shall be more than one, the assistant treasurers in the order determined by the Board of Directors) shall perform the duties and exercise the powers of the treasurer.

 

ARTICLE 4 - Capital Stock

 

4.1              Issuance of Stock. Subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, the whole or any part of any unissued balance of the authorized capital stock of the Corporation or the whole or any part of any unissued balance of the authorized capital stock of the Corporation held in its treasury may be issued, sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of by vote of the Board of Directors in such manner, for such consideration and on such terms as the Board of Directors may determine.

 

4.2              Certificates of Stock. Every holder of stock of the Corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate, in such form as may be prescribed by law and by the Board of Directors, certifying the number and class of shares owned by him in the Corporation. Each such certificate shall be signed by, or in the name of the Corporation by, the chairman or vice-chairman, if any, of the Board of Directors, or the president or a vice president, and the treasurer or an assistant treasurer, or the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Corporation. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. Each certificate for shares of stock which are subject to any restriction on transfer pursuant to the Certificate of Incorporation, the by-laws, applicable securities laws or any agreement among any number of shareholders or among such holders and the Corporation shall have conspicuously noted on the face or back of the certificate either the full text of the restriction or a statement of the existence of such restriction.

 

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4.3              Transfers. Except as otherwise established by rules and regulations adopted by the Board of Directors, and subject to applicable law, shares of stock may be transferred on the books of the Corporation by the surrender to the Corporation or its transfer agent of the certificate representing such shares properly endorsed or accompanied by a written assignment or power of attorney properly executed, and with such proof of authority or the authenticity of signature as the Corporation or its transfer agent may reasonably require. Except as may be otherwise required by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these by-laws, the Corporation shall be entitled to treat the record holder of stock as shown on its books as the owner of such stock for all purposes, including the payment of dividends and the right to vote with respect to such stock, regardless of any transfer, pledge or other disposition of such stock until the shares have been transferred on the books of the Corporation in accordance with the requirements of these by-laws.

 

4.4              Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Certificates. The Corporation may issue a new certificate of stock in place of any previously issued certificate alleged to have been lost, stolen, or destroyed, upon such terms and conditions as the Board of Directors may prescribe, including the presentation of reasonable evidence of such loss, theft or destruction and the giving of such indemnity as the Board of Directors may require for the protection of the Corporation, any transfer agent or registrar.

 

4.5              Record Date. The Board of Directors may fix in advance a date as a record date for the determination of the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or to express consent (or dissent) to corporate action in writing without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful action. Such record date shall not be more than sixty (60) days nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty (60) days prior to any other action to which such record date relates.

 

If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day before the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day before the day on which the meeting is held. The record date for determining stockholders entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, when no prior action by the Board of Directors is necessary, shall be the day on which the first written consent is delivered to the Corporation by delivery to its registered office in the State of Delaware, its principal place of business, or an officer or agent of the Corporation having custody of the books in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. Delivery made to the Corporation’s registered office shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. The record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating to such purpose.

 

A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

 

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ARTICLE 5 - General Provisions

 

5.1              Fiscal Year. Except as from time to time otherwise designated by the Board of Directors, the fiscal year of the Corporation shall begin on the first day of January in each year and end on the last day of December in each year.

 

5.2              Corporate Seal. The corporate seal shall be in such form as shall be approved by the Board of Directors.

 

5.3              Waiver of Notice. Whenever any notice whatsoever is required to be given by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these by-laws, a waiver of such notice either in writing signed by the person entitled to such notice or such person's duly authorized attorney, or by telegraph, cable or any other available method, whether before, at or after the time stated in such waiver, or the appearance of such person or persons at such meeting in person or by proxy, shall be deemed equivalent to such notice.

 

5.4              Voting of Securities. Except as the Board of Directors may otherwise designate, the president or treasurer may waive notice of, and act as, or appoint any person or persons to act as, proxy or attorney-in-fact for this Corporation (with or without power of substitution) at, any meeting of stockholders or shareholders of any other Corporation or organization, the securities of which may be held by this Corporation.

 

5.5              Evidence of Authority. A certificate by the secretary, or an assistant secretary, or a temporary secretary, as to any action taken by the stockholders, directors, a committee or any officer or representative of the Corporation shall as to all persons who rely on the certificate in good faith be conclusive evidence of such action.

 

5.6              Certificate of Incorporation. All references in these by-laws to the Certificate of Incorporation shall be deemed to refer to the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, as amended and in effect from time to time.

 

5.7              Transactions with Interested Parties. No contract or transaction between the Corporation and one or more of the directors or officers, or between the Corporation and any other Corporation, partnership, association, or other organization in which one or more of the directors or officers are directors or officers, or have a financial interest, shall be void or voidable solely for this reason, or solely because the director or officer is present at or participates in the meeting of the Board of Directors or a committee of the Board of Directors which authorizes the contract or transaction or solely because his or their votes are counted for such purpose, if:

 

(1)   The material facts as to his relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the Board of Directors or the committee, and the Board or committee in good faith authorizes the contract or transaction by the affirmative votes of a majority of the disinterested directors, even though the disinterested directors be less than a quorum; or

 

(2)   The material facts as to his relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the stockholders entitled to vote thereon, and the contract or transaction is specifically approved in good faith by vote of the stockholders; or

 

(3)   The contract or transaction is fair as to the Corporation as of the time it is authorized, approved or ratified, by the Board of Directors, a committee of the Board of Directors, or the stockholders.

 

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Common or interested directors may be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a meeting of the Board of Directors or of a committee which authorizes the contract or transaction.

 

5.8              Severability. Any determination that any provision of these by-laws is for any reason inapplicable, illegal or ineffective shall not affect or invalidate any other provision of these by-laws.

 

5.9              Pronouns. All pronouns used in these by-laws shall be deemed to refer to the masculine, feminine or neuter, singular or plural, as the identity of the person or persons may require.

 

ARTICLE 6 - Amendments

 

6.1              By the Board of Directors. These by-laws may be altered, amended or repealed or new by-laws may be adopted by resolution of the Board of Directors, provided that any such alteration, amendment, repeal or adoption does not, directly or indirectly, adversely affect any rights that any person, including former and current directors and officers of the Corporation, has or might have pursuant to Article 7 of these by-laws.

 

6.2              By the Stockholders. These by-laws may be altered, amended or repealed or new by-laws may be adopted by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of the capital stock of the Corporation issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at any regular meeting of stockholders, or at any special meeting of stockholders, provided notice of such alteration, amendment, repeal or adoption of new by-laws shall have been stated in the notice of such special meeting provided that any such alteration, amendment, repeal or adoption does not, directly or indirectly, adversely affect any rights that any person, including former and current directors and officers of the Corporation, has or might have pursuant to Article 7 of these by- laws.

 

ARTICLE 7 – Indemnification

 

7.1              Right to Indemnification. Each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is otherwise involved in any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (a “Proceeding”), by reason of the fact (a) that he or she is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or (b) that he or she, being at the time a director or officer of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, member, employee, fiduciary or agent of another Corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to an employee benefit plan (collectively, “Another Enterprise” or “Other Enterprise”), shall, subject to the terms and conditions of this Article 7, be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment, with respect to alleged action or inaction occurring prior to such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than permitted prior thereto), against all expense, liability and loss (including, without limitation, attorneys’ and other professionals’ fees and expenses, claims, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties and amounts paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by such person in connection therewith (“Losses”). Without diminishing the scope of indemnification provided by this Section 7.1, such persons shall also be entitled to the further rights set forth below.

 

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7.2              Actions, Suits or Proceedings, Other Than Those by, or in the Right of the Corporation. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Article 7, the Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any Proceeding (other than an action by or in the right of the Corporation) by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or, being at the time a director or officer of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, member, employee, fiduciary or agent of Another Enterprise, against all Losses, reasonably incurred or suffered by such person in connection with such Proceeding if such person acted in good faith and in a manner reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe the conduct was unlawful. The termination of any Proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation, and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that the conduct was unlawful.

 

7.3              Actions, Suits or Proceedings, by, or in the Right of the Corporation. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Article 7, the Corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any Proceeding by or in the right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director or officer of the Corporation, or being at the time a director or officer of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, member, employee, fiduciary or agent of Another Enterprise against all Losses reasonably incurred or suffered by such person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if such person acted in good faith and in a manner reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Corporation, unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought (or if no action was brought, any court of competent jurisdiction) shall determine upon application that, in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.

 

7.4              Authorization of Indemnification. Any indemnification under this Article 7 (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the Corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of a person is proper in the circumstances because such person has met the applicable standard of conduct required by Sections 7.1, 7.2 or 7.3 of these by-laws, as the case may be. Such determination shall be made (as provided for in Section 7.11 of these by-laws) in a reasonably prompt manner (a) by a majority vote of Disinterested Directors, whether or not they constitute a quorum of the Board of Directors, (b) if there are no Disinterested Directors, or if the Disinterested Directors so direct, by Independent Legal Counsel in a written opinion or by the stockholders, or (c) as Delaware law may otherwise permit. To the extent, however, that a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding described above, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, such person shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys’ and other professionals’ fees) reasonably incurred by such person in connection therewith, without the necessity of authorization in the specific case.

 

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7.5              “Good Faith” Defined. For purposes of any determination under Section 7.4 of these by-laws, a person shall be deemed to have acted in good faith if the action is based on (a) the records or books of account of the Corporation or Another Enterprise, or on information supplied to such person by the officers of the Corporation or Another Enterprise in the course of their duties, or on (b) the advice of Independent Legal Counsel for the Corporation or Another Enterprise, or on information or records given or reports made to the Corporation or Another Enterprise by an independent certified public accountant, independent financial adviser, appraiser or other expert selected with reasonable care by the Corporation or the Other Enterprise. The provisions of this Section 7.5 shall not be deemed to be exclusive or to limit in any way the circumstances in which a person may be deemed to have met the applicable standard of conduct.

 

7.6Definitions. For purposes of this Article 7:

 

(i)        Disinterested Directors” shall mean directors of the Corporation who are not parties to a Proceeding in respect of which indemnification is sought by a claimant.

 

(ii)      Independent Legal Counsel” shall mean a law firm, a member of a law firm or an independent practitioner, that is experienced in matters of corporate law and shall include any person who, under the applicable standards of professional conduct then prevailing, would not have a conflict-of-interest in representing either the Corporation or the claimant in an action to determine the claimant’s rights under this Article 7.

 

7.7              Proceedings Initiated by Directors or Officers Seeking Indemnification and/or Advancement; Proceedings Initiated by the Corporation. Notwithstanding any provisions of this Article 7 to the contrary:

 

(i)        The Corporation shall not indemnify any director or officer or make advance payments of expenses in respect of Losses to any director or officer in connection with any Proceeding (or portion thereof) initiated against the Corporation by such director or officer unless such Proceeding (or portion thereof) is authorized by the Board of Directors or its designee. This prohibition against indemnification and advancement shall apply to all claims, issues or matters that may be alleged or asserted against the Corporation by such director or officer, which include claims, issues or matters that may be alleged or asserted by means of counterclaim, cross-claim or third-party claim.

 

(ii)      The Corporation shall not indemnify any director or officer or make advance payments of expenses in respect of Losses to any director or officer in connection with any Proceeding (or portion thereof) if the Proceeding (or portion thereof) is initiated by the Corporation against the director or officer unless indemnification is mandated by Delaware law.

 

7.8              Indemnification By A Court. Notwithstanding any contrary determination in the specific case under Section 7.4 of these by-laws or the absence of any determination thereunder, and in addition to any claim a director or officer may have as prescribed in Section 7.11 of these by-laws, a director or officer may apply to any court of competent jurisdiction for indemnification, and such court shall grant the application if it is determined that, in view of all the circumstances of the case, the director or officer is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses that the court shall deem proper. Notice of any application for indemnification pursuant to this Section 7.8 shall be given to the Corporation promptly upon the filing of such application. If the court grants the application, in whole or in part, the director or officer shall be entitled to be paid the expense incurred by such director or officer in connection with the application.

 

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7.9              Expenses Payable in Advance. Subject to Section 7.7 of these by-laws, Losses reasonably incurred by a director or an officer in defending any pending Proceeding may be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such Proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such director or officer to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that such director or officer is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation as authorized in this Article 7.

 

7.10          Communications With The Corporation. Any notice, request or other communication required or permitted to be given to the Corporation under Article 7 of these by- laws shall be in writing and either delivered in person or sent by telecopy, telex, telegram, overnight mail or courier service, or certified or registered mail, postage paid, return receipt requested, to the Secretary of the Corporation and shall be effective only upon receipt by the Secretary of the Corporation.

 

7.11          Claims. If a claim for indemnification or advancement of expenses under this Article 7 is not paid in full within sixty days after a written claim therefor by the director or officer has been received by the Secretary as prescribed in this Article 7, the director or officer may file suit to recover the unpaid amount of such claim and, if successful in whole or in part, shall be entitled to be paid the expense of prosecuting such claim. In any such action the Corporation shall have the burden of proving that the director or officer was not entitled to the requested indemnification or advancement of expenses.

 

7.12          Non-exclusive and Survival of Indemnification. The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by or granted pursuant to this Article 7 shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under the Certificate of Incorporation, any by-law, agreement, contract, vote of stockholders or of Disinterested Directors, or pursuant to the direction (howsoever embodied) of any court of competent jurisdiction or otherwise. The provisions of this Article 7 shall not be deemed to preclude the indemnification of any person who is not specified in Sections 7.1, 7.2 or 7.3 of these by-laws but whom the Corporation has the power to indemnify (and pursuant to Section 7.4 of these by-laws determines to indemnify) or an obligation to indemnify under the provisions of Delaware law, or otherwise. The rights conferred by this Article 7 shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director or officer before or after the adoption of these by- laws and shall inure to the benefit of such person and the heirs, executors, administrators and other comparable legal representatives of such person. The rights conferred in this Article 7 shall be enforceable as contract rights, and shall continue to exist after any rescission or restrictive modification hereof with respect to events occurring prior thereto. No rights are conferred in this Article 7 for the benefit of any person (including, without limitation, directors and officers of subsidiaries of the Corporation) in any capacity other than as explicitly set forth herein.

 

7.13          Meaning of Certain Terms in Connection with Employee Benefit Plans, etc. For purposes of this Article 7, references to “fines” shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit plan; references to “serving at the request of the Corporation” shall include any service as a director or officer of the Corporation which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director or officer with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants or beneficiaries; and a person who has acted in good faith and in a manner reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner “not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation” as referred to in this Article 7.

 

7.14          Insurance. The Corporation may, but shall not be required to, purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer or employee of the Corporation, or, being at the time a director, officer or employee of the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, member, employee, fiduciary or agent of Another Enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person’s status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power or the obligation to indemnify such person against such liability under the provisions of this Article 7.

 

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