Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes

The components of the Company’s provision (benefit) for income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, and a reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory income tax rate to the Company’s effective tax rates for such years, are shown below.

	Year Ended December 31,
	2016		2015			2014
Current:
Federal	$	1,766	$	8,177		$	3,112
Foreign		54,253		78,086			61,143
State and local (primarily UBT)		4,090		4,970			5,519
Total current		60,109		91,233			69,774
Deferred:
Federal		50,602		(988,900	)		2,766
Foreign		1,354		(3,960	)		9,239
State and local		11,704		(107,925	)		3,623
Total deferred		63,660		(1,100,785	)		15,628
Total	$	123,769	$	(1,009,552	)	$	85,402

Schedule of Reconciliation of U.S. Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate to Effective Tax Rates

	Year Ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
U.S. federal statutory income tax rate		35.0	%		35.0	%		35.0	%
Income of noncontrolling interests		(0.3	)		13.8			(0.5	)
Foreign source income not subject to U.S.    income tax		(9.3	)		419.4			(12.4	)
Foreign taxes		(0.1	)		(361.6	)		8.2
State and local taxes		3.0			522.2			1.8
Change in U.S. federal valuation allowance		(3.6	)		5477.0			(18.7	)
Other, net		(0.8	)		(31.5	)		3.0
Effective income tax rate (a)		23.9	%		6074.3	%		16.4	%

(a) For the year ended December 31, 2015, the effective tax rate on “operating income (loss)” includes (i) the significant effect of the release of substantially all of our valuation allowance on deferred tax assets and the recognition of deferred tax assets associated with the recording of the tax receivable agreement obligation, as described below, and (ii) the negative impact on “operating income (loss)” as a result of the provision pursuant to the tax receivable agreement.

Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Details of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

	December 31,
	2016			2015
Deferred Tax Assets:
Basis adjustments (a)	$	692,430		$	727,696
Compensation and benefits		197,750			204,780
Net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards		285,694			309,811
Depreciation and amortization		850			840
Other		53,895			36,154
Gross deferred tax assets		1,230,619			1,279,281
Valuation allowance		(69,593	)		(89,251	)
Deferred tax assets (net of valuation allowance)		1,161,026			1,190,030
Deferred Tax Liabilities:
Depreciation and amortization		26,539			17,629
Compensation and benefits		5,447			9,332
Goodwill		27,932			15,208
Other		34,499			28,370
Deferred tax liabilities		94,417			70,539
Net deferred tax assets	$	1,066,609		$	1,119,491

(a) The basis adjustments recorded as of December 31, 2016 and 2015 are primarily the result of additional basis from acquisitions of interests, including the impact of recording the tax receivable agreement obligation during the year ended December 31, 2015.

Summary of Changes in Deferred Tax Assets Valuation Allowance

Changes in the deferred tax assets valuation allowance for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 was as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
Beginning Balance	$	89,251		$	1,044,152		$	1,225,305
Credited to provision for income taxes		(15,981	)		(954,487	)		(203,051	)
Charged (credited) to other comprehensive income and    other (a)		(3,677	)		(414	)		21,898
Ending Balance	$	69,593		$	89,251		$	1,044,152

(a) 2016 includes acquisition-related deferred tax assets offset by a valuation allowance in the amount of $2,271.

Schedule of Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of the beginning to the ending amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits (excluding interest and penalties) for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 is as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2016			2015			2014
Balance, January 1 (excluding interest and penalties    of $13,083, $13,004 and $12,200, respectively)	$	77,280		$	68,224		$	62,905
Increases in gross unrecognized tax benefits relating    to tax positions taken during:
Prior years		5,891			-			2,837
Current year		18,438			22,212			18,698
Decreases in gross unrecognized tax benefits    relating to:
Tax positions taken during prior years		(5,316	)		(621	)		(3,191	)
Settlements with tax authorities		(1,706	)		-			-
Lapse of the applicable statute of limitations		(16,191	)		(12,535	)		(13,025	)
Balance, December 31 (excluding interest and    penalties of $15,392, $13,083 and $13,004,    respectively)	$	78,396		$	77,280		$	68,224

Schedule of Additional Information Relating to Unrecognized Tax Benefits

Additional information with respect to unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

	Year Ended December 31,
	2016		2015		2014
Unrecognized tax benefits at the end of the year that,    if recognized, would favorably affect the effective    tax rate (includes interest and penalties of $15,392,    $13,083 and $13,004, respectively)	$	81,564	$	74,785	$	40,353
Unrecognized tax benefits that, if recognized, would not    affect the effective tax rate	$	12,224	$	15,578	$	40,875
Interest and penalties recognized in current income    tax expense (after giving effect to the reversal of    interest and penalties of $3,143, $3,865 and    $3,177, respectively)	$	2,309	$	79	$	804