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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
12 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2012
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies  
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

NOTE 2 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation and Reclassification

The consolidated financial statements of Lucas Energy include the accounts of its wholly-owned subsidiary, Lucas Energy Resources, Inc. During the year ended March 31, 2012, Lucas Energy dissolved the wholly-owned subsidiary, Lucas Energy Resources, Inc.  On August 16, 2012, Lucas Energy created the wholly-owned subsidiary LEI Alcalde Holdings, LLC.  All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Certain reclassifications have been made to prior period financial statements to conform to the current presentation.

Use of Estimates and Reclassifications

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Lucas' consolidated financial statements are based on a number of significant estimates, including oil and gas reserve quantities which are the basis for the calculation of depreciation, depletion and impairment of oil and gas properties, and timing and costs associated with its asset retirement obligations, as well as those related to the fair value of stock options, stock warrants and stock issued for services.  While we believe that our estimates and assumptions used in preparation of the consolidated financial statements are appropriate, actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash in banks and financial instruments which mature within three months of the date of purchase.

Concentration of Credit Risk

Financial instruments that potentially subject Lucas to concentration of cash and credit risk consist of accounts receivable. Under Section 343 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, for the two-year period of January 1, 2011 through December 31, 2012, cash balances in noninterest-bearing transaction accounts at all FDIC-insured depository institutions were provided temporary unlimited deposit insurance coverage.  At March 31, 2012, cash balances in interest-bearing accounts totaled $4,785.

Accounts receivable are recorded at invoiced amount and generally do not bear interest. Any allowance for doubtful accounts is based on management's estimate of the amount of probable losses due to the inability to collect from customers. As of March 31, 2012, no allowance for doubtful accounts has been recorded.

Sales to one crude oil purchaser comprised 69% and 91% of Lucas' total oil and gas revenues for the fiscal years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.  At March 31, 2012, Lucas Energy's accounts receivable balance included one receivable balance which constituted 86% of the total balance.  This receivable was due from a company that purchased Lucas' crude oil.  The related amounts were collected in April 2012.  At March 31, 2011, Lucas Energy's accounts receivable balance included one receivable balance which constituted 65% of the total balance.  This receivable was due from a company that purchased Lucas' crude oil.  The related amounts were collected in April 2011.  Lucas believes that, in the event that its primary customer is unable or unwilling to continue to purchase Lucas' production, there are a substantial number of alternative buyers for its production at comparable prices.

Marketable Securities

Lucas reports its short-term investments and other marketable securities at fair value in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 825 “Financial Instruments.”  

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

As of March 31, 2012 and 2011, the fair value of Lucas' cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable, note receivable and note payable approximate carrying values because of the short-term maturity of these instruments.

The initial measurement of asset retirement obligations at fair value is calculated using discounted cash flow techniques and based on internal estimates of future retirement costs associated with property, plant and equipment.  Significant Level 3 inputs used in the calculation of asset retirement obligations include plugging costs and reserve lives.  A reconciliation of the Company's asset retirement obligations is presented in Note 6 – Asset Retirement Obligations.

Oil and Gas Properties, Full Cost Method

Lucas uses the full cost method of accounting for oil and gas producing activities. Costs to acquire mineral interests in oil and gas properties, to drill and equip exploratory wells used to find proved reserves, and to drill and equip development wells including directly related overhead costs and related asset retirement costs are capitalized.

Under this method, all costs, including internal costs directly related to acquisition, exploration and development activities, are capitalized as oil and gas property costs on a country-by-country basis. Properties not subject to amortization consist of exploration and development costs that are evaluated on a property-by-property basis. Amortization of these unproved property costs begins when the properties become proved or their values become impaired. Lucas assesses overall values of unproved properties, if any, on at least an annual basis or when there has been an indication that impairment in value may have occurred.  Impairment of unproved properties is assessed based on management's intention with regard to future development of individually significant properties and the ability of Lucas to obtain funds to finance their programs. If the results of an assessment indicate that the properties are impaired, the amount of the impairment is added to the capitalized costs to be amortized.

Sales of oil and natural gas properties are accounted for as adjustments to the net full cost pool with no gain or loss recognized, unless the adjustment would significantly alter the relationship between capitalized costs and proved reserves.  If it is determined that the relationship is significantly altered, the corresponding gain or loss will be recognized in the consolidated statements of operations.  

Costs of oil and gas properties are amortized using the units of production method.   Amortization expense calculated per equivalent physical unit of production amounted to $33.68 and $31.35 per barrel of oil equivalent for the years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, respectively.

Ceiling Test

In applying the full cost method, Lucas performs an impairment test (ceiling test) at each reporting date, whereby the carrying value of property and equipment is compared to the “estimated present value” of its proved reserves discounted at a 10-percent interest rate of future net revenues, based on current economic and operating conditions at the end of the period, plus the cost of properties not being amortized, plus the lower of cost or fair market value of unproved properties included in costs being amortized, less the income tax effects related to book and tax basis differences of the properties. If capitalized costs exceed this limit, the excess is charged as an impairment expense.  During the years ended March 31, 2012 and 2011, no impairment of oil and gas properties was recorded.

Other Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost and consist primarily of a building, furniture and computer equipment.  Depreciation is computed on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives.

Income Taxes

Deferred taxes are provided on the liability method whereby deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences and operating loss and tax credit carry-forwards and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Temporary differences are the differences between the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when, in the opinion of management, it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and accrued tax liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.

Lucas has evaluated and concluded that there are no significant uncertain tax positions requiring recognition in the Company’s financial statements as of March 31, 2012 and 2011.  The Company’s policy is to classify assessments, if any, for tax related interest expense and penalties as interest expense.

Earnings per Share of Common Stock

Basic and diluted net income per share calculations are calculated on the basis of the weighted average number of shares of the Company's common stock (Common Shares) outstanding during the year.  Purchases of treasury stock reduce the outstanding shares commencing on the date that the stock is purchased.  Common stock equivalents are excluded from the calculation when a loss is incurred as their effect would be anti-dilutive.

Stock options to purchase 456,000 Common Shares at an average exercise price of $2.88 per share and warrants to purchase 2,966,136 Common Shares at an average exercise price of $2.67 per share were outstanding at March 31, 2012. During the year ended March 31, 2012, Lucas issued 2,000 shares of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock and 2,824 shares of Series B Convertible Preferred Stock for interests in oil and gas properties.  Each share of the Series A and Series B Convertible Preferred Stock shares are convertible into an aggregate of 1,000 shares of the Company’s common stock and have no liquidation preference and no maturity date.

Stock options to purchase 256,000 common shares at an average exercise price of $1.99 per share and warrants to purchase 5,476,642 common shares at an average exercise price of $2.65 per share were outstanding at March 31, 2011.

At March 31, 2012, all options and warrants outstanding were "out of the money" and therefore, did not have any dilutive effect under the treasury stock method to the net income (loss) earnings per share calculation for the annual period then ended.

Share-Based Compensation

In accordance with the provisions of the Stock Compensation Topic of the ASC (ASC Topic 718), Lucas measures the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award.

Revenue and Cost Recognition

Lucas recognizes oil and natural gas revenue under the sales method of accounting for its interests in producing wells as crude oil and natural gas is produced and sold from those wells. Costs associated with production are expensed in the period incurred.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2011-04, which amends the Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures topic of the Accounting Standards Codification. The
 
amendments clarify the FASB's intent about the application of existing fair value measurement requirements and change certain principles or requirements for measuring fair value or disclosing information about fair value measurements. ASU 2011-04 is effective for interim and annual fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2011.

The adoption of ASU 2011-04 did not have a material impact on the Company’s financial statements.

Subsequent Events

Lucas evaluated all transactions from March 31, 2012 through the financial statement issuance date for subsequent event disclosure.  See subsequent events disclosed in Note 12.