EX-3.2 8 file003.htm BY-LAWS


                                                                     EXHIBIT 3.2

                                     BY-LAWS

                                       OF

                             CRYSTAL US SUB 3 CORP.
             -----------------------------------------------------

                                   ARTICLE I

                                    OFFICES
                                    -------

          Section 1.1. Crystal US Sub 3 Corp. (the "Corporation") shall maintain
a registered office in the State of Delaware. The Corporation may also have
other offices at such places, either within or without the State of Delaware, as
the Board of Directors may from time to time designate or the business of the
Corporation may require.

                                   ARTICLE II

                            MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS
                            ------------------------

          Section 2.1. Place of Meeting and Notice. Meetings of the stockholders
of the Corporation shall be held at such place either within or without the
State of Delaware as the Board of Directors may determine.

          Section 2.2. Annual Meetings. If required by applicable law, the
annual meeting of stockholders for the election of directors and the transaction
of any other business as may properly come before such meeting shall be held on
such date, at such time and place as may be designated from time to time by the
Board of Directors, and set forth in the notice of such meeting. At the annual
meeting any business may be transacted and any corporate action may be taken,
whether stated in the notice of meeting or not, except as otherwise expressly
provided by statute or certificate of incorporation.

          Section 2.3. Special Meetings. Special meetings of stockholders for
any purpose may be called at any time by the Board of Directors, the Chairperson
of the Board, or, if no Chairperson of the Board has been elected, by the
President, and shall be called by the Chairperson of the Board or, if none, by
the President at the request of the holders of shares of the issued and
outstanding capital stock of the Corporation representing at least a majority of
the votes entitled to be cast at a meeting of stockholders. Special Meetings
shall be held at such place or places within or without the State of Delaware as
shall from time to time be designated by the Board of Directors and stated in
the notice of such meeting. Only if so determined by the Board of Directors, in
its sole discretion, a meeting of stockholders may be held not at any place, but
may be instead held solely by means of remote communication, as provided in the
General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. At any special meeting any
business may be transacted and any corporate action may be transacted and any
corporate action may be taken, whether stated in the notice of meeting or not,
except as otherwise expressly provided by law or the certificate of
incorporation.


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          Section 2.4. Notice of Meetings. Notice of the date, time and place of
any stockholders' meeting whether annual or special, shall be given to each
stockholder entitled to vote thereat not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty
(60) days before the date of the meeting. If mailed, such notice shall be deemed
to be given when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed
to the stockholder at such stockholder's address as it appears on the records of
the Corporation. Notice of any adjourned meeting need not be given other than by
announcement at the meeting so adjourned, unless otherwise ordered in connection
with such adjournment. Such further notice, if any, shall be given as may be
required by law.

          Section 2.5. Adjournments. Whether or not a quorum is present, any
meeting of stockholders, annual or special, may adjourn from time to time to
reconvene at the same or some other place, and notice need not be given of any
such adjourned meeting if the time and place thereof are announced at the
meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting the
Corporation may transact any business that might have been transacted at the
original meeting.

          Section 2.6. Quorum. Any number of stockholders, who are entitled to
vote, who hold shares of the issued and outstanding capital stock of the
Corporation representing at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast at
a meeting of stockholders and who shall be present in person or represented by
proxy at any meeting duly called shall constitute a quorum for all purposes
except as may otherwise be provided by law or certificate of incorporation.

          Section 2.7. Organization. Meetings of stockholders shall be presided
over by the Chairperson of the Board, if any, or in his or her absence by the
Vice Chairperson of the Board, if any, or in his or her absence by the
President, or in his or her absence by a Vice President, or in the absence of
the foregoing persons by a chairperson designated by the Board of Directors, or
in the absence of such designation by a chairperson chosen at the meeting. The
Secretary shall act as secretary of the meeting, but in his or her absence the
chairperson of the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the
meeting.

          Section 2.8. Voting; Proxies. Except as otherwise provided by or
pursuant to the provisions of the certificate of incorporation, each stockholder
entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders shall be entitled to one vote
for each share of stock held by such stockholder which has voting power upon the
matter in question. Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of
stockholders or to express consent to corporate action in writing without a
meeting may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder by
proxy, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three years from its
date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. A proxy shall be
irrevocable if it states that it is irrevocable and if, and only as long as, it
is coupled with an interest sufficient in law to support an irrevocable power. A
stockholder may revoke any proxy which is not irrevocable by attending the
meeting and voting in person or by delivering to the Secretary of the
Corporation a revocation of the proxy or a new proxy bearing a later date.
Voting at meetings of stockholders need not be by written ballot. At all
meetings of stockholders for the election of directors at which a quorum is
present a plurality of the votes cast shall be sufficient to elect. All other
elections and questions presented to the stockholders at a meeting at which a
quorum is present shall, unless otherwise provided by the certificate of
incorporation, these by-laws, the rules or regulations of any stock exchange
applicable to the Corporation, or applicable law or pursuant to any regulation
applicable to the Corporation or its securities, be decided by the affirmative
vote of the holders of a majority in voting power of the


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shares of stock of the Corporation which are present in person or by proxy and
entitled to vote thereon.

          Section 2.9. Fixing Date for Determination of Stockholders of Record.
In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice
of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or to
express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, or entitled to
receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any
rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion
or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of
Directors may fix a record date, which record date shall not precede the date
upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of
Directors, and which record date: (1) in the case of determination of
stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders or adjournment
thereof, shall, unless otherwise required by law, not be more than sixty (60)
nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting; (2) in the case of
determination of stockholders entitled to express consent to corporate action in
writing without a meeting, shall not be more than ten (10) days from the date
upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of
Directors; and (3) in the case of any other action, shall not be more than sixty
(60) days prior to such other action. If no record date is fixed: (1) the record
date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting
of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the
day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business
on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held; (2) the record
date for determining stockholders entitled to express consent to corporate
action in writing without a meeting, when no prior action of the Board of
Directors is required by law, shall be the first date on which a signed written
consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to
the Corporation in accordance with applicable law, or, if prior action by the
Board of Directors is required by law, shall be at the close of business on the
day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution taking such prior
action; and (3) the record date for determining stockholders for any other
purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of
Directors adopts the resolution relating thereto. A determination of
stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of
stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however,
that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

          Section 2.10. List of Stockholders Entitled to Vote. The officer of
the Corporation who has charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation shall
prepare and make a list of the stockholders entitled to vote at each meeting of
stockholders, and make such list available for examination, in the manner
prescribed by law.

          Section 2.11. Action By Written Consent of Stockholders. Whenever
under Delaware General Corporation Law, stockholders are required or permitted
to take any action by vote, such action may be taken without a meeting upon the
consent in writing or by electronic transmission, setting forth the action so
taken, signed by the holder of all outstanding shares entitled to vote thereon.

          Section 2.12. Inspectors of Election. The Corporation may, and shall
if required by law, in advance of any meeting of stockholders, appoint one or
more inspectors of election, who may be employees of the Corporation, to act at
the meeting or any adjournment thereof and to make a written report thereof. The
Corporation may designate one or more persons as


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alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. In the event
that no inspector so appointed or designated is able to act at a meeting of
stockholders, the person presiding at the meeting shall appoint one or more
inspectors to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before entering upon the
discharge of his or her duties, shall take and sign an oath to execute
faithfully the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the
best of his or her ability. The inspector or inspectors so appointed or
designated shall (i) ascertain the number of shares of capital stock of the
Corporation outstanding and the voting power of each such share, (ii) determine
the shares of capital stock of the Corporation represented at the meeting and
the validity of proxies and ballots, (iii) count all votes and ballots, (iv)
determine and retain for a reasonable period a record of the disposition of any
challenges made to any determination by the inspectors, and (v) certify their
determination of the number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation
represented at the meeting and such inspectors' count of all votes and ballots.
Such certification and report shall specify such other information as may be
required by law. In determining the validity and counting of proxies and ballots
cast at any meeting of stockholders of the Corporation, the inspectors may
consider such information as is permitted by applicable law. No person who is a
candidate for an office at an election may serve as an inspector at such
election.

                                  ARTICLE III

                               BOARD OF DIRECTORS
                               ------------------

          Section 3.1. Number; Qualifications. The Board of Directors shall
consist of one or more members, the number thereof to be determined from time to
time by resolution of the Board of Directors. Directors need not be
stockholders.

          Section 3.2. Responsibilities. The general management of the affairs
of the Corporation shall be vested in the Board of Directors, which may delegate
to officers, employees and to committees of one (1) or more directors such
powers and duties as it may from time to time see fit, subject to the
limitations hereinafter set forth, and except as may otherwise be provided by
law.

          Section 3.3. Election; Resignation; Vacancies. The Board of Directors
shall initially consist of the persons named as directors in the certificate of
incorporation or elected by the incorporator of the Corporation, and each
director so elected shall hold office until the first annual meeting of
stockholders or until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified. At the
first annual meeting of stockholders and at each annual meeting thereafter, the
stockholders shall elect directors each of whom shall hold office for a term of
one year or until his or her successor is duly elected and qualified, subject to
such director's earlier death, resignation, disqualification or removal. Any
director may resign at any time upon written notice to the Corporation. The
acceptance of a resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Unless
otherwise provided by law or the certificate of incorporation, any newly created
directorship or any vacancy occurring in the Board of Directors for any cause
may be filled by a majority of the remaining members of the Board of Directors,
although such majority is less than a quorum, or by a plurality of the votes
cast at a meeting of stockholders, and each director so elected shall hold
office until the expiration of the term of office of the director whom he or she
has replaced or until his or her successor is elected and qualified.


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          Section 3.4. Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the Board of
Directors may be held at such places within or without the State of Delaware and
at such times as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine.

          Section 3.5. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of
Directors may be held at any time or place within or without the State of
Delaware whenever called by the Chairperson of the Board, the President, any
Vice President, the Secretary, or by any member of the Board of Directors.
Notice of a special meeting of the Board of Directors shall be given by the
person or persons calling the meeting at least twenty-four hours before the
special meeting.

          Section 3.6. Telephonic Meetings Permitted. Members of the Board of
Directors, or any committee designated by the Board of Directors, may
participate in a meeting thereof by means of conference telephone or other
communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the
meeting can hear each other, and participation in a meeting pursuant to this
by-law shall constitute presence in person at such meeting.

          Section 3.7. Quorum; Vote Required for Action. At all meetings of the
Board of Directors the directors entitled to cast a majority of the votes of the
whole Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of
business. Except in cases in which the certificate of incorporation, these
by-laws or applicable law otherwise provides, a majority of the votes entitled
to be cast by the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present
shall be the act of the Board of Directors. Whether or not a quorum is present
at a meeting of the Board of Directors, a majority of the directors present may
adjourn the meeting to such time and place as they may determine without notice
other than an announcement at the meeting.

          Section 3.8. Organization. Meetings of the Board of Directors shall be
presided over by the Chairperson of the Board, if any, or in his or her absence
by the Vice Chairperson of the Board, if any, or in his or her absence by the
President, or in their absence by a chairperson chosen at the meeting. The
Secretary shall act as secretary of the meeting, but in his or her absence the
chairperson of the meeting may appoint any person to act as secretary of the
meeting.

          Section 3.9. Action by Unanimous Consent of Directors. Unless
otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation or these by-laws, any
action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of
Directors, or of any committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if all
members of the Board of Directors or such committee, as the case may be, consent
thereto in writing or by electronic transmission and the writing or writings or
electronic transmissions are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board
or committee in accordance with applicable law.

          Section 3.10. Business Transacted at Meetings. Any business may be
transacted and any corporate action may be taken at any regular or special
meeting of the Board of Directors at which a quorum shall be present, whether
such business or proposed action be stated in the notice of such meeting or not,
unless special notice of such business or proposed action shall be required by
law.


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                                   ARTICLE IV

                                   COMMITTEES
                                   ----------

          Section 4.1. Committees. The Board of Directors, by resolution passed
by a majority of the entire Board of Directors, may designate one (1) or more
committees, each committee to consist of one (1) or more of the directors of the
Corporation. The Board of Directors may designate one (1) or more directors as
alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified
member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or disqualification of a
member of the committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting
and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he, she or they constitute a
quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act
at the meeting in place of any such absent or disqualified member. Any such
committee, to the extent permitted by law and to the extent provided in the
resolution of the Board of Directors, shall have and may exercise all the powers
and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and
affairs of the Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the Corporation to be
affixed to all papers which may require it.

          Section 4.2. Committee Rules. Unless the Board of Directors otherwise
provides, each committee designated by the Board of Directors may make, alter
and repeal rules for the conduct of its business. In the absence of such rules
each committee shall conduct its business in the same manner as the Board of
Directors conducts its business pursuant to Article III of these by-laws.

                                   ARTICLE V

                                    OFFICERS
                                    --------

          Section 5.1. Executive Officers; Election; Qualifications; Term of
Office; Resignation; Removal; Vacancies. The Board of Directors shall elect a
President and Secretary, and it may, if it so determines, choose a Chairperson
of the Board and a Vice Chairperson of the Board from among its members. The
Board of Directors may also choose one or more Vice Presidents, one or more
Assistant Secretaries, a Treasurer and one or more Assistant Treasurers and such
other officers as it shall from time to time deem necessary or desirable. Each
such officer shall hold office until the first meeting of the Board of Directors
after the annual meeting of stockholders next succeeding his or her election,
and until his or her successor is elected and qualified or until his or her
earlier resignation or removal. Any officer may resign at any time upon written
notice to the Corporation. The Board of Directors may remove any officer with or
without cause at any time, but such removal shall be without prejudice to the
contractual rights of such officer, if any, with the Corporation. Any number of
offices may be held by the same person. Any vacancy occurring in any office of
the Corporation by death, resignation, removal or otherwise may be filled for
the unexpired portion of the term by the Board of Directors at any regular or
special meeting.

          Section 5.2. Powers and Duties of Executive Officers. The officers of
the Corporation shall have such powers and duties in the management of the
Corporation as may be prescribed in a resolution by the Board of Directors and,
to the extent not so provided, as generally pertain to their respective offices,
subject to the control of the Board of Directors. The


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Board of Directors may require any officer, agent or employee to give security
for the faithful performance of his or her duties.

          Section 5.3. Appointing Attorneys and Agents; Voting Securities of
Other Entities. Unless otherwise provided by resolution adopted by the Board of
Directors, the Chairperson of the Board, the President or any Vice President may
from time to time appoint an attorney or attorneys or agent or agents of the
Corporation, in the name and on behalf of the Corporation, to cast the votes
which the Corporation may be entitled to cast as the holder of stock or other
securities in any other corporation or other entity, any of whose stock or other
securities may be held by the Corporation, at meetings of the holders of the
stock or other securities of such other corporation or other entity, or to
consent in writing, in the name of the Corporation as such holder, to any action
by such other corporation or other entity, and may instruct the person or
persons so appointed as to the manner of casting such votes or giving such
consents, and may execute or cause to be executed in the name and on behalf of
the Corporation and under its corporate seal or otherwise, all such written
proxies or other instruments as he or she may deem necessary or proper. Any of
the rights set forth in this Section 4.3 which may be delegated to an attorney
or agent may also be exercised directly by the Chairperson of the Board, the
President or the Vice President.

                                   ARTICLE VI

                                     STOCK
                                     -----

          Section 6.1. Certificates. Every holder of stock shall be entitled to
have a certificate signed by or in the name of the Corporation by the
Chairperson or Vice Chairperson of the Board of Directors, if any, or the
President or a Vice President, and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer,
or the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, of the Corporation certifying the
number of shares owned by such holder in the Corporation. Any of or all the
signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer
agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed
upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent, or
registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation
with the same effect as if such person were such officer, transfer agent, or
registrar at the date of issue.

          Section 6.2. Lost, Stolen or Destroyed Stock Certificates; Issuance of
New Certificates. The Corporation may issue a new certificate of stock in the
place of any certificate theretofore issued by it, alleged to have been lost,
stolen or destroyed, and the Corporation may require the owner of the lost,
stolen or destroyed certificate, or such owner's legal representative, to give
the Corporation a bond sufficient to indemnify it against any claim that may be
made against it on account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of any such
certificate or the issuance of such new certificate.

                                  ARTICLE VII

                             DIVIDENDS AND SURPLUS
                             ---------------------

          Section 7.1. General Discretion of the Directors: The Board of
Directors shall have the power to fix and vary the amount set aside or reserved
as working capital of the


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Corporation, or as reserves, or for other purposes of the Corporation, and,
subject to the requirements of the certificate of incorporation, to determine
whether any part of the surplus or net profits of the Corporation shall be
declared in dividends and paid to stockholders, and to fix the date or dates for
the payment of dividends. Dividends may be paid in cash, property or shares of
capital stock.

                                  ARTICLE VIII

                                INDEMNIFICATION
                                ---------------

          Section 8.1. Right to Indemnification. The Corporation shall indemnify
and hold harmless, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law as it
presently exists or may hereafter be amended, any person (a "Covered Person")
who was or is made or is threatened to be made a party or is otherwise involved
in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or
investigative (a "proceeding"), by reason of the fact that he or she, or a
person for whom he or she is the legal representative, is or was a director or
officer of the Corporation or, while a director or officer of the Corporation,
is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer,
employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture,
trust, enterprise or nonprofit entity, including service with respect to
employee benefit plans, against all liability and loss suffered and expenses
(including attorneys' fees) reasonably incurred by such Covered Person.
Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, except as otherwise provided in Section
8.3, the Corporation shall be required to indemnify a Covered Person in
connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) commenced by such Covered Person
only if the commencement of such proceeding (or part thereof) by the Covered
Person was authorized in the specific case by the Board of Directors of the
Corporation.

          Section 8.2. Prepayment of Expenses. The Corporation shall to the
fullest extent not prohibited by applicable law pay the expenses (including
attorneys' fees) incurred by a Covered Person in defending any proceeding in
advance of its final disposition, provided, however, that, to the extent
required by law, such payment of expenses in advance of the final disposition of
the proceeding shall be made only upon receipt of an undertaking by the Covered
Person to repay all amounts advanced if it should be ultimately determined that
the Covered Person is not entitled to be indemnified under this Article VIII or
otherwise.

          Section 8.3. Claims. If a claim for indemnification (following the
final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding) or advancement of expenses
under this Article VIII is not paid in full within thirty days after a written
claim therefor by the Covered Person has been received by the Corporation, the
Covered Person may file suit to recover the unpaid amount of such claim and, if
successful in whole or in part, shall be entitled to be paid the expense of
prosecuting such claim. In any such action the Corporation shall have the burden
of proving that the Covered Person is not entitled to the requested
indemnification or advancement of expenses under applicable law.

          Section 8.4. Nonexclusivity of Rights. The rights conferred on any
Covered Person by this Article VIII shall not be exclusive of any other rights
which such Covered Person may have or hereafter acquire under any statute,
provision of the certificate of incorporation, these by-laws, agreement, vote of
stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.


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          Section 8.5. Other Sources. The Corporation's obligation, if any, to
indemnify or to advance expenses to any Covered Person who was or is serving at
its request as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation,
partnership, joint venture, trust, enterprise or nonprofit entity shall be
reduced by any amount such Covered Person may collect as indemnification or
advancement of expenses from such other corporation, partnership, joint venture,
trust, enterprise or non-profit enterprise.

          Section 8.6. Amendment or Repeal. Any repeal or modification of the
foregoing provisions of this Article VIII shall not adversely affect any right
or protection hereunder of any Covered Person in respect of any act or omission
occurring prior to the time of such repeal or modification.

          Section 8.7. Other Indemnification and Prepayment of Expenses. This
Article VIII shall not limit the right of the Corporation, to the extent and in
the manner permitted by law, to indemnify and to advance expenses to persons
other than Covered Persons when and as authorized by appropriate corporate
action.

                                   ARTICLE IX

                                 Miscellaneous
                                 -------------

          Section 9.1. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be
determined by resolution of the Board of Directors.

          Section 9.2. Seal. The corporate seal shall have the name of the
Corporation inscribed thereon and shall be in such form as may be approved from
time to time by the Board of Directors.

          Section 9.3. Manner of Notice. Except as otherwise provided herein or
permitted by applicable law, notices to directors and stockholders shall be in
writing and delivered personally or mailed to the directors or stockholders at
their addresses appearing on the books of the Corporation. Notice to directors
may be given by telecopier, telephone or other means of electronic transmission.

          Section 9.4. Waiver of Notice of Meetings of Stockholders, Directors
and Committees. Any waiver of notice, given by the person entitled to notice,
whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to
notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice
of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express
purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any
business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the
business to be transacted at nor the purpose of any regular or special meeting
of the stockholders, directors, or members of a committee of directors need be
specified in a waiver of notice.

          Section 9.5. Form of Records. Any records maintained by the
Corporation in the regular course of its business, including its stock ledger,
books of account, and minute books, may be kept on, or by means of, or be in the
form of, any information storage device or method, provided that the records so
kept can be converted into clearly legible paper form within a reasonable time.


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          Section 9.6. Amendment of By-Laws. These by-laws may be altered,
amended or repealed, and new by-laws made, by the Board of Directors, but the
stockholders may make additional by-laws and may alter and repeal any by-laws
whether adopted by them or otherwise.


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