10-Q

 UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended January 31, 2025

or

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _____________ to ______________

Commission File No. 000-50956

PHARMA-BIO SERV, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware	20-0653570
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)	(IRS  Employer  Identification No.)

Pharma-Bio Serv Building, # 6 Road 696 Dorado, Puerto Rico	00646
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)	(Zip Code)

Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code 787-278-2709

N/A

  (Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)  

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None

Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒     No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒     No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer	☐	Accelerated filer	☐
Non-accelerated filer	☒	Smaller reporting company	☒
		Emerging growth company	☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐     No ☒

The number of shares of the registrant’s common stock outstanding as of March 12, 2025 was 22,930,842.

PHARMA-BIO SERV, INC.

FORM 10-Q

FOR THE QUARTER ENDED JANUARY 31, 2025

TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page
PART I FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1 – Financial Statements	3
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of January 31, 2025 and October 31, 2024 (unaudited)	3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three-month periods ended January 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)	4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the three-month periods ended January 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)	5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity for the three-month periods ended January 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)	6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the three-month periods ended January 31, 2025 and 2024 (unaudited)	7
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)	8
Item 2 - Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	14
Item 4 – Controls and Procedures	17
PART II OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1 – Legal Proceedings	18
Item 1A – Risk Factors	18
Item 2 - Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	18
Item 6 – Exhibits	19
SIGNATURES	20

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PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1.  FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

PHARMA-BIO SERV, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets

(Unaudited)

ASSETS	January 31, 2025*			October 31, 2024**
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	7,307,123		$	6,767,356
Marketable securities		5,127,525			5,978,104
Accounts receivable		2,681,752			2,510,909
Prepaids and other assets		418,483			442,384
Total current assets		15,534,883			15,698,753
Property and equipment		159,842			169,281
Operating lease right-of-use		157,211			198,597
Other assets		225,558			225,599
Total assets	$	16,077,494		$	16,292,230
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities
Current operating lease liabilities	$	153,994		$	165,201
Accounts payable and accrued expenses		951,537			1,127,649
Dividend payable to shareholders		1,719,918			-
Current portion of US Tax Reform Transition Tax and income taxes payable		595,013			594,316
Total current liabilities		3,420,462			1,887,166
US Tax Reform Transition Tax payable		660,903			660,903
Long term operating lease liabilities		-			28,834
Total liabilities		4,081,365			2,576,903
Stockholders' equity
Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value; authorized 10,000,000 shares; none outstanding		-			-
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value; authorized 50,000,000 shares; 23,519,672 shares issued, and 22,958,143 shares outstanding on January 31, 2025 and October 31, 2024		2,352			2,352
Additional paid-in capital		1,655,149			1,644,468
Retained earnings		10,642,588			12,353,970
Accumulated other comprehensive income		243,883			262,380
		12,543,972			14,263,170
Treasury stock, at cost; 561,529 common shares held on January 31, 2025 and October 31, 2024		(547,843	)		(547,843	)
Total stockholders' equity		11,996,129			13,715,327
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	16,077,494		$	16,292,230

*	Unaudited.
**	Condensed from audited financial statements.

See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

-3-

PHARMA-BIO SERV, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended January 31,
	2025			2024
REVENUES	$	2,471,333		$	2,380,187
COST OF SERVICES		1,703,224			1,844,578
GROSS PROFIT		768,109			535,609
SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES		860,300			973,909
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS		(92,191	)		(438,300	)
OTHER INCOME, NET		101,842			180,529
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAX		9,651			(257,771	)
INCOME TAX EXPENSE		1,115			12,948
NET INCOME (LOSS)	$	8,536		$	(270,719	)
BASIC AND DILUTED EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE	$	0.000		$	(0.012	)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING – BASIC		22,958,143			22,962,460
WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING - DILUTED		22,960,752			22,986,370

See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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PHARMA-BIO SERV, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended January 31,
	2025			2024
NET INCOME (LOSS)	$	8,536		$	(270,719	)
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS:
Foreign currency translation:
Net unrealized gain (loss)		(47,363	)		32,957
Intercompany balances foreign exchange settlement, included in net income (loss)		28,866			(18,017	)
TOTAL OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)		(18,497	)		14,940
COMPREHENSIVE LOSS	$	(9,961	)	$	(255,779	)

See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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PHARMA-BIO SERV, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity

(Unaudited)

														Accumulated
FISCAL YEAR 2025									Additional					Other
(THREE MONTHS ENDED	Common Stock				Preferred Stock				Paid-in		Retained			Comprehensive			Treasury
JANUARY31, 2025)	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital		Earnings			Income (Loss)			Stock			Total
BALANCE AT NOVEMBER 1, 2024		23,519,672	$	2,352		-	$	-	$	1,644,468	$	12,353,970		$	262,380		$	(547,843	)	$	13,715,327
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION		-		-		-		-		10,681		-			-			-			10,681
NET INCOME		-		-		-		-		-		8,536			-			-			8,536
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS, NET OF TAX		-		-		-		-		-		-			(18,497	)		-			(18,497	)
CASH DIVIDEND ($0.075 PER COMMON SHARE AT RECORD DATE)		-		-		-		-		-		(1,719,918	)		-			-			(1,719,918	)
BALANCE AT JANUARY 31, 2025		23,519,672	$	2,352		-	$	-	$	1,655,149	$	10,642,588		$	243,883		$	(547,843	)	$	11,996,129

														Accumulated
FISCAL YEAR 2024									Additional					Other
(THREE MONTHS ENDED	Common Stock				Preferred Stock				Paid-in		Retained			Comprehensive		Treasury
JANUARY31, 2024)	Shares		Amount		Shares		Amount		Capital		Earnings			Income (Loss)		Stock			Total
BALANCE AT NOVEMBER 1, 2023		23,512,880	$	2,351		-	$	-	$	1,596,922	$	14,853,826		$	210,266	$	(536,580	)	$	16,126,785
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION		-		-		-		-		14,800		-			-		-			14,800
ISSUANCE OF COMMON STOCK PURSUANT TO THE CASHLESS EXERCISE OF STOCK OPTIONS		6,792		1		-		-		-		(1	)		-		-			-
PURCHASE OF TREASURY STOCK (7,100 SHARES)		-		-		-		-		-		-			-		(7,193	)		(7,193	)
NET LOSS		-		-		-		-		-		(270,719	)		-		-			(270,719	)
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME, NET OF TAX		-		-		-		-		-		-			14,940		-			14,940
CASH DIVIDEND ($0.075 PER COMMON SHARE AT RECORD DATE)		-		-		-		-		-		(1,722,236	)		-		-			(1,722,236	)
BALANCE AT JANUARY 31, 2024		23,519,672	$	2,352		-	$	-	$	1,611,722	$	12,860,870		$	225,206	$	(543,773	)	$	14,156,377

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

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PHARMA-BIO SERV, INC.

Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

(Unaudited)

	Three months ended January 31,
	2025			2024
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss)	$	8,536		$	(270,719	)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Stock-based compensation		10,681			14,800
Depreciation and amortization		9,439			7,286
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use		41,386			38,291
Reinvested interests		(137,759	)		(182,215	)
(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable		(186,365	)		1,561,136
(Increase) decrease in other assets		37,737			(11,528	)
Decrease in liabilities		(213,141	)		(431,106	)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES		(429,486	)		725,945
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING:
Acquisition of property and equipment		-			(820	)
Marketable securities investments, net		988,338			(4,762,579	)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) INVESTING ACTIVITIES		988,338			(4,763,399	)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Repurchase of common stock		-			(7,193	)
CASH USED IN FINANCING ACTIVITIES		-			(7,193	)
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH		(19,085	)		12,143
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS		539,767			(4,032,504	)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - BEGINNING OF PERIOD		6,767,356			10,446,054
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - END OF PERIOD	$	7,307,123		$	6,413,550
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOURES OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION:
Cash paid during the period for:
Income taxes	$	-		$	-
Interest	$	-		$	-
SUPPLEMENTARY SCHEDULES OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Income tax withheld by clients to be used as a credit in the Company’s income tax return	$	-		$	20,497
Cash dividend declared but not paid	$	1,719,918		$	1,722,236
Conversion of cashless exercise of options to common stock	$	-		$	1

See notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

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PHARMA-BIO SERV, INC.

Notes To Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

January 31, 2025

(Unaudited)

NOTE A - ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

ORGANIZATION

Pharma-Bio Serv, Inc. (“Pharma-Bio”) is a Delaware corporation organized on January 14, 2004. Pharma-Bio is the parent company of Pharma-Bio Serv PR, Inc. (“Pharma-PR”), Pharma Serv, Inc. (“Pharma-Serv”), and Scienza Labs, Inc. (currently inactive) (“Scienza Labs”), each a Puerto Rico corporation, Pharma-Bio Serv US, Inc. (“Pharma-US”), a Delaware corporation, Pharma-Bio Serv SL (“Pharma-Spain”), a Spanish limited liability company, and Pharma-Bio Serv Brasil Servicos de Consultoria Ltda. (currently insignificant) (“Pharma-Brazil”), a Brazilian limited liability company. Pharma-Bio, Pharma-PR, Pharma-Serv, Scienza Labs, Pharma-US, Pharma-Spain and Pharma-Brazil are collectively referred to as the “Company.” The Company operates in Puerto Rico, the United States, Spain and Brazil under the name of Pharma-Bio Serv and is engaged in providing technical compliance consulting service.

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The condensed consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of October 31, 2024 is derived from audited consolidated financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods. The results of operations for the three months ended January 31, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of expected results for the full 2025 fiscal year.

The accompanying financial data as of January 31, 2025, and for the three-month period ended January 31, 2025 and 2024 has been prepared by us, without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally contained in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes contained in our audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024.

Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. 

Segments

The Company operates in three reportable business segments: (i) Puerto Rico technical compliance consulting, (ii) United States technical compliance consulting, and (iii) Europe technical compliance consulting. Accordingly, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are presented to show these three reportable segments.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

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Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Accounting standards have established a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Accounting standards have established three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1:	Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
Level 2:	Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets), or model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3:	Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (supported by little or no market activity).

Marketable securities consist of U.S. Treasury securities, which are categorized in Level 1 and have a short-term maturity.

The carrying value of the Company's financial instruments, cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, are considered reasonable estimates of fair value due to their liquidity or short-term nature.

Revenue Recognition

The Company records revenue under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. We evaluate our revenue contracts with customers based on the five-step model under ASC 606: (i) Identify the contract with the customer; (ii) Identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) Determine the transaction price; (iv) Allocate the transaction price to separate performance obligations; and (v) Recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied.

Revenue is primarily derived from: (1) time and material contracts (representing approximately 99% of total revenues), and (2) short-term fixed-fee contracts or "not to exceed" contracts (representing approximately 1% of total revenues).  Time and material contracts are typically based on the number of hours worked at contractually agreed upon rates. These service contracts relate to work which has no alternative use and for which the Company has an enforceable right to payment for the work completed to date. As a result, revenue is recognized over time when or as the Company transfers control of the promised products or services (known as performance obligations) to its customers. Revenue for short term fixed fee contracts or “not to exceed” contracts is recognized similarly, except that certain milestones also have to be reached before revenue is recognized. If the Company determines that a contract will result in a loss, the Company recognizes the estimated loss in the period in which such determination is made.

Cash Equivalents

For purposes of the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, cash equivalents consist of cash and liquid investments, including U.S. Treasury securities, with original maturities of three months or less.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are reported net of an allowance for credit losses. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses to provide for estimated amounts of receivables that will not be collected. This estimation is based on historical collection experience, the age of the receivables, an assessment of the creditworthiness of customers, and current economic conditions. The allowance for credit losses is subject to estimation uncertainty. If actual future uncollectible amounts differ from estimates, future provisions for credit losses may be affected. The allowance is increased by provisions charged to credit loss expense and reduced by charge-offs of uncollectible accounts. As of January 31, 2025 and October 31, 2024, the allowance for credit losses was approximately $5.3 million, and there were no charges to expense or charge-offs of uncollectible accounts during the three months ended on January 31, 2025 and 2024. The existing allowance is mostly related to an account that is being litigated, which was fully allowed in 2021.

Income Taxes

The Company follows an asset and liability approach method of accounting for income taxes. This method measures deferred income taxes by applying enacted statutory rates in effect at the balance sheet date to the differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts on the financial statements. The resulting deferred tax assets or liabilities are adjusted to reflect changes in tax laws as they occur. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will not be realized.

The Company follows guidance from the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) related to Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, which includes a two-step approach to recognizing, de-recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. As of January 31, 2025, the Company had no significant uncertain tax positions that would be reduced as a result of a lapse of the applicable statute of limitations.

-9-

Leases

The Company follows accounting standards issued by the FASB for the accounting and disclosure of leases. Under those standards, assets and liabilities that arise from leases are recognized on the balance sheet, and the leases are categorized at their inception as either operating or finance leases.

Operating lease right-of-use assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments under the lease. Lease recognition occurs at the commencement date, and lease liability amounts are based on the present value of lease payments made during the lease term, based on a discount rate of 8%.

Property and Equipment

Owned property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation of owned assets are provided for, when placed in service, in amounts sufficient to relate the cost of depreciable assets to operations over their estimated service lives, using straight-line basis. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed when incurred. As of January 31, 2025 and October 31, 2024, the accumulated depreciation amounted to $668,868 and $658,249, respectively.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates for impairment its long-lived assets to be held and used, and long-lived assets to be disposed of, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Based on management estimates, no impairment of the long-lived assets was present as of January 31, 2025 and October 31, 2024.

Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense is recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements based on the fair value of the awards granted. Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period, which generally represents the vesting period, and includes an estimate of awards that will be forfeited. The Company calculates the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model at the grant date, while for restricted stock units the fair market value of the units is determined by the Company’s share market value at grant date. Excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation are reflected as cash flows from financing activities rather than cash flows from operating activities. The Company has not recognized such cash flows from financing activities since there has been no tax benefit related to the stock-based compensation.

Earnings (Loss) Per Share of Common Stock

Basic earnings (loss) per share of common stock is calculated by dividing net earnings (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted earnings (loss) per share includes the dilution of common stock equivalents, which include principally shares that may be issued upon the exercise of warrants, stock option and restricted stock unit awards.

The diluted weighted average shares of common stock outstanding were calculated using the treasury stock method for the respective periods.

Foreign Operations

The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is its local currency. The assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rates prevailing during the period. The cumulative translation effect for subsidiaries using a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar is included as a cumulative translation adjustment in stockholders’ equity and as a component of comprehensive income (loss).

The Company’s intercompany accounts are typically denominated in the functional currency of the foreign subsidiary. Gains and losses resulting from the remeasurement of intercompany receivables that the Company considers to be of a long-term investment nature are recorded as a cumulative translation adjustment in stockholders’ equity and as a component of comprehensive income, while gains and losses resulting from the remeasurement of intercompany receivables from those international subsidiaries for which the Company anticipates settlement in the foreseeable future are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations.

Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the filing date of this report. The Company has determined that there are no events occurring in this period that required disclosure or adjustment.

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Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to the January 31, 2024 condensed consolidated financial statements to conform them to the January 31, 2025 condensed consolidated financial statements presentation. Such reclassifications do not affect net income as previously reported.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 Segment Reporting to provide more detail information about a reportable segment's expenses. Effective November 1, 2024, the Company adopted ASU No. 2023-07, and the adoption of this standard did not have a significant impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

Recent accounting pronouncements pending adoption not discussed above or in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2024 are either not applicable or will not have or are not expected to have a material impact on us.

NOTE B – MARKETABLE SECURITIES

Marketable securities consist of U.S. Treasury securities with maturities over three months, which are held until maturity and accordingly, are measured at cost plus accreted interest income.

NOTE C - INCOME TAXES

On December 22, 2017, Public Law 115-97, commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Reform”), was enacted. The Tax Reform imposed a mandatory one-time transition tax (the “Transition Tax”) over foreign subsidiaries undistributed earnings and profits (“E&Ps”) earned prior to a date set by the statute. Based on the Company’s E&Ps, the Transition Tax was determined to be approximately $2.7 million. The Transition Tax liability must be paid over a period of eight years, which started with the Company’s second quarter of fiscal year 2019 and ends second quarter of fiscal 2026. In the past, most of these E&Ps were not repatriated since such E&Ps were considered to be reinvested indefinitely in the foreign location, therefore no U.S. tax liability was incurred unless the E&Ps were repatriated as a dividend. After December 31, 2017, the Tax Reform established a 100% tax exemption on the foreign-source portion of dividends received attributable to E&Ps, with certain limitations. However, foreign subsidiaries earnings are subject to U.S. tax at a reduced rate of 10.5%.

In June 2011, Pharma-Bio, Pharma-PR and Pharma-Serv obtained a Grant of Industrial Tax Exemption pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in Act No. 73 of May 28, 2008 (“the Grant”) issued by the Puerto Rico Industrial Development Company (“PRIDCO”). The Grant was effective as of November 1, 2009, and covered a fifteen-year period which expired on October 31, 2024. Under the provisions of Puerto Rico Acts 60-2019 and 73-2008, the Company requested that PRIDCO extend the Grant for an additional term of fifteen years. As of the date of this filing, we have not received a status update from PRIDCO for this request, accordingly, since the Company does not anticipate problems with the Grant approval, the condensed consolidated financial statements tax provision was made under the assumption that the Grant will be awarded under similar terms to the original Grant, effective November 1, 2024. The Grant, if awarded, will continue to provide relief on various Puerto Rico taxes, including income tax, with certain limitations, for most of the activities conducted within Puerto Rico, including those that are for services to parties located outside of Puerto Rico. Industrial Development Income (“IDI”) covered under the Grant will be subject to a fixed income tax rate of 4%. In addition, IDI earnings distributions accumulated since November 1, 2009 will continue to be exempt from Puerto Rico earnings distribution tax.

Puerto Rico operations not covered in the exempt activities of the Grant are subject to Puerto Rico income tax at a maximum tax rate of 37.5% as provided by the 1994 Puerto Rico Internal Revenue Code, as amended. The operations conducted in the United States by the Company’s subsidiaries, is taxed in the United States at a maximum regular federal income tax rate of 21%. The Spanish subsidiary operations in Spain are taxed at a regular income tax rate of 25%.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed for differences between the condensed consolidated financial statements and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future, based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Realization of future tax benefits related to a deferred tax asset is dependent on many factors. Accordingly, the income tax benefit will be recognized when realization is determined to be more probable than not.

The Company files income tax returns in the United States (federal and various states jurisdictions), Puerto Rico, Spain and Brazil. The 2020 (2019 for Puerto Rico) through 2024 tax years are open and may be subject to potential examination in one or more jurisdictions. Currently, the Company is not subject to a federal, state, Puerto Rico or foreign income tax examination.

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NOTE D – EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE

The following data shows the amounts used in the calculations of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share.

	Three months ended January 31,
	2025		2024
Net income (loss) available to common equity holders - used to compute basic and diluted earnings per share	$	8,536	$	(270,719	)
Weighted average number of common shares - used to compute basic earnings (loss) per share		22,958,143		22,962,460
Effect of options to purchase common stock		2,609		23,910
Weighted average number of shares - used to compute diluted earnings (loss) per share		22,960,752		22,986,370

Options for the purchase of 373,350 and 213,350 shares of common stock for the three-month periods ended on January 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, were not included in computing diluted earnings (loss) per share because their effects were antidilutive.

NOTE E – EQUITY TRANSACTIONS

On June 13, 2014, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized the Company to repurchase up to two million shares of its outstanding common stock under the Company Stock Repurchase Program (the “Repurchase Program”). The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchases under the Repurchase Program will be at the discretion of the Company, subject to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and related rules. The Repurchase Program does not oblige the Company to repurchase any shares, and it may be modified, suspended or terminated at any time and for any reason. No shares will be repurchased under the Repurchase Program directly from directors or officers of the Company. As of January 31, 2025 and October 31, 2024, a total of 498,557 shares of the Company’s common stock has been purchased under the Repurchase Program for an aggregate amount of $484,871.

On January 28, 2025, the Board of Directors of the Company declared a cash dividend of $0.075 per common share for shareholders of record as of the close of business on February 28, 2025. Accordingly, an aggregate estimated dividend payment of $1,719,918 will be paid on or about March 20, 2025.

NOTE F - CONCENTRATIONS OF RISK

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

The Company’s domestic cash and cash equivalents, and marketable securities consist of cash deposits in FDIC insured banks (substantially covered by FDIC insurance by the spread of deposits in multiple FDIC insured banks), and U.S. Treasury securities with maturities of twelve months or less. The U.S. Treasury securities are held in the custody of major financial institutions and their value is not subject to insurance.  In the foreign markets we serve, we also maintain cash deposits in foreign banks, which have no specific insurance. Normally, these uninsured bank deposits are not significant, and they are in deposit with major multinational banks. No significant losses have been experienced nor are expected on these bank accounts or investments.

Accounts receivable and revenues

The Company's revenues, and the related receivables, are concentrated in the pharmaceutical industry in Puerto Rico, the United States of America and Europe. Although a few customers represent a significant source of revenue, the Company’s functions are not a continuous process, accordingly, the client base for which the services are typically rendered, on a project-by-project basis, changes regularly.

The Company provided a substantial portion of its services to three customers, which accounted for 10% or more of its revenues in either of the three-month periods ended January 31, 2025 and 2024. During the three months ended January 31, 2025, revenues from these customers were 22.2%, 15.7% and 11.8%, or a total of 49.7%, as compared to the percentages for the same period last year of 0.0%, 15.6% and 18.5%, or a total of 34.1%, respectively. For the three months ended January 31, 2025 and 2024, these customers represented for the Puerto Rico, United States and Europe consulting reportable segments 11.8%, 15.7% and 22.2%, as compared to 18.5%, 15.6% and 0.0%, respectively. On January 31, 2025, amounts due from these customers represented 48.5% of the Company’s total accounts receivable balance.

-12-

The information related to major customers in the above paragraph is based on revenues earned from said customers at the segment level because in management’s opinion contracts by segments are independent of each other, and therefore such information is more meaningful to the reader. However, at the global level three customers accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s revenues in either of the three-month periods ended January 31, 2025 and 2024. During the three months ended January 31, 2025, aggregate revenues from these global groups of affiliated companies were 22.2%, 17.4% and 11.8%, or a total of 51.4%, as compared to the same period last year for 0.0%, 18.5% and 18.5%, or a total of 37.0%, respectively. For the three months ended January 31, 2025 and 2024, these customers represented for the Puerto Rico, United States and Europe consulting reportable segments 13.5%, 15.7% and 22.2%, as compared to 21.4%, 15.6% and 0.0%, respectively. On January 31, 2025, amounts due from these global groups of affiliated companies represented 52.4% of total accounts receivable balance.

NOTE G - SEGMENT DISCLOSURES

The Company’s segments are based on the organizational structure for which financial results are regularly evaluated by the Company’s chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”) to determine resource allocation and assess performance. Each reportable segment is managed by its own management team and reports to executive management. The Company has three reportable segments: (i) Puerto Rico consulting, (ii) United States consulting, and (iii) Europe consulting. The reportable segments provide services primarily to the pharmaceutical, chemical, medical device and biotechnology industries in their respective markets. The services vary between customers and projects based on the nature of the project and the technical skills necessary to accomplish the project tasks. Therefore, the allocation of consultancy resources is mostly based on the segment’s ability to provide the best consultant in the most profitable cost-effective manner. Accordingly, the CODM evaluates segment performance based on the segment’s (i) revenue volume, (ii) gross profit ratio to revenue, and (iii) income (loss) from operations.

The following table presents information about the reported revenue from services and income (loss) from operations of the Company for the three-month periods ended January 31, 2025 and 2024. There is no intersegment revenue for the mentioned periods. Corporate expenses that support the operating units have been allocated to the segments. Asset information by reportable segment is not presented, since the Company does not produce such information internally, nor does it use such data to manage its business.

	Three months ended January 31,
	2025					2024
REVENUES:
Puerto Rico consulting	$	1,103,269				$	1,390,609
United States consulting		646,133					882,890
Europe consulting		721,258					64,805
Other		673					41,883
Total consolidated revenue	$	2,471,333				$	2,380,187
GROSS PROFIT¹:
Puerto Rico consulting	$	197,554		17.9	%	$	198,452		14.3	%
United States consulting		222,325		34.4	%		303,162		34.3	%
Europe consulting		347,557		48.2	%		18,454		28.5	%
Other		673		100.0	%		15,541		37.1	%
Total consolidated gross profit	$	768,109		31.1	%	$	535,609		22.5	%
INCOME (LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS:
Puerto Rico consulting	$	(44,769	)			$	(212,550	)
United States consulting		(100,062	)				(134,528	)
Europe consulting		66,381					(94,426	)
Other		(13,741	)				3,204
Total consolidated income (loss) from operations		(92,191	)				(438,300	)
OTHER INCOME, NET		101,842					180,529
Total consolidated income (loss) before income tax	$	9,651				$	(257,771	)

¹ Gross profit represents revenues less cost of service, which the latter is mostly composed of personnel cost. Percentages represent the segment(s) gross profit to its related revenue segment(s).

² Income (loss) from operations represents gross profit reduced by selling, general and administrative expenses.

Long lived assets (property and equipment) as of January 31, 2025 and October 31, 2024, and related depreciation and amortization expense for the three months ended January 31, 2025 and 2024, were concentrated in the corporate offices in Puerto Rico. Accordingly, depreciation expense and acquisition of property and equipment, as presented in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, are mainly related to the corporate offices.

-13-

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS.

The following discussion of our results of operations and financial condition should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and the related notes included under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. In addition, reference should be made to our audited Consolidated Financial Statements and notes thereto, and related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2024. The following discussion includes forward-looking statements. For a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ from results discussed in the forward-looking statements, see “Forward Looking Statements” below and the “Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2024 and this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Overview

We are a compliance and technology transfer services consulting firm with headquarters in Puerto Rico, servicing the Puerto Rico, United States and Europe markets, with limited presence in the Brazil market. The compliance consulting service sector in those markets consists of local compliance and validation consulting firms, United States dedicated validation and compliance consulting firms and large publicly traded and private domestic and foreign engineering and consulting firms. We provide a broad range of compliance-related consulting services. We market our services to pharmaceutical, chemical, biotechnology, medical devices, cosmetics and food industries, and allied products companies. Our consulting team includes experienced engineering and life science professionals, former quality assurance managers and directors, and professionals with bachelors, masters and doctorate degrees in health sciences and engineering.

We actively operate in Puerto Rico, the United States, Europe and, to a lesser extent, Brazil and pursue to further expand these markets by strengthening our business development infrastructure and by constantly realigning our business strategies as new opportunities and challenges arise.

We market our services with an active presence in industry trade shows, professional conventions, industry publications and company-provided seminars to the industry. Our senior management is also actively involved in the marketing process, especially in marketing to major accounts. Our senior management and staff also concentrate on developing new business opportunities and focus on the larger customer accounts (by number of consultants or dollar volume) and responding to prospective customers’ requests for proposals.

We consider our core business to be Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) and international agencies regulatory compliance consulting related services.

The Company holds a tax grant issued by PRIDCO, which provides relief on various Puerto Rico taxes, including income tax, with certain limitations, for most of the activities conducted within Puerto Rico, including those that are for services to parties located outside of Puerto Rico. The grant was effective as of November 1, 2009, and covered a fifteen-year period, which ended on October 31, 2024. Under the provisions of Puerto Rico Acts 60-2019 and 73-2008, we have requested PRIDCO renegotiation of the tax grant for an additional term of fifteen years.  As of the date of this filing, we have not received a status update from PRIDCO for this request, accordingly, although we do not anticipate problems with the Grant approval, we cannot provide assurance on the outcome for our renegotiation application. For additional information relating to the tax grant issued by PRIDCO, please see Note C – Income Taxes of the condensed consolidated financial statements.

The following table sets forth information as to our revenue for the three-month periods ended January 31, 2025 and 2024, by geographic regions (dollars in thousands).

	Three months ended January 31,
Revenues by Region:	2025				2024
Puerto Rico	$	1,103	44.6	%	$	1,390	58.4	%
United States		646	26.2	%		883	37.1	%
Europe		721	29.2	%		65	2.7	%
Other		1	0.0	%		42	1.8	%
	$	2,471	100.0	%	$	2,380	100.0	%

-14-

For the three-month period ended January 31, 2025, the Company’s total revenues were approximately $2.5 million, a net increase of approximately $0.1 million when compared to the same period last year. The European market sustained an increase in project revenue of approximately $0.6 million, while the Puerto Rico and US consulting markets had a decline in projects revenue of approximately $0.3 and $0.2 million, respectively. As depicted below, when compared to the same period last year, gross profit increased by 8.6 percentage points. The net increase in gross profit percentage points is mainly attributable to a high margin yielding project within the European market.

Regional or global conflicts, including war or economic sanctions between nations, price inflation, pandemics, the Tax Reform, possible tax changes on jurisdictions where we do business, bio-pharmaceutical industry consolidations and the trends on managing contract resources, all pose current and future challenges which may adversely affect our future performance. We believe that our future profitability and liquidity will be dependent on the effect the local and global economy, including any impacts of regional or global conflicts, price inflation, pandemics, changes in tax laws, worldwide life science manufacturing industry consolidations, operational constraints imposed by our customers due to pandemics and resources management trends, will have on our operations, and our ability to seek service opportunities and adapt to industry trends.

Results of Operations

The following table sets forth our statements of operations for the three-month periods ended January 31, 2025 and 2024 (dollars in thousands, and as a percentage of revenues):

	Three months ended January 31,
	2025				2024
Revenues	$	2,471	100.0	%	$	2,380		100.0	%
Cost of services		1,703	68.9	%		1,845		77.5	%
Gross profit		768	31.1	%		535		22.5	%
Selling, general and administrative expenses		860	34.8	%		974		40.9	%
Other income, net		102	4.1	%		181		7.6	%
Income (loss) before income taxes		10	0.4	%		(258	)	-10.8	%
Income tax expense		1	0.0	%		13		0.5	%
Net income (loss)		9	0.4	%		(271	)	-11.3	%

Revenues

. For the three-month period ended January 31, 2025, the Company’s total revenues were approximately $2.5 million, a net increase of approximately $0.1 million when compared to the same period last year. The European market sustained an increase in project revenue of approximately $0.6 million, while the Puerto Rico and US consulting markets had a decline in projects revenue of approximately $0.3 million and $0.2 million, respectively.

Cost of Services; Gross Profit. For the three-month period ended January 31, 2025, cost of services was approximately $1.7 million, a decrease of approximately $0.1 million, when compared to the same period last year. Gross profit increased by 8.6 percentage points during the period. The net increase in gross profit percentage points is mainly attributable to a high margin yielding project within the European market.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses. For the three-month period ended January 31, 2025, selling, general and administrative expenses were approximately $0.9 million, a decrease of approximately $0.1 million when compared to the same period last year. The decrease is mostly attributable to planned savings in general and administrative expenses.

Other Income, Net. Other income, net for the three months ended January 31, 2025 was approximately $102,000 compared to approximately $181,000 in the same period last year. Other income, net, represents (i) interest income, and (ii) the settlement of foreign exchange rates on intercompany balances expense of approximately $29,000 for the three-month period ended January 31, 2025 and a gain of approximately $18,000 for three-month period ended January 31, 2024.

Net Income (Loss). Net income for the three months ended January 31, 2025 was approximately breakeven, representing an earnings increase of approximately $0.3 million when compared to the same period last year.

For the three-month period ended January 31, 2025, net earnings per common share for both basic and diluted was negligible, an increase of $0.012 per share when compared to the same period last year.

-15-

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity is a measure of our ability to meet potential cash requirements, including planned capital expenditures. As of January 31, 2025, the Company had approximately $12.1 million in working capital.

On June 13, 2014, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized the Company to repurchase up to two million shares of its common stock (the "Repurchase Program"). The Repurchase Program does not have an expiration date. During the three-month period ended January 31, 2025, the Company made no purchases of its shares of common stock under the Repurchase Program. As of January 31, 2025, the Company has 1,501,443 shares of common stock available for future repurchases under the Repurchase Program.

Our primary cash needs consist of the payment of compensation to our consulting team, overhead expenses, and statutory taxes. Additionally, we may use cash for the repurchase of our common stock under the Repurchase Program, capital expenditures and business development expenses. Management believes that based on the current level of working capital, operations and cash flows from operations, and the collectability of high-quality customer receivables are sufficient to fund anticipated expenses and satisfy other possible long-term contractual commitments for and beyond the next twelve months.

While uncertainties relating to the current local and global economic conditions, competition, the industries and geographical regions served by us and other regulatory matters exist within the consulting services industry, as described in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, management is not aware of any other trends or events likely to have a material adverse effect on liquidity or its financial statements.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We were not involved in any significant off-balance sheet arrangement during the three months ended January 31, 2025.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

There were no material changes during the three months ended January 31, 2025 to the critical accounting policies reported in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024.

New Accounting Pronouncements

There were no new accounting standards issued since our filing of the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024, which could have a significant effect on our condensed consolidated financial statements.

Forward-Looking Statements

Our business, financial condition, results of operations, cash flows and prospects, and the prevailing market price and performance of our common stock, may be adversely affected by a number of factors, including the factors set forth in the “Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2024 and this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Certain statements and information set forth in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as well as other written or oral statements made from time to time by us or by our authorized executive officers on our behalf, constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Federal Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements include all statements other than those made solely with respect to historical fact and identified by words such as “believes,” “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends” and similar expressions, but such words are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. We intend for our forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, and we set forth this statement and these risk factors in order to comply with such safe harbor provisions. You should note that our forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q or when made and we undertake no duty or obligation to update or revise our forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by law. Although we believe that the expectations, plans, intentions and projections reflected in our forward-looking statements are reasonable, such statements are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. The risks, uncertainties and other factors that our stockholders and prospective investors should consider include, but are not limited to, those set forth in the “Risk Factors” section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2024 and this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

-16-

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

We carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Based on an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, there has been no change in our internal control over financial reporting during our last fiscal quarter identified in connection with that evaluation that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

-17-

PART II– OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

From time to time, we may be a party to legal proceedings incidental to our business. Currently, there are no proceedings threatened or pending against us, which, if determined adversely to us, would have a material effect on our financial position or results of operations and cash flows. However, the Company is a complainant in one legal proceeding as described below.

On March 15, 2023, the Company’s subsidiaries Pharma-Bio Serv PR, Inc., Pharma Serv, Inc. and Scienza Labs, Inc., filed a breach of contract and money collection complaint against Romark Global Pharma, LLC, Romark Properties, LLC, Romark Biosciences, LLC and Romark Holdings, LLC (collectively, “Romark”), before the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico Court of First Instance, San Juan Superior Section. On November 13, 2023, a judgment was entered by the Court ordering Romark to pay jointly to the Company’s subsidiaries $6,717,431.69, which includes the principal amount of $5,246,782, plus interest up to the date of the judgment. The Company’s subsidiaries are pursuing assets and monies from Romark to collect the judgment. To this date, however, we have been unable to identify assets of Romark against which to collect. Aside from legal fees and the costs of identifying assets, and costs of collection efforts, no further losses are expected. The Company’s subsidiaries will continue the collection efforts with Romark. However, we cannot guarantee a successful outcome in collecting the funds owed to the Company’s subsidiaries.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS.

There have been no material changes to the risk factors included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2024.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS.

None.

-18-

ITEM 6.  EXHIBITS

(a) Exhibits:

31.1	Certification of chief executive officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2	Certification of chief financial officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1*	Certification of the chief executive officer and chief financial officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS	XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
104	Cover page Interactive Data File (formatted as inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101)

———————

* Furnished herewith.

-19-

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

	PHARMA-BIO SERV, INC.
	/s/ Victor Sanchez
	Victor Sanchez
	Chief Executive Officer and President Europe Operations
	(Principal Executive Officer)
	/s/ Pedro J. Lasanta
	Pedro J. Lasanta
	Chief Financial Officer, Vice President Finance and Administration, and Secretary
	(Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
Dated: March 17, 2025

-20-

EX-31.1

EXHIBIT 31.1

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICER

PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Victor Sanchez, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Pharma-Bio Serv, Inc.;
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

 

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

 

Date:  March 17, 2025

/s/ Victor Sanchez

Victor Sanchez  

Chief Executive Officer

(principal executive officer)

EX-31.2

EXHIBIT 31.2

CERTIFICATION OF PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL OFFICER

PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Pedro J. Lasanta, certify that:

1.	I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Pharma-Bio Serv, Inc.;
2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

a)	All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b)	Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: March 17, 2025

/s/ Pedro J. Lasanta

Pedro J. Lasanta

Chief Financial Officer

(principal financial and accounting officer)

EX-32.1

EXHIBIT 32.1

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350, AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Quarterly Report of Pharma-Bio Serv, Inc. (the "Company") on Form 10-Q for the period ended January 31, 2025 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the "Report"), Victor Sanchez, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Pedro J. Lasanta, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, each certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:

1.	The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
2.	The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

Dated: March 17, 2025

/s/ Victor Sanchez	/s/ Pedro J. Lasanta
Victor Sanchez	Pedro J. Lasanta
Chief Executive Officer (principal executive officer)	Chief Financial Officer (principal financial and accounting officer)

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Cover - shares	3 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2025	Mar. 12, 2025
Cover [Abstract]
Entity Registrant Name	PHARMA-BIO SERV, INC.
Entity Central Index Key	0001304161
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Amendment Flag	false
Current Fiscal Year End Date	--10-31
Entity Small Business	true
Entity Shell Company	false
Entity Emerging Growth Company	false
Entity Current Reporting Status	Yes
Document Period End Date	Jan. 31, 2025
Entity Filer Category	Non-accelerated Filer
Document Fiscal Period Focus	Q1
Document Fiscal Year Focus	2025
Entity Common Stock Shares Outstanding		22,930,842
Document Quarterly Report	true
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Entity File Number	000-50956
Entity Incorporation State Country Code	DE
Entity Tax Identification Number	20-0653570
Entity Address Address Line 1	Pharma-Bio Serv Building
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Entity Address Country	PR
Entity Address Postal Zip Code	00646
City Area Code	787
Local Phone Number	278-2709
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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) - USD ($)	Jan. 31, 2025	Oct. 31, 2024
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$ 7,307,123	$ 6,767,356
Marketable securities	5,127,525	5,978,104
Accounts receivable	2,681,752	2,510,909
Prepaids and other assets	418,483	442,384
Total current assets	15,534,883	15,698,753
Property and equipment	159,842	169,281
Operating lease right-of-use	157,211	198,597
Other assets	225,558	225,599
Total assets	16,077,494	16,292,230
Current liabilities
Current operating lease liabilities	153,994	165,201
Accounts payable and accrued expenses	951,537	1,127,649
Dividend payable to shareholders	1,719,918	0
Current portion of US Tax Reform Transition Tax and income taxes payable	595,013	594,316
Total current liabilities	3,420,462	1,887,166
US Tax Reform Transition Tax payable	660,903	660,903
Long term operating lease liabilities	0	28,834
Total liabilities	4,081,365	2,576,903
Stockholders' equity
Preferred Stock, $0.0001 par value; authorized 10,000,000 shares; none outstanding	0	0
Common Stock, $0.0001 par value; authorized 50,000,000 shares; 23,519,672 shares issued, and 22,958,143 shares outstanding on January 31, 2025 and October 31, 2024	2,352	2,352
Additional paid-in capital	1,655,149	1,644,468
Retained earnings	10,642,588	12,353,970
Accumulated other comprehensive income	243,883	262,380
Stockholders' Equity before Treasury Stock	12,543,972	14,263,170
Treasury stock, at cost; 561,529 common shares held on January 31, 2025 and October 31, 2024	(547,843)	(547,843)
Total stockholders' equity	11,996,129	13,715,327
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$ 16,077,494	$ 16,292,230

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Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Parenthetical) - $ / shares	Jan. 31, 2025	Oct. 31, 2024
Stockholders' equity
Preferred stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Preferred stock, authorized	10,000,000	10,000,000
Preferred stock, issued	0	0
Preferred stock, outstanding	0	0
Common stock, par value	$ 0.0001	$ 0.0001
Common stock, authorized	50,000,000	50,000,000
Common stock, issued	23,519,672	23,519,672
Common stock, outstanding	22,958,143	22,958,143
Treasury stock, shares	561,529	561,529

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2025	Jan. 31, 2024
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited)
REVENUES	$ 2,471,333	$ 2,380,187
COST OF SERVICES	1,703,224	1,844,578
GROSS PROFIT	768,109	535,609
SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES	860,300	973,909
LOSS FROM OPERATIONS	(92,191)	(438,300)
OTHER INCOME, NET	101,842	180,529
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAX	9,651	(257,771)
INCOME TAX EXPENSE	1,115	12,948
NET INCOME (LOSS)	$ 8,536	$ (270,719)
BASIC AND DILUTED EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE	$ 0.000	$ (0.012)
WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING - BASIC	22,958,143	22,962,460
WEIGHTED AVERAGE NUMBER OF COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING - DILUTED	22,960,752	22,986,370

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2025	Jan. 31, 2024
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss (Unaudited)
NET INCOME (LOSS)	$ 8,536	$ (270,719)
Foreign currency translation:
Net unrealized gain (loss)	(47,363)	32,957
Intercompany balances foreign exchange settlement, included in net income (loss)	28,866	(18,017)
TOTAL OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)	(18,497)	14,940
COMPREHENSIVE LOSS	$ (9,961)	$ (255,779)

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - USD ($)	Total	Preferred Stock	Additional Paid-In Capital	Retained Earnings	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)	Treasury Stock	Common Stock
Balance, shares at Oct. 31, 2023							23,512,880
Balance, amount at Oct. 31, 2023	$ 16,126,785	$ 0	$ 1,596,922	$ 14,853,826	$ 210,266	$ (536,580)	$ 2,351
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION	14,800	0	14,800	0	0	0	$ 0
ISSUANCE OF COMMON STOCK PURSUANT TO THE CASHLESS EXERCISE OF STOCK OPTIONS, shares							6,792
ISSUANCE OF COMMON STOCK PURSUANT TO THE CASHLESS EXERCISE OF STOCK OPTIONS, amount	0	0	0	(1)	0	0	$ 1
PURCHASE OF TREASURY STOCK (7,100 SHARES)	(7,193)	0	0	0	0	(7,193)	0
NET LOSS	(270,719)	0	0	(270,719)	0	0	0
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME, NET OF TAX	14,940	0	0	0	14,940	0	0
CASH DIVIDEND ($0.075 PER COMMON SHARE AT RECORD DATE)	(1,722,236)	0	0	(1,722,236)	0	0	$ 0
Balance, shares at Jan. 31, 2024							23,519,672
Balance, amount at Jan. 31, 2024	14,156,377	0	1,611,722	12,860,870	225,206	(543,773)	$ 2,352
Balance, shares at Oct. 31, 2024							23,519,672
Balance, amount at Oct. 31, 2024	13,715,327	0	1,644,468	12,353,970	262,380	(547,843)	$ 2,352
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION	10,681	0	10,681	0	0	0	0
NET LOSS	8,536	0	0	8,536	0	0	0
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME, NET OF TAX	(18,497)	0	0	0	(18,497)	0	0
CASH DIVIDEND ($0.075 PER COMMON SHARE AT RECORD DATE)	(1,719,918)	0	0	(1,719,918)	0	0	$ 0
Balance, shares at Jan. 31, 2025							23,519,672
Balance, amount at Jan. 31, 2025	$ 11,996,129	$ 0	$ 1,655,149	$ 10,642,588	$ 243,883	$ (547,843)	$ 2,352

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Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2025	Jan. 31, 2024
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net income (loss)	$ 8,536	$ (270,719)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Stock-based compensation	10,681	14,800
Depreciation and amortization	9,439	7,286
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use	41,386	38,291
Reinvested interests	(137,759)	(182,215)
(Increase) decrease in accounts receivable	(186,365)	1,561,136
(Increase) decrease in other assets	37,737	(11,528)
Decrease in liabilities	(213,141)	(431,106)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) OPERATING ACTIVITIES	(429,486)	725,945
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING:
Acquisition of property and equipment	0	(820)
Marketable securities investments, net	988,338	(4,762,579)
NET CASH PROVIDED BY (USED IN) INVESTING ACTIVITIES	988,338	(4,763,399)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Repurchase of common stock	0	(7,193)
CASH USED IN FINANCING ACTIVITIES	0	(7,193)
EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATE CHANGES ON CASH	(19,085)	12,143
NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS	539,767	(4,032,504)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - BEGINNING OF PERIOD	6,767,356	10,446,054
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - END OF PERIOD	7,307,123	6,413,550
Cash paid during the period for:
Income taxes	0	0
Interest	0	0
SUPPLEMENTARY SCHEDULES OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Income tax withheld by clients to be used as a credit in the Company's income tax return	0	20,497
Cash dividend declared but not paid	1,719,918	1,722,236
Conversion of cashless exercise of options to common stock	$ 0	$ 1

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ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

3 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2025

ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

NOTE A - ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

ORGANIZATION

Pharma-Bio Serv, Inc. (“Pharma-Bio”) is a Delaware corporation organized on January 14, 2004. Pharma-Bio is the parent company of Pharma-Bio Serv PR, Inc. (“Pharma-PR”), Pharma Serv, Inc. (“Pharma-Serv”), and Scienza Labs, Inc. (currently inactive) (“Scienza Labs”), each a Puerto Rico corporation, Pharma-Bio Serv US, Inc. (“Pharma-US”), a Delaware corporation, Pharma-Bio Serv SL (“Pharma-Spain”), a Spanish limited liability company, and Pharma-Bio Serv Brasil Servicos de Consultoria Ltda. (currently insignificant) (“Pharma-Brazil”), a Brazilian limited liability company. Pharma-Bio, Pharma-PR, Pharma-Serv, Scienza Labs, Pharma-US, Pharma-Spain and Pharma-Brazil are collectively referred to as the “Company.” The Company operates in Puerto Rico, the United States, Spain and Brazil under the name of Pharma-Bio Serv and is engaged in providing technical compliance consulting service.

SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The condensed consolidated balance sheet of the Company as of October 31, 2024 is derived from audited consolidated financial statements but does not include all disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles. The unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements include all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments, which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods. The results of operations for the three months ended January 31, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of expected results for the full 2025 fiscal year.

The accompanying financial data as of January 31, 2025, and for the three-month period ended January 31, 2025 and 2024 has been prepared by us, without audit, pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). Certain information and footnote disclosures normally contained in financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles have been condensed or omitted. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and notes contained in our audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2024.

Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. 

Segments

The Company operates in three reportable business segments: (i) Puerto Rico technical compliance consulting, (ii) United States technical compliance consulting, and (iii) Europe technical compliance consulting. Accordingly, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are presented to show these three reportable segments.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Accounting standards have established a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Accounting standards have established three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1:	Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
Level 2:	Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets), or model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3:	Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (supported by little or no market activity).

Marketable securities consist of U.S. Treasury securities, which are categorized in Level 1 and have a short-term maturity.

The carrying value of the Company's financial instruments, cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, are considered reasonable estimates of fair value due to their liquidity or short-term nature.

Revenue Recognition

The Company records revenue under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. We evaluate our revenue contracts with customers based on the five-step model under ASC 606: (i) Identify the contract with the customer; (ii) Identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) Determine the transaction price; (iv) Allocate the transaction price to separate performance obligations; and (v) Recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied.

Revenue is primarily derived from: (1) time and material contracts (representing approximately 99% of total revenues), and (2) short-term fixed-fee contracts or "not to exceed" contracts (representing approximately 1% of total revenues).  Time and material contracts are typically based on the number of hours worked at contractually agreed upon rates. These service contracts relate to work which has no alternative use and for which the Company has an enforceable right to payment for the work completed to date. As a result, revenue is recognized over time when or as the Company transfers control of the promised products or services (known as performance obligations) to its customers. Revenue for short term fixed fee contracts or “not to exceed” contracts is recognized similarly, except that certain milestones also have to be reached before revenue is recognized. If the Company determines that a contract will result in a loss, the Company recognizes the estimated loss in the period in which such determination is made.

Cash Equivalents

For purposes of the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, cash equivalents consist of cash and liquid investments, including U.S. Treasury securities, with original maturities of three months or less.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are reported net of an allowance for credit losses. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses to provide for estimated amounts of receivables that will not be collected. This estimation is based on historical collection experience, the age of the receivables, an assessment of the creditworthiness of customers, and current economic conditions. The allowance for credit losses is subject to estimation uncertainty. If actual future uncollectible amounts differ from estimates, future provisions for credit losses may be affected. The allowance is increased by provisions charged to credit loss expense and reduced by charge-offs of uncollectible accounts. As of January 31, 2025 and October 31, 2024, the allowance for credit losses was approximately $5.3 million, and there were no charges to expense or charge-offs of uncollectible accounts during the three months ended on January 31, 2025 and 2024. The existing allowance is mostly related to an account that is being litigated, which was fully allowed in 2021.

Income Taxes

The Company follows an asset and liability approach method of accounting for income taxes. This method measures deferred income taxes by applying enacted statutory rates in effect at the balance sheet date to the differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts on the financial statements. The resulting deferred tax assets or liabilities are adjusted to reflect changes in tax laws as they occur. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will not be realized.

The Company follows guidance from the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) related to Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, which includes a two-step approach to recognizing, de-recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. As of January 31, 2025, the Company had no significant uncertain tax positions that would be reduced as a result of a lapse of the applicable statute of limitations.

Leases

The Company follows accounting standards issued by the FASB for the accounting and disclosure of leases. Under those standards, assets and liabilities that arise from leases are recognized on the balance sheet, and the leases are categorized at their inception as either operating or finance leases.

Operating lease right-of-use assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments under the lease. Lease recognition occurs at the commencement date, and lease liability amounts are based on the present value of lease payments made during the lease term, based on a discount rate of 8%.

Property and Equipment

Owned property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation of owned assets are provided for, when placed in service, in amounts sufficient to relate the cost of depreciable assets to operations over their estimated service lives, using straight-line basis. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed when incurred. As of January 31, 2025 and October 31, 2024, the accumulated depreciation amounted to $668,868 and $658,249, respectively.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates for impairment its long-lived assets to be held and used, and long-lived assets to be disposed of, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Based on management estimates, no impairment of the long-lived assets was present as of January 31, 2025 and October 31, 2024.

Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense is recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements based on the fair value of the awards granted. Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period, which generally represents the vesting period, and includes an estimate of awards that will be forfeited. The Company calculates the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model at the grant date, while for restricted stock units the fair market value of the units is determined by the Company’s share market value at grant date. Excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation are reflected as cash flows from financing activities rather than cash flows from operating activities. The Company has not recognized such cash flows from financing activities since there has been no tax benefit related to the stock-based compensation.

Earnings (Loss) Per Share of Common Stock

Basic earnings (loss) per share of common stock is calculated by dividing net earnings (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted earnings (loss) per share includes the dilution of common stock equivalents, which include principally shares that may be issued upon the exercise of warrants, stock option and restricted stock unit awards.

The diluted weighted average shares of common stock outstanding were calculated using the treasury stock method for the respective periods.

Foreign Operations

The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is its local currency. The assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rates prevailing during the period. The cumulative translation effect for subsidiaries using a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar is included as a cumulative translation adjustment in stockholders’ equity and as a component of comprehensive income (loss).

The Company’s intercompany accounts are typically denominated in the functional currency of the foreign subsidiary. Gains and losses resulting from the remeasurement of intercompany receivables that the Company considers to be of a long-term investment nature are recorded as a cumulative translation adjustment in stockholders’ equity and as a component of comprehensive income, while gains and losses resulting from the remeasurement of intercompany receivables from those international subsidiaries for which the Company anticipates settlement in the foreseeable future are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations.

Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the filing date of this report. The Company has determined that there are no events occurring in this period that required disclosure or adjustment.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to the January 31, 2024 condensed consolidated financial statements to conform them to the January 31, 2025 condensed consolidated financial statements presentation. Such reclassifications do not affect net income as previously reported.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 Segment Reporting to provide more detail information about a reportable segment's expenses. Effective November 1, 2024, the Company adopted ASU No. 2023-07, and the adoption of this standard did not have a significant impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

Recent accounting pronouncements pending adoption not discussed above or in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2024 are either not applicable or will not have or are not expected to have a material impact on us.

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MARKETABLE SECURITIES

3 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2025

MARKETABLE SECURITIES

MARKETABLE SECURITIES

NOTE B – MARKETABLE SECURITIES

Marketable securities consist of U.S. Treasury securities with maturities over three months, which are held until maturity and accordingly, are measured at cost plus accreted interest income.

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INCOME TAXES

3 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2025

INCOME TAXES

INCOME TAXES

NOTE C - INCOME TAXES

On December 22, 2017, Public Law 115-97, commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Reform”), was enacted. The Tax Reform imposed a mandatory one-time transition tax (the “Transition Tax”) over foreign subsidiaries undistributed earnings and profits (“E&Ps”) earned prior to a date set by the statute. Based on the Company’s E&Ps, the Transition Tax was determined to be approximately $2.7 million. The Transition Tax liability must be paid over a period of eight years, which started with the Company’s second quarter of fiscal year 2019 and ends second quarter of fiscal 2026. In the past, most of these E&Ps were not repatriated since such E&Ps were considered to be reinvested indefinitely in the foreign location, therefore no U.S. tax liability was incurred unless the E&Ps were repatriated as a dividend. After December 31, 2017, the Tax Reform established a 100% tax exemption on the foreign-source portion of dividends received attributable to E&Ps, with certain limitations. However, foreign subsidiaries earnings are subject to U.S. tax at a reduced rate of 10.5%.

In June 2011, Pharma-Bio, Pharma-PR and Pharma-Serv obtained a Grant of Industrial Tax Exemption pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in Act No. 73 of May 28, 2008 (“the Grant”) issued by the Puerto Rico Industrial Development Company (“PRIDCO”). The Grant was effective as of November 1, 2009, and covered a fifteen-year period which expired on October 31, 2024. Under the provisions of Puerto Rico Acts 60-2019 and 73-2008, the Company requested that PRIDCO extend the Grant for an additional term of fifteen years. As of the date of this filing, we have not received a status update from PRIDCO for this request, accordingly, since the Company does not anticipate problems with the Grant approval, the condensed consolidated financial statements tax provision was made under the assumption that the Grant will be awarded under similar terms to the original Grant, effective November 1, 2024. The Grant, if awarded, will continue to provide relief on various Puerto Rico taxes, including income tax, with certain limitations, for most of the activities conducted within Puerto Rico, including those that are for services to parties located outside of Puerto Rico. Industrial Development Income (“IDI”) covered under the Grant will be subject to a fixed income tax rate of 4%. In addition, IDI earnings distributions accumulated since November 1, 2009 will continue to be exempt from Puerto Rico earnings distribution tax.

Puerto Rico operations not covered in the exempt activities of the Grant are subject to Puerto Rico income tax at a maximum tax rate of 37.5% as provided by the 1994 Puerto Rico Internal Revenue Code, as amended. The operations conducted in the United States by the Company’s subsidiaries, is taxed in the United States at a maximum regular federal income tax rate of 21%. The Spanish subsidiary operations in Spain are taxed at a regular income tax rate of 25%.

Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed for differences between the condensed consolidated financial statements and tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or deductible amounts in the future, based on enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to affect taxable income. Realization of future tax benefits related to a deferred tax asset is dependent on many factors. Accordingly, the income tax benefit will be recognized when realization is determined to be more probable than not.

The Company files income tax returns in the United States (federal and various states jurisdictions), Puerto Rico, Spain and Brazil. The 2020 (2019 for Puerto Rico) through 2024 tax years are open and may be subject to potential examination in one or more jurisdictions. Currently, the Company is not subject to a federal, state, Puerto Rico or foreign income tax examination.

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EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE

3 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2025

EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE

EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE

NOTE D – EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE

The following data shows the amounts used in the calculations of basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share.

	Three months ended January 31,
	2025		2024
Net income (loss) available to common equity holders - used to compute basic and diluted earnings per share	$	8,536	$	(270,719	)
Weighted average number of common shares - used to compute basic earnings (loss) per share		22,958,143		22,962,460
Effect of options to purchase common stock		2,609		23,910
Weighted average number of shares - used to compute diluted earnings (loss) per share		22,960,752		22,986,370

Options for the purchase of 373,350 and 213,350 shares of common stock for the three-month periods ended on January 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, were not included in computing diluted earnings (loss) per share because their effects were antidilutive.

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EQUITY TRANSACTIONS

3 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2025

EQUITY TRANSACTIONS

EQUITY TRANSACTIONS

NOTE E – EQUITY TRANSACTIONS

On June 13, 2014, the Board of Directors of the Company authorized the Company to repurchase up to two million shares of its outstanding common stock under the Company Stock Repurchase Program (the “Repurchase Program”). The timing, manner, price and amount of any repurchases under the Repurchase Program will be at the discretion of the Company, subject to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and related rules. The Repurchase Program does not oblige the Company to repurchase any shares, and it may be modified, suspended or terminated at any time and for any reason. No shares will be repurchased under the Repurchase Program directly from directors or officers of the Company. As of January 31, 2025 and October 31, 2024, a total of 498,557 shares of the Company’s common stock has been purchased under the Repurchase Program for an aggregate amount of $484,871.

On January 28, 2025, the Board of Directors of the Company declared a cash dividend of $0.075 per common share for shareholders of record as of the close of business on February 28, 2025. Accordingly, an aggregate estimated dividend payment of $1,719,918 will be paid on or about March 20, 2025.

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CONCENTRATIONS OF RISKS

3 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2025

CONCENTRATIONS OF RISKS

CONCENTRATIONS OF RISKS

NOTE F - CONCENTRATIONS OF RISK

Cash, Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

The Company’s domestic cash and cash equivalents, and marketable securities consist of cash deposits in FDIC insured banks (substantially covered by FDIC insurance by the spread of deposits in multiple FDIC insured banks), and U.S. Treasury securities with maturities of twelve months or less. The U.S. Treasury securities are held in the custody of major financial institutions and their value is not subject to insurance.  In the foreign markets we serve, we also maintain cash deposits in foreign banks, which have no specific insurance. Normally, these uninsured bank deposits are not significant, and they are in deposit with major multinational banks. No significant losses have been experienced nor are expected on these bank accounts or investments.

Accounts receivable and revenues

The Company's revenues, and the related receivables, are concentrated in the pharmaceutical industry in Puerto Rico, the United States of America and Europe. Although a few customers represent a significant source of revenue, the Company’s functions are not a continuous process, accordingly, the client base for which the services are typically rendered, on a project-by-project basis, changes regularly.

The Company provided a substantial portion of its services to three customers, which accounted for 10% or more of its revenues in either of the three-month periods ended January 31, 2025 and 2024. During the three months ended January 31, 2025, revenues from these customers were 22.2%, 15.7% and 11.8%, or a total of 49.7%, as compared to the percentages for the same period last year of 0.0%, 15.6% and 18.5%, or a total of 34.1%, respectively. For the three months ended January 31, 2025 and 2024, these customers represented for the Puerto Rico, United States and Europe consulting reportable segments 11.8%, 15.7% and 22.2%, as compared to 18.5%, 15.6% and 0.0%, respectively. On January 31, 2025, amounts due from these customers represented 48.5% of the Company’s total accounts receivable balance.

The information related to major customers in the above paragraph is based on revenues earned from said customers at the segment level because in management’s opinion contracts by segments are independent of each other, and therefore such information is more meaningful to the reader. However, at the global level three customers accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s revenues in either of the three-month periods ended January 31, 2025 and 2024. During the three months ended January 31, 2025, aggregate revenues from these global groups of affiliated companies were 22.2%, 17.4% and 11.8%, or a total of 51.4%, as compared to the same period last year for 0.0%, 18.5% and 18.5%, or a total of 37.0%, respectively. For the three months ended January 31, 2025 and 2024, these customers represented for the Puerto Rico, United States and Europe consulting reportable segments 13.5%, 15.7% and 22.2%, as compared to 21.4%, 15.6% and 0.0%, respectively. On January 31, 2025, amounts due from these global groups of affiliated companies represented 52.4% of total accounts receivable balance.

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SEGMENT DISCLOSURES

3 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2025

SEGMENT DISCLOSURES

SEGMENT DISCLOSURES

NOTE G - SEGMENT DISCLOSURES

The Company’s segments are based on the organizational structure for which financial results are regularly evaluated by the Company’s chief operating decision maker (the “CODM”) to determine resource allocation and assess performance. Each reportable segment is managed by its own management team and reports to executive management. The Company has three reportable segments: (i) Puerto Rico consulting, (ii) United States consulting, and (iii) Europe consulting. The reportable segments provide services primarily to the pharmaceutical, chemical, medical device and biotechnology industries in their respective markets. The services vary between customers and projects based on the nature of the project and the technical skills necessary to accomplish the project tasks. Therefore, the allocation of consultancy resources is mostly based on the segment’s ability to provide the best consultant in the most profitable cost-effective manner. Accordingly, the CODM evaluates segment performance based on the segment’s (i) revenue volume, (ii) gross profit ratio to revenue, and (iii) income (loss) from operations.

The following table presents information about the reported revenue from services and income (loss) from operations of the Company for the three-month periods ended January 31, 2025 and 2024. There is no intersegment revenue for the mentioned periods. Corporate expenses that support the operating units have been allocated to the segments. Asset information by reportable segment is not presented, since the Company does not produce such information internally, nor does it use such data to manage its business.

	Three months ended January 31,
	2025					2024
REVENUES:
Puerto Rico consulting	$	1,103,269				$	1,390,609
United States consulting		646,133					882,890
Europe consulting		721,258					64,805
Other		673					41,883
Total consolidated revenue	$	2,471,333				$	2,380,187
GROSS PROFIT¹:
Puerto Rico consulting	$	197,554		17.9	%	$	198,452		14.3	%
United States consulting		222,325		34.4	%		303,162		34.3	%
Europe consulting		347,557		48.2	%		18,454		28.5	%
Other		673		100.0	%		15,541		37.1	%
Total consolidated gross profit	$	768,109		31.1	%	$	535,609		22.5	%
INCOME (LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS:
Puerto Rico consulting	$	(44,769	)			$	(212,550	)
United States consulting		(100,062	)				(134,528	)
Europe consulting		66,381					(94,426	)
Other		(13,741	)				3,204
Total consolidated income (loss) from operations		(92,191	)				(438,300	)
OTHER INCOME, NET		101,842					180,529
Total consolidated income (loss) before income tax	$	9,651				$	(257,771	)

¹ Gross profit represents revenues less cost of service, which the latter is mostly composed of personnel cost. Percentages represent the segment(s) gross profit to its related revenue segment(s).

² Income (loss) from operations represents gross profit reduced by selling, general and administrative expenses.

Long lived assets (property and equipment) as of January 31, 2025 and October 31, 2024, and related depreciation and amortization expense for the three months ended January 31, 2025 and 2024, were concentrated in the corporate offices in Puerto Rico. Accordingly, depreciation expense and acquisition of property and equipment, as presented in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, are mainly related to the corporate offices.

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ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2025

ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Consolidation

The accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its wholly owned subsidiaries. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation. 

Segments

The Company operates in three reportable business segments: (i) Puerto Rico technical compliance consulting, (ii) United States technical compliance consulting, and (iii) Europe technical compliance consulting. Accordingly, the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements are presented to show these three reportable segments.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Accounting standards have established a fair value hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. A financial instrument’s categorization within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Accounting standards have established three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1:	Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
Level 2:	Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices in markets with insufficient volume or infrequent transactions (less active markets), or model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable or can be derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.
Level 3:	Prices or valuation techniques that require inputs that are both significant to the fair value measurement and unobservable (supported by little or no market activity).

Marketable securities consist of U.S. Treasury securities, which are categorized in Level 1 and have a short-term maturity.

The carrying value of the Company's financial instruments, cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, are considered reasonable estimates of fair value due to their liquidity or short-term nature.

Revenue Recognition

The Company records revenue under Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. We evaluate our revenue contracts with customers based on the five-step model under ASC 606: (i) Identify the contract with the customer; (ii) Identify the performance obligations in the contract; (iii) Determine the transaction price; (iv) Allocate the transaction price to separate performance obligations; and (v) Recognize revenue when (or as) each performance obligation is satisfied.

Revenue is primarily derived from: (1) time and material contracts (representing approximately 99% of total revenues), and (2) short-term fixed-fee contracts or "not to exceed" contracts (representing approximately 1% of total revenues).  Time and material contracts are typically based on the number of hours worked at contractually agreed upon rates. These service contracts relate to work which has no alternative use and for which the Company has an enforceable right to payment for the work completed to date. As a result, revenue is recognized over time when or as the Company transfers control of the promised products or services (known as performance obligations) to its customers. Revenue for short term fixed fee contracts or “not to exceed” contracts is recognized similarly, except that certain milestones also have to be reached before revenue is recognized. If the Company determines that a contract will result in a loss, the Company recognizes the estimated loss in the period in which such determination is made.

Cash Equivalents

For purposes of the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, cash equivalents consist of cash and liquid investments, including U.S. Treasury securities, with original maturities of three months or less.

Accounts Receivable

Accounts receivable are reported net of an allowance for credit losses. The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses to provide for estimated amounts of receivables that will not be collected. This estimation is based on historical collection experience, the age of the receivables, an assessment of the creditworthiness of customers, and current economic conditions. The allowance for credit losses is subject to estimation uncertainty. If actual future uncollectible amounts differ from estimates, future provisions for credit losses may be affected. The allowance is increased by provisions charged to credit loss expense and reduced by charge-offs of uncollectible accounts. As of January 31, 2025 and October 31, 2024, the allowance for credit losses was approximately $5.3 million, and there were no charges to expense or charge-offs of uncollectible accounts during the three months ended on January 31, 2025 and 2024. The existing allowance is mostly related to an account that is being litigated, which was fully allowed in 2021.

Income Taxes

The Company follows an asset and liability approach method of accounting for income taxes. This method measures deferred income taxes by applying enacted statutory rates in effect at the balance sheet date to the differences between the tax basis of assets and liabilities and their reported amounts on the financial statements. The resulting deferred tax assets or liabilities are adjusted to reflect changes in tax laws as they occur. A valuation allowance is provided when it is more likely than not that a deferred tax asset will not be realized.

The Company follows guidance from the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) related to Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, which includes a two-step approach to recognizing, de-recognizing and measuring uncertain tax positions. As of January 31, 2025, the Company had no significant uncertain tax positions that would be reduced as a result of a lapse of the applicable statute of limitations.

Leases

The Company follows accounting standards issued by the FASB for the accounting and disclosure of leases. Under those standards, assets and liabilities that arise from leases are recognized on the balance sheet, and the leases are categorized at their inception as either operating or finance leases.

Operating lease right-of-use assets represent our right to use an underlying asset for the lease term, and lease liabilities represent our obligation to make lease payments under the lease. Lease recognition occurs at the commencement date, and lease liability amounts are based on the present value of lease payments made during the lease term, based on a discount rate of 8%.

Property and Equipment

Owned property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation of owned assets are provided for, when placed in service, in amounts sufficient to relate the cost of depreciable assets to operations over their estimated service lives, using straight-line basis. Expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed when incurred. As of January 31, 2025 and October 31, 2024, the accumulated depreciation amounted to $668,868 and $658,249, respectively.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company evaluates for impairment its long-lived assets to be held and used, and long-lived assets to be disposed of, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Based on management estimates, no impairment of the long-lived assets was present as of January 31, 2025 and October 31, 2024.

Stock-based Compensation

Stock-based compensation expense is recognized in the condensed consolidated financial statements based on the fair value of the awards granted. Stock-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the requisite service period, which generally represents the vesting period, and includes an estimate of awards that will be forfeited. The Company calculates the fair value of stock options using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model at the grant date, while for restricted stock units the fair market value of the units is determined by the Company’s share market value at grant date. Excess tax benefits related to stock-based compensation are reflected as cash flows from financing activities rather than cash flows from operating activities. The Company has not recognized such cash flows from financing activities since there has been no tax benefit related to the stock-based compensation.

Earnings (Loss) Per Share of Common Stock

Basic earnings (loss) per share of common stock is calculated by dividing net earnings (loss) by the weighted average number of shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted earnings (loss) per share includes the dilution of common stock equivalents, which include principally shares that may be issued upon the exercise of warrants, stock option and restricted stock unit awards.

The diluted weighted average shares of common stock outstanding were calculated using the treasury stock method for the respective periods.

Foreign Operations

The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is its local currency. The assets and liabilities of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Income and expense items are translated at the average exchange rates prevailing during the period. The cumulative translation effect for subsidiaries using a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar is included as a cumulative translation adjustment in stockholders’ equity and as a component of comprehensive income (loss).

The Company’s intercompany accounts are typically denominated in the functional currency of the foreign subsidiary. Gains and losses resulting from the remeasurement of intercompany receivables that the Company considers to be of a long-term investment nature are recorded as a cumulative translation adjustment in stockholders’ equity and as a component of comprehensive income, while gains and losses resulting from the remeasurement of intercompany receivables from those international subsidiaries for which the Company anticipates settlement in the foreseeable future are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations.

Subsequent Events

The Company has evaluated subsequent events through the filing date of this report. The Company has determined that there are no events occurring in this period that required disclosure or adjustment.

Reclassifications

Certain reclassifications have been made to the January 31, 2024 condensed consolidated financial statements to conform them to the January 31, 2025 condensed consolidated financial statements presentation. Such reclassifications do not affect net income as previously reported.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 Segment Reporting to provide more detail information about a reportable segment's expenses. Effective November 1, 2024, the Company adopted ASU No. 2023-07, and the adoption of this standard did not have a significant impact on the Company's condensed consolidated financial statements.

Recent accounting pronouncements pending adoption not discussed above or in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended October 31, 2024 are either not applicable or will not have or are not expected to have a material impact on us.

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EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2025

EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE

Schedule of calculations of basic and diluted earnings per share

	Three months ended January 31,
	2025		2024
Net income (loss) available to common equity holders - used to compute basic and diluted earnings per share	$	8,536	$	(270,719	)
Weighted average number of common shares - used to compute basic earnings (loss) per share		22,958,143		22,962,460
Effect of options to purchase common stock		2,609		23,910
Weighted average number of shares - used to compute diluted earnings (loss) per share		22,960,752		22,986,370

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SEGMENT DISCLOSURES (Tables)

3 Months Ended

Jan. 31, 2025

SEGMENT DISCLOSURES

Schedule of segment reporting information

	Three months ended January 31,
	2025					2024
REVENUES:
Puerto Rico consulting	$	1,103,269				$	1,390,609
United States consulting		646,133					882,890
Europe consulting		721,258					64,805
Other		673					41,883
Total consolidated revenue	$	2,471,333				$	2,380,187
GROSS PROFIT¹:
Puerto Rico consulting	$	197,554		17.9	%	$	198,452		14.3	%
United States consulting		222,325		34.4	%		303,162		34.3	%
Europe consulting		347,557		48.2	%		18,454		28.5	%
Other		673		100.0	%		15,541		37.1	%
Total consolidated gross profit	$	768,109		31.1	%	$	535,609		22.5	%
INCOME (LOSS) FROM OPERATIONS:
Puerto Rico consulting	$	(44,769	)			$	(212,550	)
United States consulting		(100,062	)				(134,528	)
Europe consulting		66,381					(94,426	)
Other		(13,741	)				3,204
Total consolidated income (loss) from operations		(92,191	)				(438,300	)
OTHER INCOME, NET		101,842					180,529
Total consolidated income (loss) before income tax	$	9,651				$	(257,771	)

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ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	Jan. 31, 2025	Oct. 31, 2024
ORGANIZATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Accumulated depreciation	$ 668,868	$ 658,249
Accounts receivable	$ 5,300,000
Discount rate on lease payments	8.00%

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INCOME TAXES (Details Narrative) - USD ($) $ in Millions	3 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2025	Dec. 22, 2017
Tax Reform [Member]
Tax Exemption	100.00%
U.S. tax reduced rate	10.50%
Transition Tax		$ 2.7
PRIDCO [Member]
Puerto Rico tax holiday derived from PRIDCO Grant tax rate	37.50%
United States federal income tax rate	21.00%
Fixed income tax rate	4.00%

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EARNINGS PER SHARE (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2025	Jan. 31, 2024
EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE
NET LOSS	$ 8,536	$ (270,719)
Weighted average number of common shares - used to compute basic earnings (loss) per share	22,958,143	22,962,460
Effect of options to purchase common stock	2,609	23,910
Weighted average number of shares - used to compute diluted earnings (loss) per share	22,960,752	22,986,370

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EARNINGS PER SHARE (Details Narrative) - shares	3 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2025	Jan. 31, 2024
Employee Stock Option [Member]
Antidilutive securities excluded from computation of earnings per share	373,350	213,350

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EQUITY TRANSACTIONS (Details Narrative) - USD ($)	1 Months Ended
	Jan. 28, 2025	Jan. 31, 2025	Oct. 31, 2024
EQUITY TRANSACTIONS
Shares purchased under Repurchase Program, shares		498,557	498,557
Shares purchased under Repurchase Program, amount		$ 484,871	$ 484,871
Cash dividend, per share	$ 0.075
Dividend paid	$ 1,719,918

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CONCENTRATIONS OF RISK (Details Narrative)	3 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2025	Jan. 31, 2024
Sales Revenue, Net [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	49.70%	34.10%
Sales Revenue, Net [Member] | Global Level One Customer [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	22.20%	0.00%
Sales Revenue, Net [Member] | Global Level Three Customer [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	11.80%	18.50%
Sales Revenue, Net [Member] | Global Level Two Customer [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	17.40%	18.50%
Sales Revenue, Net [Member] | Global Level Customer [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	51.40%	37.00%
Sales Revenue, Net [Member] | One Customer [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	22.20%	0.00%
Sales Revenue, Net [Member] | Three Customer [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	11.80%	18.50%
Sales Revenue, Net [Member] | Two Customer [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	15.70%	15.60%
Sales Revenue, Net [Member] | Europe Consulting [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	22.20%	0.00%
Sales Revenue, Net [Member] | Europe Consulting [Member] | Global Level Customer [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	22.20%	0.00%
Sales Revenue, Net [Member] | United States Consulting [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	15.70%	15.60%
Sales Revenue, Net [Member] | United States Consulting [Member] | Global Level Customer [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	15.70%	15.60%
Sales Revenue, Net [Member] | Puerto Rico Consulting [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	11.80%	18.50%
Sales Revenue, Net [Member] | Puerto Rico Consulting [Member] | Global Level Customer [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	13.50%	21.40%
Accounts Receivable [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	48.50%
Accounts Receivable [Member] | Global Level Customer [Member]
Concentration Risk, Percentage	52.40%

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SEGMENT DISCLOSURES (Details) - USD ($)	3 Months Ended
	Jan. 31, 2025	Jan. 31, 2024
Total consolidated revenues	$ 2,471,333	$ 2,380,187
Total consolidated income before taxes	9,651	(257,771)
Total consolidated income from operations	(92,191)	(438,300)
Other Income, Net	101,842	180,529
Total consolidated gross profit	$ 768,109	$ 535,609
Gross profit percentage	31.10%	22.50%
Puerto Rico Consulting [Member]
Total consolidated revenues	$ 1,103,269	$ 1,390,609
Total consolidated income from operations	(44,769)	(212,550)
Total consolidated gross profit	$ 197,554	$ 198,452
Gross profit percentage	17.90%	14.30%
United States Consulting [Member]
Total consolidated revenues	$ 646,133	$ 882,890
Total consolidated income from operations	(100,062)	(134,528)
Total consolidated gross profit	$ 222,325	$ 303,162
Gross profit percentage	34.40%	34.30%
Europe Consulting [Member]
Total consolidated revenues	$ 721,258	$ 64,805
Total consolidated income from operations	66,381	(94,426)
Total consolidated gross profit	$ 347,557	$ 18,454
Gross profit percentage	48.20%	28.50%
Other Segment [Member]
Total consolidated revenues	$ 673	$ 41,883
Total consolidated income from operations	(13,741)	3,204
Total consolidated gross profit	$ 673	$ 15,541
Gross profit percentage	100.00%	37.10%