Goodwill and Other Intangibles, Net

The following table summarizes changes in goodwill by reporting unit during the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 (amounts in thousands):



	Home health			Hospice		Home and community- based		Facility-based			Healthcare Innovations		Total
Balance as of December 31, 2016	$	210,839		$	64,234	$	18,820	$	13,424		—		$	307,317
Acquisitions	30,623			15,000		6,220		160			—		52,003
Noncontrolling interests	21,469			9,580		3,501		(141		)	—		34,409
Adjustments and disposals	(1,475		)	—		—		347			—		(1,128		)
Balance as of December 31, 2017	$	261,456		$	88,814	$	28,541	$	13,790		$	—	$	392,601
Acquisitions	558,628			29,263		137,042		—			40,755		765,688
Noncontrolling interests	3,297			506		—		—			—		3,803
Adjustments and disposals	(779		)	—		—		404			—		(375		)
Balance as of December 31, 2018	$	822,602		$	118,583	$	165,583	$	14,194		$	40,755	$	1,161,717

The Company determined that there was no impairment for the goodwill of any reporting units as of December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 based on the Company's annual impairment testing. The Company did record $0.6 million and $1.5 million of disposal of goodwill during the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 due to the closure of underperforming locations. The amount of disposal of goodwill was determined using prices of comparable business in the market. This was recorded in impairment of intangibles and other on the Company's consolidated statements of income.

The Company performed an impairment analysis on its indefinite-lived intangible assets related to the Company's trade names, licenses and certificates of need and determined that it is not more likely than not that the fair values of the indefinite-lived intangible assets are less than its carrying amount as of November 30, 2018; however, the Company did record $3.7 million of disposals of licenses, certificates of needs, and customer relationship intangible assets due to the closure of underperforming locations. This was recorded in impairment of intangibles and other on the Company's consolidated statements of income.

The following tables summarize the changes in intangible assets during the twelve months ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 (amounts in thousands):



	2018			2017
Indefinite-lived intangible assets:
Trade Names	$	156,049		$	78,299
Certificates of Need/Licenses	128,577			53,493
Net total	284,626			131,792

Definite-lived intangible assets:
Trade Names
Gross carrying amount	10,127			10,127
Accumulated amortization	(8,817		)	(7,547		)
Net total	1,310			2,580
Non-compete agreements
Gross carrying amount	5,980			5,732
Accumulated amortization	(5,729		)	(5,494		)
Net total	251			238
Customer relationships
Gross carrying amount	11,822			—
Accumulated amortization	(630		)	—
Net total	11,192			—
Total definite-lived intangible assets
Gross carrying amount	27,929			15,859
Accumulated amortization	(15,176		)	(13,041		)



Net total	12,753			2,818

Total intangible assets:
Gross carrying amount	312,555			147,651
Accumulated amortization	(15,176		)	(13,041		)
Net total	$	297,379		$	134,610

Remaining useful lives of trade names, customer relationships, and non-compete agreements were 8.8, 19.3, and 2.8 years, respectively. Similar amounts at December 31, 2017 were 10.3 and 2.1 years for trade names and non-compete agreements, respectively.

Amortization expense for the Company's intangible assets was $2.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017 and $2.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2016, which was recorded in general and administrative expenses.

The estimated intangible asset amortization expense for each of the five years subsequent to December 31, 2018 is as follows (amounts in thousands):



Year	Amortization amount
2019	$	1,112
2020	899
2021	732
2022	682
2023	682
Total	$	4,107