Organization and Description of Business	9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2022
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Organization and Description of Business	1. Organization and Description of Business Sotherly Hotels Inc. (the “Company”) is a self-managed and self-administered lodging real estate investment trust (“REIT”) that was incorporated in Maryland on August 20, 2004. The Company historically has focused on the acquisition, renovation, upbranding and repositioning of upscale to upper-upscale full-service hotels in the southern United States. The Company’s portfolio, as of September 30, 2022, consisted of investments in ten hotel properties, comprising 2,786 rooms and two hotel commercial condominium units and their associated rental programs. Seven of our hotels operated under the Hilton, DoubleTree, and Hyatt brands, and three are independent hotels. The Company commenced operations on December 21, 2004 when it completed its initial public offering and thereafter consummated the acquisition of six hotel properties (the “Initial Properties”). Substantially all of the Company’s assets are held by, and all of its operations are conducted through, Sotherly Hotels LP (the “Operating Partnership”). Pursuant to the terms of the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership (the “Partnership Agreement”) of the Operating Partnership, the Company, as general partner, is not entitled to compensation for its services to the Operating Partnership. The Company, as general partner, conducts substantially all of its operations through the Operating Partnership and the Company’s administrative expenses are the obligations of the Operating Partnership. Additionally, the Company is entitled to reimbursement for any expenditure incurred by it on the Operating Partnership’s behalf. For the Company to qualify as a REIT, it cannot operate hotels. Therefore, the Operating Partnership, which at September 30, 2022 was approximately 94.7% owned by the Company, and its subsidiaries, lease its hotels to direct and indirect subsidiaries of MHI Hospitality TRS Holding, Inc., MHI Hospitality TRS, LLC and certain of its subsidiaries (collectively, “MHI TRS Entities”), each of which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Operating Partnership. As of September 30, 2022, the MHI TRS Entities engaged Our Town Hospitality, LLC (“Our Town”), an eligible independent management company, to operate the hotels under management contracts. MHI Hospitality TRS Holding, Inc. (“MHI TRS”) is treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary for federal income tax purposes. All references in these “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” to “we”, “us”, “our” and “Sotherly” refer to the Company, its Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries and predecessors, collectively, unless the context otherwise requires or where otherwise indicated. Overview of Significant Transactions Significant transactions occurring during the current period and prior fiscal year include the following: On June 21, 2021, the Company entered into a share exchange agreement with Palogic Value Fund, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“Palogic”). Pursuant to that share exchange agreement, Palogic agreed to exchange 100,000 shares of the Company’s 8.0% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock (the “Series B Preferred Stock”), 85,000 shares of the Company’s 7.875% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock (the “Series C Preferred Stock”), and 35,000 shares of the Company’s 8.25% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock (the “Series D Preferred Stock”) (the “Palogic Shares”), together with all of Palogic’s rights to receive accrued and unpaid dividends on those Palogic Shares, for 1,542,727 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Company Shares”). We closed the transaction and issued the Company Shares on June 22, 2021. The Company did not receive any cash proceeds as a result of the exchange of the Palogic Shares for the Company’s common stock, and the Palogic Shares exchanged have been retired and cancelled. The issuance of the shares of the Company’s common stock was made by the Company pursuant to the exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), contained in Section 3(a)(9) of such act on the basis that these offers constituted an exchange with existing holders of the Company’s securities, and no commission or other remuneration was paid to any party for soliciting such exchange. On December 9, 2021, the Company entered into a share exchange agreement with Palogic. Pursuant to that share exchange agreement, Palogic agreed to exchange 75,000 shares of the Company’s Series C Preferred Stock, together with all of Palogic’s rights to receive accrued and unpaid dividends on those Series C Preferred Stock shares, for 620,919 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share. Closing of the transaction occurred on December 9, 2021. The common shares were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration set forth in Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, as amended, for securities exchanged by an issuer with an existing security holder in a transaction where no commission or other remuneration was be paid or given directly or indirectly for soliciting such an exchange. On February 10, 2022, Louisville Hotel Associates, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and an affiliate of the Company, closed on the sale of the Sheraton Louisville Riverside hotel located in Jeffersonville, Indiana to Riverside Hotel, LLC, an Indiana limited liability company, for a purchase price of $11.5 million, including the assumption by the buyer of the mortgage loan on the hotel. On March 24, 2022, the Company entered into a privately-negotiated share exchange agreement with a holder of its Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock, in reliance on Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act. Pursuant to that share exchange agreement, the Company exchanged 96,900 shares of its common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”) for 7,000 shares of the Series B Preferred Stock and 3,000 shares of the Series C Preferred Stock, together with all of the holder’s rights to receive accrued and unpaid dividends on those shares of Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock. Closing of the transaction occurred on March 25, 2022. The common shares were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration set forth in Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, as amended, for securities exchanged by an issuer with an existing security holder in a transaction where no commission or other remuneration was be paid or given directly or indirectly for soliciting such an exchange. On March 31, 2022, the Company entered into a privately-negotiated share exchange agreement with a holder of its Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock in reliance on Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act. Pursuant to that share exchange agreement, the Company exchanged 120,875 shares of its Common Stock for 5,900 shares of the Series B Preferred Stock and 6,600 shares of the Series C Preferred Stock, together with all of the holder’s rights to receive accrued and unpaid dividends on those shares of Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock. Closing of the transaction occurred on March 31, 2022. The common shares were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration set forth in Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, as amended, for securities exchanged by an issuer with an existing security holder in a transaction where no commission or other remuneration was be paid or given directly or indirectly for soliciting such an exchange. On April 11, 2022, the Company entered into a privately-negotiated share exchange agreement with a holder of its Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock, in reliance on Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act. Pursuant to that share exchange agreement, the Company exchanged 116,640 shares of its Common Stock for 4,000 shares of the Series B Preferred Stock and 8,000 shares of the Series C Preferred Stock, together with all of the holder’s rights to receive accrued and unpaid dividends on those shares of Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock. Closing of the transaction occurred on April 12, 2022. The common shares were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration set forth in Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, as amended, for securities exchanged by an issuer with an existing security holder in a transaction where no commission or other remuneration was be paid or given directly or indirectly for soliciting such an exchange. On April 19, 2022, the Company entered into a privately-negotiated share exchange agreement with a holder of its Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock, in reliance on Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act. Pursuant to that share exchange agreement, the Company exchanged 153,504 shares of its Common Stock for 5,000 shares of the Series B Preferred Stock and 10,600 shares of the Series C Preferred Stock, together with all of the holder’s rights to receive accrued and unpaid dividends on those shares of Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock. Closing of the transaction occurred on April 19, 2022. The common shares were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration set forth in Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, as amended, for securities exchanged by an issuer with an existing security holder in a transaction where no commission or other remuneration was be paid or given directly or indirectly for soliciting such an exchange. On June 10, 2022, we closed the sale of the DoubleTree by Hilton Raleigh-Brownstone University hotel. The Company used approximately $18.6 million of the net cash proceeds from the sale of the hotel to repay the existing mortgage on the property and approximately $19.8 million of the net cash proceeds to repay a portion of the secured notes (the “Secured Notes”) with KWHP SOHO, LLC and MIG SOHO, LLC (together, the “Investors”) as required by the terms of the Secured Notes. The Company intends to use the remaining net cash proceeds to make any distributions on the Company’s preferred stock that may be required in order to comply with the REIT requirements applicable to the Company related to distributions of taxable income, and for general corporate purposes. The Investors received approximately $19.8 million of the proceeds from the sale of the hotel, of which approximately $13.3 million was applied toward principal, approximately $6.3 million was applied toward the exit fee owed under the Secured Notes, and approximately $0.2 million was applied toward accrued interest. Additionally, the terms of the Secured Notes allowed for the release of a portion of the interest reserves in the amount of approximately $1.6 million, of which approximately $1.1 million was applied toward principal and approximately $0.5 million was applied toward the exit fee. On June 28, 2022, affiliates of the Company entered into amended loan documents to modify the existing mortgage loan on the Hotel Alba Tampa with the existing lender, Fifth Third Bank. Pursuant to the amended loan documents, the amended mortgage loan: (i) has an increased principal balance of $25.0 million; (ii) includes an extended maturity date of June 30, 2025, which may be further extended for two additional periods of one year each, subject to certain conditions; (iii) bears a floating interest rate of SOFR plus 2.75%, subject to a floor rate of 2.75%; (iv) amortizes on a 25-year schedule and requires payments of monthly interest plus $40,600 monthly amortization payments; and (v) is guaranteed by the Operating Partnership up to $12.5 million, with the guaranty reducing to $6.25 million upon the successful achievement of certain performance milestones. On June 29, 2022, the Company used the proceeds from the refinance of the Hotel Alba Tampa, along with approximately $0.2 million of cash on hand as well as the balance of the interest reserve under the Secured Notes of approximately $0.5 million, to satisfy and pay in full the Secured Notes. The Investors received approximately $8.3 million in satisfaction of the Secured Notes, of which approximately $5.6 million was applied toward principal, approximately $2.6 million was applied toward the exit fee owed under the Secured Notes, and approximately $0.02 million was applied toward accrued interest. Concurrent with the cancellation of the Secured Notes, the following agreements were also terminated in accordance with their terms: (i) Note Purchase Agreement; (ii) Pledge and Security Agreement; (iii) Board Observer Agreement; and (iv) other related ancillary agreements. On August 18, 2022, the Company entered into a privately-negotiated share exchange agreement with a holder of its Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock, and Series D Preferred Stock, in reliance on Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act. Pursuant to that share exchange agreement, the Company exchanged 178,800 shares of its Common Stock for 11,000 shares of the Series B Preferred Stock, 7,100 shares of the Series C Preferred Stock, and 1,900 shares of the Series D Preferred Stock, together with all of the holder’s rights to receive accrued and unpaid dividends on those shares of Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock, and Series D Preferred Stock. Closing of the transaction occurred on August 18, 2022. The common shares were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration set forth in Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, as amended, for securities exchanged by an issuer with an existing security holder in a transaction where no commission or other remuneration was be paid or given directly or indirectly for soliciting such an exchange. On August 23, 2022, the Company entered into a privately-negotiated share exchange agreement with a holder of its Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock, in reliance on Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act. Pursuant to that share exchange agreement, the Company exchanged 140,130 shares of its Common Stock for 13,000 shares of the Series B Preferred Stock and 3,200 shares of the Series C Preferred Stock, together with all of the holder’s rights to receive accrued and unpaid dividends on those shares of Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock. Closing of the transaction occurred on August 24, 2022. The common shares were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration set forth in Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, as amended, for securities exchanged by an issuer with an existing security holder in a transaction where no commission or other remuneration was be paid or given directly or indirectly for soliciting such an exchange.

Organization and Description of Business

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2022

Organization and Description of Business

1. Organization and Description of Business

Sotherly Hotels Inc. (the “Company”) is a self-managed and self-administered lodging real estate investment trust (“REIT”) that was incorporated in Maryland on August 20, 2004. The Company historically has focused on the acquisition, renovation, upbranding and repositioning of upscale to upper-upscale full-service hotels in the southern United States. The Company’s portfolio, as of September 30, 2022, consisted of investments in ten hotel properties, comprising 2,786 rooms and two hotel commercial condominium units and their associated rental programs. Seven of our hotels operated under the Hilton, DoubleTree, and Hyatt brands, and three are independent hotels.

The Company commenced operations on December 21, 2004 when it completed its initial public offering and thereafter consummated the acquisition of six hotel properties (the “Initial Properties”). Substantially all of the Company’s assets are held by, and all of its operations are conducted through, Sotherly Hotels LP (the “Operating Partnership”).

Pursuant to the terms of the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership (the “Partnership Agreement”) of the Operating Partnership, the Company, as general partner, is not entitled to compensation for its services to the Operating Partnership. The Company, as general partner, conducts substantially all of its operations through the Operating Partnership and the Company’s administrative expenses are the obligations of the Operating Partnership. Additionally, the Company is entitled to reimbursement for any expenditure incurred by it on the Operating Partnership’s behalf.

For the Company to qualify as a REIT, it cannot operate hotels. Therefore, the Operating Partnership, which at September 30, 2022 was approximately 94.7% owned by the Company, and its subsidiaries, lease its hotels to direct and indirect subsidiaries of MHI Hospitality TRS Holding, Inc., MHI Hospitality TRS, LLC and certain of its subsidiaries (collectively, “MHI TRS Entities”), each of which is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Operating Partnership. As of September 30, 2022, the MHI TRS Entities engaged Our Town Hospitality, LLC (“Our Town”), an eligible independent management company, to operate the hotels under management contracts. MHI Hospitality TRS Holding, Inc. (“MHI TRS”) is treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary for federal income tax purposes.

All references in these “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” to “we”, “us”, “our” and “Sotherly” refer to the Company, its Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries and predecessors, collectively, unless the context otherwise requires or where otherwise indicated.

Overview of Significant Transactions

Significant transactions occurring during the current period and prior fiscal year include the following:

On June 21, 2021, the Company entered into a share exchange agreement with Palogic Value Fund, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“Palogic”). Pursuant to that share exchange agreement, Palogic agreed to exchange 100,000 shares of the Company’s 8.0% Series B Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock (the “Series B Preferred Stock”), 85,000 shares of the Company’s 7.875% Series C Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock (the “Series C Preferred Stock”), and 35,000 shares of the Company’s 8.25% Series D Cumulative Redeemable Perpetual Preferred Stock (the “Series D Preferred Stock”) (the “Palogic Shares”), together with all of Palogic’s rights to receive accrued and unpaid dividends on those Palogic Shares, for 1,542,727 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Company Shares”). We closed the transaction and issued the Company Shares on June 22, 2021. The Company did not receive any cash proceeds as a result of the exchange of the Palogic Shares for the Company’s common stock, and the Palogic Shares exchanged have been retired and cancelled. The issuance of the shares of the Company’s common stock was made by the Company pursuant to the exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), contained in Section 3(a)(9) of such act on the basis that these offers constituted an exchange with existing holders of the Company’s securities, and no commission or other remuneration was paid to any party for soliciting such exchange.

On December 9, 2021, the Company entered into a share exchange agreement with Palogic. Pursuant to that share exchange agreement, Palogic agreed to exchange 75,000 shares of the Company’s Series C Preferred Stock, together with all of Palogic’s rights to receive accrued and unpaid dividends on those Series C Preferred Stock shares, for 620,919 shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share. Closing of the transaction occurred on December 9, 2021. The common shares were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration set forth in Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, as amended, for securities exchanged by an issuer with an existing security holder in a transaction where no commission or other remuneration was be paid or given directly or indirectly for soliciting such an exchange.

On February 10, 2022, Louisville Hotel Associates, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company and an affiliate of the Company, closed on the sale of the Sheraton Louisville Riverside hotel located in Jeffersonville, Indiana to Riverside Hotel, LLC, an Indiana limited liability company, for a purchase price of $11.5 million, including the assumption by the buyer of the mortgage loan on the hotel.

On March 24, 2022, the Company entered into a privately-negotiated share exchange agreement with a holder of its Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock, in reliance on Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act. Pursuant to that share exchange agreement, the Company exchanged 96,900 shares of its common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”) for 7,000 shares of the Series B Preferred Stock and 3,000 shares of the Series C Preferred Stock, together with all of the holder’s rights to receive accrued and unpaid dividends on those shares of Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock. Closing of the transaction occurred on March 25, 2022. The common shares were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration set forth in Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, as amended, for securities exchanged by an issuer with an existing security holder in a transaction where no commission or other remuneration was be paid or given directly or indirectly for soliciting such an exchange.

On March 31, 2022, the Company entered into a privately-negotiated share exchange agreement with a holder of its Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock in reliance on Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act. Pursuant to that share exchange agreement, the Company exchanged 120,875 shares of its Common Stock for 5,900 shares of the Series B Preferred Stock and 6,600 shares of the Series C Preferred Stock, together with all of the holder’s rights to receive accrued and unpaid dividends on those shares of Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock. Closing of the transaction occurred on March 31, 2022. The common shares were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration set forth in Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, as amended, for securities exchanged by an issuer with an existing security holder in a transaction where no commission or other remuneration was be paid or given directly or indirectly for soliciting such an exchange.

On April 11, 2022, the Company entered into a privately-negotiated share exchange agreement with a holder of its Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock, in reliance on Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act. Pursuant to that share exchange agreement, the Company exchanged 116,640 shares of its Common Stock for 4,000 shares of the Series B Preferred Stock and 8,000 shares of the Series C Preferred Stock, together with all of the holder’s rights to receive accrued and unpaid dividends on those shares of Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock. Closing of the transaction occurred on April 12, 2022. The common shares were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration set forth in Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, as amended, for securities exchanged by an issuer with an existing security holder in a transaction where no commission or other remuneration was be paid or given directly or indirectly for soliciting such an exchange.

On April 19, 2022, the Company entered into a privately-negotiated share exchange agreement with a holder of its Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock, in reliance on Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act. Pursuant to that share exchange agreement, the Company exchanged 153,504 shares of its Common Stock for 5,000 shares of the Series B Preferred Stock and 10,600 shares of the Series C Preferred Stock, together with all of the holder’s rights to receive accrued and unpaid dividends on those shares of Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock. Closing of the transaction occurred on April 19, 2022. The common shares were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration set forth in Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, as amended, for securities exchanged by an issuer with an existing security holder in a transaction where no commission or other remuneration was be paid or given directly or indirectly for soliciting such an exchange.

On June 10, 2022, we closed the sale of the DoubleTree by Hilton Raleigh-Brownstone University hotel. The Company used approximately $18.6 million of the net cash proceeds from the sale of the hotel to repay the existing mortgage on the property and approximately $19.8 million of the net cash proceeds to repay a portion of the secured notes (the “Secured Notes”) with KWHP SOHO, LLC and MIG SOHO, LLC (together, the “Investors”) as required by the terms of the Secured Notes. The Company intends to use the remaining net cash proceeds to make any distributions on the Company’s preferred stock that may be required in order to comply with the REIT requirements applicable to the Company related to distributions of taxable income, and for general corporate purposes. The Investors received approximately $19.8 million of the proceeds from the sale of the hotel, of which approximately $13.3 million was applied toward principal, approximately $6.3 million was applied toward the exit fee owed under the Secured Notes, and approximately $0.2 million was applied toward accrued interest. Additionally, the terms of the Secured Notes allowed for the release of a portion of the interest reserves in the amount of approximately $1.6 million, of which approximately $1.1 million was applied toward principal and approximately $0.5 million was applied toward the exit fee.

On June 28, 2022, affiliates of the Company entered into amended loan documents to modify the existing mortgage loan on the Hotel Alba Tampa with the existing lender, Fifth Third Bank. Pursuant to the amended loan documents, the amended mortgage loan: (i) has an increased principal balance of $25.0 million; (ii) includes an extended maturity date of June 30, 2025, which may be further extended for two additional periods of one year each, subject to certain conditions; (iii) bears a floating interest rate of SOFR plus 2.75%, subject to a floor rate of 2.75%; (iv) amortizes on a 25-year schedule and requires payments of monthly interest plus $40,600 monthly amortization payments; and (v) is guaranteed by the Operating Partnership up to $12.5 million, with the guaranty reducing to $6.25 million upon the successful achievement of certain performance milestones.

On June 29, 2022, the Company used the proceeds from the refinance of the Hotel Alba Tampa, along with approximately $0.2 million of cash on hand as well as the balance of the interest reserve under the Secured Notes of approximately $0.5 million, to satisfy and pay in full the Secured Notes. The Investors received approximately $8.3 million in satisfaction of the Secured Notes, of which approximately $5.6 million was applied toward principal, approximately $2.6 million was applied toward the exit fee owed under the Secured Notes, and approximately $0.02 million was applied toward accrued interest. Concurrent with the cancellation of the Secured Notes, the following agreements were also terminated in accordance with their terms: (i) Note Purchase Agreement; (ii) Pledge and Security Agreement; (iii) Board Observer Agreement; and (iv) other related ancillary agreements.

On August 18, 2022, the Company entered into a privately-negotiated share exchange agreement with a holder of its Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock, and Series D Preferred Stock, in reliance on Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act. Pursuant to that share exchange agreement, the Company exchanged 178,800 shares of its Common Stock for 11,000 shares of the Series B Preferred Stock, 7,100 shares of the Series C Preferred Stock, and 1,900 shares of the Series D Preferred Stock, together with all of the holder’s rights to receive accrued and unpaid dividends on those shares of Series B Preferred Stock, Series C Preferred Stock, and Series D Preferred Stock. Closing of the transaction occurred on August 18, 2022. The common shares were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration set forth in Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, as amended, for securities exchanged by an issuer with an existing security holder in a transaction where no commission or other remuneration was be paid or given directly or indirectly for soliciting such an exchange.

On August 23, 2022, the Company entered into a privately-negotiated share exchange agreement with a holder of its Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock, in reliance on Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act. Pursuant to that share exchange agreement, the Company exchanged 140,130 shares of its Common Stock for 13,000 shares of the Series B Preferred Stock and 3,200 shares of the Series C Preferred Stock, together with all of the holder’s rights to receive accrued and unpaid dividends on those shares of Series B Preferred Stock and Series C Preferred Stock. Closing of the transaction occurred on August 24, 2022. The common shares were issued in reliance on the exemption from registration set forth in Section 3(a)(9) of the Securities Act, as amended, for securities exchanged by an issuer with an existing security holder in a transaction where no commission or other remuneration was be paid or given directly or indirectly for soliciting such an exchange.