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0000950134-09-005169.txt : 20090312
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20090312160421
ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000950134-09-005169
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 10-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 10
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20081231
FILED AS OF DATE: 20090312
DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20090312
FILER:
COMPANY DATA:
COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: Trubion Pharmaceuticals, Inc
CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001298521
STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION: PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
IRS NUMBER: 000000000
FISCAL YEAR END: 1231
FILING VALUES:
FORM TYPE: 10-K
SEC ACT: 1934 Act
SEC FILE NUMBER: 001-33054
FILM NUMBER: 09675766
BUSINESS ADDRESS:
STREET 1: 2401 4TH AVENUE
STREET 2: SUITE 1050
CITY: SEATTLE
STATE: WA
ZIP: 98121
BUSINESS PHONE: 2068380500
MAIL ADDRESS:
STREET 1: 2401 4TH AVENUE
STREET 2: SUITE 1050
CITY: SEATTLE
STATE: WA
ZIP: 98121
10-K
1
v51155e10vk.htm
FORM 10-K
e10vk
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND
EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.
20549
Form 10-K
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(Mark One)
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þ
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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For the fiscal year ended
December 31, 2008
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or
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
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For the transition period
from to
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Commission File Number
001-33054
Trubion Pharmaceuticals,
Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as
specified in its charter)
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DELAWARE
(State or other jurisdiction
of
incorporation or organization)
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52-2385898
(IRS Employer
Identification No.)
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2401 FOURTH AVENUE, SUITE 1050
SEATTLE, WASHINGTON
(Address of
registrants principal executive offices)
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98121
(Zip
Code)
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(206) 838-0500
(Telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the
Act:
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Title of Each Class
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Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
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COMMON STOCK, $0.001 PAR VALUE
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NASDAQ GLOBAL MARKET
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Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the
Act:
None
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a well-known
seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities
Act. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is not required to
file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d)
of the
Act. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed
all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding
12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant
was required to file such reports), and (2) has been
subject to such filing requirements for the past
90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers
pursuant to Item 405 of
Regulation S-K
is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best
of the registrants knowledge, in definitive proxy or
information statements incorporated by reference in
Part III of this
Form 10-K
or any amendment to this
Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large
accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated
filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of
large accelerated filer, accelerated
filer and smaller reporting company in Rule
12b-2 of the
Exchange Act. (Check one):
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accelerated
filer o
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Accelerated
filer þ
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Non-accelerated
filer o
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Smaller
reporting
company o
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(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company
(as defined in
Rule 12b-2
of the
Act). Yes o No þ
The aggregate market value of the common stock held by
non-affiliates of the registrant based on the closing sale price
of the registrants common stock on June 30, 2008, as
reported on the National Association of Securities Dealers
Automated Market, was $78,395,738.
As of February 27, 2009, 17,883,713 shares of the
registrants common stock were outstanding.
DOCUMENTS
INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Specified portions of the registrants definitive proxy
statement with respect to the 2009 Annual Meeting of
Stockholders to be held May 27, 2009, which are to be filed
pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the
end of the registrants fiscal year ended December 31,
2008, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this
annual report.
TRUBION
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
2008
Form 10-K
Annual Report
Table of
Contents
PART I
Forward-Looking
Statements
This annual report on
Form 10-K
and the documents incorporated herein by reference contain
forward-looking statements within the meaning of
Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended, or the Exchange Act, and Section 27A of the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. These
forward-looking statements are based on current expectations,
estimates and projections about our industry, managements
beliefs, and certain assumptions made by management. Words such
as may, anticipate, expect,
could, intend, plan,
believe, seek and estimate
or similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking
statements. These statements are not guarantees of future
performance and actual actions or results may differ materially.
These statements are subject to certain risks, uncertainties,
and assumptions that are difficult to predict, including those
identified in the sections of Item 1 entitled Our
Strategic Collaboration With Wyeth,
Competition, Intellectual Property,
Manufacturing, Government Regulation and
Reimbursement, and in the sections of Item 1A
entitled Risk Factors. We undertake no duty to
update any forward-looking statement to conform the statement to
actual results or changes in our expectations. Readers should,
however, carefully review the risk factors included in other
reports or documents filed by us from time to time with the
Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, particularly our
quarterly reports on
Form 10-Q
and any current reports on
Form 8-K.
Overview
We are a biopharmaceutical company creating a pipeline of novel
protein therapeutic product candidates to treat autoimmune and
inflammatory diseases and cancer. Our mission is to develop a
variety of
first-in-class
and
best-in-class
product candidates customized in an effort to optimize safety,
efficacy and convenience that we believe may offer improved
patient experiences. Our current product candidates are novel
small modular immunopharmaceutical, or
SMIPtm,
therapeutics, a new generation of antibody alternatives. Our
current therapeutics under development target specific antigens
on B cells such as CD20 and CD37, and are designed using our
custom drug assembly technology. In order to fund ongoing
development activities and commercialize our products, we will,
in some cases, enter into collaboration agreements that would
likely include licenses to our technology and arrangements to
provide research and development services for others.
Our lead product candidate, TRU-015, which we are developing
with our partner, Wyeth, has completed a Phase 2b clinical trial
for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, or RA, and a second
Phase 2b clinical trial is under way. The randomized, parallel,
double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-regimen finding study is
designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of two dosing
regimens of TRU-015 administered to patients with active
seropositive rheumatoid factor, or RF, on a background of
methotrexate. This study was designed in a way that we believe
could be supportive of a registration package with the federal
Food and Drug Administration, or FDA.
In collaboration with us, Wyeth is also developing SBI-087, our
next generation CD20-directed product candidate. SBI-087 for RA
builds on our and Wyeths clinical experience with our lead
compound, TRU-015, and is based on our
SMIPtm
technology. Wyeth has commenced a Phase I study of SBI-087 for
RA, and patient dosing is underway. In addition to RA, Wyeth
intends to pursue clinical evaluation of SBI-087 in systemic
lupus erythematosus, or SLE, and Wyeth has filed an
Investigational New Drug, or IND, application for this
indication.
Our proprietary product candidate, TRU-016, is a novel
CD37-directed therapy for the treatment of B-cell mediated
diseases, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, or CLL, and
certain autoimmune and inflammatory disease indications. TRU-016
uses a different mechanism of action than CD20-directed
therapies. As a result, we believe its novel design may provide
patients with improved therapeutic options and enhance efficacy
when used alone or in combination with chemotherapy
and/or
CD20-directed therapeutics. Patient dosing has commenced in a
Phase 1/2 clinical trial for patients with CLL.
2
Our product candidates are as follows:
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TRU-015 for the Treatment of Rheumatoid
Arthritis. According to Datamonitor, RA is
estimated to affect approximately 5.2 million people in the
United States, Japan and Europe. In 2008, total reported
worldwide sales of protein therapeutics used for the treatment
of RA were greater than $17 billion. Wyeth has completed a
Phase 2b clinical trial of TRU-015 for the treatment of RA, and
a second Phase 2b clinical trial is under way.
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SBI-087 for the Treatment of Rheumatoid
Arthritis. In collaboration with us, our partner,
Wyeth, has commenced a Phase 1 SBI-087 dose escalation clinical
trial designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability,
pharmacokinetics, or PK, and pharmacodynamics, or PD, of a
single dose of SBI-087 in patients with RA.
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SBI-087 for the Treatment of Systemic Lupus
Erythematosus. According to Datamonitor, SLE is
estimated to affect 236,000 people in the United States.
The prevalence of SLE varies significantly on a
country-by-country
basis. Our partner, Wyeth, has filed an IND for SBI-087 for the
treatment of SLE. Currently, no protein therapeutics have been
approved specifically for the treatment of SLE.
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TRU-016 for the Treatment of B-cell
Malignancies. According to the National Cancer
Institute, CLL is estimated to affect 70,000 people in the
United States. Approximately 10,000 new cases of CLL are
diagnosed each year according to the American Cancer Society, or
ACS, and it estimates that 15,110 new cases of CLL were
diagnosed in the United States during 2008. Approximately
4,390 people died of CLL in the United States during 2008.
In addition, according to the ACS, NHL is one of the most common
types of cancer accounting for about 4% of all cancers. About
66,120 people are expected to be diagnosed with NHL in
2008. Total reported worldwide sales of
Rituxan®/Mabthera®
surpassed $5 billion in 2008. Rituxan is approved for the
treatment of NHL and RA, and is used for CLL. Our TRU-016
product candidate targets CD37 for the treatment of B-cell
malignancies such as CLL and NHL. TRU-016 uses a different
mechanism of action than CD20-directed therapies. As a result,
we believe its novel design may improve patients
therapeutic options and enhance efficacy when used alone or in
combination with chemotherapy
and/or
CD20-directed therapeutics. Patient dosing has commenced in a
Phase 1/2 clinical trial for patients with CLL.
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In addition to our current product candidates, we are also
developing additional alliance and proprietary product
candidates that build on our existing product experience. To
date, none of our product candidates has been approved for
marketing and sale to patients nor have we received any product
revenue.
In December 2005, we entered into a collaboration agreement with
Wyeth for the development and worldwide commercialization of
TRU-015 and other therapeutics directed to CD20, an antigen that
is a validated clinical target present on B cells. Pursuant to
the agreement, we are also collaborating with Wyeth on the
development and worldwide commercialization of certain other
product candidates directed to a small number of targets other
than CD20. During the period in which we will be providing
research services for Wyeth, Wyeth has the right, subject to our
reasonable consent, to replace a limited number of these
targets. In addition, we also have the option to co-promote with
Wyeth, on customary terms to be agreed, CD20-directed therapies
in the United States for niche indications. We retain the right
to develop and commercialize, on our own or with others, product
candidates directed to all targets not included within the
agreement, including CD37. Unless it is terminated earlier, our
agreement with Wyeth will remain in effect on a
product-by-product
basis and on a
country-by-country
basis until the later of the date that any such product shall no
longer be covered by a valid claim of a United States or foreign
patent or application and, generally, ten years after the first
commercial sale of any product licensed under the agreement.
Product
Technologies
Our current product development efforts are focused on three
proprietary technologies that comprise the expanded foundation
for Trubion product development
SMIPtm
protein therapeutics,
SCORPIONtm
protein therapeutics, and
TRU-ADhanCetm
potency enhancing technology for immunopharmaceuticals. We
believe our product candidates offer the potential for safer and
more effective therapies than existing or other potential
3
products. Additionally, we believe that these technologies will
provide the basis for the long-term development of additional
first-in-class
and
best-in-class
product candidates.
SMIPtm
Protein Therapeutics
Our custom drug assembly technology permits us to build protein
therapeutics to predetermined specifications. We call these
protein therapeutics small modular immunopharmaceutical, or
SMIP, product candidates. By selecting from our polypeptide
libraries and uniquely combining polypeptides called hinge
domains, effector domains and binding domains, we create
customized SMIP product candidates that are intended to bind to
a specified target cell and elicit specific biological activity
in a targeted disease state. These SMIP product candidates can
be specifically engineered to have an optimal half-life, or the
ability to maintain effective concentrations in vivo, and are
approximately one-half the size of monoclonal antibodies, or
mAbs, a leading form of protein therapeutic directed to the
treatment of a wide range of disease states, including
autoimmune diseases and cancer. We believe that our SMIP product
candidates retain the beneficial characteristics of mAbs, such
as binding to specific target antigens and predictable
biological activity, while the small size of our SMIP product
candidates may facilitate tissue penetration in certain disease
states such as cancer, resulting in increased therapeutic
benefit, As a result, we believe that our custom drug assembly
technology enables us to design and develop differentiated SMIP
product candidates for a range of targets and biological
activity that have the following advantages:
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Customizable Biological Activity. SMIP product
candidates can be specifically engineered to provide a precise
balance of complement dependent cytotoxicity, or CDC,
and/or
antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, or ADCC, mediated
activity. We believe our ability to customize this balance of
biological activities will result in safer and more effective
immunopharmaceuticals.
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Customizable Half-Life. SMIP product
candidates can be specifically engineered to have an optimal
half-life, an indication of the time effective concentrations
are maintained in vivo, for a given indication. This should
permit them to be used in treating both acute and chronic
disease indications.
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Improved Biodistribution. SMIP product
candidates have a particle size that is approximately one-half
the size of mAbs. Smaller molecules have been demonstrated to
penetrate tissues more readily, which we believe will provide
increased therapeutic benefits.
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Reliable Manufacturing. SMIP product
candidates can be produced at large scale in mammalian cell
expression systems from readily available starting materials.
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Each of our SMIP product candidates contains a binding domain, a
hinge domain and an effector domain. Because of the simple
structure of SMIP product candidates, our custom drug assembly
technology permits us to engineer desired characteristics into
each domain so we can design and develop novel product
candidates for a range of targets, as well as a range of
differentiated product candidates for any particular target.
Each SMIP product candidate is specifically designed to meet
predetermined therapeutic specifications for biological activity
and binding activity based on our biological assessment of the
validated target in the proposed disease indication. Biological
activity and binding activity are the two most important
characteristics of a protein immunotherapeutic. The diagram
below is a representation of the steps in our assembly process.
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Biological Activity. Our SMIP product
candidates are assembled by selecting from our polypeptide
libraries a hinge domain and an effector domain designed to
elicit specific biological activity. For example, one desired
biological activity may be for the immune system to kill the
cell on which the target antigen is present. We select a unique
hinge domain and effector domain combination based on the
targeted disease to trigger the death of the cell to which the
SMIP product candidate is bound. This can be through the
initiation of the complement cascade causing CDC, by recruiting
other immune cells to kill the cell through ADCC, or by using an
engineered balance of both activities. In addition, the
combination of hinge domain and effector domain may be
engineered to generate cellular signals through the antigen
target leading to, for example, the death of the cell through
apoptosis or programmed cell death.
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Binding Activity. Selected hinge domain and
effector domain are paired with an appropriate binding domain
from our polypeptide libraries. The binding domain recognizes
and attaches to a specific antigen target, which results in
initiation of the desired biological activity. Examples of
target antigens include cell surface receptors on target cells
such as B cells. The binding domain may be composed of any
polypeptide that specifically recognizes and binds to the target
antigen. Examples of binding domains include polypeptide ligands
such as hormones, cytokines, chemokines, or cell surface or
soluble receptors for such polypeptide ligands, as well as
binding domains derived from immunogloulin molecules such as
single chain Fv polypeptides.
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SCORPIONtm
Protein Therapeutics
SCORPION therapeutics build on our SMIP technology and are also
novel, single-chain polypeptides assembled from module libraries
and selected for desired properties. However, SCORPION compounds
are multi-specific
and/or
multi-valent therapeutics that are capable of targeting two or
more antigens simultaneously. We believe that, along with our
proven
SMIP
platform, SCORPION protein therapeutics will
provide the basis for development of additional
first-in-class
and
best-in-class
product candidates.
5
TRU-ADhanCetm
Technology
In addition to SMIP and SCORPION therapeutics, we have also
developed our proprietary TRU-ADhanCe technology which is
capable of markedly enhancing the potency of existing therapies
that work through ADCC. This effector mechanism is known to be
an important determinant of efficacy for some
immunopharmaceuticals in oncology indications, which has led to
great interest in developing methods for enhancing ADCC potency.
Existing methods have imposed challenges and risks on product
development either by introducing potentially immunogenic amino
acid mutations in highly conserved protein domains or by
requiring the use of novel unvalidated manufacturing cell lines.
We have created a simple proprietary manufacturing methodology
for ADCC potency enhancement that we believe has overcome these
challenges. This method has the potential to generate product
candidates with greater than 10-fold increases in ADCC potency
and long in-vivo half-lives. Importantly, the data demonstrate
it can be applied late in development to established
manufacturing cell lines without reducing cell line viability or
productivity, allowing for retained product quality.
Limitations
of Other Immunopharmaceuticals
The development of therapeutic immunopharmaceuticals, including
mAbs and other antibody alternatives, has advanced and
facilitated drug development and treatment for a wide range of
disease states. The therapeutic benefits of these compounds,
however, are often limited due to their large size, which
results in compromised tissue penetration and difficulties in
the engineering and optimization of their biological activity.
Current alternatives to mAbs, including antibody fragments, have
been designed to result in a small size, but have limitations,
including loss of important biological activity, shortened in
vivo half-life, and low expression levels that, either alone or
in combination, can reduce therapeutic potential and limit
commercial feasibility.
Our
Product Candidates
Our current product candidates target B cells. B cells are
important to the basic functioning of the bodys immune
system. In addition to producing antibodies that attack and kill
bacteria and viruses circulating within the body, they also help
recruit and coordinate other types of immune system cells to
perform specialized functions in the bodys fight against
disease and infection. When B cells fail to appropriately
distinguish the bodys own cells, tissues or organs from
foreign pathogens or proteins, the mistaken identification can
result in the B cells initiating an immune response against
healthy cells, which results in an autoimmune disease that can
lead to progressive disability. Autoimmune diseases include RA,
SLE, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, and Graves
disease. As a group, autoimmune diseases are among the most
prevalent illnesses in the United States, affecting up to 5-8%
of the population, or up to 24 million people. In addition,
when B cells become malignant or otherwise multiply
uncontrollably, they can result in cancers known as lymphomas,
leukemias, and myelomas.
The following table sets forth the development stages of our
product candidates:
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Product Candidate
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Disease Indication
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Development Stage
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Partner
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TRU-015
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RA
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2nd Phase
2b
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Wyeth
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SBI-087
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RA
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Phase 1/2 trial enrolling
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Wyeth
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SLE
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IND open
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Wyeth
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TRU-016
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CLL
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Phase 1/2 trial enrolling
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None
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TRU-015
We designed TRU-015 for a desired therapeutic label surrounding
B-cell depletion in multiple indications, including autoimmune
and inflammatory diseases and different types of cancer. TRU-015
binds to its target, CD20, and is engineered to promote specific
biological activity designed for optimized safety and efficacy.
Specifically, general systemic complement activation is thought
to initiate or exacerbate symptoms in RA patients. There is
evidence that CDC may be associated with certain side effects,
particularly intravenous infusion reactions observed in
currently marketed protein immunopharmaceuticals. We have
designed
6
TRU-015 for
reduced CDC activity, while preserving potent ADCC activity and
apoptotic signaling. In addition, TRU-015s smaller size
may provide improved therapeutic options for patients through
more rapid diffusion to disease sites.
Rheumatoid
Arthritis
Background. RA is an autoimmune disease
characterized by inflammation of the joint lining, called the
synovium. In RA, a persons immune system attacks the
synovium, resulting in the thickening of the normally thin
membrane and degradation of the cartilage and bone at the joint.
Though the primary symptoms of RA are pain, stiffness and
swelling of joints, additional symptoms may include fatigue,
weakness, muscle pain, and lumps of tissue under the skin.
Tissue damage from the inflammation ultimately results in
deformity and disability.
Potential Market. According to Datamonitor, RA
is estimated to affect approximately 5.2 million people in
the United States, Japan and Europe. In 2008 total reported
worldwide sales of protein therapeutics used for the treatment
of RA were greater than $17 billion. Notwithstanding the
administration of currently available treatments, approximately
two-thirds of the RA patient population experiences pain,
stiffness and fatigue on a daily basis. As a result, we believe
there is a large unmet medical need in the RA patient population
for an effective drug therapy.
Current Treatments. Initially, a patient
presenting symptoms of RA is typically prescribed non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDS. As the disease progresses,
the RA patient may be prescribed a regimen of disease modifying
anti-rheumatic drugs, or DMARDS, an anti-tumor necrosis factor,
or anti-TNF, or other biologics. It is estimated that 20% of the
RA patient population takes a combination of therapies that
include biologics. Most biologics currently on the market for RA
attempt to block the activity of immune system cytokines, which
are chemical messengers thought to be associated with the
autoimmune reactions, joint inflammation and bone damage
characteristic of RA. These biologics include anti-TNF drugs
such as
Remicade®,
Enbrel®,
Humira,®
and
Kineret®.
Biologics are typically administered to patients with moderate
to severe RA who need therapy in addition to NSAIDS or DMARDS.
In addition to biologics that target immune system cytokines,
Orencia®,
a drug that targets co-receptors on T cells, and
Rituxan®
that, like TRU-015, is targeted to the CD20 antigen, have been
approved for RA.
TRU-015 for RA Clinical Trial Results. In
October 2008 we announced positive results following preliminary
analyses from a Phase 2b study (15002) in which patients
received one course of re-treatment with 800 mg of TRU-015.
Clinical disease activity parameters such as tender and swollen
joint counts, patient and physician global assessments, patient
assessment of pain and disability, and laboratory measures of
inflammation may be combined to form composite measures of
clinical response derived from the American College of
Rheumatology that are known as ACR20, ACR50, and ACR70. In these
measures of clinical response, ACR70 indicates a greater
response from a baseline measure than ACR20, which is defined as
an improvement of at least 20% from baseline in counts of both
tender and swollen joints, as well as in at least three of five
other disease activity parameters. Preliminary analyses of the
Phase 2b re-treatment data demonstrated that at 24 weeks,
ACR 20, 50, and 70 response rates for patients in the initial
800 mg dose group (n=43) who were subsequently re-treated
with 800 mg of TRU-015 were 70%, 40%, and 23%,
respectively. Re-treatment with TRU-015 was generally
well-tolerated. The safety and PD effects after re-treatment
were comparable to those seen after initial therapy.
7
Concurrently, we also announced positive data from a Phase 1/2a
study (15001) demonstrating that repeat administration of
TRU-015 continues to produce persistent responses and
significant improvements in RA signs and symptoms based on ACR
criteria. At 24 weeks, ACR 20, 50, and 70 response rates
for 18 patients that had received their third re-treatment
with 5 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg TRU-015 were 50%, 17%, and
11%, respectively. Ongoing patient evaluations demonstrated
maintenance of ACR responses following administration of a
single dose of TRU-015 at six-month intervals along with B-cell
depletion and recovery following re-treatment, comparable to
results seen after initial treatment as illustrated in the
diagram below:
Clinical
Response Maintained During Re-treatment: Phase 1/2a Study
(15001)
B-cell
Recovery Following Re-treatment: Phase 1/2a Study
(15001)
In November 2007 we presented positive data from our first Phase
2b clinical trial of TRU-015 for the treatment of RA at the ACR
Annual Meeting. Data from the Phase 2b trial demonstrated that
TRU-015 provided statistically significant efficacy after a
single infusion of 800 mg or 1600 mg. Data showed the
improvement in Disease Activity Score, or DAS-28 compared to
placebo was statistically significant in the 800 mg dose
group at 12 weeks and at all subsequent assessments, and in
the 1600 mg dose group at 16 weeks and at all
subsequent assessments. The DAS is a clinical index of RA
disease activity that combines information from swollen joints,
tender joints, the acute phase response and general health. At
24 weeks, ACR20, 50, and 70 response rates in the
800 mg dose group were 65%, 26%, and 0%, respectively.
ACR20, 50, and 70 response rates in the 1600 mg dose group
were 61%, 13%, and 4%, respectively. ACR20, 50, and 70 response
rates at 24 weeks in the placebo group were 33%, 9%, and
2%, respectively.
8
Our initial Phase 2b data suggests that clinical responses may
be maintained during B-cell recovery. In chronic diseases such
as RA, long term B-cell depletion may cause safety concerns. Our
clinical program is designed to optimize dose and schedule for
maximal efficacy and patient convenience without resulting in
long term B-cell depletion.
FDA Approved CD20-Directed Therapies in
RA. Rituxan®
is a mAb that is targeted to the CD20 antigen and was previously
approved for the treatment of NHL. In February 2006, it was
approved for marketing in the United States by the FDA, for the
treatment of patients with moderate to severe RA who have failed
one or more anti-TNF therapies. The recommended dose and
schedule for Rituxan in RA is two intravenous infusions of 1 gm
each separated by two weeks, in combination with continued
methotrexate (10 to 25 mg weekly). Patients given this
regimen show B-cell depletion for at least six months with some
showing B- cell depletion for over three years. There is no
recommended treatment for patients with symptomatic RA and
concomitant B-cell depletion. We believe that the dose-dependent
B-cell depletion shown by TRU-015 may allow us to choose a dose
and schedule that offers similar or greater efficacy while
improving safety as a result of a shorter period of B-cell
depletion. Additionally, the Rituxan -product label contains
warnings related to infusion reactions, including fatal infusion
reactions. We believe that the attenuated CDC activity of
TRU-015 relative to Rituxan may allow for safer infusion
protocols. TRU-015 is a smaller molecule than Rituxan and may
diffuse more rapidly to disease sites. We believe this
characteristic of TRU-015 may allow it to show greater efficacy
or more rapid onset of action in future studies.
TRU-015 for RA Ongoing Clinical
Development. Our partner, Wyeth, has initiated
the second Phase 2b clinical trial (2203) for TRU-015. The
randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled,
dose-regimen finding study will evaluate the safety and efficacy
of two dosing regimens administered to patients with active
seropositive rheumatoid factor, or RF, on a background of
methotrexate. This study has been designed in a way that we
believe could be supportive of a registration package with the
FDA.
SBI-087
SBI-087 is our next generation, humanized, CD20-directed product
candidate for the treatment of RA, SLE, and other autoimmune and
inflammatory diseases. Preclinical studies conducted by Wyeth
evaluated the PK and PD of SBI-087 following a single
intravenous dose. Administration of SBI-087 resulted in
dose-dependent B-lymphocyte depletion in peripheral blood and
lymphoid tissues that was more profound and sustained in
SBI-087-treated groups compared with rituximab.
Rheumatoid
Arthritis
Background. As discussed with TRU-015, RA is
an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of the joint
lining, called the synovium. In RA, a persons immune
system attacks the synovium, resulting in the thickening of the
normally thin membrane and degradation of the cartilage and bone
at the joint. Though the primary symptoms of RA are pain,
stiffness and swelling of joints, additional symptoms may
include fatigue, weakness, muscle pain, and lumps of tissue
under the skin. Tissue damage from the inflammation ultimately
results in deformity and disability.
SBI-087 for RA Ongoing Clinical
Development. Our partner, Wyeth, has commenced a
Phase 1 dose escalation clinical trial designed to evaluate the
safety, tolerability, PK and PD of a single dose of SBI-087 in
patients with RA, and patient dosing is underway.
Systemic
Lupus Erythematosus
Background. SLE is a debilitating, chronic,
inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of
auto-reactive antibodies. It can cause disease in the skin,
internal organs, and the nervous system. Some of the most common
symptoms include extreme fatigue, painful or swollen joints,
fever, skin rashes, and kidney problems.
SLE is a chronic condition with episodic periods of disease
activity, known as flares, and periods of remission. Currently,
there is no cure for SLE, and symptomatic treatment is used in
an effort to prevent flares
9
or treat them when they occur. We believe that B- cell-depletion
therapy is a promising approach toward a targeted therapy in SLE.
Potential Market. According to Datamonitor,
SLE is estimated to affect 236,000 people in the
United States. The prevalence of SLE varies significantly
on a
country-to-country
basis. We believe there is a large, unmet medical need in the
SLE patient population as SLE patients have a death rate three
times higher than that of the general population despite the
fact that most patients are young and middle-aged individuals.
Current Treatment. No protein therapeutics
have been approved specifically for use in the treatment of SLE.
Current drug therapies are predominantly palliative in nature
and are targeted to the patients specific symptoms.
Different medications are used to treat specific manifestations
of SLE. Treatments include acetaminophen
and/or
NSAIDs, immunosuppressants such as methotrexate and
cylcophosphamide, corticosteroids such as methylprednisolone,
and antimalarials such as hydroxychloroquine.
SBI-087 for SLE Planned Clinical
Development. Our partner, Wyeth, has filed an IND
application for this indication and we expect clinical
evaluation to begin in mid-2009.
Commercialization
Rights
Our collaboration agreement with Wyeth includes a worldwide
licensing and commercialization agreement for the development of
TRU-015 and other therapies. We retain an option to co-promote
with Wyeth, on customary terms to be agreed, CD20-directed
therapies in the United States for niche indications. See
Business Our Strategic Collaboration with
Wyeth.
TRU-016
Our proprietary TRU-016 program is focused on the development of
a novel CD37-directed therapy for B-cell malignancies, such as
CLL and NHL. CD37 is a clinically validated target for the
treatment of B-cell malignancies and our TRU-016 product
candidate has been designed for a desired therapeutic label
surrounding B-cell depletion in these B-cell malignancies. CD37
is found at high levels on B cells and at lower levels on a
subpopulation of T cells and myeloid cells. Experiments suggest
that CD37 plays an important role in
B-cell
regulation. In addition, CD37 is known to be highly
overexpressed in patients with CLL. TRU-016 uses a different
mechanism of action than CD20-directed therapies. As a result,
we believe its novel design may provide patients with improved
therapeutic options and enhance efficacy when used alone or in
combination with chemotherapy
and/or other
CD20-directed therapeutics. We are currently conducting a Phase
1/2 clinical trial of TRU-016 in CLL. We also believe TRU-016
may have applications in autoimmune and inflammatory disease
indications.
B-cell
Malignancies: Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and
Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma
Background. B cells and T cells are the two
major types of lymphocytes responsible for defending the body
against infection. Lymphocytic malignancies arise when these
cells multiply uncontrollably. CLL is a type of cancer affecting
the blood and bone marrow. It is a slowly progressing disease
and in most patients the abnormal proliferating lymphocytes are
clonal B cells arrested in the differentiation pathway between
pre B cells and mature B cells. NHL is a diverse group of
lymphocytic malignancies, approximately 85% of which are B-cell
malignancies.
Preclinical data has demonstrated that TRU-016 induces potent
ADCC against primary B-CLL cells, demonstrates significant in
vivo therapeutic efficacy, and induces potent apoptosis in
primary CLL cells. In addition, as shown below, combination
therapy with a CD37-directed
SMIPtm
product candidate and CD20-directed therapy with
Rituxan®
has shown greater preclinical efficacy than either therapy alone.
Potential Market. According to the National
Cancer Institute, CLL is estimated to affect 70,000 people
in the United States. Approximately 10,000 new cases of CLL are
diagnosed each year according to the ACS and they estimate that
15,110 new cases of CLL were diagnosed in the United States
during 2008. Approximately 4,390 people died of CLL in the
United States during 2008. In addition, according to the ACS,
NHL is one of the most common types of cancer with approximately
63,000 new cases diagnosed each year.
10
Rituxan/Mabthera®
was approved for the treatment of NHL in 1997. Total reported
worldwide sales of Rituxan/Mabthera surpassed $5 billion in
2008.
Current Treatments. While available CLL and
NHL therapies include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery
and bone and stem cell transplantation, biologics have become
the standard of care to treat these cancers. Biologic therapies
for NHL include interferon and mAbs such as Rituxan/Mabthera,
Bexxar®
and
Zevalin®.
These mAbs all target CD20 on B cells, and Bexxar and Zevalin
are radiolabeled. In addition,
Campath®
is a CD52-targeted mAb indicated for CLL.
TRU-016:
Superior Efficacy in Indolent NHL Model
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TRU-016 for CLL Ongoing Clinical
Development. Patient dosing has commenced in a
Phase 1/2 clinical trial for patients with CLL. The open label
clinical trial is composed of two parts- a Phase 1 dose
escalation study designed to evaluate the safety, tolerability
and pharmacokinetics of TRU-016; and a Phase 2 expansion cohort
designed to further evaluate safety and to estimate clinical
activity of TRU-016 in patients with previously treated CLL or
small lymphocytic leukemia.
Our
Strategic Collaboration With Wyeth
In December 2005 we entered into a collaboration agreement with
Wyeth for the development and worldwide commercialization of
TRU-015 and other CD20-directed therapeutics. Pursuant to the
agreement, we are also collaborating with Wyeth on the
development and worldwide commercialization of certain other
product candidates directed to a small number of targets other
than CD20. During the period in which we will be providing
research services for Wyeth, Wyeth has the right, subject to our
reasonable consent, to replace a limited number of these
targets. In addition, we also have the option to co-promote with
Wyeth, on customary terms to be agreed, CD20-directed therapies
in the United States for niche indications. We retain the right
to develop and commercialize, on our own or with others, product
candidates directed to all targets not included within the
agreement, including CD37. Unless it is terminated earlier, our
agreement with Wyeth will remain in effect on a
product-by-product
basis and on a
country-by-country
basis until the later of the date that any such product shall no
longer be covered by a valid claim of a United States or foreign
patent or application and, generally, ten years after the first
commercial sale of any product licensed under the agreement.
In connection with the agreement, Wyeth paid us a
$40 million non-refundable, non-creditable, up-front fee in
January 2006 and purchased directly from us in a private
placement, concurrent with our initial public offering,
800,000 shares of our common stock at the initial public
offering price of $13.00 per share, resulting in net proceeds to
us of $10.4 million. Under the agreement, we provided
research services for an initial three-
11
year period ended December 22, 2008 with the option for
Wyeth to extend the service period for two additional one-year
periods. Wyeths financial obligations during the initial
research service term include collaborative research funding
commitments of $9.0 million in exchange for such committed
research services. This $9.0 million was subject to an
increase if the service period was extended beyond three years
as well as annual increases pursuant to percentage changes in
the CPI. In June 2008, Wyeth exercised the first option under
the terms of the agreement to extend the research period for an
additional one-year period through December 22, 2009. Due
to the research period extension, Wyeths collaboration
research funding commitments to us increased by approximately
$3.3 million in exchange for committed research services
from us through December 22, 2009.
Wyeths financial obligations include additional amounts
for reimbursement of
agreed-upon
external research and development costs and patent costs.
Pursuant to the agreement, Wyeth is also obligated to make
payments to us of up to $250 million based on the
achievement of specified regulatory and sales milestones for
CD20-directed therapies and payments to us of up to
$535 million based on the achievement of specified
regulatory and sales milestones for therapies directed to the
small number of targets other than CD20. In addition, we will
receive royalty payments on future licensed product sales.
Our relationship with Wyeth with respect to CD20 and one
additional target is mutually exclusive. This means that neither
of us can pursue the development or commercialization of any
protein therapeutic directed to either of these targets outside
of the collaboration. This exclusive arrangement will continue
with respect to development activities related to each of these
targets until the earlier to occur of the first commercial sale
in a major indication of a protein therapeutic directed to the
applicable target and developed under the collaboration or the
termination of the agreement, and, with respect to
commercialization activities, until the earlier to occur of the
five-year anniversary of first commercial sale in a major
indication of a protein therapeutic directed to the applicable
target and developed under the collaboration or the termination
of the agreement.
With respect to control over decisions and responsibilities, the
collaboration agreement provides for a research committee and a
development committee, consisting of representatives of Wyeth
and us. Ultimate decision-making authority as to most matters
within the collaboration, including development plans and
timelines, however, is vested in Wyeth. Wyeth may terminate the
collaboration in whole or in part without cause by giving us
90 days written notice. Wyeth also has the right to
terminate the agreement on a
target-by-target
basis, upon 60 days written notice, if any safety or
regulatory issue arises that would have a material adverse
effect on Wyeths ability to develop, manufacture or
commercialize the product candidate directed at that target.
Either party may terminate the collaboration in the event of an
uncured material breach of the agreement by the other party.
In January 2009, Pfizer and Wyeth announced that they have
entered into a merger agreement pursuant to which Pfizer will
acquire Wyeth. Pfizer and Wyeth announced that they expect the
merger to close in late Q3 2009 or early Q4 2009. In the event
of a change of control of Wyeth, the agreement would remain in
effect and we are entitled to request further written assurances
from the successor in interest to Wyeth reaffirming the
commitment of the successor in interest to comply with the terms
and conditions of the agreement.
If the successor in interest to Wyeth has ongoing development
and/or
commercialization activities that would violate the mutual
exclusivity provisions of the collaboration agreement, we have
the right to require the successor in interest to engage in good
faith discussions regarding the terms and conditions on which
the successor in interest would pay reasonable financial
consideration to us with respect to those development and
commercialization activities. If we and the successor in
interest do not agree to terms, we have the right to require the
successor in interest to enter into an agreement to divest such
development and commercialization activities, or to divest the
relevant collaboration agreement products to a third party. If
the successor in interest does not divest such development and
commercialization activities or such collaboration agreement
products, we have the right to terminate all licenses related to
CD20 and/or
the additional specified target, as applicable.
If in connection with Wyeths change of control, Wyeth is
required or voluntarily decides to divest itself of one or more
of the products under the collaboration agreement, then Wyeth
must offer us an exclusive opportunity to negotiate the
acquisition or license of all of Wyeths rights to that
product on commercially reasonable terms. If we do not conclude
an agreement with Wyeth covering the product, Wyeth can divest
12
itself of the product but the terms of that divestiture cannot
be more favorable than those that were last offered to us unless
we are given the opportunity to accept those more favorable
terms.
Upon a change of control of Trubion, the agreement would remain
in effect, subject to the right of Wyeth to terminate specified
provisions of the agreement.
Competition
The pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries are intensely
competitive, and any product candidate developed by us would
likely compete with other drugs and therapies. There are many
pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies, public and
private universities, government agencies, and research
organizations actively engaged in research and development of
products targeting the same markets as our product candidates.
Many of these organizations have substantially greater
financial, technical, manufacturing, marketing and personnel
resources than we have. Several of them have developed or are
developing therapies that could be used for treatment of the
same diseases that we are targeting. In addition, many of these
competitors have significantly greater commercial
infrastructures than we have. Our ability to compete
successfully will depend largely on our ability to:
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design and develop products that are superior to other products
in the market;
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successfully collaborate with others in the design, development
and commercialization of new products;
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attract and retain qualified scientific, medical, product
development, commercial and sales and marketing personnel;
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obtain patent
and/or other
proprietary protection for our processes, product candidates and
technologies;
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operate without infringing the patents and proprietary rights of
third parties; and
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obtain required regulatory approvals.
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We expect to compete on, among other things, product efficacy,
safety, convenience, time to market and price. In order to
compete successfully we will need to identify, secure the rights
to and develop products and exploit these products commercially
before others are able to develop competitive products. In
addition, our ability to compete may be affected if insurers and
other third-party payors seek to encourage the use of generic
products, making branded products less attractive to buyers from
a cost perspective.
We believe our product development programs will be subject to
significant competition from companies utilizing alternative
technologies. In addition, as the principles of our
SMIPtm
product candidates become more widely known and appreciated
based on patent and scientific publications and regulatory
filings, we expect the field to become highly competitive.
Pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies, and academic
and research institutions may succeed in developing products
based upon the principles underlying our proprietary
technologies earlier than us, obtaining approvals for such
products from the FDA more rapidly than us or developing
products that are safer, more effective,
and/or more
cost effective than those under development or proposed to be
developed by us.
Product Candidates for Autoimmune and Inflammatory
Diseases. If approved for the treatment of RA, we
anticipate that our product candidates would compete with other
marketed protein therapeutics for the treatment of RA including:
Rituxan®
(Genentech, Biogen Idec, and Roche), which, following its
approval for RA, surpassed $5 billion in worldwide sales in
2007;
Enbrel®
(Amgen and Wyeth), which generated over $6 billion in
worldwide sales in 2008;
Remicade®
(JNJ and Schering-Plough), which generated over
$5.5 billion in worldwide sales in 2008;
Humira®
(Abbott), which generated over $4.5 billion in worldwide
sales in 2008; and
Orencia®
(BMS), which generated $441 million in worldwide sales in
2008.
If approved for the treatment of SLE, we anticipate that our
product candidates would have to compete with other B-cell
depleting therapies, including CD20-directed therapeutics.
Product Candidates for B-cell Malignancies. If
approved for the treatment of CLL, NHL, or other B-cell
malignancies, we anticipate that our product candidates would
compete with other B-cell depleting
13
therapies. Although we are not aware of any CD37-directed
therapeutics in development or on the market, for the treatment
of CLL, NHL, or other B-cell malignancies, other biologic
therapies are marketed for the treatment of NHL or CLL or both,
such as
Rituxan/Mabthera®
(Genentech, Biogen Idec, and Roche),
Zevalin®
(Cell Therapeutics, Spectrum Pharmaceuticals and Bayer Schering
AG),
Bexxar®
(GSK), and
Campath®
(Genzyme and Bayer Schering AG).
Intellectual
Property
Because of the length of time and expense associated with
bringing new products through development and the governmental
approval process, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies
have traditionally placed considerable importance on obtaining
and maintaining patent protection for significant new
technologies, products and processes.
We intend to seek patent protection for appropriate proprietary
technologies by filing patent applications when possible in the
United States and selected other jurisdictions. Our policy is to
seek patent protection for the inventions that we consider
important to the development of our business. We intend to
continue using our scientific expertise to pursue and file
patent applications on new developments with respect to uses,
methods, and compositions to enhance our intellectual property
position in the areas that are important to the development of
our business. We have applied, and are applying for, patents
directed to our
SMIPtm
technology and product candidates, our
SCORPIONtm
technology and our
TRU-ADhanCetm
technology as well as other aspects of our technology both in
the United States and, when appropriate, in other jurisdictions.
Even if we are granted patents by government authorities or
obtain the right to utilize them through licensing, our patents
may not provide significant protection, competitive advantage or
commercial benefit. The validity and enforceability of patents
issued to pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies has proven
highly uncertain. For example, legal considerations surrounding
the validity of patents in the fields of pharmaceuticals and
biotechnology are in transition, and we cannot assure you that
the historical legal standards surrounding questions of validity
will continue to be applied or that current defenses relating to
issued patents in these fields will be sufficient in the future.
In addition, we cannot assure you as to the degree and range of
protections any of our patents, if issued, may afford us or
whether patents will be issued. For example, patents that may
issue to us may be subjected to further governmental review that
may ultimately result in the reduction of their scope of
protection, and pending patent applications may have their
requested breadth of protection significantly limited before
being issued, if issued at all. Further, since publication of
discoveries in scientific or patent literature often lags behind
actual discoveries, we cannot assure you that we were the first
creator of inventions covered by our pending patent
applications, or that we were the first to file patent
applications for these inventions.
Many pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and university
and research institutions have filed patent applications or have
received patents in our areas of product development. Many of
these entities applications, patents and other
intellectual property rights could prevent us from obtaining
patents or could call into question the validity of any of our
patents, if issued, or could otherwise adversely affect the
ability to develop, manufacture or commercialize product
candidates. In addition, certain parts of our SMIP product
technology, including the current expression system responsible
for the production of the recombinant proteins used in our
product candidates and including certain nucleic acids,
originated from third-party sources. These third-party sources
include academic, government and other research laboratories, as
well as the public domain. If use of technology incorporated
into or used to produce our product candidates is challenged, or
if a conflicting patent issued to others is upheld in the courts
or if a conflicting patent application filed by others is issued
as a patent and is upheld, we may be unable to market one or
more of our product candidates, or we may be required to obtain
a license to market those product candidates. To contend with
these possibilities, we may have to enter into license
agreements in the future with third parties for technologies
that may be useful or necessary for the manufacture or
commercialization of some of our product candidates. In
addition, we are routinely in discussions with academic and
commercial entities that hold patents on technology or processes
that we may find necessary in order to engage in some of our
activities. We cannot, however, assure you that these licenses,
or any others that we may be required to obtain to market our
product candidates, will be
14
available on commercially reasonable terms, if at all, or that
we will be able to develop alternative technologies if we cannot
obtain required licenses.
To protect our rights to any of our patents, if issued, and
proprietary information, we may need to litigate against
infringing third parties, or otherwise avail ourselves of the
courts or participate in administrative proceedings to determine
the scope and validity of those patents or other proprietary
rights. These types of proceedings are often costly and could be
very time-consuming to us, and we cannot assure you that the
deciding authorities will rule in our favor. An unfavorable
decision could allow third parties to use our technology without
being required to pay us licensing fees or may compel us to
license needed technologies to avoid infringing third-party
patent and proprietary rights. Although we believe we would have
valid defenses to allegations that our current product
candidates, production methods and other activities infringe the
valid and enforceable intellectual property rights of any third
parties, we cannot be certain that a third party will not
challenge our position in the future. Even if some of these
activities were found to infringe a third partys patent
rights, we may be found to be exempt from infringement under
35 U.S.C. § 271(e) to the extent that these are
found to be pre-commercialization activities related to our
seeking regulatory approval for a product candidate. The scope
of protection under 35 U.S.C. § 271(e), however,
is uncertain and we cannot assure you that any defense under
35 U.S.C. § 271(e) would be successful. Further,
the defense under 35 U.S.C. § 271(e) is only
available for pre-commercialization activities, and could not be
used as a defense for sale and marketing of any of our product
candidates. There has been, and we believe that there will
continue to be, significant litigation in the biopharmaceutical
and pharmaceutical industries regarding patent and other
intellectual property rights.
Third parties could bring legal actions against us claiming we
infringe their patents or proprietary rights, and seek monetary
damages
and/or
enjoin clinical testing, manufacturing and marketing of the
affected product or products. If we become involved in any
litigation, it could consume a substantial portion of our
resources, and cause a significant diversion of effort by our
technical and management personnel regardless of the outcome of
the litigation. If any of these actions were successful, in
addition to any potential liability for damages, we could be
required to obtain a license to continue to manufacture or
market the affected product, in which case we may be required to
pay substantial royalties or grant cross-licenses to our
patents. We cannot, however, assure you that any such license
will be available on acceptable terms, if at all. Ultimately, we
could be prevented from commercializing a product, or forced to
cease some aspect of our business operations as a result of
claims of patent infringement or violation of other intellectual
property rights, which could have a material and adverse effect
on our business, financial condition, and results of operations.
Further, the outcome of intellectual property litigation is
subject to uncertainties that cannot be adequately quantified in
advance, including the demeanor and credibility of witnesses and
the identity of the adverse party. This is especially true in
intellectual property cases that may turn on the testimony of
experts as to technical facts upon which experts may reasonably
disagree.
While we pursue patent protection and enforcement of our product
candidates and aspects of our technologies when appropriate, we
also rely on trade secrets, know-how and continuing
technological advancement to develop and maintain our
competitive position. To protect this competitive position, we
regularly enter into confidentiality and proprietary information
agreements with third parties, including employees, suppliers
and collaborators. Our employment policy requires each new
employee to enter into an agreement that contains provisions
generally prohibiting the disclosure of confidential information
to anyone outside of Trubion and providing that any invention
conceived by an employee within the scope of his or her
employment duties is our exclusive property. Furthermore, our
know-how that is accessed by third parties through
collaborations and research and development contracts and
through our relationships with scientific consultants is
generally protected through confidentiality agreements with the
appropriate parties. We cannot, however, assure you these
protective arrangements will be honored by third parties,
including employees, suppliers, and collaborators, or that these
arrangements will effectively protect our rights relating to
unpatented proprietary information, trade secrets and know-how.
In addition, we cannot assure you that other parties will not
independently develop substantially equivalent proprietary
information and techniques or otherwise gain access to our
proprietary information and technologies.
15
We are aware of intellectual property, including European patent
No. EP-B-1176981,
in which Genentech has an ownership interest with claims
directed to the second medical use of an anti-CD20 antibody for
treatment of RA. On August 8, 2006, we filed an opposition
to this patent raising objections as to its validity. Subsequent
to the submission of our opposition, other parties filed
oppositions to the Genentech patent prior to August 30,
2006, including MedImmune, Inc., Genmab A/S, Centocor, Inc.,
Glaxo Group Limited, Serono S.A, and Wyeth. On
September 11, 2008 we announced that the Opposition
Division, or OD, of the EPO had revoked the European patent in
its entirety. On February 19, 2009, Genentech and Biogen
Idec appealed the decision. Final resolution of the opposition
proceedings will likely take a number of years. In addition to
its opposition, Glaxo Group Limited filed an action with the
United Kingdom High Court to revoke the U.K. counterpart of
EP-B-1176981. Wyeth also initiated a revocation action. On
May 19, 2008 the U.K. counterpart was revoked by Court
order.
The Genentech European patent claims the benefit of priority to
two U.S. provisional patent applications that are
unpublished and the status of which will remain confidential
unless a U.S. patent or patent application claiming
priority to the provisional patent applications publishes. In
the event any such corresponding U.S. patent issues, and if
our activities are determined to be covered by such a patent, we
cannot assure you that Genentech would be willing to grant us or
Wyeth a license on terms we or they would consider commercially
reasonable, if at all, which could prevent us from manufacturing
and marketing TRU-015 for the treatment of RA in the United
States and have a material adverse effect on our business,
financial condition, operating results and our collaboration
with Wyeth. The Genentech patent has also been applied for in
other countries including Japan, where the application is
pending.
Manufacturing
We do not currently own or operate manufacturing facilities for
the production of clinical or commercial quantities of our
product candidates. We currently rely on a small number of
third-party manufacturers to produce our compounds and expect to
continue to do so to meet the clinical requirements of our
product candidates and for all of our commercial needs. Our
product candidates are currently manufactured in mammalian cell
expression systems from readily available starting materials. To
the extent that TRU-015 and TRU-016 advance through clinical
trials, and to the extent we bring our future product candidates
into clinical trials and partner the development and
commercialization of any of the product candidates, we and our
existing and prospective partners will be required to assess the
manufacturing needs of the product candidates for clinical
requirements as well as for commercial production. We may need
to obtain one or more licenses to intellectual property rights
held by third parties in order to manufacture each of our
product candidates. While such licenses may be available, they
may not be available on terms that are commercially acceptable
to our existing or prospective partners or us. Should such
licenses prove unavailable, we or our existing or prospective
partners may choose to modify our manufacturing processes to use
alternative manufacturing methods. Such modifications may result
in greater expenditures of capital by us or our partners, delay
commercialization, or prevent us or our partners from
successfully commercializing our product candidates.
We have multiple potential sources for manufacturing our lead
product candidate, TRU-015. Wyeth manufactures TRU-015 and has
significant process development capabilities and extensive
commercial-scale production capabilities at numerous facilities
worldwide. Wyeths manufacturing commitment is contingent
upon the effectiveness of our collaboration agreement which they
may terminate without cause at any time upon 90 days
prior written notice. However, in the event we or Wyeth
terminate our collaboration agreement for certain reasons
specified in the collaboration agreement, Wyeth would have
limited manufacturing obligations to us. In addition to Wyeth,
we have entered into agreements with Lonza Biologics and related
entities for certain license rights related to Lonzas
manufacturing technology, research and development services, and
for the manufacture of TRU-015 as well as other product
candidates. We have reserved future manufacturing capacity from
Lonza under pre-specified terms and conditions, and this
capacity could be used in connection with TRU-015, TRU-016, or
other product candidates. As of December 31, 2008, we had
committed to purchase $2.1 million of manufacturing
services for TRU-016 from Lonza in 2009. Under our manufacturing
agreement with Lonza, we could incur cancellation fees if we
cancel production runs with insufficient advance notice.
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We rely and expect to continue to rely on a number of contract
manufacturers to produce sufficient quantities of our product
candidates in accordance with current good manufacturing
practices, or cGMP, for use in clinical trials. We will
ultimately depend on contract manufacturers for the manufacture
of our products for commercial sale. Contract manufacturers are
subject to extensive government regulation.
Government
Regulation
Government authorities in the United States at the federal,
state and local level, and other countries, extensively
regulate, among other things, the research, development,
testing, manufacture, labeling, promotion, advertising,
distribution, marketing, and export and import of
immunopharmaceutical products such as those we are developing.
United
States Government Regulation
In the United States the information that must be submitted to
the FDA in order to obtain approval to market a new drug varies
depending on whether the drug is a new product whose safety and
effectiveness has not previously been demonstrated in humans or
a drug whose active ingredient(s) and certain other properties
are the same as those of a previously approved drug. A new
biologic will follow the Biologics License Application, or BLA,
route for approval, a new drug will follow the New Drug
Application, or NDA, route for approval, and a drug that claims
to be the same as an already approved drug may be able to follow
the Abbreviated New Drug Application route for approval.
BLA
and NDA Approval Process
In the United States, the FDA regulates drugs and biologics
under the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, and, in the case
of biologics, also under the Public Health Service Act, and the
FDAs implementing regulations. If we fail to comply with
the applicable U.S. requirements at any time during the
product development process, approval process or after approval,
we may become subject to administrative or judicial sanctions.
These sanctions could include the FDAs refusal to approve
pending applications, license suspension or revocation,
withdrawal of an approval, a clinical hold, warning letters,
product recalls, product seizures, total or partial suspension
of production or distribution, injunctions, fines, civil
penalties or criminal prosecution. Any agency or judicial
enforcement action could have a material adverse effect on us.
The major steps required before a biologic drug may be marketed
in the United States include:
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completion of laboratory tests and animal studies under the
FDAs good laboratory practices regulations;
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submission to the FDA of an IND for human clinical testing,
which must become effective before human clinical trials may
begin;
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performance of adequate and well-controlled clinical trials to
establish the safety and efficacy of the product for each
indication;
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submission to the FDA of a BLA or NDA, which includes the
results of all required preclinical animal studies, laboratory
tests, clinical trials, and data relating to the products
pharmacology, chemistry, manufacture, and control;
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satisfactory completion of an FDA inspection of the
manufacturing facility or facilities at which the product is
produced to assess compliance with cGMP; and
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FDA review and approval of the BLA or NDA.
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Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluations of product
chemistry, toxicity and formulation, as well as animal studies.
An IND sponsor must submit the results of the preclinical tests,
together with manufacturing information and analytical data, to
the FDA as part of the IND. Long term preclinical tests, such as
animal tests for reproductive toxicity and carcinogenicity, may
continue after the IND is submitted. The IND must become
effective before human clinical trials may begin. An IND will
automatically become effective 30 days after receipt by the
FDA, unless before that time the FDA raises concerns or
questions about issues such as
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the conduct of the trials as outlined in the IND. In that case,
the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolve any outstanding FDA
concerns or questions before clinical trials can proceed.
Submission of an IND does not guarantee that the FDA will allow
clinical trials to commence. The FDA may order the temporary or
permanent discontinuation of a clinical trial at any time or
impose other sanctions if it believes that the clinical trial is
not being conducted in accordance with FDA requirements or
presents an unacceptable risk to the study subjects.
Clinical trials involve the administration of the
investigational product to human subjects under the supervision
of qualified investigators. Clinical trials must be conducted in
compliance with federal regulations, good clinical practices, or
GCPs, and under protocols detailing, among other things, the
objectives of the study, the parameters to be used in monitoring
safety, and the effectiveness criteria to be evaluated. Each
clinical protocol must be submitted to the FDA as part of the
IND.
Clinical trials typically are conducted in three sequential
phases, but the phases may overlap or be combined. Each trial
must be reviewed and approved by an independent institutional
review board, or IRB, before it can begin at that site. An IRB
may require the clinical trial be halted, either temporarily or
permanently, for failure to comply with the IRBs
requirements, or may impose other conditions.
Phase 1 clinical trials usually involve the initial introduction
of the investigational drug into humans to evaluate the
products safety, dosage tolerance and pharmacodynamics
and, if possible, to gain an early indication of its efficacy.
Phase 2 clinical trials usually involve controlled trials in a
limited patient population to:
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evaluate dosage tolerance and appropriate dosage;
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identify possible adverse effects and safety risks; and
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evaluate preliminarily the efficacy of the drug for specific
indications.
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Phase 3 clinical trials usually further evaluate clinical
efficacy and further test for safety in an expanded patient
population. Phase 1, Phase 2 and Phase 3 trials may not be
completed successfully within any specified period, if at all.
The FDA or we, or our partners may suspend or terminate clinical
trials at any time on various grounds, including a finding that
the subjects or patients are being exposed to an unacceptable
health risk. Prior to conducting Phase 3 trials, an applicant
may seek a special protocol assessment which is an agreement
between an applicant and the FDA on the design and size of
clinical trial(s) that is/are intended to form the basis of a
BLA or NDA.
Assuming successful completion of the required clinical trials,
the results of the preclinical studies and of the clinical
studies, together with other detailed information, including
information on the chemistry, manufacture, and control criteria
of the product, are submitted to the FDA in the form of a BLA or
NDA requesting approval to market the product for one or more
indications. The FDA reviews a BLA or NDA to determine, among
other things, whether the product is safe, pure, and potent and
whether the facility in which it is manufactured, processed,
packed, or held meets standards designed to assure the
products continued safety, purity and potency. The FDA
also reviews a BLA or NDA to determine whether a product is safe
and effective for its intended use.
Before approving an application, the FDA will inspect the
facility or the facilities at which the product is manufactured.
The FDA will not approve the product unless cGMP compliance is
satisfactory. If the FDA determines the application,
manufacturing process, or manufacturing facilities are not
acceptable, it will outline the deficiencies in the submission
and often will request additional testing or information.
Notwithstanding the submission of any requested additional
information, the FDA ultimately may decide that the application
does not satisfy the regulatory criteria for approval. Before
approving a BLA or NDA, the FDA will also typically inspect one
or more clinical sites to assure compliance with GCP.
The testing and approval process requires substantial time,
effort and financial resources, and each may take several years
to complete. The FDA may not grant approval on a timely basis,
if at all. We may encounter difficulties or unanticipated costs
in our efforts to secure necessary governmental approvals, which
could delay
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or preclude us from marketing our product candidates. The FDA
may limit the indications for use or place other conditions on
any approvals that could restrict the commercial application of
our product candidates. After approval, some types of changes to
the approved product, such as adding new indications,
manufacturing changes and additional labeling claims, are
subject to further FDA review and approval.
Priority
Review
The FDA has established priority and standard review
classifications for original BLAs and NDAs and efficacy
supplements. The classification of an application indicates the
anticipated time frame for FDA review of completed marketing
applications. The classification system, which does not preclude
the FDA from doing work on other projects, provides a way of
prioritizing certain BLAs and NDAs upon receipt and throughout
the FDA application review process.
Under FDA policies, a biologic or drug candidate is eligible for
priority review, or review within a
six-month
time frame from the time a complete BLA or NDA, as applicable,
is accepted for filing, if the drug candidate provides a
significant improvement compared to marketed drugs in the
treatment, diagnosis or prevention of a disease. Even if a BLA
or NDA is initially classified as a priority application, this
status can change during the FDA review process, such as in the
situation where another product is approved for the same disease
for which previously there was no available therapy. In
addition, priority review does not guarantee that a product
candidate will receive regulatory approval.
Post-Approval
Requirements
After regulatory approval of a product is obtained, we would be
required to comply with a number of post-approval requirements.
For example, as a condition of approval of a BLA or NDA, the FDA
may require post-marketing clinical studies and surveillance to
monitor the products safety or efficacy.
In addition, holders of an approved BLA or NDA are required to
report certain adverse reactions and production problems to the
FDA, to provide updated safety and efficacy information and to
comply with requirements concerning advertising and promotional
labeling for their products. Drugs may be marketed only for the
approved indications and in accordance with the provisions of
the approved labeling. Changes to some of the conditions
established in an approved application, including changes in
indications, labeling, or manufacturing processes or facilities,
require submission and FDA approval of a new BLA/NDA or BLA/NDA
supplement before the change can be implemented. A BLA/NDA
supplement for a new indication typically requires clinical data
similar to that in the original application, and the FDA uses
the same procedures and actions in reviewing BLA/NDA supplements
as it does in reviewing BLAs/NDAs.
Also, quality control and manufacturing procedures must continue
to conform to cGMP after approval. The FDA periodically inspects
manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with cGMP, which
imposes certain procedural, substantive and recordkeeping
requirements. Accordingly, biologics and drug companies and
their manufacturers must continue to expend time, money, and
effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain
compliance with cGMP and other aspects of regulatory compliance.
Foreign
Regulation
In addition to regulations in the United States, we will be
subject to a variety of foreign regulations governing clinical
trials and commercial sales and distribution of our product
candidates. Whether or not we obtain FDA approval for a product
candidate, we must obtain approval by the comparable regulatory
authorities of foreign countries before we can commence clinical
trials or marketing of the product candidate in those countries.
The approval process varies from country to country, and the
time may be longer or shorter than that required for FDA
approval. The requirements governing the conduct of clinical
trials, product licensing, pricing and reimbursement vary
greatly from country to country.
Under European Union regulatory systems, a marketing
authorization for a medical product derived from biotechnology
processes must be submitted under a centralized procedure. The
centralized procedure provides for the grant of a single
marketing authorization that is valid for all European Union
member states
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Reimbursement
Sales of biopharmaceutical products depend in significant part
on the availability of third-party reimbursement. Each
third-party payor may have its own policy regarding what
products it will cover, the conditions under which it will cover
such products, and how much it will pay for such products. It
will be time consuming and expensive for us to seek
reimbursement from third-party payors. Reimbursement may not be
available or sufficient to allow us to sell our products on a
competitive and profitable basis.
The passage of the Medicare Prescription Drug and Modernization
Act of 2003, or the MMA, sets forth the requirements for the
distribution and pricing of prescription drugs for Medicare
beneficiaries, which may affect the marketing of our products.
The MMA also introduced a new reimbursement methodology.
Moreover, while the MMA applies only to drug benefits for
Medicare beneficiaries, private payors often follow Medicare
coverage policy and payment limitations in setting their own
payment rates. Any reduction in payment that results from the
MMA may result in a similar reduction in payments from
non-governmental payors.
In addition, in some foreign countries, the proposed pricing for
a drug must be approved before it may be lawfully marketed. The
requirements governing drug pricing vary widely from country to
country. For example, the European Union provides options for
its member states to restrict the range of medicinal products
for which their national health insurance systems provide
reimbursement and to control the prices of medicinal products
for human use. A member state may approve a specific price for
the medicinal product or it may instead adopt a system of direct
or indirect controls on the profitability of the company placing
the medicinal product on the market.
We expect there will continue to be a number of federal and
state proposals to implement governmental pricing controls.
While we cannot predict whether such legislative or regulatory
proposals will be adopted, the adoption of such proposals could
have a material adverse effect on our business, financial
condition, and profitability.
Employees
As of December 31, 2008, we had 101 full-time
employees, 26 of whom held Ph.D. or M.D. degrees and 76 of whom
were engaged in full-time research and development activities.
In February 2009, as part of our efforts to reduce our operating
expenses through prioritization of our development portfolio and
streamlining our infrastructure, we announced a workforce
reduction of approximately 25%, which included the elimination
of certain existing positions across our research and
administrative functions. None of our employees are represented
by a labor union and we consider our employee relations to be
good.
Available
Information
Our corporate website address is www.trubion.com. We make
available free of charge on our website our annual, quarterly
and current reports as soon as reasonably practicable after we
electronically file such material with, or furnish it to, the
SEC. These SEC reports can be accessed through the
Investors section of our website. We also make
available on our website our corporate governance guidelines,
the charters for our audit committee, compensation committee,
and nominating and corporate governance committee, our
whistleblower and corporate communications policies and our code
of business conduct and ethics, and such information is
available in print to any stockholder of Trubion who requests
it. In addition, we intend to disclose on our website any
amendments to, or waivers from, our code of business conduct and
ethics that are required to be publicly disclosed pursuant to
rules of the SEC and The Nasdaq Global Market. The information
found on our corporate website is not, however, part of this or
any other report.
We were founded as a limited liability company in the state of
Washington in March 1999, and operated as a development-stage
company. We converted into a corporation and redomiciled in the
state of Delaware in October 2002.
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Investment in our common stock involves a high degree of risk
and uncertainty. You should carefully consider the risks
described below together with all of the other information
included in this annual report on
Form 10-K
as well as our quarterly reports on
Form 10-Q
and current reports on
Form 8-K.
The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only
ones facing us. If any of the following risks actually occurs,
our business, financial condition, or operating results could be
harmed. In such case, the trading price of our common stock
could decline, and investors in our common stock could lose all
or part of their investment.
Risks
Related to Our Business
If we
fail to obtain the capital necessary to fund our operations, we
may be unable to develop our product candidates and we could be
forced to share our rights to these product candidates with
third parties on terms that may not be favorable to
us.
We need large amounts of capital to support our research and
development efforts. Likewise, to further develop our lead
proprietary product candidate,TRU-016, and our preclinical
assets, we will need to raise additional funds. We may seek to
raise funds, through strategic partnerships, sell additional
equity or debt securities, or both, or incur other indebtedness.
If we are unable to raise additional capital in sufficient
amounts or on terms acceptable to us, we will be prevented from
pursuing research and development efforts and may elect to enter
into collaborations that could require us to share rights to our
product candidates to a greater extent than we currently intend
which could harm our business prospects and financial condition.
The sale of additional equity or debt securities, if
convertible, could result in the issuance of additional shares
of our capital stock and could result in dilution to our
stockholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in
increased fixed payment obligations and could also result in
certain restrictive covenants, such as limitations on our
ability to incur additional debt, limitations on our ability to
acquire or license intellectual property rights, and other
operating restrictions that could adversely impact our ability
to conduct our business. The capital markets have been
experiencing extreme losses and disruption for more than
12 months. The scope and extent of this disruption in the
capital markets could make it difficult or impossible to raise
additional capital in public or private capital markets until
conditions stabilize. Market volatility notwithstanding, we
cannot guarantee that future financing will be available in
sufficient amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.
We
have incurred operating losses in each year since our inception
and expect to continue to incur substantial and increasing
losses for the foreseeable future.
We have been engaged in designing and developing compounds and
product candidates since 1999 and have not generated any product
revenue to date. Our net losses were $25.6 million,
$23.3 million and $3.9 million in the years ended
December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. As of
December 31, 2008, we had an accumulated deficit of
$92.5 million. We expect our research and development
expenses to further increase as we continue to design and
develop compounds and product candidates. As a result, we expect
to continue to incur substantial and increasing losses for the
foreseeable future. We are uncertain when or if we will be able
to achieve or sustain profitability. Failure to become and
remain profitable would adversely affect the price of our common
stock and our ability to raise capital and continue operations.
In addition, our net operating loss carryforwards and credits
were substantially exhausted as a result of the payments we
received from Wyeth in January 2006 pursuant to our
collaboration agreement, and any remaining net operating loss
carryforwards and credits may be subject to an annual limitation
due to the change in ownership provisions of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and similar state law
provisions, which would have an adverse effect on our ability to
reduce future tax expenses.
Our
success depends on the success of our clinical product
candidates, TRU-015, TRU-016, and SBI-087, and we cannot be
certain that they will be safe or effective, complete clinical
trials, receive regulatory approval, or be successfully
commercialized.
Although our lead product candidate, TRU-015, has completed a
Phase 2b clinical trial for the treatment of rheumatoid
arthritis, or RA, additional clinical trials would be required
before we are able to submit a
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Biologic License Application, or BLA, to the FDA for approval.
In addition, our proprietary clinical candidate, TRU-016, and
our Wyeth collaboration clinical candidate, SBI-087, commenced
initial clinical testing in 2008 and as a result we do not yet
have any clinical trial results regarding the safety or efficacy
of either of these product candidates. Even if, based on the
results of the initial clinical trials for TRU-016 and SBI-087,
we, in the case of TRU-016, or Wyeth, in the case of SBI-087,
determine to proceed with further clinical testing, a number of
additional clinical trials will be required before a BLA can be
submitted to the FDA for product approval.
The regulatory approval process can take many years and require
the expenditure of substantial resources. We are a party to a
collaboration agreement with Wyeth pursuant to which Wyeth is
responsible for the regulatory approval process regarding, and
any subsequent commercialization of TRU-015 and SBI-087.
Ultimate decision-making authority as to most matters within the
collaboration, including development plans and timeline, is
vested with Wyeth. In addition to the risks and uncertainties
inherent in the regulatory approval process for TRU-015 and
SBI-087, Wyeth may not advance the development and
commercialization of TRU-015 and SBI-087 or either of these
product candidates as quickly as we would like, if at all. For
example, Wyeth has determined not to pursue TRU-015 for any
oncology indications and discontinued the TRU-015 Phase 1/2
clinical trial for the treatment of non-Hodgkins lymphoma,
or NHL, that it had initiated in December 2007.
Clinical trials involving the number of sites and patients
required for FDA approval of TRU-015 for RA, SBI-087 for RA or
SLE or TRU-016 for CLL or NHL may not be successfully completed.
If these clinical trials are not completed or their results do
not meet safety and efficacy thresholds required by the FDA,
these product candidates will likely not receive regulatory
approval. Even if any of these product candidates receive
regulatory approval, the approved product candidate may never be
successfully commercialized. If our product candidates do not
receive regulatory approval or are not successfully
commercialized, we may not be able to generate revenue, or
become profitable, which would negatively affect our ability to
continue operations.
We
depend on our collaborative relationship with Wyeth to develop,
manufacture, and commercialize TRU-015, SBI-087, and other
selected product candidates.
In addition to our collaboration agreement with Wyeth for the
development and worldwide commercialization of TRU-015 and other
therapeutics directed to CD20, we are also collaborating with
Wyeth on the development and worldwide commercialization of
certain other product candidates directed to a small number of
targets other than CD20 that have been established pursuant to
the agreement. In addition, we have the option to co-promote
with Wyeth, on customary terms to be agreed, CD20-directed
therapies in the United States for niche indications. Although
Wyeth is responsible for developing, manufacturing, and
commercializing product candidates directed to collaboration
targets, including CD20, and for the costs associated with such
activities, we were obligated to complete the Phase 2b clinical
trial, and are obligated to conduct re-treatment studies in RA,
and may be obligated to conduct niche indication registration
studies for CD20-directed therapies. Any future payments,
including royalties to us, will depend on the extent to which we
and Wyeth advance product candidates through development and
commercialization. Wyeth may terminate the collaboration
relationship, in whole or in part, without cause, by giving
90 days written notice to us. Wyeth also has the
right to terminate the agreement, on a
target-by-target
basis, upon 60 days written notice, if any safety or
regulatory issue arises that would have a material adverse
effect on Wyeths ability to develop, manufacture, or
commercialize one or more product candidates.
Our ability to receive any significant revenue from our product
candidates covered by the collaboration agreement depends on the
efforts of Wyeth and on our ability to collaborate effectively.
With respect to control over decisions and responsibilities, the
collaboration agreement provides for a research committee and a
CD20-directed therapy development committee consisting of
representatives of Wyeth and us. Ultimate decision-making
authority as to most matters within the collaboration, including
development plans and timelines, however, is vested in Wyeth. On
March 27, 2008, we announced that Wyeth had determined not
to proceed with CD20-directed therapies for oncology
indications, and, as a result, discontinued clinical development
of TRU-015 for NHL. We also announced that Wyeth no longer
intends to evaluate TRU-015 in a Phase 1 study in patients with
kidney disease caused by lupus.
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Wyeth has the right to develop multiple product candidates
against the targets licensed to it under our collaboration.
Wyeth has begun clinical development of SBI-087, another
CD20-directed therapy, for RA and has filed an IND for the
evaluation of SBI-087 for SLE. If Wyeth later determines not to
continue developing two CD20-directed therapies, Wyeth could
decide to discontinue efforts to further develop TRU-015.
SBI-087 is at an earlier stage in clinical development than
TRU-015 and, as a result the time until potential
commercialization of a product resulting from our collaboration
with Wyeth, would likely be delayed by a decision by Wyeth to
develop SBI-087 instead of TRU-015, which could adversely affect
our business and cause the price of our common stock to decline.
Under our collaboration agreement with Wyeth, Wyeth has the
option to extend the funded research period of the agreement for
one additional year, until December 22, 2010. If Wyeth
exercises this option, Wyeth would be obligated to pay us
approximately $3.4 million in research funding for the
period from December 23, 2009 until December 22, 2010.
We cannot assure you that Wyeth will continue the collaboration
agreement in whole or in part. In addition, the pending
acquisition of Wyeth by Pfizer could adversely affect the
likelihood that Wyeth will exercise its option to extend the
funded research period and continue its efforts to further
develop anti-CD20 therapies.
We cannot assure you that Wyeth will fulfill its obligations
under the agreement, or will develop and commercialize our
product candidates as quickly as we would like, if at all. If
Wyeth terminates the agreement or fails to fulfill its
obligations under the agreement, we would need to obtain the
capital necessary to fund the development and commercialization
of our product candidates or enter into alternative arrangements
with a third party. We could also become involved in disputes
with Wyeth, which could lead to delays in or termination of our
development and commercialization programs and time-consuming
and expensive litigation or arbitration. If Wyeth terminates or
breaches its agreement with us, or otherwise fails to complete
its obligations in a timely manner, our collaboration product
development programs would be substantially delayed and the
chances of successfully developing or commercializing our
collaboration product candidates would be materially and
adversely affected.
The
pending acquisition of Wyeth by Pfizer could have an adverse
effect on our collaboration with Wyeth or on our development of
TRU-015, SBI-087 and other products in development under the
Wyeth collaboration agreement.
In January 2009, Pfizer and Wyeth announced that they have
entered into a merger agreement pursuant to which Pfizer will
acquire Wyeth. Pfizer and Wyeth announced that they expect the
merger to close in late Q3 2009 or early Q4 2009. If this
transaction closes, subject to the change of control and
divestiture provisions of the collaboration agreement discussed
more fully in Business Our Strategic
Collaboration with Wyeth, Pfizer would assume all of
Wyeths rights and obligations under the collaboration
agreement with us and become our partner for the development of
TRU-015, SBI-087 and other products in development under the
collaboration agreement. As Wyeths successor in interest,
Pfizer will have ultimate decision-making authority regarding
development of TRU-015, SBI-087 and other products in
development under the collaboration agreement. We have no
history or existing relationship with Pfizer and, as a result,
we cannot predict how or whether Pfizer will proceed with the
collaboration or the development of these products. If Pfizer
determines to delay, limit or abandon the development of TRU-015
or SBI-087, our business would be adversely affected.
Our
success is dependent on the proper management of our current and
future business operations, and the expenses associated with
them.
Our business strategy requires us to manage our operations to
provide for the continued development and potential
commercialization of our product candidates and to manage our
expenses generated by these activities. In an effort to reduce
costs, we announced in February 2009 a workforce reduction of
approximately 25%, which included the elimination of certain
existing positions across our research and administrative
functions. As a result of this reduction in force, we expect to
record a restructuring charge of approximately $0.8 million
in the first quarter of 2009. We continue to believe that strict
cost containment in the near term is essential if our current
funds are to be sufficient to allow us to continue our currently
planned operations.
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If we are unable to effectively manage our current operations,
we may not be able to implement our business strategy and our
financial condition and results of operations may be adversely
affected. If we are unable to effectively manage our expenses,
we may find it necessary to reduce our expenses through another
reduction in our workforce, which could adversely affect our
operations.
Our
restructuring may place additional strain on our resources and
may harm the morale and performance of our
personnel.
Our restructuring plan resulted in a workforce reduction of
approximately 25%. Following the workforce reduction, we had
approximately 76 employees at our facility in Seattle,
Washington. Our restructuring plan may yield unanticipated
consequences such as attrition beyond our planned reduction in
workforce. This workforce reduction could place significant
strain on our administrative, operational and financial
resources and result in increased responsibilities for certain
personnel. As a result, our ability to respond to unexpected
challenges may be impaired and we may be unable to take
advantage of new opportunities. In addition, certain of the
terminated employees possess specific knowledge or expertise,
and that knowledge or expertise may prove to have been important
to our operations. In that case, their absence may create
significant difficulties. In addition, this headcount reduction
may subject us to the risk of litigation, which could result in
substantial costs to us and could divert managements time
and attention away from business operations.
We
currently rely on third-party manufacturers to supply our
product candidates and will rely on third-party manufacturers to
manufacture our product candidates in commercial quantities,
which could delay or prevent the clinical development and future
commercialization of our product candidates.
We currently depend on Wyeth for the supply of TRU-015 and
SBI-087. We also currently depend on contract manufacturers for
certain biopharmaceutical development and manufacturing services
for TRU-016, our proprietary product candidate. Any disruption
in production, inability of these third-party manufacturers to
produce adequate quantities to meet our needs, or other
impediments with respect to development or manufacturing could
adversely affect our ability to successfully complete clinical
trials, delay submissions of our regulatory applications, or
adversely affect our ability to commercialize our product
candidates in a timely manner, if at all.
Our product candidates have not yet been manufactured for
commercial use. If any of our product candidates becomes a
product approved for commercial sale, in order to supply our or
our collaborators commercial requirements for such an
approved product, the third-party manufacturer may need to
increase its manufacturing capacity, which may require the
manufacturer to fund capital improvements to support the
scale-up of
manufacturing and related activities. The third-party
manufacturer may not be able to successfully increase its
manufacturing capacity for such an approved product in a timely
or economic manner, if at all. If any manufacturer is unable to
provide commercial quantities of such an approved product, we
will have to successfully transfer manufacturing technology to a
new manufacturer. Engaging a new manufacturer for such an
approved product could require us to conduct comparative studies
or utilize other means to determine bioequivalence of the new
and prior manufacturers products, which could delay or
prevent our ability to commercialize such an approved product.
If any of these manufacturers is unable or unwilling to increase
its manufacturing capacity or if we are unable to establish
alternative arrangements on a timely basis or on acceptable
terms, the development and commercialization of such an approved
product may be delayed or there may be a shortage in supply. Any
inability to manufacture our products in sufficient quantities
when needed would seriously harm our business.
Any manufacturer of our product candidates and approved
products, if any, must comply with cGMP requirements enforced by
the FDA through its facilities inspection program. These
requirements include quality control, quality assurance, and the
maintenance of records and documentation. Manufacturers of our
product candidates and approved products, if any, may be unable
to comply with these cGMP requirements and with other FDA,
state, and foreign regulatory requirements. We have little
control over our manufacturers compliance with these
regulations and standards. A failure to comply with these
requirements may result in fines and civil penalties, suspension
of production, suspension or delay in product approval, product
seizure or recall, or withdrawal of product approval. If the
safety of any quantities supplied is compromised due to our
24
manufacturers failure to adhere to applicable laws or for
other reasons, we may not be able to obtain regulatory approval
for or successfully commercialize our products, which would
seriously harm our business.
We
cannot assure you any of our product candidates will be safe or
effective, or receive regulatory approval.
The clinical trials and the manufacturing of our product
candidates are, and marketing of our products will be, subject
to extensive and rigorous review and regulation by numerous
government authorities in the United States and in other
countries where we intend to test and market our product
candidates. Before obtaining regulatory approvals for the
commercial sale of any product candidate, we must demonstrate
through preclinical testing and clinical trials that the product
candidate is safe and effective for use in each target
indication. This process can take many years and require the
expenditure of substantial resources, and may include
post-marketing studies and surveillance. To date, we have not
successfully demonstrated in clinical trials safety or efficacy
sufficient for regulatory approval. Although our lead product
candidate, TRU-015, has completed a Phase 2b clinical trial for
the treatment of RA, additional clinical trials would be
required before we are able to submit a BLA to the FDA for
approval. In addition, our proprietary clinical candidate
TRU-016 and our Wyeth collaboration clinical candidate SBI-087
commenced initial clinical testing in 2008 and as a result we do
not yet have any clinical trial results regarding the safety or
efficacy of either of these product candidates. Even if, based
on the results of the initial clinical trials for TRU-016 and
SBI-087, we, in the case of TRU-016, or Wyeth, in the case of
SBI-087, determine to proceed with further clinical testing, a
number of additional clinical trials will be required before a
BLA can be submitted to the FDA for product approval. The
results from preclinical testing and clinical trials that we
have completed may not be predictive of results in future
preclinical tests and clinical trials, and we cannot assure you
we will demonstrate sufficient safety and efficacy to seek or
obtain the requisite regulatory approvals. A number of companies
in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries have suffered
significant setbacks in advanced clinical trials, even after
promising results in earlier trials. All of our other product
candidates remain in the discovery and pre-clinical testing
stages. We may also encounter delays or rejections due to
additional government regulation from future legislation,
administrative action, or changes in FDA policy. We cannot
assure you regulatory approval will be obtained for any of our
product candidates, and even if the FDA approves a product, the
approval will be limited to those indications covered in the
approval. If our current product candidates are not shown to be
safe and effective in clinical trials, the resulting delays in
developing other product candidates and conducting related
preclinical testing and clinical trials, as well as the
potential need for additional financing, would have a material
adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and
operating results. If we are unable to discover or successfully
develop drugs that are effective and safe in humans and receive
regulatory approval, we will not have a viable business. We do
not expect any of our current product candidates to be
commercially available in major markets before 2012, if at all.
Any
failure or delay in commencing or completing clinical trials for
product candidates could severely harm our
business.
Each of our product candidates must undergo extensive
preclinical studies and clinical trials as a condition to
regulatory approval. Preclinical studies and clinical trials are
expensive and take many years to complete. To date we have not
initiated any Phase 3 clinical trials of any product candidate.
The commencement and completion of clinical trials for our
product candidates may be delayed by many factors, including:
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having the capital resources available to fund additional
clinical trials;
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our or our collaborators ability to obtain regulatory
approval to commence a clinical trial;
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our or our collaborators ability to manufacture or obtain
from third parties materials sufficient for use in preclinical
studies and clinical trials;
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delays in patient enrollment and variability in the number and
types of patients available for clinical trials;
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poor effectiveness of product candidates during clinical trials;
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25
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unforeseen safety issues or side effects;
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governmental or regulatory delays related to clinical trials,
including trial design, results, and materials supply;
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changes in regulatory requirements, policy, and
guidelines; and
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varying interpretation of data by us, any or all of our
collaborators, the FDA, and similar foreign regulatory agencies.
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It is possible that none of our product candidates will complete
the required clinical trials in any of the markets in which we
or our collaborators intend to commercialize those product
candidates. Accordingly, we or our collaborators may not seek or
receive the regulatory approvals necessary to market our product
candidates. Any failure or delay in commencing or completing
clinical trials or obtaining regulatory approvals for product
candidates would prevent or delay their commercialization and
severely harm our business and financial condition.
We
rely on third parties to conduct our clinical trials. If these
third parties do not perform as contractually required or
otherwise expected, we may not be able to obtain regulatory
approval for or commercialize our product
candidates.
We do not currently have the ability to conduct clinical trials
and we must rely on third parties, such as contract research
organizations, medical institutions, clinical investigators, and
contract laboratories, to conduct our clinical trials. We have,
in the ordinary course of business, entered into agreements with
these third parties. Nonetheless, we are responsible for
confirming that each of our clinical trials is conducted in
accordance with its general investigational plan and protocol.
Moreover, the FDA requires us to comply with regulations and
standards, commonly referred to as good clinical practices, for
conducting, recording, and reporting the results of clinical
trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and
accurate and that the trial participants are adequately
protected. Our reliance on third parties does not relieve us of
these responsibilities and requirements. If these third parties
do not successfully carry out their contractual duties or
regulatory obligations or meet expected deadlines, if the third
parties need to be replaced or if the quality or accuracy of the
data they obtain is compromised due to the failure to adhere to
our clinical protocols or regulatory requirements or for other
reasons, our clinical trials may be extended, delayed,
suspended, or terminated, and we may not be able to obtain
regulatory approval for our product candidates.
If we
enter into additional strategic partnerships, such as our
relationship with Wyeth, we may be required to relinquish
important rights to and control over the development of our
product candidates or otherwise be subject to terms unfavorable
to us.
If we enter into any strategic partnerships, we will be subject
to a number of risks, including:
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we may not be able to control the amount and timing of resources
that our strategic partners devote to the development or
commercialization of product candidates;
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strategic partners may delay clinical trials, design clinical
trials in a manner with which we do not agree, provide
insufficient funding, terminate a clinical trial or abandon a
product candidate, repeat or conduct new clinical trials, or
require a new version of a product candidate for clinical
testing;
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strategic partners may not pursue further development and
commercialization of products resulting from the strategic
partnering arrangement or may elect to discontinue research and
development programs;
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strategic partners may not commit adequate resources to the
marketing and distribution of any future products, limiting our
potential revenues from these products;
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disputes may arise between us and our strategic partners that
result in the delay or termination of the research, development,
or commercialization of our product candidates or that result in
costly litigation or arbitration that diverts managements
attention and consumes resources;
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strategic partners may experience financial difficulties;
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26
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strategic partners may not properly maintain or defend our
intellectual property rights or may use our proprietary
information in a manner that could jeopardize or invalidate our
proprietary information or expose us to potential litigation;
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business combinations or significant changes in a strategic
partners business strategy may also adversely affect a
strategic partners willingness or ability to complete its
obligations under any arrangement;
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strategic partners could independently move forward with a
competing product candidate developed either independently or in
collaboration with others, including our competitors; and
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strategic partners could terminate the arrangement or allow it
to expire, which would delay the development and may increase
the cost of developing our product candidates.
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The occurrence of any of these risks could negatively impact the
development of our product candidates which would have an
adverse impact on our business prospects.
Our
relationship with Wyeth may have a negative effect on our
ability to enter into beneficial relationships with third
parties.
In December 2005 we entered into a collaboration agreement with
Wyeth for the development and worldwide commercialization of
TRU-015 and other CD20-directed therapeutics. We are also
collaborating with Wyeth on the development and worldwide
commercialization of certain other product candidates directed
to a small number of targets other than CD20 that have been
established pursuant to the agreement. Companies other than
Wyeth that may be interested in developing products with us may
be less inclined to do so because of our relationship with
Wyeth, or because of the perception that development programs
that Wyeth does not participate in are less promising programs.
If our ability to work with present or future strategic partners
or collaborators is adversely affected as a result of our
collaboration agreement with Wyeth, our business prospects may
be limited and our financial condition may be adversely affected.
If our
technology or our product candidates conflict with the rights of
others we may not be able to manufacture or market our product
candidates, which could have a material adverse effect on us and
on our collaboration agreement with Wyeth.
Our commercial success will depend in part on not infringing the
patents or violating the proprietary rights of third parties.
Issued patents held by others may limit our ability to
develop commercial products. All issued patents are entitled to
a presumption of validity under U.S. laws. If we need
licenses to such patents to permit us to manufacture, develop,
or market our product candidates we may be required to pay
significant fees or royalties, and we cannot be certain that we
would be able to obtain such licenses. Competitors or third
parties may obtain patents that may cover subject matter we use
in developing the technology required to bring our products to
market, producing our products, or treating patients with our
products. We know that others have filed patent applications in
various jurisdictions that relate to several areas in which we
are developing products. Some of these patent applications have
already resulted in patents and some are still pending. We may
be required to alter our processes or product candidates, pay
licensing fees, or cease activities. For example, certain parts
of our
SMIPtm
product technology, including the current expression system
responsible for the production of the recombinant proteins used
in our product candidates and certain nucleic acids, originated
from third-party sources. These third-party sources include
academic, government, and other research laboratories, as well
as the public domain. If use of technology incorporated into or
used to produce our product candidates is challenged, or if our
processes or product candidates conflict with patent rights of
others, third parties could bring legal actions against us in
Europe, the United States, and elsewhere claiming damages and
seeking to enjoin manufacturing and marketing of the affected
products. Additionally, it is not possible to predict with
certainty what patent claims may issue from pending
applications. In the United States, for example, patent
prosecution can proceed in secret prior to issuance of a patent.
As a result, third parties may be able to obtain patents with
claims relating to our product candidates which they could
attempt to assert against us. Further, as we develop our
products, third parties may assert that we infringe the patents
currently held or licensed by them and we cannot predict the
outcome of any such action.
27
We are aware of previously filed U.S. patent applications
owned by Genentech and Biogen Idec, which patent applications
are related to a revoked European patent that was generally
directed to the use of an anti-CD20 antibody for the treatment
of RA. On September 11, 2008, we announced that the OD of
the EPO had revoked the European patent in its entirety. On
February 19, 2009, Genentech and Biogen Idec appealed the
decision to the Board of Appeals of the EPO. If Genentech and
Biogen Idec succeed in their appeal of the ODs decision
the opposition proceeding will be reopened before the OD. If
upon these further proceedings the European patent is held to be
valid, either as amended prior to the OD hearing or with a more
limited scope, and if our activities are determined to be
covered by that patent, we cannot assure you that Genentech
would be willing to grant us or Wyeth a license on terms we or
they would consider commercially reasonable, if at all. As a
consequence, we and Wyeth could be prevented from manufacturing
and marketing TRU-015 or SBI-087 for the treatment of RA in the
designated and extended states of the European Patent Convention
where the patent is validated, which could have a material
adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and
operating results. The revoked Genentech European patent claimed
the benefit of priority to two U.S. provisional patent
applications that are unpublished and the status of which will
remain confidential unless a U.S. patent or patent
application claiming priority to the provisional patent
applications publishes. In the event any such U.S. patent
issues, and if our activities are determined to be covered by
such a patent, we cannot assure you Genentech would be willing
to grant us or Wyeth a license on terms we or they would
consider commercially reasonable, if at all, which could prevent
us from manufacturing and marketing TRU-015 or SBI-087 for the
treatment of RA in the United States, and have a material
adverse effect on our business, financial condition, operating
results, and our collaboration with Wyeth.
If we
are unable to obtain, maintain, and enforce our proprietary
rights, we may not be able to compete effectively or operate
profitably.
Our success depends in part on obtaining, maintaining, and
enforcing our patents and other proprietary rights, and will
depend in large part on our ability to:
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obtain and maintain patent and other proprietary protection for
our technology, processes, and product candidates;
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enforce patents once issued and defend those patents if their
enforceability is challenged;
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preserve trade secrets; and
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operate without infringing the patents and proprietary rights of
third parties.
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The degree of future protection for our proprietary rights is
uncertain. For example:
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we might not have been the first to make the inventions claimed
in our patents, if issued, or disclosed in our pending patent
applications;
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we might not have been the first to file patent applications for
these inventions;
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others may independently develop similar or alternative
technologies or duplicate any of our technologies;
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it is possible that none of our pending patent applications will
result in issued patents or, if issued, these patents may not be
sufficient to protect our technology or provide us with a basis
for commercially viable products, and may not provide us with
any competitive advantages;
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if our pending applications issue as patents, they may be
challenged by third parties as not infringed, invalid, or
unenforceable under U.S. or foreign laws;
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if issued, the patents under which we hold rights may not be
valid or enforceable; or
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we may develop additional proprietary technologies that are not
patentable and that may not be adequately protected through
trade secrets, if, for example, a competitor were to
independently develop duplicative, similar, or alternative
technologies.
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28
The patent position of biotechnology and pharmaceutical firms is
highly uncertain and involves many complex legal and technical
issues. There is no clear policy involving the breadth of claims
allowed in patents or the degree of protection afforded under
patents. Although we believe our potential rights under patent
applications provide a competitive advantage, we cannot assure
you that patent applications owned by or licensed to us will
result in patents being issued or that, if issued, the patents
will give us an advantage over competitors with similar
technology, nor can we assure you that we can obtain, maintain,
and enforce all ownership and other proprietary rights necessary
to develop and commercialize our product candidates.
Even if any or all of our patent applications issue as patents,
others may challenge the validity, inventorship, ownership,
enforceability, or scope of our patents or other technology used
in or otherwise necessary for the development and
commercialization of our product candidates. Further, we cannot
assure you that any such challenge would not be successful.
Moreover, the cost of litigation to uphold the validity of
patents to prevent infringement or to otherwise protect our
proprietary rights can be substantial. If the outcome of
litigation is adverse to us, third parties may be able to use
the challenged technologies without payment to us. We cannot
assure you that our patents, if issued, will not be infringed or
successfully avoided through design innovation. Intellectual
property lawsuits are expensive and would consume time and other
resources, even if the outcome were successful. In addition,
there is a risk that a court would decide that our patents, if
issued, are not valid and that we do not have the right to stop
the other party from using the inventions. There is also the
risk that, even if the validity of a patent were upheld, a court
would refuse to stop the other party from using the inventions,
including on the ground that its activities do not infringe that
patent. If any of these events were to occur, our business,
financial condition, and operating results would be materially
adversely affected.
We also will rely on current and future trademarks to establish
and maintain recognized brands. If we fail to acquire and
protect such trademarks, our ability to market and sell our
products, and therefore our business, financial condition and
operating results, would be materially adversely affected. For
example, in November 2005, Merck KGaA filed a proceeding with
the Office for Harmonisation in the Internal Market opposing our
European registration of the trademark TRUBION and seeking to
place certain restrictions on the identification of goods,
services, and channels of trade description in our European
trademark registration. Merck claims rights resulting from its
prior trademark registration of TRIBION HARMONIS. Our appeal to
the opposition was dismissed by the Board of Appeals. We have
filed an action with the Court of First Instance of the European
Communities to annul the Board decision. We intend to continue
challenging the opposition vigorously; however, if we are unable
to effectively defend against the opposition, we may be
prohibited from using the TRUBION trademark in certain European
Union jurisdictions, which could have an adverse effect on our
ability to promote the Trubion brand in those jurisdictions.
In addition to the intellectual property and other rights
described above, we also rely on unpatented technology, trade
secrets, and confidential information, particularly when we do
not believe that patent or trademark protection is appropriate
or available. Trade secrets are difficult to protect and we
cannot assure you that others will not independently develop
substantially equivalent information and techniques or otherwise
gain access to or disclose our unpatented technology, trade
secrets, and confidential information. In addition, we cannot
assure you that the steps we take with employees, consultants,
and advisors will provide effective protection of our
confidential information or, in the event of unauthorized use of
our intellectual property or the intellectual property of third
parties, provide adequate or effective remedies or protection.
We may
incur substantial costs as a result of litigation or other
proceedings relating to patent and other intellectual property
rights.
There has been significant litigation in the biotechnology
industry over patents and other proprietary rights, and if we
become involved in any litigation it could consume a substantial
portion of our resources, regardless of the outcome of the
litigation. Some of our competitors may be better able to
sustain the costs of complex patent litigation because they have
substantially greater resources. If these legal actions are
successful, in addition to any potential liability for damages,
we could be required to obtain a license, grant cross-licenses,
and pay substantial royalties in order to continue to
manufacture or market the affected products. We cannot assure
you we would prevail in any legal action or that any license
required under a third-party patent would be made available on
acceptable terms, if at all. In addition, uncertainties
resulting
29
from the initiation and continuation of any litigation could
have a material adverse effect on our ability to continue our
operations. Ultimately we could be prevented from
commercializing a product or be forced to cease some aspect of
our business operations as a result of claims of patent
infringement or violation of other intellectual property rights,
which could have a material adverse effect on our business,
financial condition, and operating results. Should third parties
file patent applications, or be issued patents claiming
technology also claimed by us in pending applications, we may be
required to participate in interference proceedings in the
United States Patent and Trademark Office to determine priority
of invention, which could result in substantial costs to us and
an adverse decision as to the priority of our inventions. An
unfavorable outcome in an interference proceeding could require
us to cease using the technology or to license rights from
prevailing third parties. We cannot assure you that any
prevailing party would offer us a license or that we could
acquire any license made available to us on commercially
acceptable terms.
We
face substantial competition, which may result in others
discovering, developing, or commercializing products before, or
more successfully than, we do.
Our future success depends on our ability to demonstrate and
maintain a competitive advantage with respect to the design,
development, and commercialization of our product candidates. We
expect any product candidate that we commercialize with our
collaborative partners, or on our own, will compete with other
products.
Product Candidates for Autoimmune and Inflammatory
Diseases. If approved for the treatment of RA, we
anticipate that our product candidates would compete with other
marketed protein therapeutics for the treatment of RA,
including:
Rituxan®
(Genentech, Biogen Idec, and Roche),
Enbrel®
(Amgen and Wyeth),
Remicade®
(JNJ and Schering-Plough),
Humira®
(Abbott), and
Orencia®
(BMS). If approved for the treatment of SLE, our product
candidates may compete with other therapies.
Product Candidates for B-cell Malignancies. If
approved for the treatment of CLL, NHL, or other B-cell
malignancies, we anticipate that our product candidates would
compete with other B-cell depleting therapies. While we are not
aware of any CD37-directed therapeutics in development or on the
market, other biologic therapies are marketed for the treatment
of NHL or CLL or both, such as
Rituxan/Mabthera®
(Genentech, Biogen Idec, and Roche),
Zevalin®
(Cell Therapeutics, Inc., Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and
Bayer Schering AG),
Bexxar®
(GSK), and
Campath®
(Genzyme and Bayer Schering AG).
Many of our potential competitors have substantially greater
financial, technical, manufacturing, marketing and personnel
resources than we have. In addition, many of these competitors
have significantly greater commercial infrastructures than we
have. Our ability to compete successfully will depend largely on
our ability to:
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design and develop products that are superior to other products
in the market;
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attract and retain qualified scientific, medical, product
development, commercial, and sales and marketing personnel;
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obtain patent
and/or other
proprietary protection for our processes, product candidates,
and technologies;
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operate without infringing the patents and proprietary rights of
third parties;
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obtain required regulatory approvals; and
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successfully collaborate with others in the design, development,
and commercialization of new products.
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Established competitors may invest heavily to quickly discover
and develop novel compounds that could make our product
candidates obsolete. In addition, any new product that competes
with a generic market-leading product must demonstrate
compelling advantages in efficacy, convenience, tolerability,
and safety in order to overcome severe price competition and to
be commercially successful. If we are not able to compete
effectively against our current and future competitors, our
business will not grow, and our financial condition and
operating results will suffer.
30
We may
fail to select or capitalize on the most scientifically,
clinically, or commercially promising or profitable product
candidates.
We have limited technical, managerial, and financial resources
to determine which of our product candidates should proceed to
initial clinical trials, later-stage clinical development, and
potential commercialization and, further, we may make incorrect
determinations. Our decisions to allocate our research and
development, management, and financial resources toward
particular product candidates or therapeutic areas may not lead
to the development of viable commercial products and may divert
resources from better opportunities. Similarly, our decisions to
delay or terminate drug development programs may also be
incorrect and could cause us to miss valuable opportunities.
Even
if our product candidates receive regulatory approval, they
could be subject to restrictions or withdrawal from the market
and we may be subject to penalties if we fail to comply with
regulatory requirements or if we experience unanticipated
problems with our products.
Any product candidate for which we receive regulatory approval,
together with the manufacturing processes, post-approval
clinical data, and advertising and promotional activities for
such product, will be subject to continued review and regulation
by the FDA and other regulatory agencies. Even if regulatory
approval of a product candidate is granted, the approval may be
subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the
product candidate may be marketed or on the conditions of
approval, or contain requirements for costly post-marketing
testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of
the product candidate. Later discovery of previously unknown
problems with our products or their manufacture, or failure to
comply with regulatory requirements, may result in, among other
things:
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restrictions on the products or manufacturing processes;
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withdrawal of the products from the market;
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voluntary or mandatory recalls;
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fines;
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suspension of regulatory approvals;
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product seizures; or
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injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.
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If we are slow or otherwise unable to adapt to changes in
existing regulatory requirements, we may lose marketing approval
for any products that may be approved in the future.
Failure
to obtain regulatory approval in foreign jurisdictions would
prevent us from marketing our products
internationally.
We intend to have our product candidates marketed outside the
United States. In order to market our products in the European
Union and many other
non-U.S. jurisdictions,
we must obtain separate regulatory approvals and comply with
numerous and varying regulatory requirements. To date, we have
not filed for marketing approval of any of our product
candidates and may not receive the approvals necessary to
commercialize our product candidates in any market. The approval
procedure varies among countries and can involve additional
testing and data review. The time required to obtain foreign
regulatory approval may differ from that required to obtain FDA
approval. The foreign regulatory approval process may include
all of the risks associated with obtaining FDA approval, or may
include different or additional risks. We may not obtain foreign
regulatory approvals on a timely basis, if at all. Approval by
the FDA does not ensure approval by regulatory agencies in other
countries, and approval by one foreign regulatory authority does
not ensure approval by regulatory agencies in other foreign
countries or by the FDA. A failure or delay in obtaining
regulatory approval in one jurisdiction may have a negative
effect on the regulatory approval process in other
jurisdictions, including approval by the FDA. The failure to
obtain regulatory approval in foreign jurisdictions could
seriously harm our business.
31
Our
product candidates may never achieve market acceptance even if
we obtain regulatory approvals.
Even if we obtain regulatory approvals for the commercial sale
of our product candidates, the commercial success of these
product candidates will depend on, among other things, their
acceptance by physicians, patients, third-party payors, and
other members of the medical community as a therapeutic and
cost-effective alternative to competing products and treatments.
If our product candidates fail to gain market acceptance, we may
be unable to earn sufficient revenue to continue our business.
Market acceptance of, and demand for, any product that we may
develop and commercialize will depend on many factors, including:
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our ability to provide acceptable evidence of safety and
efficacy;
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the prevalence and severity of adverse side effects;
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availability, relative cost, and relative efficacy of
alternative and competing treatments;
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the effectiveness of our marketing and distribution strategy;
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publicity concerning our products or competing products and
treatments; and
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our ability to obtain sufficient third-party insurance coverage
or reimbursement.
|
If our product candidates do not become widely accepted by
physicians, patients, third-party payors, and other members of
the medical community, our business, financial condition, and
operating results would be materially adversely affected.
If we
are unable to establish a sales and marketing infrastructure or
enter into collaborations with partners to perform these
functions, we will not be able to commercialize our product
candidates.
We currently do not have any internal sales, marketing, or
distribution capabilities. In order to commercialize any of our
product candidates that are approved for commercial sale, we
must either acquire or internally develop a sales, marketing,
and distribution infrastructure or enter into collaborations
with partners able to perform these services for us. In December
2005, we entered into a collaboration agreement with Wyeth to
develop and commercialize therapeutics directed to the CD20
protein and other targets. If we do not enter into
collaborations with respect to product candidates not covered by
the Wyeth collaboration, or if any of our product candidates are
the subject of collaborations with partners that are not able to
commercialize such product candidates, we will need to acquire
or internally develop a sales, marketing, and distribution
infrastructure. Factors that may inhibit our efforts to
commercialize our product candidates without partners that are
able to commercialize the product candidates include:
|
|
|
| |
|
our inability to recruit and retain adequate numbers of
effective sales and marketing personnel;
|
| |
| |
|
the inability of sales personnel to obtain access to or persuade
adequate numbers of physicians to prescribe our products;
|
| |
| |
|
the lack of complementary products to be offered by sales
personnel, which may put us at a competitive disadvantage
relative to companies with more extensive product lines; and
|
| |
| |
|
unforeseen costs and expenses associated with creating a sales
and marketing organization.
|
If we are not able to partner with a third party able to
commercialize our product candidates, or are not successful in
recruiting sales and marketing personnel or in building a sales,
marketing, and distribution infrastructure, we will have
difficulty commercializing our product candidates, which would
adversely affect our business and financial condition.
If any
products we develop become subject to unfavorable pricing
regulations, third-party reimbursement practices, or healthcare
reform initiatives, our business could be harmed.
Our ability to commercialize any product candidate profitably
will depend in part on the extent to which reimbursement for
such product candidate and related treatments will be available
from government health administration authorities, private
health insurers, or private payors, and other organizations in
the United States
32
and internationally. Even if we succeed in bringing one or more
product candidates to market, these products may not be
considered cost-effective, and the amount reimbursed for any
product may be insufficient to allow us to sell it profitably.
Because our product candidates are in the early stages of
development, we are unable at this time to determine their
cost-effectiveness and the level or method of reimbursement.
There may be significant delays in obtaining coverage for newly
approved products, and coverage may be more limited than the
purposes for which the product candidate is approved by the FDA
or foreign regulatory agencies. Moreover, eligibility for
coverage does not mean that any product will be reimbursed in
all cases or at a rate that covers our costs, including
research, development, manufacture, sale, and distribution.
Increasingly, the third-party payors who reimburse patients,
such as government and private payors, are requiring that
companies provide them with predetermined discounts from list
prices and are challenging the prices charged for medical
products. If the reimbursement we are able to obtain for any
product we develop is inadequate in light of our development and
other costs, our business could be harmed.
We
face potential product liability exposure, and if successful
claims are brought against us, we may incur substantial
liability for a product candidate and may have to limit its
commercialization.
The use of our product candidates in clinical trials and the
sale of any products for which we obtain marketing approval
expose us to the risk of product liability claims. Product
liability claims might be brought against us by consumers,
health-care providers, pharmaceutical companies, or others
selling our products. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves
against these claims, we will incur substantial liabilities.
Regardless of merit or eventual outcome, product liability
claims may result in:
|
|
|
| |
|
decreased demand for our product candidates;
|
| |
| |
|
impairment of our business reputation;
|
| |
| |
|
withdrawal of clinical trial participants;
|
| |
| |
|
costs of related litigation;
|
| |
| |
|
substantial monetary awards to patients or other claimants;
|
| |
| |
|
loss of revenues; and
|
| |
| |
|
the inability to commercialize our product candidates.
|
Although we currently have product liability insurance coverage
for our clinical trials for expenses or losses, our insurance
coverage may not reimburse us or may not be sufficient to
reimburse us for any or all expenses or losses we may suffer.
Moreover, insurance coverage is becoming increasingly expensive
and, in the future, we may not be able to maintain insurance
coverage at a reasonable cost or in sufficient amounts to
protect us against losses due to liability. We intend to expand
our insurance coverage to include the sale of commercial
products if we obtain marketing approval for our product
candidates in development, but we may be unable to obtain
commercially reasonable product liability insurance for any
products approved for marketing. On occasion, large judgments
have been awarded in class action lawsuits based on products
that had unanticipated side effects. A successful product
liability claim or series of claims brought against us could
cause our stock price to fall and, if judgments exceed our
insurance coverage, could decrease our cash and adversely affect
our business.
We
could be required to pay significant cancellation fees for
reserved manufacturing capacity under our manufacturing
agreement with Lonza.
We are party to a manufacturing services agreement effective as
of November 21, 2005, with Lonza under which Lonza provides
development and manufacturing services, initially with respect
to TRU-015 but with substitution of other product candidates
permitted, including manufacture of product candidates for use
in clinical trials and, upon regulatory approval, for commercial
use. Under this agreement, we reserve future manufacturing runs
under pre-specified terms and conditions. We may desire to
cancel a reserved manufacturing run for a number of business
reasons, such as a regulatory action or a preclinical, clinical,
or commercial development that might change our clinical trial
schedule. If for any reason we terminate any of these reserved
33
runs without providing at least 360 days advance
notice to Lonza and if Lonza is unable to mitigate its losses
after using reasonable efforts to do so, we will incur
cancellation fees of 85% of the cost to us of the run. In
addition, if we terminate any of the reserved runs without
providing at least 180 days advance notice to Lonza,
and if Lonza is unable to mitigate its losses after using
reasonable efforts to do so, we will incur cancellation fees of
100% of the cost to us of the run.
We
rely on highly skilled personnel, and if we are unable to retain
or motivate key personnel or hire qualified personnel, we may
not be able to maintain our operations or grow
effectively.
Our performance largely depends on the talents and efforts of
highly skilled individuals. In February 2009, as part of our
efforts to reduce our operating expenses through prioritization
of our development portfolio and streamlining our
infrastructure, we announced a reduction of approximately 25% of
our workforce, across our research and administrative functions.
This reduction in workforce may impair our ability to recruit
and retain qualified employees and to effectively complete
administrative and developmental functions. If we need to rehire
terminated individuals or hire individuals with similar skills,
we may be unable to do so. Our future success depends on our
continuing ability to develop, motivate, and retain qualified
management, clinical, and scientific personnel for all areas of
our organization. If we do not succeed in retaining and
motivating our remaining personnel, our existing operations may
suffer and we may be unable to effectively engage in planned
operations.
If we
use biological and hazardous materials in a manner that causes
contamination or injury or violates laws, we may be liable for
damages.
Our research and development activities involve the use of
potentially harmful biological materials, as well as hazardous
materials, chemicals, and various radioactive compounds. We
cannot completely eliminate the risk of accidental contamination
or injury from the use, storage, handling, or disposal of these
materials. In the event of contamination or injury, we could be
held liable for damages that result, and any liability could
exceed our resources. We do not maintain liability insurance
coverage for our handling of biological or hazardous materials.
We, the third parties that conduct clinical trials on our
behalf, and the third parties that manufacture our product
candidates are subject to federal, state, and local laws and
regulations governing the use, storage, handling, and disposal
of these materials and waste products. The cost of compliance
with these laws and regulations could be significant. The
failure to comply with any of these laws and regulations could
result in significant fines and work stoppages and may harm our
business.
Risks
Related to Our Common Stock
The
trading price of our common stock may be subject to significant
fluctuations and volatility, and our stockholders may be unable
to resell their shares at a profit.
The trading prices of many smaller publicly traded companies are
highly volatile, particularly companies such as ours that have
limited operating histories. Accordingly, the trading price of
our common stock has been subject to significant fluctuations
and may continue to fluctuate or decline. Since our initial
public offering, which was completed in October 2006, the price
of our common stock has ranged from an
intra-day
low of $1.00 to an
intra-day
high of $22.50. Factors that could cause fluctuations in the
trading price of our common stock include the following:
|
|
|
| |
|
low trading volumes;
|
| |
| |
|
our ability to develop and market new and enhanced product
candidates on a timely basis;
|
| |
| |
|
announcements by us or our collaborators or competitors of new
commercial products, clinical progress or the lack thereof,
changes in or terminations of relationships, significant
contracts, commercial relationships, or capital commitments;
|
| |
| |
|
commencement of, or our involvement in, litigation;
|
| |
| |
|
changes in earnings estimates or recommendations by securities
analysts;
|
34
|
|
|
| |
|
changes in governmental regulations or in the status of our
regulatory approvals;
|
| |
| |
|
any major change in our board or management;
|
| |
| |
|
quarterly variations in our operating results or those of our
collaborators or competitors;
|
| |
| |
|
general economic conditions and slow or negative growth of our
markets; and
|
| |
| |
|
political instability, natural disasters, war,
and/or
events of terrorism.
|
In addition, the U.S. stock market has experienced extreme
price and volume fluctuations that have often been unrelated or
disproportionate to the operating performance of trading
companies and in recent months have experienced an historical
decline in value across most industry sectors. Broad market and
industry factors may seriously affect the market price of
companies stock, including ours, regardless of actual
operating performance. In addition, in the past, following
periods of volatility in the overall market and the market price
of a particular companys securities, securities class
action litigation has often been instituted against these
companies. This litigation, if instituted against us, could
result in substantial costs and a diversion of our
managements attention and resources.
If
securities analysts do not publish research or reports about our
business, or if they downgrade our stock, the price of our stock
could decline.
The trading market for our common stock will rely in part on the
availability of research and reports that third-party industry
or financial analysts publish about us. There are many large,
publicly traded companies active in the biopharmaceutical
industry, which may mean it will be less likely that we receive
widespread analyst coverage. Furthermore, if one or more of the
analysts who do cover us downgrade our stock, our stock price
would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts cease
coverage of us, we could lose visibility in the market, which in
turn could cause our stock price to decline.
The
concentration of our capital stock ownership with insiders will
likely limit your ability to influence corporate
matters.
As of December 31, 2008, our executive officers, directors,
current five percent or greater stockholders, and affiliated
entities together beneficially owned approximately 81% of our
outstanding common stock. As a result, these stockholders,
acting together, have control over most matters that require
approval by our stockholders, including the election of
directors and approval of significant corporate transactions.
Corporate action might be taken even if other stockholders
oppose them. This concentration of ownership might also have the
effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of us that
other stockholders may view as beneficial.
Anti-takeover
provisions in our charter documents and under Delaware law could
make an acquisition of us, which may be beneficial to our
stockholders, more difficult and may prevent attempts by our
stockholders to replace or remove our current
management.
Provisions in our certificate of incorporation and bylaws may
delay or prevent an acquisition of us or a change in our
management. These provisions include a classified board of
directors, a prohibition on actions by written consent of our
stockholders and the ability of our board of directors to issue
preferred stock without stockholder approval. In addition,
because we are incorporated in Delaware, we are governed by the
provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General
Corporation Law, which prohibits stockholders owning in excess
of 15% of our outstanding voting stock from merging or combining
with us. Although we believe these provisions collectively
provide for an opportunity to receive higher bids by requiring
potential acquirers to negotiate with our board of directors,
they would apply even if the offer may be considered beneficial
by some stockholders. In addition, these provisions may
frustrate or prevent any attempts by our stockholders to replace
or remove our current management by making it more difficult for
stockholders to replace members of our board of directors, which
is responsible for appointing the members of our management.
35
We are
exposed to potential risks from legislation requiring companies
to evaluate controls under Section 404 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that we maintain effective
internal controls over financial reporting and disclosure
controls and procedures. Among other things, we must perform
system and process evaluation and testing of our internal
controls over financial reporting to allow management to report
on, and our independent registered public accounting firm to
attest to, our internal controls over financial reporting, as
required by Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
Compliance with Section 404 requires substantial accounting
expense and significant management efforts. Our testing, or the
subsequent review by our independent registered public
accounting firm, may reveal deficiencies in our internal
controls that would require us to remediate in a timely manner
so as to be able to comply with the requirements of
Section 404 each year. If we are not able to comply with
the requirements of Section 404 in a timely manner each
year, we could be subject to sanctions or investigations by the
SEC, NASDAQ or other regulatory authorities that would require
additional financial and management resources and could
adversely affect the market price of our common stock.
|
|
|
ITEM 1B.
|
UNRESOLVED
STAFF COMMENTS
|
None.
In June 2003 we entered into a lease agreement for
31,507 square feet of office and laboratory facilities in
Seattle, Washington. On February 10, 2006, we amended the
lease agreement to add an additional 15,892 square feet in
the same building. The lease expires on April 30, 2013,
subject to our option to extend the term for up to
10 years. On February 2, 2007, we leased an additional
3,067 square feet in the same building, through
April 30, 2013. The annual lease payments for these
facilities are approximately $1.5 million in the aggregate.
We believe that the facilities we currently lease are sufficient
for our anticipated near-term needs.
|
|
|
ITEM 3.
|
LEGAL
PROCEEDINGS
|
In November 2005, Merck KGaA filed a proceeding with the Office
of Harmonisation, or the Office, of the Internal Market opposing
our European registration of the trademark TRUBION for certain
products and services. The Office has held in our favor with
respect to the services, and in Mercks favor with respect
to the products. Our appeal of the adverse portion of the
decision was rejected by the Board of Appeals. We have filed an
action with the Court of First Instance of the European
Communities to annul the Board decision. We intend to continue
challenging the opposition vigorously.
On August 8, 2006, we filed with the European Patent
Office, or EPO, an opposition to European patent
No. EP-B-1176981,
in which Genentech has an ownership interest with claims
directed to the second medical use of an anti-CD20 antibody for
the treatment of RA, raising objections as to its validity.
Subsequent to the submission of our opposition, other parties
filed oppositions to the Genentech patent prior to
August 30, 2006, including MedImmune, Inc., Genmab A/S,
Centocor, Inc., Glaxo Group Limited, Serono S.A., and Wyeth. On
September 11, 2008, we announced that the Opposition
Division, or OD, of the EPO had revoked the European patent in
its entirety. On February 19, 2009, Genentech and Biogen
Idec appealed the decision. Final resolution of the opposition
proceeding may take a number of years.
|
|
|
ITEM 4.
|
SUBMISSION
OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
|
No matters were submitted for a vote of security holders,
through the solicitation of proxies or otherwise, during the
quarter ended December 31, 2008.
36
PART II
|
|
|
ITEM 5.
|
MARKET
FOR REGISTRANTS COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
|
Market
Information for Common Stock
Our common stock trades on The Nasdaq Global Market under the
symbol TRBN.
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the
range of high and low quarterly closing sales prices of the
common stock as quoted on The Nasdaq Global Market:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
High
|
|
|
Low
|
|
|
|
|
Year ended December 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter
|
|
$
|
12.55
|
|
|
$
|
5.99
|
|
|
Second Quarter
|
|
$
|
8.80
|
|
|
$
|
4.39
|
|
|
Third Quarter
|
|
$
|
5.40
|
|
|
$
|
3.32
|
|
|
Fourth Quarter
|
|
$
|
3.67
|
|
|
$
|
1.01
|
|
|
Year ended December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
First Quarter
|
|
$
|
21.99
|
|
|
$
|
17.38
|
|
|
Second Quarter
|
|
$
|
21.50
|
|
|
$
|
17.14
|
|
|
Third Quarter
|
|
$
|
20.20
|
|
|
$
|
11.22
|
|
|
Fourth Quarter
|
|
$
|
13.27
|
|
|
$
|
9.91
|
|
Stockholders
As of February 27, 2009, there were approximately 41
holders of record of our common stock.
Dividend
Policy
No cash dividends have been paid on the common stock. We
currently intend to retain all future income to fund the
development and growth of our business and do not anticipate
paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. In 2008, we
entered into a loan and security agreement that may restrict our
ability to pay cash dividends.
37
Stock
Performance Graph
The graph set forth below compares the cumulative total
stockholder return on our common stock between October 18,
2006 (the date of our initial public offering) and
December 31, 2008, with the cumulative total return of
(i) the Nasdaq Biotechnology Index and (ii) the Nasdaq
Stock Market Index, over the same period. This graph assumes the
investment of $100 on October 18, 2006 in our common stock,
the Nasdaq Biotechnology Index and the Nasdaq Stock Market
Index, and assumes the reinvestment of dividends, if any. The
graph assumes the initial value of our common stock on
October 18, 2006 was the closing sales price of $13.09 per
share.
The comparisons shown in the graph below are based on historical
data. We caution that the stock price performance shown in the
graph below is not necessarily indicative of, nor is it intended
to forecast, the potential future performance of our common
stock. Information used in the graph was obtained from the
Nasdaq website, a source believed to be reliable, but we are not
responsible for any errors or omissions in such information.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10/18/2006
|
|
|
12/29/2006
|
|
|
3/31/2007
|
|
|
6/29/2007
|
|
|
9/28/2007
|
|
|
12/31/2007
|
|
|
3/31/2008
|
|
|
6/30/2008
|
|
|
9/30/2008
|
|
|
12/31/2008
|
|
Trubion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
|
|
|
$
|
100.00
|
|
|
|
$
|
137.59
|
|
|
|
$
|
150.42
|
|
|
|
$
|
159.51
|
|
|
|
$
|
92.67
|
|
|
|
$
|
76.39
|
|
|
|
$
|
72.12
|
|
|
|
$
|
33.54
|
|
|
|
$
|
25.36
|
|
|
|
$
|
9.78
|
|
|
Nasdaq Stock Market Index
|
|
|
$
|
100.00
|
|
|
|
$
|
87.97
|
|
|
|
$
|
84.03
|
|
|
|
$
|
84.89
|
|
|
|
$
|
107.66
|
|
|
|
$
|
141.40
|
|
|
|
$
|
110.46
|
|
|
|
$
|
75.86
|
|
|
|
$
|
87.34
|
|
|
|
$
|
70.60
|
|
|
Nasdaq Biotechnology Index
|
|
|
$
|
100.00
|
|
|
|
$
|
99.47
|
|
|
|
$
|
96.80
|
|
|
|
$
|
100.00
|
|
|
|
$
|
106.44
|
|
|
|
$
|
104.03
|
|
|
|
$
|
97.29
|
|
|
|
$
|
98.85
|
|
|
|
$
|
104.16
|
|
|
|
$
|
90.89
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Recent
Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
38
|
|
|
ITEM 6.
|
SELECTED
FINANCIAL DATA
|
The following selected financial data should be read in
conjunction with Item 7, Managements Discussion
and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations and our audited financial statements and the
related notes thereto included in this annual report.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
|
|
(In thousands, except per share data)
|
|
|
|
|
Statements of Operations Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Collaboration revenue
|
|
$
|
16,467
|
|
|
$
|
20,148
|
|
|
$
|
36,530
|
|
|
$
|
222
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
Grant revenue
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
127
|
|
|
|
294
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total revenue
|
|
|
16,467
|
|
|
|
20,148
|
|
|
|
36,530
|
|
|
|
349
|
|
|
|
294
|
|
|
Operating expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
31,608
|
|
|
|
36,466
|
|
|
|
33,309
|
|
|
|
15,212
|
|
|
|
11,640
|
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
11,374
|
|
|
|
10,833
|
|
|
|
9,473
|
|
|
|
4,146
|
|
|
|
2,851
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
42,982
|
|
|
|
47,299
|
|
|
|
42,782
|
|
|
|
19,358
|
|
|
|
14,491
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from operations
|
|
|
(26,515
|
)
|
|
|
(27,151
|
)
|
|
|
(6,252
|
)
|
|
|
(19,009
|
)
|
|
|
(14,197
|
)
|
|
Net interest income (expense)
|
|
|
956
|
|
|
|
3,837
|
|
|
|
2,222
|
|
|
|
278
|
|
|
|
(16
|
)
|
|
Other income (expense)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
101
|
|
|
|
(134
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
|
|
|
(25,559
|
)
|
|
|
(23,314
|
)
|
|
|
(3,929
|
)
|
|
|
(18,865
|
)
|
|
|
(14,213
|
)
|
|
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(62
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$
|
(25,559
|
)
|
|
$
|
(23,314
|
)
|
|
$
|
(3,929
|
)
|
|
$
|
(18,927
|
)
|
|
$
|
(14,213
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic and diluted net loss per share
|
|
$
|
(1.43
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1.32
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.83
|
)
|
|
$
|
(23.30
|
)
|
|
$
|
(22.47
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares used in computation of basic and diluted net loss per
share
|
|
|
17,856
|
|
|
|
17,688
|
|
|
|
4,744
|
|
|
|
812
|
|
|
|
633
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted the fair value
recognition provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards, or SFAS, 123R, Share-Based Payment, which
requires the measurement and recognition of compensation
expenses for all future share-based payments made to employees
and directors be based on estimated fair values. For the years
ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006, we recorded
non-cash stock-based employee compensation expense of
$3.2 million, $2.9 million and $3.9 million,
respectively. See Note 10 of the Notes to Financial
Statements for further discussion. |
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
At December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
2005
|
|
|
2004
|
|
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
Balance Sheet Data:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash, cash equivalents and investments
|
|
$
|
52,897
|
|
|
$
|
78,515
|
|
|
$
|
105,801
|
|
|
$
|
9,792
|
|
|
$
|
13,944
|
|
|
Receivable from collaboration
|
|
|
3,084
|
|
|
|
4,237
|
|
|
|
4,354
|
|
|
|
40,000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Working capital
|
|
|
45,287
|
|
|
|
69,132
|
|
|
|
93,188
|
|
|
|
37,881
|
|
|
|
11,503
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
|
67,290
|
|
|
|
95,174
|
|
|
|
121,394
|
|
|
|
54,009
|
|
|
|
17,738
|
|
|
Deferred revenue
|
|
|
19,493
|
|
|
|
24,854
|
|
|
|
31,778
|
|
|
|
39,778
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-current portion of notes payable
|
|
|
8,261
|
|
|
|
7,567
|
|
|
|
6,708
|
|
|
|
1,276
|
|
|
|
1,198
|
|
|
Preferred stock warrant liability
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
282
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Convertible preferred stock
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
45,753
|
|
|
|
33,809
|
|
|
Total stockholders equity (deficit)
|
|
|
31,468
|
|
|
|
53,313
|
|
|
|
72,654
|
|
|
|
(37,902
|
)
|
|
|
(20,962
|
)
|
39
|
|
|
ITEM 7.
|
MANAGEMENTS
DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF
OPERATIONS
|
The following discussion and analysis should be read in
conjunction with our audited financial statements and the
related notes thereto that appear elsewhere in this annual
report. This discussion contains forward-looking statements
reflecting our current expectations that involve risks and
uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from those
discussed in these forward-looking statements due to a number of
factors, including those set forth in the section entitled
Risk Factors and elsewhere in this annual report.
Overview
We are a biopharmaceutical company creating a pipeline of novel
protein therapeutic product candidates to treat autoimmune and
inflammatory diseases and cancer. Our mission is to develop a
variety of
first-in-class
and
best-in-class
product candidates customized in an effort to optimize safety,
efficacy, and convenience that we believe may offer improved
patient experiences. Our current product candidates are novel
small modular immunopharmaceutical, or
SMIPtm,
therapeutics, a new generation of antibody alternatives. Our
current therapeutics under development target specific antigens
on B cells such as CD20 and CD37, and are designed using our
custom drug assembly technology. In order to fund ongoing
development activities and commercialize our products, we will,
in some cases, enter into collaboration agreements that would
likely include licenses to our technology and arrangements to
provide research and development services for others.
Our lead product candidate, TRU-015, which we are developing
with our partner Wyeth, has completed a Phase 2b clinical trial
for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, or RA, and a second
Phase 2b clinical trial is under way. The randomized, parallel,
double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-regimen finding study
will evaluate the safety and efficacy of two dosing regimens of
TRU-015 administered to patients with active seropositive
rheumatoid factor, or RF, on a background of methotrexate. This
study was designed in a way that we believe could be supportive
of a registration package with the FDA.
In collaboration with us, Wyeth is also developing SBI-087, our
next generation CD20-directed product candidate. SBI-087 for RA
builds on our and Wyeths clinical experience with our lead
compound, TRU-015, and is based on our SMIP technology. Wyeth
has commenced a Phase I study of SBI-087 for RA, and patient
dosing is underway. In addition to RA, Wyeth intends to pursue
clinical evaluation of SBI-087 in systemic lupus erythematosus,
or SLE, and Wyeth has filed an IND application for this
indication.
Our proprietary product candidate, TRU-016, is a novel
CD37-directed therapy for the treatment of B-cell mediated
diseases, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia, or CLL, and
certain autoimmune and inflammatory disease indications. TRU-016
uses a different mechanism of action than CD20-directed
therapies. As a result, we believe its novel design may provide
patients with improved therapeutic options and enhance efficacy
when used alone or in combination with chemotherapy
and/or
CD20-directed therapeutics. Patient dosing has commenced in a
Phase 1/2 clinical trial for patients with CLL.
In December 2005 we entered into a collaboration agreement with
Wyeth for the development and worldwide commercialization of
TRU-015 and other CD20-directed therapeutics. Pursuant to the
agreement, we are also collaborating with Wyeth on the
development and worldwide commercialization of certain other
product candidates directed to a small number of targets other
than CD20. During the period in which we will be providing
research services for Wyeth, Wyeth has the right, subject to our
reasonable consent, to replace a limited number of these
targets. In addition, we have the option to co-promote with
Wyeth, on customary terms to be agreed, CD20-directed therapies
in the United States for niche indications. We retain the right
to develop and commercialize, on our own or with others, product
candidates directed to all targets not included within the
agreement, including CD37. Unless it is terminated earlier, our
agreement with Wyeth will remain in effect on a
product-by-product
basis and on a
country-by-country
basis until the later of the date that any such product shall no
longer be covered by a valid claim of a U.S. or foreign
patent or application and, generally, ten years after the first
commercial sale of any product licensed under the agreement.
In connection with the agreement, Wyeth paid us a
$40 million non-refundable, non-creditable, up-front fee in
January 2006 and purchased directly from us in a private
placement, concurrent with our initial public
40
offering, 800,000 shares of our common stock at the initial
public offering price of $13.00 per share, resulting in net
proceeds to us of $10.4 million. Under the agreement, we
provided research services for an initial three-year period
ended December 22, 2008 with the option for Wyeth to extend
the service period for two additional one-year periods.
Wyeths financial obligations during the initial research
service term include collaborative research funding commitments
of $9.0 million in exchange for such committed research
services. This $9.0 million was subject to an increase if
the service period was extended beyond three years as well as
annual increases pursuant to percentage changes in the CPI. In
June 2008, Wyeth exercised the first option under the terms of
the agreement to extend the research period for an additional
one-year period through December 22, 2009. Due to the
research period extension, Wyeths collaboration research
funding commitments to us increased by approximately
$3.3 million in exchange for committed research services
from us through December 22, 2009.
Wyeths financial obligations include additional amounts
for reimbursement of
agreed-upon
external research and development costs and patent costs.
Pursuant to the agreement, Wyeth is also obligated to make
payments to us of up to $250 million based on the
achievement of specified regulatory and sales milestones for
CD20-directed therapies and payments to us of up to
$535 million based on the specified achievement of
regulatory and sales milestones for therapies directed to the
small number of targets other than CD20. In addition, we will
receive royalty payments in the event of future licensed product
sales. Wyeth may terminate the agreement without cause at any
time upon 90 days prior written notice.
In January 2009, Pfizer and Wyeth announced that they have
entered into a merger agreement pursuant to which Pfizer will
acquire Wyeth. In the event of a change of control of Wyeth, the
agreement would remain in effect and we are entitled to request
further written assurances from the successor in interest to
Wyeth reaffirming the commitment of the successor in interest to
comply with the terms and conditions of the agreement.
If the successor in interest to Wyeth has ongoing development
and/or
commercialization activities that would violate the mutual
exclusivity provisions of the collaboration agreement, we have
the right to require the successor in interest to engage in good
faith discussions regarding the terms and conditions on which
the successor in interest would pay reasonable financial
consideration to us with respect to those development and
commercialization activities. If we and the successor in
interest do not agree to terms, we have the right to require the
successor in interest to enter into an agreement to divest such
development and commercialization activities, or to divest the
relevant collaboration agreement products to a third party. If
the successor in interest does not divest such development and
commercialization activities or such collaboration agreement
products, we have the right to terminate all licenses related to
CD20 and/or
the additional specified target, as applicable.
If in connection with Wyeths change of control, Wyeth is
required or voluntarily decides to divest itself of one or more
of the products under the collaboration agreement, then Wyeth
must offer us an exclusive opportunity to negotiate the
acquisition or license of all of Wyeths rights to that
product on commercially reasonable terms. If we do not conclude
an agreement with Wyeth covering the product, Wyeth can divest
itself of the product but the terms of that divestiture cannot
be more favorable than those that were last offered to us unless
we are given the opportunity to accept those more favorable
terms.
Upon a change of control of Trubion, the agreement would remain
in effect, subject to the right of Wyeth to terminate specified
provisions of the agreement.
Assuming TRU-015 and other product candidates under the
collaboration with Wyeth continue to progress in development,
expenses for future clinical trials may be higher than those
incurred in prior clinical trials. These expenses will, however,
likely be incurred by Wyeth and expenses incurred by us, if any,
will be substantially offset by reimbursement revenue from
Wyeth. In addition, Wyeth is responsible for a substantial
portion of costs related to patent prosecution and patent
litigation for products directed to targets selected by Wyeth
pursuant to the collaboration agreement.
The continued research and development of our product candidates
will require significant additional expenditures, including
preclinical studies, clinical trials, manufacturing costs, and
the expenses of seeking regulatory approval. We rely on third
parties to conduct a portion of our preclinical studies, all of
our clinical
41
trials and all of the manufacturing of current Good
Manufacturing Process, or cGMP, material. We expect expenditures
associated with these activities to increase in future years as
we continue developing our product candidates. Expenditures
associated with our product candidates included in the Wyeth
collaboration will be substantially offset by reimbursement
revenue from Wyeth.
We have incurred significant losses since our inception. As of
December 31, 2008, our accumulated deficit was
$92.5 million and total stockholders equity was
$31.5 million. During the year ended December 31,
2008, 2007 and 2006, we recognized net losses of
$25.6 million, $23.3 million and $3.9 million,
respectively. We expect our net losses to increase as we
continue our existing preclinical studies, manufacturing, and
clinical trials and expand our research and development efforts.
In addition, revenue may decrease in the future as a result of
the transfer to Wyeth of the responsibility for the majority of
the clinical development efforts and related costs for product
candidates covered by our collaboration agreement with Wyeth,
which may result in a decline in the associated collaborative
research revenue, and a decline in revenue associated with the
amortization of the up-front fee paid by Wyeth as the estimated
service period is extended.
We were founded as a limited liability company in the state of
Washington in March 1999. We converted into a corporation and
redomiciled in the state of Delaware in October 2002. To date,
we have funded our operations primarily through the sale of
equity securities, strategic alliances, equipment financings,
and government grants.
Critical
Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and
Estimates
Our managements discussion and analysis of our financial
condition and results of operations are based on our financial
statements, which have been prepared in accordance with
accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
The preparation of these financial statements requires us to
make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of
assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets
and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, as well
as reported revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.
We base our estimates on historical experience and on various
other factors that we believe are reasonable under the
circumstances. An accounting policy is considered to be critical
if it is important to a companys financial condition and
results of operations, and if it requires the exercise of
significant judgment and the use of estimates on the part of
management in its application. We have discussed the selection
and development of the critical accounting policies with the
audit committee of our board of directors, and the audit
committee has reviewed our related disclosures in this annual
report on
Form 10-K.
Although we believe our judgments and estimates are appropriate,
actual results may differ from those estimates.
Our significant accounting policies are described in Note 1
to our audited financial statements for the year ended
December 31, 2008 in this annual report on
Form 10-K.
Of our significant accounting policies, we believe that the
following accounting policies relating to revenue recognition,
preclinical study and clinical trial accruals, stock-based
compensation and valuation of investments are the most critical
to understanding and evaluating our reported financial results.
Revenue
Recognition
We recognize revenue from our collaboration agreement with
Wyeth, which consists of non-refundable, non-creditable up-front
fees and license fees, collaborative research funding,
regulatory and sales milestones, and future product royalties.
Revenue related to the Wyeth collaboration is recognized as
follows:
Up-Front Fees and License Fee. Non-refundable,
non-creditable up-front fees and license fees received in
connection with collaborative research and development
agreements are deferred and recognized on a straight-line basis
over the estimated term of the research and development service
period. The estimated term of the research and development
service period is reviewed and adjusted based on the status of
the project against the estimated timeline as additional
information becomes available. We also consider the time frame
of our substantive contractual obligations related to research
and development agreements when estimating the term of the
research and development period. During the third quarter of
2008, the estimated term of the research and development service
period was adjusted from six years and three months to seven
years, or through December 2012, due to an extension of the
estimated service period of our obligations to conduct
42
clinical activities under our agreement with Wyeth. Currently,
our clinical development obligations under the agreement are
limited to conducting ongoing re-treatment studies for TRU-015.
The ongoing second Phase 2b study and future studies will be
conducted by Wyeth. The adjustment during the third quarter of
2008 was the second adjustment to the estimated research and
development service period since the inception of the
collaboration agreement with Wyeth. Adjustments to the research
and development service period are made prospectively. Revenue
may fluctuate in the future due to adjustments to the estimated
term of the research and development service period.
Collaborative Research Funding. Certain
internal and external research and development costs and patent
costs are reimbursed in connection with collaboration
agreements. Reimbursed costs are recognized as revenue in the
same period the costs were incurred. Reimbursed costs are
subject to the estimation processes described in the preclinical
study, clinical trial and manufacturing accruals processes
described below and are subject to change in future periods when
actual activity is known. To date we have not made any material
adjustments to these estimates.
Milestones. Payments for milestones that are
based on the achievement of substantive and at-risk performance
criteria will be recognized in full at such time as the
specified milestone has been achieved according to the terms of
the agreement. When payments are not for substantive and at-risk
milestones, revenue will be recognized immediately for the
proportionate amount of the payment that correlates to services
that have already been rendered, with the balance recognized on
a straight-line basis over the remaining estimated term of the
research and development service period. The basis of the
research and development service period is reviewed and adjusted
based on the status of the project against the estimated
timeline as additional information becomes available.
Preclinical
Study, Clinical Trial and Manufacturing Accruals
We estimate our preclinical study, clinical trial and
manufacturing accrued expenses based on our estimates of the
services received pursuant to contracts with multiple research
organizations and contract manufacturers that conduct, manage,
and provide materials for preclinical studies and clinical
trials on our behalf. The financial terms of these agreements
vary from contract to contract and may result in uneven payment
flows. Research and development costs are expensed as the
related goods are delivered or the related services are
performed. Our preclinical study, clinical trial and
manufacturing expenses include the following:
|
|
|
| |
|
fees paid to contract research organizations in connection with
preclinical studies;
|
| |
| |
|
fees paid to clinical research organizations and other clinical
sites in connection with clinical trials; and
|
| |
| |
|
fees paid to contract manufacturers in connection with the
production of components and drug materials for preclinical
studies and clinical trials.
|
We record accruals for these preclinical study, clinical trial
and manufacturing expenses based on the estimated amount of work
completed. All such costs are included in research and
development expenses based on these estimates. Costs of setting
up a preclinical study or clinical trial are expensed as the
related services are performed. Costs related to patient
enrollment in clinical trials are accrued as patients are
enrolled in the trial. We monitor patient enrollment levels and
related activities to the extent possible through internal
reviews, correspondence and discussions with research
organizations. If we have incomplete or inaccurate information,
we may, however, underestimate or overestimate activity levels
associated with various preclinical studies and clinical trials
at a given point in time. In the event we underestimate, we
could record significant research and development expenses in
future periods when the actual activity level becomes known. To
the extent any of these expenses are reimbursable under our
collaboration agreement with Wyeth, we could also record
significant adjustments to revenue when the actual activity
becomes known. To date, we have not made any material
adjustments to our estimates of preclinical study and clinical
trial expenses. We make good-faith estimates that we believe to
be accurate, but the actual costs and timing of preclinical
studies and clinical trials are highly uncertain, subject to
risks, and may change depending on a number of factors,
including our clinical development plan. If any of our product
candidates enter Phase 3 clinical trials, the process of
43
estimating clinical trial costs will become more difficult
because the trials will involve larger numbers of patients and
clinical sites.
Stock-Based
Compensation
On January 1, 2006, we adopted the fair value recognition
provisions of SFAS No. 123R, Share-Based
Payment, which requires the measurement and recognition of
compensation expenses for all future share-based payments made
to employees and directors be based on estimated fair values.
Employee stock-based compensation expense recognized in the
years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 was calculated
based on awards ultimately expected to vest, and has been
reduced for estimated forfeitures. SFAS 123R requires
forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if
necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ
from those estimates. The forfeiture estimate is based on
historical employee turnover rates and could differ from actual
forfeitures. Compensation costs for employee stock options
granted prior to January 1, 2006 were accounted for using
the options intrinsic value or the difference, if any,
between the fair market value of our common stock and the
exercise price of the option.
The fair value of each employee option grant in the years ended
December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively, was
estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option
pricing model with the following assumptions:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
2007
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
Risk-free interest rate
|
|
2.80% 3.40%
|
|
3.78% 4.78%
|
|
4.57% 5.04%
|
|
Weighted-average
expected life (in years)
|
|
6.04
|
|
6.14
|
|
6.00
|
|
Expected dividend yield
|
|
0%
|
|
0%
|
|
0%
|
|
Expected volatility rate
|
|
70% 74%
|
|
65% 75%
|
|
75%
|
|
Weighted-average estimated fair value of employee options
|
|
$5.29
|
|
$12.87
|
|
$15.39
|
For stock options granted to non-employees, the fair value of
the stock options is estimated using the Black-Scholes valuation
model. The Black-Scholes model utilizes the estimated fair value
of common stock and requires that, at the date of grant, we make
assumptions with respect to the expected life of the option, the
volatility of the fair value of its common stock, risk free
interest rates and expected dividend yields of our common stock.
We have assumed that non-employee stock options have an expected
life of one to ten years and assumed common stock volatility
between 65% and 100%.
Stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the period
of expected service by the non-employee. As the service is
performed, we are required to update our valuation assumptions,
remeasure unvested options and record the stock-based
compensation using the valuation as of the vesting date. These
adjustments may result in higher or lower stock-based
compensation expense in the statement of operations than
originally estimated. Changes in the market price of our stock
could materially change the value of an option and the resulting
stock-based compensation expense. We expect stock-based
compensation expense associated with non-employee options to
fluctuate in the future based on the volatility of our future
stock price.
Valuation
of Investments
We carry our investments in debt securities at fair value,
estimated as the amount at which an asset or liability could be
bought or sold in a current transaction between willing parties.
In accordance with our investment policy, we diversify our
credit risk and invest in debt securities with high credit
quality. Substantially all of our investments held as of
December 31, 2008 are actively traded and our estimate of
fair value is based upon quoted market prices. To date, the
carrying values of our investments have not been written down
due to declines in value because such declines are judged to be
other than temporary. Declines in the fair value of our
investments judged to be other than temporary could adversely
affect our future
44
operating results. We will continue to monitor our credit risks
and evaluate the potential need for impairment charges related
to credit risks in future periods.
Recently
Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006 the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or
FASB, released Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, or SFAS 157,
which is effective for fiscal years beginning after
November 15, 2007. We adopted the provisions of
SFAS 157 as of January 1, 2008, with respect to our
financial assets and liabilities only. The adoption of
SFAS 157 did not have a material impact on our financial
position, results of operations and cash flows. SFAS 157
defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair
value under GAAP, and expands disclosures about fair value
measurements. In November 2007, the FASB agreed to a one-year
deferral of the effective date for non-financial assets and
liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value on a
nonrecurring basis. We do not believe the adoption of the
portion of the pronouncement covered by the deferral will have a
material impact on our results of operations or financial
condition.
In June 2007 the EITF reached a final consensus on EITF issue
No. 07-3,
Accounting for Nonrefundable Advance Payments for Goods or
Services Received for Use in Future Research and Development
Activities, or
EITF 07-3.
EITF 07-3
requires that nonrefundable advance payments for goods or
services that will be used or rendered for future research and
development activities be deferred and capitalized and
recognized as an expense as the goods are delivered or the
related services are performed. Effective January 1, 2008,
we adopted
EITF 07-3.
For the year ended December 31, 2008, the adoption of
EITF 07-3
resulted in an increase in prepaid expenses and a decrease in
research and development expenses of approximately
$1.0 million.
Recent
Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2007 the EITF reached a final consensus on EITF
Issue
No. 07-1,
Accounting for Collaborative Arrangements Related to the
Development and Commercialization of Intellectual Property,
or
EITF 07-1.
EITF 07-1
will require us to disclose the nature and purpose of our
collaborative arrangements in our annual financial statements,
our rights and obligations under the collaborative arrangements,
the stage of the underlying endeavors life cycle, our
accounting policies for the arrangements and the income
statement classification and amount of significant financial
statement amounts related to the collaborative arrangements.
EITF 07-1
will be effective for fiscal years beginning after
December 15, 2008 and will require us to apply it as a
change in accounting principle through retrospective application
to all prior periods for all collaborative arrangements existing
as of the effective date. We have evaluated the impact of
adopting
EITF 07-1
on our financial statements and do not expect any impact on our
results of operations or financial position.
Results
of Operations for the Years Ended December 31, 2008, 2007
and 2006
Revenue
Revenue decreased to $16.5 million in 2008 from
$20.1 million in 2007 and from $36.5 million in 2006.
The decrease in 2008 compared to 2007 was due to a decrease in
reimbursement revenue from the Wyeth collaboration related to
the Phase 2b clinical trial for our lead product candidate,
TRU-015, in the treatment of RA, an extension of the recognition
of the up-front fee and a decline in reimbursable legal costs.
Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2008 was comprised
of $11.1 million for collaborative research funding and
$5.4 million for recognition of the $40 million
up-front fee. The $40 million up-front fee is being
recognized ratably over the estimated term of our substantive
contractual obligations under the agreement and the related
research and development service period, which is currently
estimated to be seven years, or through December 2012. During
the third quarter of 2008, the estimated term of the research
and development service period was adjusted from six years and
three months to seven years, or through December 2012. This
change in estimate reduced recognition of the up-front fee
during 2008 by $487,000. Currently, our clinical development
obligations under the agreement are limited to conducting
ongoing re-treatment studies for TRU-015. The ongoing second
Phase 2b study and future studies will be conducted by Wyeth.
The estimated term of the research and development service
period is reviewed and adjusted as additional information
becomes available.
45
Reimbursement revenue is expected to fluctuate in the future due
to the timing of reimbursed legal and clinical development
costs, and the recognition of the associated collaborative
research revenue under the Wyeth collaboration agreement. Our
actual revenue, however, could differ materially from
anticipated revenue.
The decrease in 2007 compared to 2006 was due to decreased
milestone revenue, with $8 million of milestone revenue
recognized in 2006 and none in 2007, reduced reimbursement
revenue from the Wyeth collaboration as a result of the
successful transfer of manufacturing activities for TRU-015 from
us to Wyeth in 2007, and decreased revenue related to an
extension of the recognition period for the up-front fee. These
decreases were partially offset by an increase in reimbursable
clinical costs related to our Phase 2b clinical trial for
TRU-015. Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2007 was
comprised of $13.2 million for collaborative research
funding and $6.9 million for recognition of the
$40 million up-front fee. Revenue in the year ended
December 31, 2006 was comprised of $20.5 million for
collaborative research funding, $8 million for recognition
of the $40 million up-front fee and $8 million for a
milestone payment.
Research
and Development Expenses
Research and development expenses decreased to
$31.6 million in 2008 from $36.5 million in 2007 and
$33.3 million in 2006. The decrease in 2008 was primarily
due to decreased outside manufacturing costs related to our
TRU-016 product candidate, decreased clinical costs related to
our Phase 2b clinical trial for TRU-015 and decreased costs for
lab expenses for TRU-016. We expect research and development
expenses to increase in the future due to increased
manufacturing and clinical development costs primarily related
to our TRU-016 product candidate, as well as the advancement of
our preclinical programs, and product candidate manufacturing
costs. This increase in research and development costs will be
partially offset by our restructuring in February 2009. In
connection with this restructuring, we estimate that we will
incur a $0.8 million charge in the first quarter of 2009
related to employee severance, benefits and outplacement
services, $0.6 million of which will be classified as
research and development expense. Our actual research and
development expenses could differ materially from those
anticipated.
The increase in 2007 compared to 2006 was primarily due to
increased clinical costs related to our Phase 2b clinical trial
for TRU-015, increased personnel-related expenses due to
increased headcount, increased outside manufacturing costs
related to our TRU-016 product candidate, increased lab supplies
to support our research activities and increased facilities
costs. These increases were partially offset by lower outside
manufacturing costs for TRU-015 due to the successful transfer
of manufacturing activities to Wyeth in the first quarter of
2007 and lower non-cash stock-based compensation charges.
At any time, we have many ongoing research projects. Our
internal resources, employees and infrastructure are not
directly tied to any individual research project and are
typically deployed across multiple projects. Through our
clinical development programs, we are developing each of our
product candidates in parallel for multiple disease indications,
and through our basic research activities, we are seeking to
design potential drug candidates for multiple new disease
indications. Due to the number of ongoing projects and our
ability to utilize resources across several projects, we do not
record or maintain information regarding the costs incurred for
our research and development programs on a program-specific
basis. In addition, we believe that allocating costs on the
basis of time incurred by our employees does not accurately
reflect the actual costs of a project.
Our research and development activities can be divided into
research and preclinical programs and clinical development
programs. The costs associated with research and preclinical
programs and clinical development programs approximate the
following (in thousands):
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
Research and preclinical programs
|
|
$
|
20,257
|
|
|
$
|
21,344
|
|
|
$
|
14,856
|
|
|
Clinical development programs
|
|
|
11,351
|
|
|
|
15,122
|
|
|
|
18,453
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total research and development
|
|
$
|
31,608
|
|
|
$
|
36,466
|
|
|
$
|
33,309
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
46
Research and preclinical program costs consist of costs
associated with our product development efforts, conducting
preclinical studies, personnel costs, lab expenses and indirect
costs such as rent, utilities and depreciation. Research and
preclinical program costs decreased in 2008 compared to 2007 due
to decreased lab expenses for TRU-016 as this program moved from
a preclinical program to a clinical program. Research and
preclinical program costs increased in 2007 compared to 2006 due
to increased personnel-related expenses due to increased
headcount, increased lab supplies to support our research
activities and increased facilities costs. Clinical development
costs consist of clinical manufacturing costs, clinical trial
site and investigator fees, personnel costs and indirect costs
such as rent, utilities and depreciation. Clinical development
program costs decreased in 2008 compared to 2007 due to
decreased outside manufacturing costs related to our
TRU-016
product candidate and decreased clinical costs related to our
Phase 2b clinical trial for TRU-015. These costs were partially
offset by expenses associated with the commencement of the Phase
1/2
clinical trial for TRU-016 in CLL. Clinical development program
costs decreased in 2007 compared to 2006 due to decreased
outside manufacturing costs resulting from the successful
transfer of manufacturing activities for TRU-015 to Wyeth in the
first quarter of 2007. This decrease was partially offset by
higher clinical costs related to our Phase 2b clinical trial for
TRU-015 and outside manufacturing costs related to our TRU-016
program.
The majority of our research and development programs are at an
early stage and may not result in any approved products. Product
candidates that may appear promising at early stages of
development may not reach the market for a variety of reasons.
Product candidates may be found to be ineffective or to cause
harmful side effects during clinical trials, may take longer to
pass through clinical trials than had been anticipated, may fail
to receive necessary regulatory approvals and may prove
impracticable to manufacture in commercial quantities at
reasonable cost and with acceptable quality. As part of our
business strategy, we may enter into collaborative arrangements
with third parties to complete the development and
commercialization of our product candidates and it is uncertain
which of our product candidates may be subject to future
collaborative arrangements. The participation of a collaborative
partner may accelerate the time to completion and reduce the
cost to us of a product candidate or it may delay the time to
completion and increase the cost to us due to the alteration of
our existing strategy.
As a result of the uncertainties discussed above, the
uncertainty associated with clinical trial enrollments, and the
risks inherent in the development process, we are unable to
determine the duration and completion costs of the current or
future clinical stages of our product candidates or when, or to
what extent, we will generate revenue from the commercialization
and sale of any of our product candidates. Development
timelines, probability of success and development costs vary
widely. Under our collaboration with Wyeth, we are responsible
for completing the Phase 2a and 2b clinical trials of TRU-015
for RA. In addition, we are responsible for conducting clinical
studies for TRU-015 niche indications. While we are currently
focused on developing TRU-015 and other
SMIPtm
product candidates with Wyeth and our TRU-016 product candidate,
together with other
SMIPtm
product candidates that are outside of the collaboration, we
will make determinations as to which programs to pursue and how
much funding to direct to each program on an ongoing basis in
response to the scientific and clinical success of each product
candidate, as well as an ongoing assessment as to the product
candidates commercial potential and value to potential
partners. In addition, due to the limited availability of
capital we may not be able to fund programs adequately, or at
all. We anticipate developing additional product candidates,
which will also increase our research and development expenses
in future periods. We do not expect any of our current product
candidates to be commercially available in major markets before
2012, if at all.
General
and Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses increased to
$11.4 million in 2008 from $10.8 million in 2007 and
$9.5 million in 2006. The increase in 2008 compared to 2007
was primarily due to increased consulting and outside service
fees and increased non-cash stock-based compensation expense
partially offset by decreased fees related to filings for the
protection of our intellectual property. The increase in 2007
compared to 2006 was primarily due to increased
personnel-related expenses, increased consulting and outside
service fees incurred in support of being a publicly traded
company and increased fees related to filings for the protection
47
of our intellectual property offset by decreased non-cash
stock-based compensation expenses. We expect our general and
administrative expenses to decline in 2009 as a result of our
restructuring during the first quarter of 2009. In connection
with this restructuring, we estimate that we will incur a
$0.8 million charge in the first quarter of 2009 related to
employee severance, benefits and outplacement services,
$0.2 million of which will be classified as general and
administrative expense. Our actual general and administrative
expenses are likely to fluctuate in the future and could differ
materially from those anticipated.
Net
Interest Income
Net interest income decreased to $1.0 million in 2008
compared to $3.8 million in 2007 and $2.2 million in
2006. The decrease in 2008 compared to 2007 was the result of a
decline in interest rates and a decrease in our average cash and
investment balance in 2008 compared to 2007. The increase in
2007 compared to 2006 was primarily the result of an increase in
our average cash balance in 2007 compared to 2006. The increase
in our average cash balance in 2007 was due to the net proceeds
of our initial public offering and concurrent private placement
to Wyeth in October 2006 and payments received in 2007 under our
Wyeth collaboration. We expect net interest income to decrease
in the future as a result of a declining cash balance and the
current interest rate environment.
Income
Taxes
Since inception, we have incurred operating losses and,
accordingly, have not recorded a provision for income taxes for
any of the periods presented. As of December 31, 2008, we
had net operating loss carryforwards for federal income tax
purposes of $54.4 million. We also had federal research and
development tax credit carryforwards of $2.0 million. If
not utilized, the net operating loss and tax credit
carryforwards will expire between 2021 and 2027.
Liquidity
and Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2008, we had $52.9 million in cash,
cash equivalents and short-term investments and a
$3.1 million receivable from Wyeth for collaborative
research funding. In January 2006, we received payment of a
$40 million up-front fee in connection with our
collaboration agreement with Wyeth. In October 2006, we
completed our initial public offering of 4,600,000 shares
of common stock at a public offering price of $13.00 per share
for gross proceeds of $59.8 million. Net proceeds from the
initial public offering were approximately $52.8 million,
after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and
offering expenses payable by us. We also received net proceeds
of $10.4 million from the sale of 800,000 shares of
common stock at $13.00 per share in the concurrent private
placement to Wyeth. We have received additional funding from
asset-based lease financings and interest earned on investments.
Our cash and investment balances are held in a variety of
interest-bearing instruments, including obligations of
U.S. government agencies, high credit rating corporate
borrowers and money market accounts. We have no exposure to
auction rate securities within our investment portfolio. Cash in
excess of immediate requirements is invested with regard to
liquidity and capital preservation.
Operating Activities. Net cash used in
operating activities was $23.9 million and
$26.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2008
and 2007, respectively, compared to net cash provided by
operating activities of $35.1 million for the year ended
December 31, 2006. Net cash used in operations during 2008
was primarily due to personnel-related costs, clinical trial
costs, legal and professional fees, lab supplies to support our
research activities, facilities costs and administrative costs.
Net cash used in operations during 2007 was primarily a result
of personnel-related costs, clinical trial costs, legal and
professional fees, lab supplies to support our research
activities, outside manufacturing costs, facilities costs and
administrative costs incurred as a result of being a publicly
traded company. Net cash provided by operating activities in
2006 was primarily the $40 million up-front fee received
from Wyeth in January 2006, partially offset by operating costs.
We expect net cash used in operations to increase in the future
as we continue to expand our clinical activities.
Investing Activities. Net cash provided by
investing activities was $12.4 million and
$9.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2008 and
2007. Net cash used in investing activities was
$51.9 million for the year
48
ended December 31, 2006. Investing activities consist
primarily of purchases and sales of marketable securities and
capital purchases. Purchases of property and equipment were
$1.3 million, $3.8 million, and $8.0 million in
the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006,
respectively. We expect to continue to make investments in
property and equipment in 2009, however, to a lesser extent than
in 2008.
Financing Activities. Net cash used in
financing activities was $373,000 in the year ended
December 31, 2008 compared to net cash provided by
financing activities of $2.7 million and $68.5 million
in the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006,
respectively. In 2008, financing activities consisted primarily
of $10.0 million in proceeds under a new debt facility,
offset by $9.5 million in payments against pre-existing
equipment financing arrangements and $900,000 in other debt
payments. In 2007, financing activities consisted primarily of
net proceeds from an equipment financing arrangement of
$2.2 million. In 2006, financing activities consisted
primarily of net proceeds received from our initial public
offering of $52.8 million, net proceeds from our concurrent
private placement to Wyeth in October 2006 of
$10.4 million, as well as net proceeds from an equipment
financing arrangement of $5.2 million.
We entered into a loan and security agreement with Silicon
Valley Bank, or SVB, effective July 25, 2008, the terms of
which provide for a $10.0 million debt facility secured by
a security interest in our assets, other than intellectual
property, and used $8.5 million of the proceeds from this
debt facility to fully extinguish our obligations with Comerica
Bank, or Comerica, under our existing debt facility. In
conjunction with extinguishing our obligations under the
Comerica debt facility, we also terminated the Comerica loan and
security agreement and related interest rate swap agreement. We
incurred a fee of $165,000 in connection with the termination of
the interest rate swap agreement, which is included in interest
expense in the statements of operations for the year ended
December 31, 2008. The full $10.0 million available
under the SVB facility was drawn at closing and is payable in
fixed equal payments of principal plus accrued interest at a
fixed rate of 5.75% based on an
84-month
amortization schedule with all principal and interest due
July 25, 2013.
The loan and security agreement with SVB contains
representations and warranties and affirmative and negative
covenants that are customary for credit facilities of this type.
We were in compliance with all covenants under the loan and
security agreement as of December 31, 2008. The loan and
security agreement could restrict our ability to, among other
things, sell certain assets, engage in a merger or change in
control transaction, incur debt, pay cash dividends, and make
investments. The loan and security agreement also contains
events of default that are customary for credit facilities of
this type, including payment defaults, covenant defaults,
insolvency type defaults, and events of default relating to
liens, judgments, material misrepresentations, and the
occurrence of certain material adverse events. In addition, the
loan and security agreement with SVB contains a material adverse
change clause which may accelerate the maturity of the loan upon
the occurrence of certain events. We have no indication that we
are in default of the material adverse change clause and no
scheduled loan payments have accelerated as a result of this
provision.
Based on our current operating plans, we believe that our
existing capital resources, together with interest thereon, will
be sufficient to meet our financial obligations for at least the
next 12 months. The key assumption underlying this estimate
is that expenditures related to continued preclinical,
manufacturing, and clinical development of our product
candidates during this period will be within budgeted levels.
Our forecast of the period of time that our financial resources
will be adequate to support operations is a forward-looking
statement and involves risks and uncertainties, and actual
results could vary as a result of a number of factors, including
the factors discussed in the section of Item 1A entitled
Risk Factors. In light of the numerous risks and
uncertainties associated with the development and
commercialization of our product candidates and the extent to
which we enter into collaborations with third parties to
participate in their development and commercialization, we are
unable to estimate the amounts of increased capital outlays and
operating expenditures associated with product development. Our
future funding requirements will depend on many factors,
including:
|
|
|
| |
|
the terms and timing of any additional collaborative or
licensing agreements that we may establish;
|
| |
| |
|
the ability to raise capital through strategic partnerships or
in the debt/equity markets;
|
| |
| |
|
milestone payments projected to be received under the Wyeth
collaboration agreement;
|
49
|
|
|
| |
|
the scope, rate of progress, results and costs of our
preclinical testing, clinical trials, and other research and
development activities;
|
| |
| |
|
the number of programs we pursue;
|
| |
| |
|
the cost of preparing, filing, prosecuting, defending, and
enforcing any patent claims and other intellectual property
rights;
|
| |
| |
|
the cost of establishing clinical and commercial supplies of our
product candidates;
|
| |
| |
|
the cost, timing, and outcomes of regulatory approvals; and
|
| |
| |
|
the extent to which we acquire or invest in businesses,
products, or technologies.
|
We will need to raise additional funds to support our
operations, and such funding may not be available to us on
acceptable terms, if at all. The capital markets have been
experiencing extreme volatility and disruption for more than
12 months. In recent months, the volatility and disruption
have reached unprecedented levels. The scope and extent of this
disruption in the capital markets could make it difficult or
impossible to raise additional capital in public or private
capital markets until conditions stabilize. If we are unable to
raise additional funds when needed, we may not be able to
continue development of our product candidates or we could be
required to delay, scale back, or eliminate some or all of our
development programs and other operations. We may seek to raise
additional funds through public or private financing, strategic
partnerships, or other arrangements. Any additional equity
financing may be dilutive to stockholders and debt financing, if
available, may involve restrictive covenants. If we raise funds
through collaborative or licensing arrangements we may be
required to relinquish, on terms that are not favorable to us,
rights to some of our technologies or product candidates that we
would otherwise seek to develop or commercialize ourselves. Our
failure to raise capital when needed may harm our business and
operating results.
Our future contractual obligations as of December 31, 2008
were as follows (in thousands):
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Payments Due by Period
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
1 Year
|
|
|
2-3 Years
|
|
|
4-5 Years
|
|
|
Thereafter
|
|
|
|
|
Notes payable (including interest)
|
|
$
|
11,369
|
|
|
$
|
1,838
|
|
|
$
|
3,487
|
|
|
$
|
6,044
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
Manufacturing commitment
|
|
|
2,100
|
|
|
|
2,100
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating lease obligations
|
|
|
6,429
|
|
|
|
1,495
|
|
|
|
2,966
|
|
|
|
1,968
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
19,898
|
|
|
$
|
5,433
|
|
|
$
|
6,453
|
|
|
$
|
8,012
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Off-Balance
Sheet Arrangements
Since inception, we have not engaged in any off-balance sheet
arrangements, including the use of structured finance, special
purpose entities or variable interest entities.
|
|
|
ITEM 7A.
|
QUANTITATIVE
AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
|
Our exposure to market risk is primarily confined to our
investment securities. The primary objective of our investment
activities is to preserve our capital to fund operations. We
also seek to maximize income from our investments without
assuming significant risk. To achieve our objectives, we
maintain a portfolio of investments in a variety of securities
of high credit quality. We have no exposure to auction rate
securities within our investment portfolio. The securities in
our investment portfolio are not leveraged, are classified as
available for sale and, due to their very short-term nature, are
subject to minimal interest rate risk. We currently do not hedge
interest rate exposure on our investment securities. We actively
monitor changes in interest rates.
We are exposed to potential loss due to changes in interest
rates. Our principal interest rate exposure is to changes in
U.S. interest rates related to our investment securities.
To estimate the potential loss due to changes in interest rates,
we performed a sensitivity analysis using the instantaneous
adverse change in interest rates of 100 basis points across
the yield curve. On this basis, we estimate the potential loss
in fair value that would result from a hypothetical 1%
(100 basis points) increase in interest rates to be $47,000
as of December 31, 2008.
50
|
|
|
ITEM 8.
|
FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
|
Our financial statements, together with related notes, are
listed in Item 15(a) and included herein beginning on
page 56.
|
|
|
ITEM 9.
|
CHANGES
IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
|
None.
|
|
|
ITEM 9A.
|
CONTROLS
AND PROCEDURES
|
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and
Procedures. As of the end of the period covered
by this annual report, we carried out an evaluation under the
supervision and with the participation of our management,
including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial
Officer, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and
procedures pursuant to Exchange Act Rules 13a
15 (e) and 15d 15 (e). Based on this
evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial
Officer have concluded that, as of the end of the period covered
by this annual report, the disclosure controls and procedures
were effective.
Internal Control Over Financial
Reporting. Management is responsible for
establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over
financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act
Rules 13a-15(f)
and
15d-15(f).
Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed
to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of
financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements
for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted
accounting principles.
Internal control over financial reporting cannot provide
absolute assurance of achieving financial reporting objectives
because of its inherent limitations. Internal control over
financial reporting is a process that involves human diligence
and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgment and
breakdowns resulting from human failures. Internal control over
financial reporting also can be circumvented by collusion or
improper management override. Because of such limitations, there
is a risk that material misstatements may not be prevented or
detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial
reporting. However, these inherent limitations are known
features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is
possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though
not eliminate, this risk.
Management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our
internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2008. In making this assessment, management
used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring
Organizations of the Treadway Commission in Internal
Control Integrated Framework. Based on the
results of this assessment and on those criteria, management
concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was
effective as of December 31, 2008.
The effectiveness of the our internal control over financial
reporting as of December 31, 2008 has been audited by
Ernst & Young LLP, an independent registered public
accounting firm, as stated in their report that appears herein.
There was no change in our internal control over financial
reporting during our last fiscal quarter that materially
affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our
internal control over financial reporting.
51
Report of
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm on Internal
Control Over Financial Reporting
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Trubion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
We have audited Trubion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.s internal
control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2008,
based on criteria established in Internal Control
Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring
Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the COSO criteria).
Trubion Pharmaceuticals Inc.s management is responsible
for maintaining effective internal control over financial
reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of
internal control over financial reporting included in the
accompanying Managements Report on Internal Control over
Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion
on the Companys internal control over financial reporting
based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those
standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control
over financial reporting was maintained in all material
respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of
internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk
that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the
design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on
the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we
considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our
audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A companys internal control over financial reporting is a
process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the
reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of
financial statements for external purposes in accordance with
generally accepted accounting principles. A companys
internal control over financial reporting includes those
policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance
of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly
reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the
company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions
are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial
statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting
principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company
are being made only in accordance with authorizations of
management and directors of the company; and (3) provide
reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of
unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the
companys assets that could have a material effect on the
financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over
financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.
Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future
periods are subject to the risk that controls may become
inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree
of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, Trubion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. maintained, in all
material respects, effective internal control over financial
reporting as of December 31, 2008, based on the COSO
criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the
2008 financial statements of Trubion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and
our report dated March 11, 2009 expressed an unqualified
opinion thereon.
Seattle, Washington
March 11, 2009
52
|
|
|
ITEM 9B.
|
OTHER
INFORMATION
|
On March 4, 2009, the compensation committee of our board
of directors recommended that our board designate Scott C.
Stromatt M.D., currently serving as our Senior Vice President
and Chief Medical Officer, as one of our executive officers. The
compensation committee also recommended that we enter into an
employment agreement with Dr. Stromatt in substantially the
same form as the employment agreements we have with our other
executive officers. On March 10, 2009, our board approved
Dr. Stromatts appointment as an executive officer and
the execution of an employment agreement with Dr. Stromatt
in the form recommended by our compensation committee. On
March 11, 2009, we executed and entered into an employment
agreement with Dr. Stromatt.
Pursuant to the terms of his employment agreement,
Dr. Stromatt is an at-will employee with an annual base
salary of not less than $315,000. In addition, Dr. Stromatt
is eligible to receive annual cash incentive compensation if
certain milestones, to be established by our board or
compensation committee, are achieved, and to participate in our
equity compensation plans, in each case as determined by our
board or compensation committee. If Dr. Stromatts
employment is terminated without cause or if he resigns for good
reason he will be entitled to receive a lump-sum severance
payment equal to 12 months of his base salary,
reimbursement of COBRA premiums for up to 12 months and
immediate vesting of that number of shares of his unvested
options and other then-outstanding equity awards that would have
vested if he had continued to be employed by us for 12
additional months following the termination date.
If Dr. Stromatts employment is terminated without
cause or if he resigns for good reason, either within the period
beginning three months before and ending twelve months after a
change in control or if his termination is required in the
merger or other agreement relating to the change in control or
is at the request of the other party or parties to the
transaction, Dr. Stromatts unvested options and other
then-outstanding equity awards shall be immediately vested and
he will be entitled to receive a lump-sum severance payment
equal to 15 months of his base salary and reimbursement of
COBRA premiums for up to 15 months.
To obtain the severance payments and the other benefits listed
above, Dr. Stromatt would be required to execute our
standard form of release of claims. Dr. Stromatts
employment agreement also includes a requirement that he not
compete with us or solicit our employees for one year from the
date of termination.
PART III
|
|
|
ITEM 10.
|
DIRECTORS,
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
|
The information required by this Item is contained in part in
the sections captioned Board of Directors,
Summary of Trubions Corporate Governance
Guidelines, Committees of the Board of
Directors, Executive Officers and
Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting
Compliance in the proxy statement for Trubions
Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held on or around
May 27, 2009, and such information is incorporated herein
by reference.
|
|
|
ITEM 11.
|
EXECUTIVE
COMPENSATION
|
The information required by this Item is contained in the
section captioned Executive Compensation of the
proxy statement for Trubions Annual Meeting of
Stockholders scheduled to be held on or around May 27,
2009, and such information is incorporated herein by reference.
|
|
|
ITEM 12.
|
SECURITY
OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND
RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
|
The information required by this Item is contained in part in
the sections captioned Voting Securities and Principal
Holders and Other Matters Securities
Authorized for Issuance under Equity Compensation Plans in
the proxy statement for Trubions Annual Meeting of
Stockholders scheduled to be held on or around May 27,
2009, and such information is incorporated herein by reference.
53
|
|
|
ITEM 13.
|
CERTAIN
RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR
INDEPENDENCE
|
The information required by this Item is contained in the
sections captioned Transactions with Related Persons
and Summary of Trubions Corporate Governance
Guidelines of the proxy statement for Trubions
Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be held on or around
May 27, 2009, and such information is incorporated herein
by reference.
|
|
|
ITEM 14.
|
PRINCIPAL
ACCOUNTANT FEES AND SERVICES
|
The information required by this Item is contained in the
section captioned Audit Committee Matters
Independent Auditor Fees of the proxy statement for
Trubions Annual Meeting of Stockholders scheduled to be
held on or around May 27, 2009, and such information is
incorporated herein by reference.
PART IV
|
|
|
ITEM 15.
|
EXHIBITS AND
FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
|
(a) 1. Financial Statements
The financial statements required by this item are included
herein:
| |
|
|
|
|
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|
|
Page No.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
59
|
|
|
|
|
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60
|
|
|
|
|
|
61
|
|
|
|
|
|
62
|
|
|
|
|
|
65
|
|
|
|
|
|
66
|
|
(a) 2. Financial Statement Schedules
None.
(a) 3. Exhibits
| |
|
|
|
|
Exhibit
|
|
|
|
Number
|
|
Description
|
|
|
|
|
3
|
.1(1)
|
|
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
(exhibit 3.1)
|
|
|
3
|
.2(11)
|
|
Amended and Restated Bylaws (exhibit 3.1)
|
|
|
4
|
.1(2)
|
|
Form of common stock certificate (exhibit 4.1)
|
|
|
4
|
.2(1)
|
|
Amended and Restated Investor Rights Agreement, dated
July 13, 2004 (exhibit 4.2)
|
|
|
4
|
.3(1)
|
|
Amendment No. 1 to Amended and Restated Investor Rights
Agreement, dated December 19, 2005 (exhibit 4.3)
|
|
|
10
|
.1(1)+
|
|
Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into between the
registrant and its directors and officers (exhibit 10.1)
|
|
|
10
|
.2(1)+
|
|
2002 Stock Plan (exhibit 10.2)
|
|
|
10
|
.3(1)+
|
|
Form of Stock Option Agreement under the 2002 Stock Plan
(exhibit 10.3)
|
|
|
10
|
.4(1)+
|
|
2002 Equity Incentive Plan (exhibit 10.4)
|
|
|
10
|
.5(1)+
|
|
Form of Stock Option Agreement under the 2002 Equity Incentive
Plan (exhibit 10.5)
|
|
|
10
|
.6(2)+
|
|
2006 Equity Incentive Plan (exhibit 10.6)
|
|
|
10
|
.7(2)+
|
|
Form of Stock Option Agreement under the 2006 Equity Incentive
Plan (exhibit 10.7)
|
|
|
10
|
.8(1)
|
|
Lease Agreement between the registrant and Selig Real Estate
Holdings Eight, dated April 28, 2003 (exhibit 10.8)
|
54
| |
|
|
|
|
Exhibit
|
|
|
|
Number
|
|
Description
|
|
|
|
|
10
|
.9(1)
|
|
Amendment to Lease Agreement between the registrant and Selig
Real Estate Holdings Eight, dated December 8, 2004
(exhibit 10.9)
|
|
|
10
|
.10(1)
|
|
Amendment to Lease Agreement between the registrant and Selig
Real Estate Holdings Eight, dated February 1, 2006
(exhibit 10.10)
|
|
|
10
|
.11(10)
|
|
Amendment to Lease Agreement between the registrant and Selig
Real Estate Holdings Eight, L.L.C, dated February 2, 2007
(exhibit 10.1)
|
|
|
10
|
.12(3)
|
|
Collaboration and License Agreement between the registrant and
Wyeth, acting through Wyeth Pharmaceuticals Division, dated
December 19, 2005 (exhibit 10.11)
|
|
|
10
|
.13(5)
|
|
Amendment No. 1 to the Collaboration and License Agreement
between the registrant and Wyeth, acting through Wyeth
Pharmaceuticals Division, dated November 30, 2006
(exhibit 10.12)
|
|
|
10
|
.14(1)
|
|
Common Stock Purchase Agreement between the registrant and
Wyeth, dated December 19, 2005 (exhibit 10.12)
|
|
|
10
|
.15(10)
|
|
Novation Agreement effective as of January 1, 2007, among
the registrant, Lonza Biologics, Inc. and Lonza Sales AG,
effective January 1, 2007 (exhibit 10.3)
|
|
|
10
|
.16(7)+
|
|
Employment Agreement between the registrant and Peter A.
Thompson, M.D., FACP dated March 21, 2008
(exhibit 10.1)
|
|
|
10
|
.17(7)+
|
|
Employment Agreement between the registrant and Michelle Burris
dated March 21, 2008 (exhibit 10.2)
|
|
|
10
|
.18(7)+
|
|
Employment Agreement between the registrant and Daniel J. Burge
dated March 21, 2008 (exhibit 10.3)
|
|
|
10
|
.19(7)+
|
|
Employment Agreement between the registrant and Kathleen
McKereghan Deeley dated March 21, 2008 (exhibit 10.4)
|
|
|
10
|
.20(7)+
|
|
Employment Agreement between the registrant and Kendall M.
Mohler, Ph.D. dated March 21, 2008 (exhibit 10.5)
|
|
|
10
|
.21(8)
|
|
Form of Amendment No. 1 to Employment Agreement between the
registrant and each Executive Officer (exhibit 10.1)
|
|
|
10
|
.22(1)
|
|
Consulting Agreement with Lee R. Brettman, M.D., FACP,
dated January 1, 2003 (exhibit 10.31)
|
|
|
10
|
.23(1)
|
|
Letter from Oxford Finance Corporation, dated April 2, 2003
(exhibit 10.33)
|
|
|
10
|
.24(1)
|
|
Letter from Oxford Finance Corporation, dated November 3,
2004 (exhibit 10.34)
|
|
|
10
|
.25(1)
|
|
Master Security Agreement with Oxford Finance Corporation, dated
June 18, 2003 (exhibit 10.35)
|
|
|
10
|
.26(1)
|
|
Form of Oxford Finance Corporation Promissory Note
(exhibit 10.36)
|
|
|
10
|
.27(1)
|
|
Technology & Investment Agreement by and among the
registrant, Jeffrey A. Ledbetter, Ph.D., Martha
Hayden-Ledbetter, Ph.D., and the Pacific Northwest Research
Institute, dated December 31, 2001 (exhibit 10.39)
|
|
|
10
|
.28(4)
|
|
Independent Contractor Agreement between the registrant and
Martha Hayden-Ledbetter, Ph.D., dated May 1, 2004
(exhibit 10.40)
|
|
|
10
|
.29(9)
|
|
Loan and Security Agreement between the registrant and Silicon
Valley Bank, dated July 25, 2008 (exhibit 99.1)
|
|
|
10
|
.30(6)
|
|
First Amendment to Loan and Security Agreement between the
registrant and Comerica Bank, entered into as of July 24,
2007 (exhibit 10.1)
|
|
|
23
|
.1*
|
|
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
|
|
|
24
|
.1*
|
|
Power of Attorney (included on signature page)
|
|
|
31
|
.1*
|
|
Certification of Chief Executive Officer of Trubion
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Pursuant to Exchange Act
Rules 13a-14(a)
and 15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|
55
| |
|
|
|
|
Exhibit
|
|
|
|
Number
|
|
Description
|
|
|
|
|
31
|
.2*
|
|
Certification of Chief Financial Officer of Trubion
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Pursuant to Exchange Act
Rules 13a-14(a)
and 15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|
|
|
32
|
*
|
|
Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial
Officer of Trubion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Pursuant to
18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
Filed herewith |
| |
|
(1) |
|
Incorporated by reference to the designated exhibit to the
registrants Registration Statement on
Form S-1
filed with the SEC on June 2, 2006 (File
No. 333-134709). |
| |
|
(2) |
|
Incorporated by reference to the designated exhibit to the
registrants Registration Statement on
Form S-1
filed with the SEC on October 2, 2006 (File
No. 333-134709). |
| |
|
(3) |
|
Incorporated by reference to the designated exhibit to the
registrants Registration Statement on
Form S-1
filed with the SEC on October 5, 2006 (File
No. 333-134709). |
| |
|
(4) |
|
Incorporated by reference to the designated exhibit to the
registrants Registration Statement on
Form S-1
filed with the SEC on July 18, 2006 (File
No. 333-134709). |
| |
|
(5) |
|
Incorporated by reference to the designated exhibit to the
registrants Annual Report on
Form 10-K
filed with the SEC on March 26, 2007 (File
No. 001-33054). |
| |
|
(6) |
|
Incorporated by reference to the designated exhibit to the
registrants Current Report on
Form 8-K
filed with the SEC on July 26, 2007 (File
No. 001-33054). |
| |
|
(7) |
|
Incorporated by reference to the designated exhibit to the
registrants Current Report on
Form 8-K
filed with the SEC on March 25, 2008 (File
No. 001-33054). |
| |
|
(8) |
|
Incorporated by reference to the designated exhibit to the
registrants Current Report on
Form 8-K/A
filed with the SEC on April 8, 2008 (File
No. 001-33054). |
| |
|
(9) |
|
Incorporated by reference to the designated exhibit to the
registrants Current Report on
Form 8-K
filed with the SEC on July 29, 2008 (File
No. 001-33054). |
| |
|
(10) |
|
Incorporated by reference to the designated exhibit to the
registrants Quarterly Report on
Form 10-Q
filed with the SEC on August 7, 2008 (File
No. 001-33054). |
| |
|
(11) |
|
Incorporated by reference to the designated exhibit to the
registrants Current Report on
Form 8-K
filed with the SEC on November 26, 2008 (File
No. 001-33054). |
| |
|
|
|
Portions of the agreement are subject to confidential treatment |
| |
|
+ |
|
Executive Compensation Plan or Agreement |
56
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has
duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the
undersigned, thereunto duly authorized in the city of Seattle,
state of Washington, on March 12, 2009.
TRUBION PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
|
|
|
| |
By:
|
/s/ Peter
A. Thompson
|
Peter A. Thompson, M.D., FACP
President, Chief Executive Officer and
Chairman of the Board of Directors
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose
signature appears below constitutes and appoints Michelle Burris
and Kathleen Deeley, and each of them, with full power of
substitution and resubstitution and full power to act without
the other, as his or her true and lawful attorney-in-fact and
agent to act in his or her name, place, and stead and to execute
in the name and on behalf of each person, individually and in
each capacity stated below, and to file, any and all amendments
to this report, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto,
and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities
and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact
and agents, and each of them, full power and authority to do and
perform each and every act and thing, ratifying and confirming
all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them or
their and her substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or
cause to be done by virtue thereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons
on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated and
on the dates indicated.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Signature
|
|
Title
|
|
Date
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Peter
A. Thompson
Peter
A. Thompson, M.D., FACP
|
|
President, Chief Executive Officer, Chairman of the Board and
Director (Principal Executive Officer)
|
|
March 12, 2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Michelle
G. Burris
Michelle
G. Burris
|
|
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal
Accounting and Financial Officer)
|
|
March 12, 2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Lee
R. Brettman
Lee
R. Brettman, M.D., FACP
|
|
Director
|
|
March 12, 2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Patrick
J. Heron
Patrick
J. Heron
|
|
Director
|
|
March 12, 2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Anders
D. Hove
Anders
D. Hove, M.D.
|
|
Director
|
|
March 12, 2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Steven
Gillis
Steven
Gillis, Ph.D.
|
|
Director
|
|
March 12, 2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ David
A. Mann
David
A. Mann
|
|
Director
|
|
March 12, 2009
|
57
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Signature
|
|
Title
|
|
Date
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Samuel
R. Saks
Samuel
R. Saks, M.D.
|
|
Director
|
|
March 12, 2009
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ David
Schnell
David
Schnell, M.D.
|
|
Director
|
|
March 12, 2009
|
58
Report of
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Trubion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Trubion
Pharmaceuticals, Inc. as of December 31, 2008 and 2007, and
the related statements of operations, convertible preferred
stock and stockholders equity (deficit), and cash flows
for each of the three years in the period ended
December 31, 2008. These financial statements are the
responsibility of the Companys management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial
statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those
standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are
free of material misstatement. An audit also includes examining,
on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures
in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles
used and significant estimates made by management, and
evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We
believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our
opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above
present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position
of Trubion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. at December 31, 2008 and
2007, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for
each of the three years in the period ended December 31,
2008, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting
principles.
As discussed in Note 1 to the financial statements, the
Company adopted Emerging Issues Task Force, or EITF,
07-3,
Accounting for Nonrefundable Advance Payments for Goods or
Services Received for Use in Future Research and Development
Activities, as of January 1, 2008.
We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the
Companys internal control over financial reporting as of
December 31, 2008, based on the criteria established in
Internal Control Integrated Framework issued
by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway
Commission and our report dated March 11, 2009 expressed an
unqualified opinion on the Companys internal control over
financial reporting.
Seattle, Washington
March 11, 2009
59
TRUBION
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
|
(In thousands, except share and par value)
|
|
|
|
|
ASSETS
|
|
Current assets:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents
|
|
$
|
29,969
|
|
|
$
|
41,827
|
|
|
Investments
|
|
|
22,928
|
|
|
|
36,688
|
|
|
Receivable from collaboration
|
|
|
3,084
|
|
|
|
4,237
|
|
|
Prepaid expenses
|
|
|
2,112
|
|
|
|
1,224
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current assets
|
|
|
58,093
|
|
|
|
83,976
|
|
|
Property and equipment, net
|
|
|
9,190
|
|
|
|
11,163
|
|
|
Other assets
|
|
|
7
|
|
|
|
35
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets
|
|
$
|
67,290
|
|
|
$
|
95,174
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
|
|
Current liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accounts payable
|
|
$
|
301
|
|
|
$
|
1,031
|
|
|
Accrued liabilities
|
|
|
4,981
|
|
|
|
3,337
|
|
|
Accrued compensation
|
|
|
1,169
|
|
|
|
2,022
|
|
|
Current portion of notes payable
|
|
|
1,302
|
|
|
|
2,426
|
|
|
Current portion of deferred rent
|
|
|
180
|
|
|
|
180
|
|
|
Current portion of deferred revenue
|
|
|
4,873
|
|
|
|
5,848
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current liabilities
|
|
|
12,806
|
|
|
|
14,844
|
|
|
Non-current portion of notes payable
|
|
|
8,261
|
|
|
|
7,567
|
|
|
Non-current portion of deferred rent
|
|
|
135
|
|
|
|
315
|
|
|
Non-current portion of deferred revenue
|
|
|
14,620
|
|
|
|
19,006
|
|
|
Interest rate swap liability
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
129
|
|
|
Commitments and contingencies
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders equity:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share; shares
authorized 5,000,000 at December 31, 2008 and
2007; issued and outstanding none at
December 31, 2008 and 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Common stock, $0.001 par value per share; shares
authorized 150,000,000; outstanding
17,882,307 and 17,792,170 at December 31, 2008 and 2007,
respectively
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
|
18
|
|
|
Additional paid-in capital
|
|
|
123,846
|
|
|
|
120,471
|
|
|
Deferred stock-based compensation
|
|
|
(30
|
)
|
|
|
(294
|
)
|
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income
|
|
|
103
|
|
|
|
28
|
|
|
Accumulated deficit
|
|
|
(92,469
|
)
|
|
|
(66,910
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total stockholders equity
|
|
|
31,468
|
|
|
|
53,313
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total liabilities and stockholders equity
|
|
$
|
67,290
|
|
|
$
|
95,174
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes
60
TRUBION
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
(In thousands, except per share data)
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Collaboration revenue
|
|
$
|
16,467
|
|
|
$
|
20,148
|
|
|
$
|
36,530
|
|
|
Operating expenses:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development
|
|
|
31,608
|
|
|
|
36,466
|
|
|
|
33,309
|
|
|
General and administrative
|
|
|
11,374
|
|
|
|
10,833
|
|
|
|
9,473
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
42,982
|
|
|
|
47,299
|
|
|
|
42,782
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Loss from operations
|
|
|
(26,515
|
)
|
|
|
(27,151
|
)
|
|
|
(6,252
|
)
|
|
Interest income
|
|
|
1,781
|
|
|
|
4,607
|
|
|
|
2,494
|
|
|
Interest expense
|
|
|
(825
|
)
|
|
|
(770
|
)
|
|
|
(272
|
)
|
|
Other income
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
101
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$
|
(25,559
|
)
|
|
$
|
(23,314
|
)
|
|
$
|
(3,929
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basic and diluted net loss per share
|
|
$
|
(1.43
|
)
|
|
$
|
(1.32
|
)
|
|
$
|
(0.83
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares used in computation of basic and diluted net loss per
share
|
|
|
17,856
|
|
|
|
17,688
|
|
|
|
4,744
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes
61
TRUBION
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
Convertible
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional
|
|
|
Deferred
|
|
|
Comprehensive
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred Stock
|
|
|
Common Stock
|
|
|
Paid-in
|
|
|
Stock-Based
|
|
|
Income
|
|
|
Accumulated
|
|
|
Equity
|
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Capital
|
|
|
Compensation
|
|
|
(Loss)
|
|
|
Deficit
|
|
|
(Deficit)
|
|
|
|
|
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at January 1, 2006
|
|
|
10,652,057
|
|
|
$
|
45,753
|
|
|
|
1,395,201
|
|
|
$
|
1
|
|
|
$
|
3,357
|
|
|
$
|
(1,591
|
)
|
|
$
|
(2
|
)
|
|
$
|
(39,667
|
)
|
|
$
|
(37,902
|
)
|
|
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
93,167
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
94
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
94
|
|
|
Stock-based compensation to non-employees at fair value
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
834
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
834
|
|
|
Vesting of non-employee restricted stock
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8
|
|
|
Stock-based compensation expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,573
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,573
|
|
|
Amortization of deferred stock-based compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
530
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
530
|
|
|
Reversal of deferred stock-based compensation due to employee
terminations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(132
|
)
|
|
|
132
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock option modification
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
230
|
|
|
|
79
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
309
|
|
|
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock
|
|
|
(10,652,057
|
)
|
|
|
(45,753
|
)
|
|
|
10,652,057
|
|
|
|
11
|
|
|
|
45,742
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
45,753
|
|
|
Net exercise of preferred stock warrants into common stock
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13,893
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
181
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
181
|
|
|
Issuance of common stock for cash in initial public offering,
net of offering expenses of $7,020
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4,600,000
|
|
|
|
5
|
|
|
|
52,775
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
52,780
|
|
|
Issuance of common stock for cash in private placement offering
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
800,000
|
|
|
|
1
|
|
|
|
10,399
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,400
|
|
|
Comprehensive loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Unrealized holding gain on
available-for-sale
securities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
23
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3,929
|
)
|
|
|
(3,929
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(3,906
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2006 (carried forward)
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
17,554,318
|
|
|
$
|
18
|
|
|
$
|
117,061
|
|
|
$
|
(850
|
)
|
|
$
|
21
|
|
|
$
|
(43,596
|
)
|
|
$
|
72,654
|
|
See accompanying notes
62
TRUBION
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
STATEMENT
OF CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
(DEFECIT) (Continued)
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
Convertible
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional
|
|
|
Deferred
|
|
|
Comprehensive
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred Stock
|
|
|
Common Stock
|
|
|
Paid-in
|
|
|
Stock-Based
|
|
|
Income
|
|
|
Accumulated
|
|
|
Equity
|
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Capital
|
|
|
Compensation
|
|
|
(Loss)
|
|
|
Deficit
|
|
|
(Deficit)
|
|
|
|
|
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2006 (brought forward)
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
17,554,318
|
|
|
$
|
18
|
|
|
$
|
117,061
|
|
|
$
|
(850
|
)
|
|
$
|
21
|
|
|
$
|
(43,596
|
)
|
|
$
|
72,654
|
|
|
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
237,852
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
468
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
468
|
|
|
Stock-based compensation to non-employees at fair value
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
91
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
91
|
|
|
Stock-based compensation expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,881
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,881
|
|
|
Amortization of deferred stock-based compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
526
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
526
|
|
|
Reversal of deferred stock-based compensation due to employee
terminations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(30
|
)
|
|
|
30
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in valuation of interest rate swap liability for the
twelve months ended December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(129
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(129
|
)
|
|
Unrealized holding gain on
available-for-sale
securities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
136
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
136
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(23,314
|
)
|
|
|
(23,314
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(23,307
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2007 (carried forward)
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
17,792,170
|
|
|
$
|
18
|
|
|
$
|
120,471
|
|
|
$
|
(294
|
)
|
|
$
|
28
|
|
|
$
|
(66,910
|
)
|
|
$
|
53,313
|
|
See accompanying notes
63
TRUBION
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
STATEMENT
OF CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY
(DEFECIT) (Continued)
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
Convertible
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Additional
|
|
|
Deferred
|
|
|
Comprehensive
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders
|
|
|
|
|
Preferred Stock
|
|
|
Common Stock
|
|
|
Paid-in
|
|
|
Stock-Based
|
|
|
Income
|
|
|
Accumulated
|
|
|
Equity
|
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Amount
|
|
|
Capital
|
|
|
Compensation
|
|
|
(Loss)
|
|
|
Deficit
|
|
|
(Deficit)
|
|
|
|
|
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2007 (brought forward)
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
17,792,170
|
|
|
$
|
18
|
|
|
$
|
120,471
|
|
|
$
|
(294
|
)
|
|
$
|
28
|
|
|
$
|
(66,910
|
)
|
|
$
|
53,313
|
|
|
Issuance of common stock upon exercise of stock options
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
90,137
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
91
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
91
|
|
|
Stock-based compensation to non-employees at fair value
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
106
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
106
|
|
|
Stock-based compensation expense
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,216
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,216
|
|
|
Amortization of deferred stock-based compensation
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
226
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
226
|
|
|
Reversal of deferred stock-based compensation due to employee
terminations
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(38
|
)
|
|
|
38
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Realized loss on interest rate swap liability
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
129
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
129
|
|
|
Unrealized holding loss on
available-for-sale
securities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(54
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(54
|
)
|
|
Net loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(25,559
|
)
|
|
|
(25,559
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Comprehensive loss
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(25,484
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
17,882,307
|
|
|
$
|
18
|
|
|
$
|
123,846
|
|
|
$
|
(30
|
)
|
|
$
|
103
|
|
|
$
|
(92,469
|
)
|
|
$
|
31,468
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
See accompanying notes
64
TRUBION
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
(In thousands)
|
|
|
|
|
Operating activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net loss
|
|
$
|
(25,559
|
)
|
|
$
|
(23,314
|
)
|
|
$
|
(3,929
|
)
|
|
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used
in) operating activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-cash stock-based compensation expense
|
|
|
3,548
|
|
|
|
3,498
|
|
|
|
5,246
|
|
|
Depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
3,230
|
|
|
|
2,936
|
|
|
|
1,534
|
|
|
Net amortization of premium (discount) on investments
|
|
|
81
|
|
|
|
(7
|
)
|
|
|
(366
|
)
|
|
Amortization of debt discount
|
|
|
34
|
|
|
|
21
|
|
|
|
25
|
|
|
Revaluation of warrants to fair value
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(101
|
)
|
|
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Receivable from collaboration
|
|
|
1,153
|
|
|
|
117
|
|
|
|
35,646
|
|
|
Prepaid expenses and other assets
|
|
|
(860
|
)
|
|
|
(354
|
)
|
|
|
(586
|
)
|
|
Accounts payable
|
|
|
(730
|
)
|
|
|
(506
|
)
|
|
|
704
|
|
|
Accrued liabilities and compensation
|
|
|
791
|
|
|
|
(1,658
|
)
|
|
|
5,071
|
|
|
Deferred revenue
|
|
|
(5,361
|
)
|
|
|
(6,924
|
)
|
|
|
(8,000
|
)
|
|
Deferred rent
|
|
|
(180
|
)
|
|
|
(180
|
)
|
|
|
(173
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities
|
|
|
(23,853
|
)
|
|
|
(26,371
|
)
|
|
|
35,071
|
|
|
Investing activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Purchase of property and equipment
|
|
|
(1,257
|
)
|
|
|
(3,765
|
)
|
|
|
(7,970
|
)
|
|
Purchase of investments
|
|
|
(64,385
|
)
|
|
|
(81,240
|
)
|
|
|
(95,663
|
)
|
|
Sales of investments
|
|
|
20,255
|
|
|
|
4,458
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Maturities of investments
|
|
|
57,755
|
|
|
|
89,624
|
|
|
|
51,776
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities
|
|
|
12,368
|
|
|
|
9,077
|
|
|
|
(51,857
|
)
|
|
Financing Activities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proceeds from issuance of notes payable
|
|
|
10,000
|
|
|
|
3,516
|
|
|
|
6,458
|
|
|
Payments on notes payable
|
|
|
(10,464
|
)
|
|
|
(1,277
|
)
|
|
|
(1,213
|
)
|
|
Net proceeds from the initial public offering
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
52,780
|
|
|
Proceeds from the private placement of common stock to Wyeth
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
10,400
|
|
|
Proceeds from issuance of common stock and exercise of stock
options
|
|
|
91
|
|
|
|
468
|
|
|
|
94
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities
|
|
|
(373
|
)
|
|
|
2,707
|
|
|
|
68,519
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
|
|
|
(11,858
|
)
|
|
|
(14,587
|
)
|
|
|
51,733
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year
|
|
|
41,827
|
|
|
|
56,414
|
|
|
|
4,681
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
|
|
$
|
29,969
|
|
|
$
|
41,827
|
|
|
$
|
56,414
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supplemental disclosure information:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash paid for interest
|
|
$
|
807
|
|
|
$
|
713
|
|
|
$
|
217
|
|
|
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Conversion of preferred stock to common stock
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
45,753
|
|
|
Net exercise of preferred stock warrants to common stock
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
181
|
|
See accompanying notes
65
TRUBION
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
|
|
|
1.
|
Organization
and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
|
Organization
Trubion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. was originally formed in 1999 in
the state of Washington as a limited liability company and
reincorporated in October 2002 in the state of Delaware. In
September 2003 we changed our name to Trubion Pharmaceuticals,
Inc.
We are a biopharmaceutical company creating a pipeline of novel
protein therapeutic product candidates to treat autoimmune and
inflammatory diseases and cancer. Our mission is to develop a
variety of
first-in-class
and
best-in-class
product candidates customized in an effort to optimize safety,
efficacy, and convenience that we believe may offer improved
patient experiences. Our current product candidates are novel
small modular immunopharmaceutical, or
SMIPtm,
therapeutics, a new generation of antibody alternatives. Our
current therapeutics under development target specific antigens
on B cells such as CD20 and CD37, and are designed using our
custom drug assembly technology. In order to fund ongoing
development activities and commercialize our products, we will,
in some cases, enter into collaboration agreements that would
likely include licenses to our technology and arrangements to
provide research and development services for others.
In December 2005 we entered into a collaboration agreement with
Wyeth for the development and worldwide commercialization of
certain therapeutics, including our lead product candidate,
TRU-015. To date, none of our product candidates has been
approved for marketing and sale and we have not received any
product revenue. We operate in a single reporting segment, which
is the development of pharmaceutical products on our own behalf,
or in collaboration with others.
Use of
Estimates
Our financial statements have been prepared in accordance with
U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The
preparation of these financial statements requires us to make
estimates and judgments in certain circumstances that affect the
reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses,
and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. In
preparing these financial statements, management has made its
best estimates and judgments of certain amounts included in the
financial statements, giving due consideration to materiality.
On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those
related to revenue recognition, valuation of investments, fair
values of assets, income taxes, clinical trial and manufacturing
accruals, and other contingencies. Management bases its
estimates on historical experience and on various other
assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the
circumstances. Actual results could differ from these estimates.
Fair
Value of Financial Instruments
We carry cash, cash equivalents, and investments
available-for-sale
at fair value. Our other financial instruments, including
accounts receivable, accounts payable, and accrued liabilities,
are carried at cost, which approximates fair value given their
short-term nature.
Cash,
Cash Equivalents and Investments
We consider all highly liquid investments with original
maturities of 90 days or less from date of purchase to be
cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist of interest-bearing
instruments, including obligations of U.S. government
agencies, high credit rating corporate borrowers, and money
market funds, which are carried at market value.
We classify our investment portfolio as
available-for-sale.
Available-for sale securities are carried at estimated fair
value, with the unrealized gains and losses, if any, reported in
stockholders equity and included in accumulated other
comprehensive income (loss). We consider an investment with a
remaining maturity
66
TRUBION
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
greater than one year as long-term and a remaining maturity less
than one year as short-term at the balance sheet date. The cost
of securities in this category is adjusted for amortization of
premiums and accretion of discounts from the date of purchase to
maturity. Such amortization is included in interest income.
Realized gains and losses and declines in value judged to be
other than temporary on
available-for-sale
securities are also included in interest income. The cost of
securities sold is based on the specific identification method.
Property
and Equipment
Property and equipment, including leasehold improvements, are
stated at cost, less accumulated depreciation and amortization.
Property and equipment is depreciated using the straight-line
method over the estimated useful lives of the assets, which
range from three to five years. Leasehold improvements are
depreciated over the shorter of their estimated useful lives or
the related lease term ranging from five to seven years.
Impairment
of Long-Lived Assets
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, Accounting for
the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets, or
SFAS 144, requires losses from impairment of long-lived
assets used in operations to be recorded when indicators of
impairment are present and the undiscounted cash flows estimated
to be generated by those assets are less than the assets
carrying amount. We periodically evaluate the carrying value of
long-lived assets to be held and used when events and
circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may
not be recovered.
Deferred
Rent
Lease incentives, including rent holidays and tenant improvement
allowances provided by lessors, and rent escalation provisions
are accrued as deferred rent. We recognize rent expense on a
straight-line basis over the term of the lease. The related
benefits are included in research and development expense or
general and administrative expense based on the nature of the
related expense.
Revenue
Recognition
Revenue is recognized when there is persuasive evidence that an
arrangement exists, delivery has occurred, the price is fixed or
determinable, and collection is reasonably assured. Revenue
arrangements with multiple elements are divided into separate
units of accounting if certain criteria are met, including
whether the delivered element has stand-alone value to the
customer and whether there is objective and reliable evidence of
the fair value of the undelivered items. The consideration
received is allocated among the separate units of accounting
based on their respective fair values when there is reliable
evidence of fair value for the undelivered elements of the
arrangement. If separable, the applicable revenue recognition
criteria are then applied to each of the separate units. For
combined units of accounting, the revenue is generally
recognized in the same manner as the final deliverable.
Generally, revenue related to licensing activity and our
research and development services under collaboration agreements
is recognized ratably over the estimated term of the research
and development service period. Payments received in advance of
work performed are recorded as deferred revenue and recognized
when earned.
We recognize revenue from our collaboration agreement with
Wyeth, which consists of non-refundable, non-creditable up-front
fees and license fees, collaborative research funding,
regulatory and sales milestones, and future product royalties.
Revenue related to the Wyeth collaboration is recognized as
follows:
Up-Front Fees and License
Fees. Non-refundable, non-creditable up-front
fees and license fees received in connection with collaborative
research and development agreements are deferred and recognized
on a straight-line basis over the estimated term of the research
and development service
67
TRUBION
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
period. The estimated term of the research and development
service period is reviewed and adjusted based on the status of
the project against the estimated timeline as additional
information becomes available. We also consider the time frame
of our substantive contractual obligations related to research
and development agreements when estimating the term of the
research and development period. Revenue may fluctuate in the
future due to adjustments to the estimated term of the research
and development service period.
Collaborative Research Funding. Certain
internal and external research and development costs and patent
costs are reimbursed in connection with collaboration
agreements. Reimbursed costs are recognized as revenue in the
same period the costs were incurred.
Milestones. Payments for milestones that are
based on the achievement of substantive and at-risk performance
criteria are recognized in full at such time as the specified
milestone has been achieved according to the terms of the
agreement. When payments are not for substantive and at-risk
milestones, revenue will be recognized immediately for the
proportionate amount of the payment that correlates to services
that have already been rendered, with the balance recognized on
a straight-line basis over the remaining estimated term of the
research and development service period. The estimated term of
the research and development service period is reviewed and
adjusted based on the status of the project against the
estimated timeline as additional information becomes available.
Research
and Development
We account for research and development costs in accordance with
SFAS No. 2, Accounting for Research and Development
Costs, and Emerging Issues Task Force, or EITF, Issue
No. 07-3,
Accounting for Advance Payments for Goods or Services to Be
Used in Future Research and Development Activities. Research
and development costs are expensed as the related goods are
delivered or the related services are performed. Research and
development costs include, but are not limited to, salaries and
benefits, lab supplies, preclinical fees, clinical trial and
related clinical manufacturing costs, allocated overhead costs,
and professional service fees.
Income
Taxes
We account for income taxes under the liability method in
accordance with the provision of SFAS No. 109,
Accounting for Income Taxes, or SFAS 109.
SFAS 109 requires recognition of deferred taxes to provide
for temporary differences between financial reporting and tax
basis of assets and liabilities. Deferred taxes are measured
using enacted tax rates expected to be in effect in a year in
which the basis difference is expected to reverse. We continue
to record a valuation allowance for the full amount of deferred
assets, which would otherwise be recorded for tax benefits
relating to operating loss and tax credit carryforwards, as
realization of such deferred tax assets cannot be determined to
be more likely than not.
In June 2006 FASB issued FIN 48, Accounting for
Uncertainty in Income Taxes. FIN 48 clarifies the
accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an
enterprises financial statements in accordance with
SFAS 109. This interpretation prescribes a recognition
threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement
recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected
to be taken in a tax return. FIN 48 also provides guidance
on derecognition of tax benefits, classification on the balance
sheet, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods,
disclosure, and transition.
We adopted FIN 48 effective January 1, 2007. At the
date of adoption of FIN 48 and during the twelve months
ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, we had no unrecognized
tax benefits and expect no significant changes in unrecognized
tax benefits in the next 12 months. In accordance with
FIN 48, paragraph 19, we will classify any interest
and penalties as a component of tax expense. To date there have
been no interest or penalties charged to us in relation to the
underpayment of income taxes. We file our tax returns as
prescribed
68
TRUBION
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
by the tax laws of the jurisdictions in which we operate. We are
subject to audit by the Internal Revenue Service for all years
since inception.
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
Comprehensive income (loss) is comprised of net loss and
unrealized gains (losses) on marketable securities and
derivatives. Total comprehensive income (loss) for all other
periods presented has been disclosed in the statements of
stockholders equity.
The components of accumulated comprehensive income (loss), net
of taxes at December 31, 2008 and 2007 were as follows (in
thousands):
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
|
Net unrealized gains on investments
available-for-sale
|
|
$
|
103
|
|
|
$
|
157
|
|
|
Net unrealized losses on cash flow hedges
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(129
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Accumulated other comprehensive income
|
|
$
|
103
|
|
|
$
|
28
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock-Based
Compensation
We follow the fair value recognition provisions of
SFAS No. 123R, Share-Based Payment, or
SFAS 123R, which requires the measurement and recognition
of compensation expenses for all future share-based payments
made to employees and directors be based on estimated fair
values. Compensation costs for employee stock options granted
prior to January 1, 2006 were accounted for using the
options intrinsic value or the difference, if any, between
the fair market value of our common stock and the exercise price
of the option.
We account for stock options issued to non-employees using the
fair value method of accounting prescribed by
SFAS No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation, or SFAS 123, as amended by
SFAS No. 148, Accounting for Stock-Based
Compensation Transition and Disclosure, or
SFAS 148, and EITF Consensus
No. 96-18,
Accounting for Equity Instruments That Are Issued to Other
Than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling,
Goods or Services, or
EITF 96-18.
The stock compensation costs of these options granted to
non-employees are estimated using the Black-Scholes valuation
model. Stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the
period of expected service by the non-employee. As the service
is performed, we are required to update our valuation
assumptions, remeasure unvested options and record the
stock-based compensation using the valuation as of the vesting
date.
Concentration
of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that subject us to potential credit risk
consist of cash, cash equivalents and investments. Our cash,
cash equivalents and investments are placed with high
credit-quality financial institutions and issuers. We believe
that our established guidelines for investment of excess cash
maintain safety and liquidity through policies on
diversification and investment maturity.
Major
Customers
Wyeth accounted for 100% of our collaboration revenue in the
years ended December 31, 2008, 2007, and 2006. Cash
received from Wyeth was $12.3 million, $13.3 million,
and $64.2 million in the years ended December 31,
2008, 2007, and 2006, respectively.
Recently
Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006 the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or
FASB, released Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, or SFAS 157,
which is effective for fiscal years
69
TRUBION
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
beginning after November 15, 2007. We adopted the
provisions of SFAS 157 as of January 1, 2008, with
respect to our financial assets and liabilities only. The
adoption of SFAS 157 did not have a material impact on our
financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for
measuring fair value under GAAP, and expands disclosures about
fair value measurements. In November 2007, the FASB agreed to a
one-year deferral of the effective date for non-financial assets
and liabilities that are recognized or disclosed at fair value
on a nonrecurring basis. We do not believe the adoption of the
portion of the pronouncement covered by the deferral will have a
material impact on our results of operations or financial
condition.
In June 2007 the EITF reached a final consensus on EITF issue
No. 07-3,
Accounting for Nonrefundable Advance Payments for Goods or
Services Received for Use in Future Research and Development
Activities, or
EITF 07-3.
EITF 07-3
requires that nonrefundable advance payments for goods or
services that will be used or rendered for future research and
development activities be deferred and capitalized and
recognized as an expense as the goods are delivered or the
related services are performed. Effective January 1, 2008,
we adopted
EITF 07-3.
For the year ended December 31, 2008, the adoption of
EITF 07-3
resulted in an increase in prepaid expenses and a decrease in
research and development expenses of approximately
$1.0 million.
Recent
Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2007 the EITF reached a final consensus on EITF
Issue
No. 07-1,
Accounting for Collaborative Arrangements, or
EITF 07-1.
EITF 07-1
will require us to disclose the nature and purpose of our
collaborative arrangements in our annual financial statements,
our rights and obligations under the collaborative arrangements,
the stage of the underlying endeavors life cycle, our
accounting policies for the arrangements and the income
statement classification and amount of significant financial
statement amounts related to the collaborative arrangements.
EITF 07-1
will be effective beginning January 1, 2009 and will
require us to apply it as a change in accounting principle
through retrospective application to all prior periods for all
collaborative arrangements existing as of the effective date. We
have evaluated the impact of adopting
EITF 07-1
on our financial statements and do not expect any impact on our
results of operations or financial position.
Reclassifications
We have made certain reclassifications to the prior years
financial statements and notes to conform to the current year
presentation. These reclassifications related to the non-cash
amortization of discount on investments from investing
activities and operating activities and the presentation of cash
flows from the purchase and maturity on investments within
investing activities. For the years ended December 31, 2007
and 2006, this reclassification had an immaterial impact on cash
used in operating activities and cash used in investing
activities and also reduced both purchases and maturities of
investments. These reclassifications did not affect our
financial position, net loss or net cash flows for the periods
presented.
|
|
|
2.
|
Fair
Value Measurements
|
We currently measure and record cash equivalents and investment
securities considered
available-for-sale
at fair value in the accompanying financial statements. Fair
value is defined under SFAS 157 as the exchange price that
would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability
(an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for
the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market
participants on the measurement date. Valuation techniques used
to measure fair value under SFAS 157 must maximize the use
of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable
inputs. SFAS 157 establishes a three-tier fair value
hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair
value. These tiers include:
Level 1 Observable inputs for identical assets
or liabilities such as quoted prices in active markets;
70
TRUBION
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Level 2 Inputs other than quoted prices in
active markets that are either directly or indirectly
observable; and
Level 3 Unobservable inputs in which little or
no market data exists, which are therefore developed by us using
estimates and assumptions that reflect those that a market
participant would use.
In accordance with SFAS 157, the following table represents
our fair value hierarchy for our financial assets measured at
fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2008 (in
thousands):
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Level 1
|
|
|
Level 2
|
|
|
Level 3
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
Money market funds
|
|
$
|
27,444
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
27,444
|
|
|
Government and agency debt securities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,424
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,424
|
|
|
Corporate debt securities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13,003
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13,003
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
$
|
27,444
|
|
|
$
|
25,427
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
52,871
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash of $26,000 is not included in our SFAS 157 level
hierarchy disclosure as of December 31, 2008.
Unrealized gains and losses on cash equivalents and investments
are included in accumulated other comprehensive income in the
accompanying balance sheets. Realized gains on cash equivalents
and investments totaled $7,000 during the year ended
December 31, 2008. This amount is included in interest
income in the statements of operations for the year ended
December 31, 2008. There were no realized gains or losses
on cash equivalents or investments during the years ended
December 31, 2007 and 2006. In July 2008, we terminated the
loan and security agreement and related interest rate swap
agreement that we had with Comerica Bank, or Comerica. In
connection with the termination of the interest rate swap
agreement, we incurred a breakage fee of $165,000. This amount
is included in interest expense in the statement of operations
for the year ended December 31, 2008.
SFAS 157 requires separate disclosure of assets and
liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis, from
those measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis. As of
December 31, 2008, no assets or liabilities are currently
measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.
Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by
the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding.
Because we report a net loss, diluted net loss per share is the
same as basic net loss per share. We have excluded all
outstanding stock options and unvested restricted stock from the
calculation of diluted net loss per common share because all
such securities are antidilutive to the computation of net loss
per share. Potentially dilutive securities include the following:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
As of December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
Stock options
|
|
|
2,093,940
|
|
|
|
1,551,968
|
|
|
|
1,587,626
|
|
|
Common shares subject to repurchase
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,730
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,093,940
|
|
|
|
1,551,968
|
|
|
|
1,589,356
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.
|
Collaboration
Agreement
|
In December 2005 we entered into a collaboration agreement with
Wyeth for the development and worldwide commercialization of our
lead product candidate, TRU-015, and other CD20-directed
therapeutics. Pursuant to the agreement, we are also
collaborating with Wyeth on the development and worldwide
commercialization of certain other product candidates directed
to a small number of targets other than CD20. During the period
in which we will be providing research and development services
for Wyeth, Wyeth has the
71
TRUBION
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
right, subject to our reasonable consent, to replace a limited
number of these targets. In addition, we have the option to
co-promote with Wyeth, on customary terms to be agreed,
CD20-directed therapies in the United States for niche
indications. We retain the right to develop and commercialize,
on our own or with others, product candidates directed to all
targets not included within the agreement, including CD37.
Unless it is terminated earlier, the agreement will remain in
effect on a
product-by-product
basis and on a
country-by-country
basis until the later of the date that any such product shall no
longer be covered by a valid claim of a U.S. or foreign
patent or application and, generally, ten years after the first
commercial sale of any product licensed under the agreement.
Wyeth may terminate the agreement without cause at any time upon
90 days prior written notice.
In connection with the agreement, Wyeth paid us a
$40 million non-refundable, non-creditable, up-front fee in
January 2006 and purchased directly from us in a private
placement, concurrent with our initial public offering,
800,000 shares of our common stock at the initial public
offering price of $13.00 per share, resulting in net proceeds to
us of $10.4 million. Under the agreement, we provided
research services for an initial three-year period ended
December 22, 2008 with the option for Wyeth to extend the
service period for two additional one-year periods. Wyeths
financial obligations during the initial research service term
include collaborative research funding commitments of
$9.0 million in exchange for such committed research
services. This $9.0 million was subject to an increase if
the service period was extended beyond three years, as well as
annual increases pursuant to percentage changes in the CPI. In
June 2008, Wyeth exercised the first option under the terms of
the agreement to extend the research period for an additional
one-year period through December 22, 2009. Due to the
research period extension, Wyeths collaboration research
funding commitments to us increased by approximately
$3.3 million in exchange for committed research services
from us through December 22, 2009.
Wyeths financial obligations include additional amounts
for reimbursement of
agreed-upon
external research and development costs and patent costs.
Pursuant to the agreement, Wyeths financial obligations
also include payments to us of up to $250 million based on
the achievement of specified regulatory and sales milestones for
CD20-directed therapies and payments to us of up to
$535 million based on the achievement of specified
regulatory and sales milestones for therapies directed to the
small number of targets other than CD20. In addition, we will
receive royalty payments in the event of future licensed product
sales. The $40 million up-front fee is being recognized
ratably over the estimated term of our substantive contractual
obligations under the agreement and the related research and
development service period. Currently, our clinical development
obligations under the agreement are limited to conducting
ongoing re-treatment studies for TRU-015. The ongoing second
Phase 2b study and future studies will be conducted by Wyeth.
The estimated term of the research and development service
period is reviewed and adjusted as additional information
becomes available. During the third quarter of 2008, the
estimated term of the research and development service period
was adjusted from six years and three months to seven years, or
through December 2012. The change in the estimated research and
development service period was primarily due to an extension of
our obligations to conduct clinical activities under our
agreement with Wyeth. The change in estimate reduced the
recognition of the up-front fee during 2008 by $487,000. During
the third quarter of 2007, the estimated term of the research
and development service period was increased 15 months
resulting in reduced recognition of the up-front fee during 2007
of $1.1 million.
During the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, we
recognized revenue of $16.5 million, $20.1 million and
$36.5 million, respectively, for research and development
services pursuant to our Wyeth collaboration. The
$16.5 million recognized in the year ended
December 31, 2008 is comprised of $5.4 million for
recognition of the $40 million up-front fee received from
Wyeth and $11.1 million for collaborative research funding
from the Wyeth collaboration. The $20.1 million recognized
in the year ended December 31, 2007 is comprised of
$6.9 million for recognition of the $40 million
up-front fee received from Wyeth and $13.2 million for
collaborative research funding from the Wyeth collaboration. The
$36.5 million recognized in the year ended
December 31, 2006 is comprised of $8 million for the
recognition of the $40 million up-
72
TRUBION
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
front fee received from Wyeth, $20.5 million for
collaborative research funding from the Wyeth collaboration, and
$8 million for a milestone.
We invest in a variety of highly liquid investment-grade
securities. The following is a summary of our available-for-sale
securities at December 31, 2008 and 2007 (in thousands):
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Unrealized
|
|
|
Unrealized
|
|
|
Estimated Fair
|
|
|
December 31, 2008
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Gains
|
|
|
Losses
|
|
|
Market Value
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate debt securities
|
|
$
|
12,940
|
|
|
$
|
63
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
13,003
|
|
|
Government securities
|
|
|
12,383
|
|
|
|
41
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12,424
|
|
|
Money market funds
|
|
|
27,123
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
27,123
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
52,446
|
|
|
|
104
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
52,550
|
|
|
Less: cash equivalents
|
|
|
(29,614
|
)
|
|
|
(8
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(29,622
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amounts classified as investments
|
|
$
|
22,832
|
|
|
$
|
96
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
22,928
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
|
Gross
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortized
|
|
|
Unrealized
|
|
|
Unrealized
|
|
|
Estimated Fair
|
|
|
December 31, 2007
|
|
Cost
|
|
|
Gains
|
|
|
Losses
|
|
|
Market Value
|
|
|
|
|
Corporate debt securities
|
|
$
|
38,026
|
|
|
$
|
158
|
|
|
$
|
(1
|
)
|
|
$
|
38,183
|
|
|
Money market funds
|
|
|
36,654
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
36,654
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
74,680
|
|
|
|
158
|
|
|
|
(1
|
)
|
|
|
74,837
|
|
|
Less: cash equivalents
|
|
|
(38,149
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(38,149
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amounts classified as investments
|
|
$
|
36,531
|
|
|
$
|
158
|
|
|
$
|
(1
|
)
|
|
$
|
36,688
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The estimated fair market value amounts have been determined
using available market information. At December 31, 2008
and 2007, all marketable securities had remaining maturities of
twelve months or less. Unrealized gains and losses on
available-for-sale securities were reported as a component of
stockholders equity. As of December 31, 2008 there
were no unrealized losses on investments.
Realized gains on cash equivalents and investments totaled
$7,000 during the year ended December 31, 2008. This amount
is included in interest income in the statements of operations
for the year ended December 31, 2008. There were no
realized gains or losses on cash equivalents or investments
during the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006.
73
TRUBION
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
|
6.
|
Property
and Equipment
|
Property and equipment consisted of the following (in thousands):
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
|
Lab equipment
|
|
$
|
10,495
|
|
|
$
|
8,874
|
|
|
Leasehold improvements
|
|
|
6,611
|
|
|
|
6,528
|
|
|
Computer equipment and software
|
|
|
1,141
|
|
|
|
990
|
|
|
Furniture and fixtures
|
|
|
447
|
|
|
|
447
|
|
|
Construction in progress
|
|
|
40
|
|
|
|
638
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
18,734
|
|
|
|
17,477
|
|
|
Accumulated depreciation and amortization
|
|
|
(9,544
|
)
|
|
|
(6,314
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
9,190
|
|
|
$
|
11,163
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property and equipment included equipment acquired under
equipment financing agreements of $14.1 million at
December 31, 2008 and 2007. Accumulated depreciation
related to assets purchased under the equipment financing
agreements was $7.6 million and $5.0 million at
December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively. Amortization of
property and equipment under equipment financing agreements is
included in depreciation and amortization expense in the
statement of cash flows.
Accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
|
Accrued clinical trials
|
|
$
|
2,979
|
|
|
$
|
1,553
|
|
|
Accrued manufacturing
|
|
|
933
|
|
|
|
83
|
|
|
Accrued professional fees
|
|
|
556
|
|
|
|
941
|
|
|
Other
|
|
|
513
|
|
|
|
760
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
4,981
|
|
|
$
|
3,337
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
8.
|
Notes
Payable Equipment Financing Arrangements
|
We entered into a loan and security agreement with Silicon
Valley Bank, or SVB, effective July 25, 2008, the terms of
which provide for a $10.0 million debt facility secured by
a security interest in our assets, other than intellectual
property, and used $8.5 million of the proceeds from this
debt facility to fully extinguish our obligations with Comerica
under our previous debt facility. In conjunction with
extinguishing our obligations under the Comerica debt facility,
we also terminated the Comerica loan and security agreement and
related interest rate swap agreement. We incurred a breakage fee
of $165,000 in connection with the termination of the interest
rate swap agreement, which is included in interest expense in
the statements of operations for the year ended
December 31, 2008. As of December 31, 2008, the full
$10.0 million available under the SVB facility was drawn
and is payable in fixed equal payments of principal plus
interest at a fixed rate of 5.75% based on an
84-month
amortization schedule with all principal and accrued interest
due July 25, 2013. The loan and security agreement contains
representations and warranties and affirmative and negative
covenants that are customary for credit facilities of this type.
In addition, the loan and security agreement with SVB contains a
material adverse change clause which may accelerate the maturity
of the loan upon the occurrence of certain events. We have no
indication that we are in default of the material adverse change
clause and no
74
TRUBION
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
scheduled loan payments have accelerated as a result of this
provision. As of December 31, 2008, approximately
$9.5 million was outstanding under the loan and security
agreement.
We have previously entered into various equipment financing
arrangements with a lender, each of which is secured by the
underlying equipment financed through the arrangement. The
credit facilities bear interest at annual rates between 8.83%
and 9.67% and are payable in monthly installments ranging from
36 to 42 months. In conjunction with these financing
arrangements, we were obligated to issue warrants to purchase
convertible preferred stock equal to 2% of the first
$1 million, 3% of the second $1.7 million and 1% of
the third $2.0 million of the actual loan amount using an
exercise price equal to the most recent convertible preferred
stock round price per share. In November 2006, the warrants were
exercised in full in connection with our initial public offering
on a net exercise basis, which resulted in us
issuing 13,893 shares of common stock to the warrant holder
(see Note 10 for additional information). The warrants are
recorded as debt issuance costs based on the relative estimated
fair value. Debt issuance costs are amortized to interest
expense over the term of the debt using the effective interest
rate method. As of December 31, 2008, approximately $92,000
was outstanding under the equipment financing arrangements.
As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, we financed
$14.1 million of equipment purchased under the lender
credit facilities. As of December 31, 2008 we had no credit
facilities available to us.
The future principal payments due under the equipment financing
arrangements were as follows as of December 31, 2008 (in
thousands):
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes
|
|
|
|
|
Payable
|
|
|
|
|
Year ending December 31, 2009
|
|
$
|
1,313
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
1,294
|
|
|
2011
|
|
|
1,372
|
|
|
2012
|
|
|
1,453
|
|
|
2013
|
|
|
4,172
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total payments
|
|
$
|
9,604
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
9.
|
Commitments
and Contingencies
|
Operating
Lease Commitments
We lease office and laboratory space under one operating lease
agreement, which expires on April 30, 2013. Under the
lease, we have two options to extend the term of the lease, each
for an additional term of five years at the then fair market
value of the leased premises. On February 2, 2007 we
entered into a lease to add an additional 3,067 square feet
of space in the same building it currently leases space
effective February 1, 2007 and expiring April 30,
2013. We also entered into operating lease obligations through
August 2010 for certain office equipment.
75
TRUBION
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Future minimum lease payments under these leases as of
December 31, 2008, were as follows (in thousands):
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating
|
|
|
|
|
Leases
|
|
|
|
|
Year ending December 31, 2009
|
|
$
|
1,495
|
|
|
2010
|
|
|
1,490
|
|
|
2011
|
|
|
1,476
|
|
|
2012
|
|
|
1,476
|
|
|
2013
|
|
|
492
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total minimum lease payments
|
|
$
|
6,429
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Rent expense was $1.3 million, $1.3 million and
$1.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2008,
2007 and 2006, respectively.
We have a facilities lease for our headquarters in Seattle,
Washington. We took occupancy in June 2003 and from June through
September 2003 we had a rent-free period. We did not make
monthly rent payments until October 2003. Accordingly, we
recorded rent expense and accrued a liability for deferred rent
of $242,000 in 2003 based upon the ratable recognition of total
rent payments under this lease over the total time of occupancy,
including the months for which we did not pay rent. During 2003
the lessor provided us with a $1 million reimbursement for
tenant improvements to our lab space. This lease incentive is
recorded as deferred rent and recognized as a reduction of
research and development expense on a straight-line basis over
the lease term.
Manufacturing
Commitments
We have entered into agreements with Lonza Biologics and related
entities for certain license rights related to Lonzas
manufacturing technology, and research and development services.
We have reserved future manufacturing capacity from Lonza under
pre-specified terms and conditions. As of December 31,
2008, we had committed to purchase $2.1 million of
manufacturing services for TRU-016 from Lonza in 2009.
Guarantees
and Indemnifications
In November 2002 the FASB issued FASB Interpretation
No. 45, or FIN 45, Guarantors Accounting and
Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect
Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others. FIN 45 requires
that upon issuance of a guarantee, the guarantor must recognize
a liability for the fair value of the obligations it assumes
under that guarantee.
We, as permitted under Delaware law and in accordance with its
bylaws, indemnify our officers and directors for certain events
or occurrences, subject to certain limits, while the officer or
director is or was serving at the Companys request in such
capacity. The term of the indemnification period is equal to the
officers or directors lifetime.
The maximum amount of potential future indemnification is
unlimited; however, we have obtained director and officer
insurance that limits its exposure and may enable it to recover
a portion of any future amounts paid. We believe that the fair
value of these indemnification obligations is minimal.
Accordingly, we have not recognized any liabilities relating to
these obligations as of December 31, 2008.
We have certain agreements with certain research organizations
with which it does business that contain indemnification
provisions pursuant to which we typically agree to indemnify the
party against certain types of third-party claims. We accrue for
known indemnification issues when a loss is probable and can be
reasonably estimated. We also accrue for estimated incurred but
unidentified indemnification issues based on historical
activity. There were no accruals for or expenses related to
indemnification issues for any period presented.
76
TRUBION
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
|
10.
|
Convertible
Preferred Stock and Stockholders Equity
(Deficit)
|
Preferred
Stock
As of December 31, 2008 and 2007 we had
5,000,000 shares, $0.001 par value, of authorized
preferred stock. Our board of directors has the authority,
without further action by the stockholders, to issue from time
to time preferred stock in one or more series, to fix the number
of shares of any such series and the designation thereof and to
fix the rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions granted
to or imposed upon such preferred stock, including dividend
rights, dividend rate, conversion rights, voting rights, rights
and terms of redemption, redemption prices, liquidation
preference and sinking fund terms. In connection with the
Companys initial public offering all shares of convertible
preferred stock were converted to common stock. No preferred
stock was issued or outstanding as of December 31, 2008 and
2007.
Common
Stock
As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, we had
150,000,000 shares of authorized common stock. As of
December 31, 2008 and 2007, respectively, we had 17,882,307
and 17,792,170 shares of common stock outstanding.
In October 2006 we completed our initial public offering of
4,600,000 shares of our common stock at a public offering
price of $13.00 per share. Net cash proceeds from the initial
public offering were approximately $52.8 million, after
deducting underwriting discounts, commissions and estimated
offering expenses payable by us. In connection with the closing
of the initial public offering, all of our shares of convertible
preferred stock outstanding at the time of the offering were
automatically converted into 10,652,057 shares of common
stock. In October 2006, we also completed the concurrent private
placement to Wyeth of 800,000 shares of common stock at the
initial public offering price of $13.00 per share resulting in
cash proceeds of $10.4 million.
Exercise
of Warrants
In 2003 and 2004, in connection with an equipment financing
arrangement, we issued an immediately exercisable and fully
vested series of warrants to purchase 17,163 shares of
Series A Preferred Stock at a per share price of $4.08. In
2005, in connection with an equipment financing arrangement, we
issued an immediately exercisable and fully vested series of
warrants to purchase 3,190 shares of Series B
Preferred Stock at a per share price of $4.39. In November 2006,
the warrants were exercised in full in connection with our
initial public offering on a net exercise basis,
which resulted in the issuance of 13,893 shares of common
stock to the warrant holder.
Equity
Incentive Plans
In September 2006 our Board of Directors adopted the 2006 Equity
Incentive Plan, or the 2006 Plan. The 2006 Plan is intended to
serve as the successor equity incentive program to our 2002
Stock Plan and 2002 Equity Incentive Plan. The 2006 Plan
provides for the grant of incentive stock options, nonstatutory
stock options, restricted stock, restricted stock units, stock
appreciation rights, performance units and performance shares.
The 2006 Plan became effective upon the completion of our
initial public offering, at which time options could no longer
be granted under the 2002 Stock Plan and the 2002 Equity
Incentive Plan. A total of 437,500 shares of common stock
have been authorized for issuance pursuant to the 2006 Plan,
plus the number of shares of common stock available for issuance
under the 2002 Stock Plan and the 2002 Equity Incentive Plan.
Also, any shares returned to the 2002 Stock Plan and the 2002
Equity Incentive Plans as a result of termination of options or
repurchase of shares will be included in the 2006 Plan. In
addition, on the first day of each fiscal year beginning in
2007, the number of shares available for issuance may be
increased by an amount equal to the lesser of:
(i) 1,500,000 shares; (ii) 5% of the outstanding
shares of our common
77
TRUBION
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
stock on the first day of each fiscal year; or (iii) such
other amount as our board of directors may determine. On
January 1, 2009 the number of shares available for issuance
under the 2006 Plan increased by 894,115 shares.
The following summarizes information about employee, consultant
and director options outstanding, including aggregate intrinsic
values based on the estimated fair value at December 31,
2008 of $1.28 per share (aggregate intrinsic value in thousands):
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted-
|
|
|
Average
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average
|
|
|
Remaining
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercise
|
|
|
Contractual
|
|
|
Aggregate
|
|
|
|
|
Available
|
|
|
Options
|
|
|
Price per
|
|
|
Life
|
|
|
Intrinsic
|
|
|
|
|
for Grant
|
|
|
Granted
|
|
|
Share
|
|
|
(In Years)
|
|
|
Value
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at January 1, 2006
|
|
|
60,622
|
|
|
|
974,151
|
|
|
|
0.63
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Authorized increase in Plan
|
|
|
1,136,542
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted at less than fair value
|
|
|
(652,102
|
)
|
|
|
652,102
|
|
|
|
6.94
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted at fair value
|
|
|
(73,700
|
)
|
|
|
73,700
|
|
|
|
16.45
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(93,167
|
)
|
|
|
1.00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cancelled
|
|
|
19,160
|
|
|
|
(19,160
|
)
|
|
|
2.55
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2006
|
|
|
490,522
|
|
|
|
1,587,626
|
|
|
$
|
3.90
|
|
|
|
8.34
|
|
|
$
|
22,449
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Authorized increase in Plan
|
|
|
877,716
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted at fair value
|
|
|
(237,000
|
)
|
|
|
237,000
|
|
|
|
18.55
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(237,852
|
)
|
|
|
1.97
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cancelled
|
|
|
34,806
|
|
|
|
(34,806
|
)
|
|
|
5.79
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2007
|
|
|
1,166,044
|
|
|
|
1,551,968
|
|
|
$
|
6.39
|
|
|
|
7.44
|
|
|
$
|
8,106
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Authorized increase in Plan
|
|
|
889,609
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Granted at fair value
|
|
|
(770,375
|
)
|
|
|
770,375
|
|
|
|
8.21
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exercised
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(90,137
|
)
|
|
|
1.02
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cancelled
|
|
|
138,266
|
|
|
|
(138,266
|
)
|
|
|
9.76
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2008
|
|
|
1,423,544
|
|
|
|
2,093,940
|
|
|
$
|
7.07
|
|
|
|
7.51
|
|
|
$
|
513
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Vested and expected to vest at December 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,926,988
|
|
|
$
|
6.87
|
|
|
|
7.39
|
|
|
$
|
511
|
|
|
Exercisable at December 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,284,655
|
|
|
$
|
5.56
|
|
|
|
6.73
|
|
|
$
|
507
|
|
During the years ended December 31, 2008 and 2007, the
total intrinsic value of stock options exercised was $569,000
and $3.8 million, respectively. The total fair value of
shares vested during 2008 and 2007 was approximately
$2.8 million and $2.0 million, respectively.
78
TRUBION
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
The following summarizes information about employee, consultant
and director options outstanding, including aggregate intrinsic
values based on the fair value at December 31, 2008 of
$1.28 per share (aggregate intrinsic value in thousands):
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options Outstanding
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted-Average
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Remaining
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Contractual
|
|
|
|
|
|
Options Exercisable
|
|
|
|
|
Number of
|
|
|
Life
|
|
|
Aggregate
|
|
|
Number of
|
|
|
Aggregate
|
|
|
Exercise Price per Share
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
(In Years)
|
|
|
Intrinsic Value
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
Intrinsic Value
|
|
|
|
|
$0.07
|
|
|
91,532
|
|
|
|
3.74
|
|
|
$
|
112
|
|
|
|
91,532
|
|
|
$
|
112
|
|
|
$0.32
|
|
|
415,197
|
|
|
|
5.68
|
|
|
|
401
|
|
|
|
409,537
|
|
|
|
395
|
|
|
$2.70 $6.22
|
|
|
164,369
|
|
|
|
8.22
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
84,770
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$6.53 $8.34
|
|
|
583,010
|
|
|
|
7.51
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
389,050
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$8.98 $21.43
|
|
|
839,832
|
|
|
|
8.67
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
309,766
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$0.07 $21.43
|
|
|
2,093,940
|
|
|
|
7.51
|
|
|
$
|
513
|
|
|
|
1,284,655
|
|
|
$
|
507
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Employee
Stock-Based Compensation
The components of the stock-based compensation recognized in our
statements of operations for the years ended December 31,
2008, 2007 and 2006 are as follows (in thousands):
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, 2008
|
|
|
|
|
G&A
|
|
|
R&D
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
Employee stock options granted prior to January 1, 2006
|
|
$
|
144
|
|
|
$
|
82
|
|
|
$
|
226
|
|
|
Employee stock options granted on or subsequent to
January 1, 2006
|
|
|
2,008
|
|
|
|
1,208
|
|
|
|
3,216
|
|
|
Non-employee stock options
|
|
|
70
|
|
|
|
36
|
|
|
|
106
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
2,222
|
|
|
$
|
1,326
|
|
|
$
|
3,548
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
G&A
|
|
|
R&D
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
Employee stock options granted prior to January 1, 2006
|
|
$
|
265
|
|
|
$
|
261
|
|
|
$
|
526
|
|
|
Employee stock options granted on or subsequent to
January 1, 2006
|
|
|
1,748
|
|
|
|
1,133
|
|
|
|
2,881
|
|
|
Non-employee stock options
|
|
|
9
|
|
|
|
82
|
|
|
|
91
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
2,022
|
|
|
$
|
1,476
|
|
|
$
|
3,498
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31, 2006
|
|
|
|
|
G&A
|
|
|
R&D
|
|
|
Total
|
|
|
|
|
Employee stock options granted prior to January 1, 2006
|
|
$
|
265
|
|
|
$
|
264
|
|
|
$
|
529
|
|
|
Employee stock options granted on or subsequent to
January 1, 2006(1)
|
|
|
2,218
|
|
|
|
1,665
|
|
|
|
3,883
|
|
|
Non-employee stock options
|
|
|
70
|
|
|
|
764
|
|
|
|
834
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$
|
2,553
|
|
|
$
|
2,693
|
|
|
$
|
5,246
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
|
Includes $309,000 related to the accelerated vesting of options
in the first quarter of 2006. |
79
TRUBION
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Employee
Stock Options Granted Prior to January 1,
2006
Compensation cost for employee stock options granted prior to
January 1, 2006, were accounted for using the options
intrinsic value or the difference, if any, between the fair
market value of our common stock and the exercise price of the
option. We recorded the total value of these options as a
component of stockholders equity, which has been amortized
over the vesting period of the applicable option on a straight
line basis. As of December 31, 2008 the expected future
amortization of expense related to employee options granted
prior to January 1, 2006 is $30,000, all of which will be
amortized in 2009.
Employee
Stock Options Granted On or Subsequent to January 1,
2006
Compensation cost for employee stock options granted on or
subsequent to January 1, 2006 is based on the grant-date
fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of
SFAS 123R and will be recognized over the vesting period of
the applicable option on a straight-line basis. Adoption of
SFAS 123R was implemented utilizing the prospective
transition method. Under this method, compensation costs
recognized during the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007
and 2006 includes: (a) compensation cost for all
share-based payment awards granted prior to, but not yet vested
as of January 1, 2006, based on the intrinsic value method
in accordance with the original provisions of APB 25; and
(b) compensation cost for all share-based payment awards
granted subsequent to January 1, 2006, based on the
grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the
provisions of SFAS 123R.
As stock-based compensation expense recognized in the statement
of operations for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007
and 2006 is based on options ultimately expected to vest, it has
been reduced for estimated forfeitures. The fair value of
options is estimated utilizing the Black-Scholes model as our
chosen option-pricing model.
In regards to the calculation of expected term, we chose to
utilize the simplified method for plain
vanilla options as illustrated in the Securities and
Exchange Commissions Staff Accounting
Bulletin No. 107, or SAB 107, as clarified in
Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 110, or SAB 110.
Under this approach, the expected term is presumed to be the
average of the vesting term and the contractual term of the
option. We have utilized the simplified method for estimating
the expected term due to our limited historical exercise
activity. For the calculation of expected volatility, we based
our estimate of expected volatility on the estimated volatility
of similar entities whose share prices are publicly available
and the historical volatility of our stock. We used the
following factors to identify similar public entities: industry,
stage of life cycle and the existence of at least one
significant partnership.
The fair value of each employee option grant in the years ended
December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006 was estimated on the date
of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the
following assumptions:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year Ended December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
2006
|
|
|
|
|
Risk-free interest rate
|
|
|
2.80%-3.40
|
%
|
|
|
3.78%-4.78
|
%
|
|
|
4.57%-5.04
|
%
|
|
Weighted-average expected life (in years)
|
|
|
6.04
|
|
|
|
6.14
|
|
|
|
6.00
|
|
|
Expected dividend yield
|
|
|
0
|
%
|
|
|
0
|
%
|
|
|
0
|
%
|
|
Expected volatility rate
|
|
|
70%-74
|
%
|
|
|
65%-75
|
%
|
|
|
75
|
%
|
|
Weighted-average estimated fair value of employee options
|
|
$
|
5.29
|
|
|
$
|
12.87
|
|
|
$
|
15.39
|
|
As of December 31, 2008 total compensation related to
nonvested employee options not yet recognized in the financial
statements was approximately $5.1 million, and the
weighted-average period over which it is expected to be
recognized is approximately 2.6 years. We recorded no tax
benefit related to options during any of the years presented
since we currently maintain a full valuation allowance on all
deferred tax assets.
80
TRUBION
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
Non-employee
Stock-Based Compensation
We account for stock options issued to non-employees using the
fair value method of accounting prescribed by SFAS 123, as
amended by SFAS 148, and
EITF 96-18.
We have assumed that non-employee stock options have an expected
life of one to ten years and assumed common stock volatility
between 65% and 100%. Different estimates of volatility and
expected life of the option could materially change the value of
an option and the resulting expense.
Stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the period
of expected service by the non-employee. As the service is
performed, we are required to update our valuation assumptions,
remeasure unvested options and record the stock-based
compensation using the valuation as of the vesting date. These
adjustments may result in higher or lower stock-based
compensation expense in the statement of operations than
originally estimated. Changes in the market price of our stock
could materially change the value of an option and the resulting
stock-based compensation expense. .
We valued the non-employee stock options granted during 2008,
2007, and 2006 using the Black-Scholes valuation model, using a
volatility rate between 65% and 100%, an expected life of one to
ten years, an expected dividend yield of 0% and a risk-free
interest rate ranging from 2.25% to 5.03%. Stock-based
compensation expense associated with these non-employee options
was $106,000, $67,000 and $195,000 for the years ended
December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. During
2006, we granted 9,571 options to non-employees to purchase
shares of common stock, at an exercise price of $8.34 per share.
Stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock
awards granted to members of our Scientific Advisory Board was
$24,000 and $129,000 for the years ended December 31, 2007
and 2006, respectively. Compensation expense is recorded using
straight-line amortization in accordance with FASB
Interpretation No. 28, Accounting for Stock Appreciation
Rights and Other Variable Stock Option or Award Plans.
In addition, we issued shares of common stock to certain of its
founders who act as consultants to us. These shares are subject
to repurchase rights by us that lapse over time. We record
differences between the fair market value of our common stock
and the issuance price as compensation expense as those
repurchase rights lapse on a monthly basis. These shares were
fully vested as of December 31, 2006. During the year ended
December 31, 2006, we recorded expense of $510,000 related
to these shares. No expense was recorded during the years ended
December 31, 2008 and 2007.
The following is a summary of restricted stock award activity:
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Outstanding
|
|
|
|
|
Stock
|
|
|
|
|
Awards
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at January 1, 2006
|
|
|
96,108
|
|
|
Units granted
|
|
|
|
|
|
Units vested
|
|
|
(94,378
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2006
|
|
|
1,730
|
|
|
Units granted
|
|
|
|
|
|
Units vested
|
|
|
(1,730
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance at December 31, 2007
|
|
|
|
|
The Company sponsors a 401(k) Plan that stipulates that eligible
employees can elect to contribute to the 401(k) Plan, subject to
certain limitations, up to 100% of eligible compensation on a
pretax basis. Pursuant to the 401(k) Plan, we do not match any
employee contributions.
81
TRUBION
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
At December 31, 2008, we had a net operating loss and
research and development, or R&D, tax credit carryforwards
of approximately $54.4 million and $2.0 million,
respectively. If not utilized, the net operating loss and
R&D tax credit carryforwards expire between 2021 and 2027.
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary
differences between the carrying amounts of assets and
liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts
used for income tax purposes. We have recognized a valuation
allowance equal to its deferred tax assets due to the
uncertainty of realizing the benefits of the assets. The
increase in the valuation allowance on the deferred tax asset
was approximately $8.8 million and $8.3 million for
2008 and 2007, respectively.
The effects of temporary differences and carryforwards that give
rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in
thousands):
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
|
Deferred tax assets
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net operating loss carryforwards
|
|
$
|
19,035
|
|
|
$
|
10,253
|
|
|
Deferred revenue
|
|
|
6,823
|
|
|
|
8,699
|
|
|
Stock compensation
|
|
|
1,377
|
|
|
|
888
|
|
|
R&D tax credit carryforwards
|
|
|
1,978
|
|
|
|
1,445
|
|
|
Other current assets and liabilities (net)
|
|
|
272
|
|
|
|
265
|
|
|
Other non-current assets and liabilities (net)
|
|
|
1,442
|
|
|
|
627
|
|
|
Less: Valuation allowance
|
|
|
(30,927
|
)
|
|
|
(22,177
|
)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net deferred tax asset (liability)
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
$
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13.
|
Related
Party Transactions
|
In December 2005 we entered into a collaboration agreement with
Wyeth for the development and worldwide commercialization of its
lead product candidate, TRU-015, and other therapeutics directed
to CD20, an antigen that is a validated clinical target that is
present on B cells. In connection with the agreement, Wyeth
purchased directly from us in a private placement, concurrent
with our initial public offering, 800,000 shares of our
common stock at the initial public offering price of $13.00 per
share, resulting in net proceeds of $10.4 million. During
2008, 2007 and 2006, we recognized as revenue
$16.5 million, $20.1 million and $36.5 million,
respectively, for research and development services pursuant to
our Wyeth collaboration. As of December 31, 2008 and 2007,
Wyeth owed us $3.1 million and $4.2 million,
respectively for research and development services.
In an effort to reduce costs, we announced in February 2009 a
workforce reduction of approximately 25%, which included the
elimination of certain existing positions across our research
and administrative functions. The restructuring charge to be
taken in the first quarter of 2009 related to this action is
estimated to be $0.8 million related to employee severance,
benefits and outplacement services. Of the total restructuring
charges, approximately $0.6 million and $0.2 million
are expected to be recorded as research and development expense
and general and administrative expense, respectively, in the
first quarter of 2009. We expect to pay the majority of the
restructuring costs in the first quarter of 2009.
82
TRUBION
PHARMACEUTICALS, INC.
NOTES TO
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Continued)
|
|
|
15.
|
Quarterly
Information (Unaudited)
|
The following table summarizes the unaudited statements of
operations for each quarter of 2008 and 2007 (in thousands,
except per share amounts):
| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
March 31,
|
|
|
June 30,
|
|
|
September 30,
|
|
|
December 31,
|
|
|
|
|
2008
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue
|
|
$
|
3,963
|
|
|
$
|
4,468
|
|
|
$
|
3,766
|
|
|
$
|
4,270
|
|
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
10,488
|
|
|
|
11,415
|
|
|
|
10,384
|
|
|
|
10,695
|
|
|
Loss from operations
|
|
|
(6,525
|
)
|
|
|
(6,947
|
)
|
|
|
(6,618
|
)
|
|
|
(6,425
|
)
|
|
Net loss
|
|
|
(5,968
|
)
|
|
|
(6,632
|
)
|
|
|
(6,582
|
)
|
|
|
(6,377
|
)
|
|
Basic and diluted net loss per share
|
|
|
(0.33
|
)
|
|
|
(0.37
|
)
|
|
|
(0.37
|
)
|
|
|
(0.36
|
)
|
|
2007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Revenue
|
|
$
|
4,835
|
|
|
$
|
4,980
|
|
|
$
|
4,635
|
|
|
$
|
5,698
|
|
|
Total operating expenses
|
|
|
10,946
|
|
|
|
13,452
|
|
|
|
11,455
|
|
|
|
11,446
|
|
|
Loss from operations
|
|
|
(6,111
|
)
|
|
|
(8,472
|
)
|
|
|
(6,820
|
)
|
|
|
(5,748
|
)
|
|
Net loss
|
|
|
(5,019
|
)
|
|
|
(7,455
|
)
|
|
|
(5,913
|
)
|
|
|
(4,927
|
)
|
|
Basic and diluted net loss per share
|
|
|
(0.29
|
)
|
|
|
(0.42
|
)
|
|
|
(0.33
|
)
|
|
|
(0.28
|
)
|
83
EX-23.1
2
v51155exv23w1.htm
EX-23.1
exv23w1
Exhibit 23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following Registration Statements:
| (1) |
|
Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-139381) pertaining to the
Trubion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2002 Stock Plan and the Trubion
Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2002 Equity Incentive Plan; and, |
| |
| (2) |
|
Registration Statement (Form S-8 No. 333-143056 and Form S-8 No.
333-151439) pertaining to the Trubion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 2006
Equity Incentive Plan; |
of our reports dated March 11, 2009, with respect to the financial statements of Trubion
Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Trubion
Pharmaceuticals, Inc., included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) of Trubion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
for the year ended December 31, 2008.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
Seattle, Washington
March 11, 2009
EX-31.1
3
v51155exv31w1.htm
EX-31.1
exv31w1
Exhibit 31.1
PRINCIPAL
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF
2002
I, Peter A. Thompson, M.D., FACP, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on
Form 10-K
of Trubion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any
untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material
fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the
circumstances under which such statements were made, not
misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and
other financial information included in this report, fairly
present in all material respects the financial condition,
results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of,
and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrants other certifying officer and I are
responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls
and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act
Rules 13a-15(e)
and
15d-15(e))
and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in
Exchange Act
Rules 13a-15(f)
and
15d-15(f))
for the registrant and have:
a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or
caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed
under our supervision, to ensure that material information
relating to the registrant, including its consolidated
subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those
entities, particularly during the period in which this report is
being prepared;
b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting,
or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be
designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance
regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrants
disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report
our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure
controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by
this report based on such evaluation; and
d. Disclosed in this report any change in the
registrants internal control over financial reporting that
occurred during the registrants most recent fiscal quarter
(the registrants fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an
annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably
likely to materially affect, the registrants internal
control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrants other certifying officer and I
have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal
control over financial reporting, to the registrants
auditors and the audit committee of the registrants board
of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in
the design or operation of internal control over financial
reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the
registrants ability to record, process, summarize and
report financial information; and
b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves
management or other employees who have a significant role in the
registrants internal control over financial reporting.
Peter A. Thompson, M.D., FACP
President and Chief Executive Officer
Date: March 12, 2009
EX-31.2
4
v51155exv31w2.htm
EX-31.2
exv31w2
Exhibit 31.2
CHIEF
FINANCIAL OFFICERS CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF
2002
I, Michelle Burris, certify that:
1. I have reviewed this annual report on
Form 10-K
of Trubion Pharmaceuticals, Inc.;
2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any
untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material
fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the
circumstances under which such statements were made, not
misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and
other financial information included in this report, fairly
present in all material respects the financial condition,
results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of,
and for, the periods presented in this report;
4. The registrants other certifying officer and I are
responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls
and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act
Rules 13a-15(e)
and
15d-15(e))
and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in
Exchange Act
Rules 13a-15(f)
and
15d-15(f))
for the registrant and have:
a. Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or
caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed
under our supervision, to ensure that material information
relating to the registrant, including its consolidated
subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those
entities, particularly during the period in which this report is
being prepared;
b. Designed such internal control over financial reporting,
or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be
designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance
regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in
accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c. Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrants
disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report
our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure
controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by
this report based on such evaluation; and
d. Disclosed in this report any change in the
registrants internal control over financial reporting that
occurred during the registrants most recent fiscal quarter
(the registrants fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an
annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably
likely to materially affect, the registrants internal
control over financial reporting; and
5. The registrants other certifying officer and I
have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal
control over financial reporting, to the registrants
auditors and the audit committee of the registrants board
of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a. All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in
the design or operation of internal control over financial
reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the
registrants ability to record, process, summarize and
report financial information; and
b. Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves
management or other employees who have a significant role in the
registrants internal control over financial reporting.
|
|
|
| |
By
|
/s/ Michelle
G. Burris
|
Michelle G. Burris
Senior Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Accounting and Financial Officer)
Date: March 12, 2009
EX-32
5
v51155exv32.htm
EX-32
exv32
Exhibit 32
CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the annual report of Trubion Pharmaceuticals,
Inc. (the Company) on
Form 10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2008, as filed with the
Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the
Report), each of the undersigned officers of the
Company certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350,
as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
of 2002, that, to such officers knowledge:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of
Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly
presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and
results of operations of the Company as of the dates and for the
periods expressed in the Report.
Name: Peter A.
Thompson, M.D., FACP
Title: President and Chief
Executive Officer
Name: Michelle
G. Burris
Title: Senior Vice
President and
Chief
Financial Officer
(Principal Accounting and
Financial Officer)
Date: March 12, 2009
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end
-----END PRIVACY-ENHANCED MESSAGE-----