<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0303</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>4</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2009-01-29</periodOfReport>

    <notSubjectToSection16>0</notSubjectToSection16>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0001296435</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>Neenah Paper Inc</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>NP</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001303696</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>Lind Bonnie Cruickshank</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>3460 PRESTON RIDGE ROAD</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2>SUITE 600</rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>ALPHARETTA</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>GA</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>30005</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>0</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>1</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>0</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>0</isOther>
            <officerTitle>Sr. VP, CFO and Treasurer</officerTitle>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <derivativeTable>
        <derivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Stock Appreciation Rights</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <conversionOrExercisePrice>
                <value>25.70</value>
            </conversionOrExercisePrice>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2009-01-29</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>A</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionTimeliness>
                <value></value>
            </transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>7650</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>A</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <exerciseDate>
                <footnoteId id="F2"/>
            </exerciseDate>
            <expirationDate>
                <value>2018-01-29</value>
            </expirationDate>
            <underlyingSecurity>
                <underlyingSecurityTitle>
                    <value>Common Stock</value>
                </underlyingSecurityTitle>
                <underlyingSecurityShares>
                    <value>7650</value>
                </underlyingSecurityShares>
            </underlyingSecurity>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
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                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </derivativeTransaction>
        <derivativeTransaction>
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                <value>Stock Option (right to buy)</value>
            </securityTitle>
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            </conversionOrExercisePrice>
            <transactionDate>
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            </transactionDate>
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            <transactionTimeliness>
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            </transactionTimeliness>
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                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
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            <expirationDate>
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            </expirationDate>
            <underlyingSecurity>
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                </underlyingSecurityTitle>
                <underlyingSecurityShares>
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                </underlyingSecurityShares>
            </underlyingSecurity>
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                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
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            </securityTitle>
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                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
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            <expirationDate>
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            <underlyingSecurity>
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                </underlyingSecurityTitle>
                <underlyingSecurityShares>
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                </underlyingSecurityShares>
            </underlyingSecurity>
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        </derivativeTransaction>
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            <underlyingSecurity>
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                </underlyingSecurityShares>
            </underlyingSecurity>
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                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
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            </ownershipNature>
        </derivativeTransaction>
        <derivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
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            </securityTitle>
            <conversionOrExercisePrice>
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            </conversionOrExercisePrice>
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            </transactionDate>
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            <transactionTimeliness>
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                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
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            <exerciseDate>
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            <expirationDate>
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            <underlyingSecurity>
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                </underlyingSecurityTitle>
                <underlyingSecurityShares>
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                </underlyingSecurityShares>
            </underlyingSecurity>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
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                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
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                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </derivativeTransaction>
        <derivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
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            </securityTitle>
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            </conversionOrExercisePrice>
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        <derivativeTransaction>
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            <expirationDate>
                <value>2014-12-15</value>
            </expirationDate>
            <underlyingSecurity>
                <underlyingSecurityTitle>
                    <value>Common Stock</value>
                </underlyingSecurityTitle>
                <underlyingSecurityShares>
                    <value>47500</value>
                </underlyingSecurityShares>
            </underlyingSecurity>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>47500</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </derivativeTransaction>
        <derivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Stock Option (right to buy)</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <conversionOrExercisePrice>
                <value>32.60</value>
            </conversionOrExercisePrice>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2009-01-29</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>D</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionTimeliness>
                <value></value>
            </transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>47500</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <footnoteId id="F15"/>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>D</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <exerciseDate>
                <footnoteId id="F16"/>
            </exerciseDate>
            <expirationDate>
                <value>2014-12-15</value>
            </expirationDate>
            <underlyingSecurity>
                <underlyingSecurityTitle>
                    <value>Common Stock</value>
                </underlyingSecurityTitle>
                <underlyingSecurityShares>
                    <value>47500</value>
                </underlyingSecurityShares>
            </underlyingSecurity>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>0</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </derivativeTransaction>
        <derivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Stock Option (right to buy)</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <conversionOrExercisePrice>
                <value>7.41</value>
            </conversionOrExercisePrice>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2009-01-29</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>A</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionTimeliness>
                <value></value>
            </transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>24100</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>0</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>A</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <exerciseDate>
                <footnoteId id="F17"/>
            </exerciseDate>
            <expirationDate>
                <value>2019-01-28</value>
            </expirationDate>
            <underlyingSecurity>
                <underlyingSecurityTitle>
                    <value>Common Stock</value>
                </underlyingSecurityTitle>
                <underlyingSecurityShares>
                    <value>24100</value>
                </underlyingSecurityShares>
            </underlyingSecurity>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>24100</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </derivativeTransaction>
        <derivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Performance Share Unit</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <conversionOrExercisePrice>
                <footnoteId id="F18"/>
            </conversionOrExercisePrice>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2009-01-29</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>A</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionTimeliness>
                <value></value>
            </transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>15400</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F20"/>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>0</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>A</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <exerciseDate>
                <value>2011-12-31</value>
            </exerciseDate>
            <expirationDate>
                <footnoteId id="F19"/>
            </expirationDate>
            <underlyingSecurity>
                <underlyingSecurityTitle>
                    <value>Common Stock</value>
                </underlyingSecurityTitle>
                <underlyingSecurityShares>
                    <value>15400</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F20"/>
                </underlyingSecurityShares>
            </underlyingSecurity>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>15400</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </derivativeTransaction>
    </derivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">On 1/29/09, the Company cancelled, as authorized in the Neenah Paper, Inc Omnibus Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan (the &quot;Omnibus Plan&quot;), options granted to the reporting person on 1/30/08.  In exchange for the cancelled options, the reporting person received an equal number of Stock Appreciation Rights, which are priced on and vest in the same manner as the cancelled options.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F2">The cancelled options provided for vesting in increments of one third on 1/30/2009, 1/30/2010, and 1/30/2011.  The Stock Appreciation Rights vest on the same schedule.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F3">On 1/29/09, the Company cancelled, as authorized in the Omnibus Plan, options granted to the reporting person on 8/07/07.  In exchange for the cancelled options, the reporting person received an equal number of Stock Appreciation Rights.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F4">The cancelled options provided for vesting in increments of one third on 8/07/2008, 8/07/2009, and 8/07/2010.  The Stock Appreciation Rights vest on the same schedule.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F5">On 1/29/09, the Company cancelled, as authorized in the Omnibus Plan, options granted to the reporting person on 2/07/07.  In exchange for the cancelled options, the reporting person received an equal number of Stock Appreciation Rights.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F6">cancelled options provided for vesting in increments of one third on 2/07/2008, 2/07/2009, and 2/07/2010.  The Stock Appreciation Rights vest on the same schedule.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F7">On 1/29/09, the Company cancelled, as authorized in the Omnibus Plan, options granted to the reporting person on 8/07/2006.  In exchange for the cancelled options, the reporting person received an equal number of Stock Appreciation Rights.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F8">The cancelled options provided for vesting in increments of one third on 8/07/2007, 8/07/2008, and 2/07/2009.  The Stock Appreciation Rights vest on the same schedule.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F9">On 1/29/09, the Company cancelled, as authorized in the Omnibus Plan, options granted to the reporting person on 2/07/2006.  In exchange for the cancelled options, the reporting person received an equal number of Stock Appreciation Rights.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F10">The cancelled options provided for vesting in increments of one third on 2/07/2007, 2/07/2008, and 2/07/2009.  The Stock Appreciation Rights vest on the same schedule.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F11">On 1/29/09, the Company cancelled, as authorized in the Omnibus Plan, options granted to the reporting person on 8/22/2005.  In exchange for the cancelled options, the reporting person received an equal number of Stock Appreciation Rights.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F12">The cancelled options provided for vesting in increments of one third on 8/22/2006, 8/22/2007, and 8/22/2008.  The Stock Appreciation Rights vest on the same schedule.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F13">On 1/29/09, the Company cancelled, as authorized in the Omnibus Plan, options granted to the reporting person on 2/21/2005.  In exchange for the cancelled options, the reporting person received an equal number of Stock Appreciation Rights.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F14">The cancelled options provided for vesting in increments of one third on 2/21/2006, 2/21/2007, and 2/21/2008.  The Stock Appreciation Rights vest on the same schedule.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F15">On 1/29/09, the Company cancelled, as authorized in the Omnibus Plan, options granted to the reporting person on 12/15/2004.  In exchange for the cancelled options, the reporting person received an equal number of Stock Appreciation Rights.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F16">The cancelled options provided for vesting in increments of one third on 12/15/2005, 12/15/2006, and 12/15/2007.  The Stock Appreciation Rights vest on the same schedule.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F17">The stock options vest in increments of one third on 1/29/2010, 1/29/2011, and 1/29/2012.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F18">The units are convertible to common stock on a one-for-one basis.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F19">The units do not have an expiration date.</footnote>
        <footnote id="F20">The number of units granted is subject to adjustment based upon the attainment of certain performance criteria on 12/31/2011.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>/s/ Steven S. Heinrichs, by Power of Attorney</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2009-02-02</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>
