EX-99.1 2 tv512530_ex99-1.htm EXHIBIT 99.1

 

Exhibit 99.1

 

2018 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM

 

For the year ended December 31, 2018

 

Dated February 27, 2019

 

 

 

  

Table of Contents

 

Glossary, Conventions, Abbreviations, and Conversions 3
Special Note Regarding Forward Looking Information 5
Presentation of Oil and Gas Information 6
Non-GAAP Measures 7
Vermilion's Organizational Structure 8
Description of the Business 8
General Development of the Business 12
Statement of Reserves Data and Other Oil and Gas Information 15
Directors and Officers 49
Description of Capital Structure 51
Market for Securities 53
Audit Committee Matters 54
Conflicts of Interest 55
Interest of Management and Others in Material Transactions 55
Legal Proceedings 55
Material Contracts 55
Interests of Experts 55
Transfer Agent and Registrar 55
Risk Factors 56
Additional Information 62
Appendix A  
Contingent resources 63
Prospective resources 70
Appendix B  
Report on reserves data by Independent Qualified Reserves Evaluator or Auditor (Form 51-101F2) 78
Report on contingent resources data and prospective resources data by Independent Qualified Reserves Evaluator or Auditor (Form 51-101F2) 79
Appendix C  
Report of Management and Directors on reserves data and other information (Form 51-101F3) 81
Appendix D  
Terms of reference for the Audit Committee 82

 

 

 

 

Glossary

 

In addition to terms defined elsewhere in this annual information form, the following are defined terms used in this annual information form:

 

“ABCA” means the Business Corporations Act (Alberta), R.S.A. 2000, c. B-9, as amended, including the regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

“AIF” means this Annual Information Form and the appendices attached hereto.

 

“Affiliate” when used to indicate a relationship with a person or company, has the same meaning as set forth in the Securities Act (Alberta).

 

“Common Shares” means a common share in the capital of the Company.

 

“Contingent Resources” are those quantities of petroleum estimated, as of a given date, to be potentially recoverable from known accumulations using established technology or technology under development, but which are not currently considered to be commercially recoverable due to one or more contingencies.

 

“Conversion Arrangement” means the plan of arrangement effected on September 1, 2010 under section 193 of the ABCA pursuant to which the Trust converted from an income trust to a corporate structure, and Unitholders exchanged their Trust Units for common shares of the Company on a one-for-one basis and holders of exchangeable shares of Vermilion Resources Ltd., previously a subsidiary of the company ("VRL"), received 1.89344 common shares for each exchangeable share held.

 

“Dividend” means a dividend paid by Vermilion in respect of the common shares, expressed as an amount per common share.

 

“GLJ” means GLJ Petroleum Consultants Ltd., independent petroleum engineering consultants of Calgary, Alberta.

 

“GLJ Report” means the independent engineering reserves evaluation of certain oil, NGL and natural gas interests of the Company prepared by GLJ dated February 7, 2019 and effective December 31, 2018.

 

“GLJ Resource Assessment” means the independent engineering resource evaluation prepared by GLJ to assess contingent and prospective resources across all of the Company’s key operating regions with an effective date of December 31, 2018.

 

“Prospective Resources” are those quantities of petroleum estimated, as of a given date, to be potentially recoverable from undiscovered accumulations by application of future development projects.

 

“Shareholders” means holders from time to time of the Company’s common shares.

 

“Subsidiary” means, in relation to any person, any body corporate, partnership, joint venture, association or other entity of which more than 50% of the total voting power of common shares or units of ownership or beneficial interest entitled to vote in the election of directors (or members of a comparable governing body) is owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such person.

 

“Trust” means Vermilion Energy Trust, an unincorporated open-ended investment trust governed by the laws of the Province of Alberta that was dissolved and ceased to exist pursuant to the Conversion Arrangement.

 

“Trust Unit” means units in the capital of the Trust.

 

“Unitholders” means former unitholders of the Trust.

 

“Vermilion” or the “Company” means Vermilion Energy Inc. and where context allows, its consolidated business enterprise, except that a reference to “Vermilion” prior to the date of the Conversion Arrangement means the consolidated business enterprise of the Trust, unless otherwise indicated.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 3  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Conventions

 

Unless otherwise indicated, references herein to "$" or "dollars" are to Canadian dollars.

 

Production numbers stated refer to Vermilion's working interest share before deduction of Crown, freehold and other royalties. Reserve amounts are gross reserves, stated before deduction of royalties, as at December 31, 2018, based on forecast costs and price assumptions as evaluated in the GLJ Report.

 

Abbreviations

 

bbl barrel
Mbbl thousand barrels
bbl/d barrels per day
Mcf thousand cubic feet
MMcf million cubic feet
Mcf/d thousand cubic feet per day
MMcf/d million cubic feet per day
MMBtu million British Thermal Units
°API An indication of the specific gravity of crude oil measured on the API (American Petroleum Institute) gravity scale.
boe barrel of oil equivalent
M$ thousand dollars
MM$ million dollars
Mboe 1,000 barrels of oil equivalent
MMboe million barrels of oil equivalent
WTI West Texas Intermediate, the reference price paid in U.S. dollars at Cushing, Oklahoma for crude oil of standard grade.
TTF the day-ahead price for natural gas at the Title Transfer Facility Virtual Trading Point operated by Dutch TSO Gas Transport Services
NBP the reference price paid for natural gas in the United Kingdom at the National Balancing Point Virtual Trading Point operated by National Grid
AECO the daily average benchmark price for natural gas at the AECO ‘C’ hub in southeast Alberta

 

Conversions

 

The following table sets forth certain standard conversions from Standard Imperial Units to the International System of Units (or metric units).

 

To Convert From   To   Multiply By
Mcf   Cubic metres   28.174
Cubic metres   Cubic feet   35.494
bbls   Cubic metres   0.159
Cubic metres   bbls oil   6.290
Feet   Metres   0.305
Metres   Feet   3.281
Miles   Kilometres   1.609
Kilometres   Miles   0.621
Acres   Hectares   0.405
Hectares   Acres   2.471

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 4  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Special Note Regarding Forward Looking Statements

 

Certain statements included or incorporated by reference in this annual information form may constitute forward looking statements or financial outlooks under applicable securities legislation. Such forward looking statements or information typically contain statements with words such as "anticipate", "believe", "expect", "plan", "intend", "estimate", "propose", or similar words suggesting future outcomes or statements regarding an outlook. Forward looking statements or information in this annual information form may include, but are not limited to:

 

capital expenditures;
business strategies and objectives;
estimated reserve quantities and the discounted present value of future net cash flows from such reserves;
petroleum and natural gas sales;
future production levels (including the timing thereof) and rates of average annual production growth, estimated contingent and prospective resources;
exploration and development plans;
acquisition and disposition plans and the timing thereof;
operating and other expenses, including the payment of future dividends;
royalty and income tax rates;
the timing of regulatory proceedings and approvals; and
the estimate of Vermilion’s share of the expected natural gas production from the Corrib field.

 

Such forward-looking statements or information are based on a number of assumptions all or any of which may prove to be incorrect. In addition to any other assumptions identified in this document, assumptions have been made regarding, among other things:

 

the ability of the Company to obtain equipment, services and supplies in a timely manner to carry out its activities in Canada and internationally;
the ability of the Company to market crude oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas successfully to current and new customers;
the timing and costs of pipeline and storage facility construction and expansion and the ability to secure adequate product transportation;
the timely receipt of required regulatory approvals;
the ability of the Company to obtain financing on acceptable terms;
foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates;
future crude oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas prices; and
Management’s expectations relating to the timing and results of development activities.

 

Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in such forward looking statements or information are reasonable, undue reliance should not be placed on forward looking statements because the Company can give no assurance that such expectations will prove to be correct. Financial outlooks are provided for the purpose of understanding the Company’s financial strength and business objectives and the information may not be appropriate for other purposes. Forward looking statements or information are based on current expectations, estimates and projections that involve a number of risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated by the Company and described in the forward looking statements or information. These risks and uncertainties include but are not limited to:

 

the ability of management to execute its business plan;
the risks of the oil and gas industry, both domestically and internationally, such as operational risks in exploring for, developing and producing crude oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas;
risks and uncertainties involving geology of crude oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas deposits;
risks inherent in the Company's marketing operations, including credit risk;
the uncertainty of reserves estimates and reserves life and estimates of contingent resources and estimates of prospective resources and associated expenditures;
the uncertainty of estimates and projections relating to production, costs and expenses;
potential delays or changes in plans with respect to exploration or development projects or capital expenditures;
the Company's ability to enter into or renew leases on acceptable terms;
fluctuations in crude oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas prices, foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates;
health, safety and environmental risks;
uncertainties as to the availability and cost of financing;
the ability of the Company to add production and reserves through exploration and development activities;
general economic and business conditions;
the possibility that government policies or laws may change or governmental approvals may be delayed or withheld;
uncertainty in amounts and timing of royalty payments;
risks associated with existing and potential future law suits and regulatory actions against the Company; and

other risks and uncertainties described elsewhere in this annual information form or in the Company's other filings with Canadian securities authorities.

 

The forward-looking statements or information contained in this annual information form are made as of the date hereof and the Company undertakes no obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statements or information, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, unless required by applicable securities laws.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 5  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Presentation of Oil and Gas Information

 

Oil and gas reserves and production

 

All oil and natural gas reserve information contained in this annual information form is derived from the GLJ Report and has been prepared and presented in accordance with the Canadian Oil and Gas Evaluation Handbook (“COGEH”) and National Instrument 51-101 Standards of Disclosure for Oil and Gas Activities ("NI 51-101"). The actual oil and natural gas reserves and future production will be greater than or less than the estimates provided in this annual information form. The estimated future net revenue from the production of the disclosed oil and natural gas reserves does not represent the fair market value of these reserves.

 

Natural gas volumes have been converted on the basis of six thousand cubic feet of natural gas to one barrel of oil equivalent. Barrels of oil equivalent (“boe”) may be misleading, particularly if used in isolation. A boe conversion ratio of six thousand cubic feet of natural gas to one barrel of oil is based on an energy equivalency conversion method primarily applicable at the burner tip and does not represent a value equivalency at the wellhead.

 

Contingent resources

 

"Contingent resources" are not, and should not be confused with, petroleum and natural gas reserves. "Contingent resources" are defined in COGEH as those quantities of petroleum estimated, as of a given date, to be potentially recoverable from known accumulations using established technology or technology under development, but which are not currently considered to be commercially recoverable due to one or more contingencies. Contingencies may include factors such as economic, legal, environmental, political and regulatory matters or a lack of markets. It is also appropriate to classify as contingent resource the estimated discovered recoverable quantities associated with a project in the early evaluation stage.

 

The primary contingencies which currently prevent the classification of Vermilion’s contingent resource as reserves include but are not limited to:

 

preparation of firm development plans, including determination of the specific scope and timing of projects;
project sanction;
access to capital markets;
shareholder and regulatory approvals as applicable;
access to required services and field development infrastructure;
oil and natural gas prices in Canada and internationally in jurisdictions in which Vermilion operates;
demonstration of economic viability;
future drilling program and testing results;
further reservoir delineation and studies;
facility design work;
corporate commitment;
development timing;
limitations to development based on adverse topography or other surface restrictions; and
the uncertainty regarding marketing and transportation of petroleum from development areas.

 

There is no certainty that it will be commercially viable to produce any portion of the contingent resources or that Vermilion will produce any portion of the volumes currently classified as contingent resources. The estimates of contingent resources involve implied assessment, based on certain estimates and assumptions, that the contingent resources described exists in the quantities predicted or estimated and that the contingent resources can be profitably produced in the future.  The estimated net present value of the future net revenue from the contingent resources does not represent the fair market value of the contingent resources.  Actual contingent resources (and any volumes that may be reclassified as reserves) and future production therefrom may be greater than or less than the estimates provided herein.

 

Prospective resources

 

“Prospective resources" are not, and should not be confused with, petroleum and natural gas reserves. "Prospective resources" are defined in COGEH as those quantities of petroleum estimated, as of a given date, to be potentially recoverable from undiscovered accumulations by application of future development projects.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 6  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

There is no certainty that any portion of the prospective resources will be discovered. If discovered, there is no certainty that it will be commercially viable to produce any portion of the prospective resources or that Vermilion will produce any portion of the volumes currently classified as prospective resources. The estimates of prospective resources involve implied assessment, based on certain estimates and assumptions, that the resources described exists in the quantities predicted or estimated and that the resources can be profitably produced in the future. The estimated net present value of the future net revenue from the prospective resources does not represent the fair market value of the prospective resources.  The recovery and resources estimates provided herein are estimates only. Actual prospective resources (and any volumes that may be reclassified as reserves or contingent resources) and future production from such prospective resources may be greater than or less than the estimates provided herein.

 

Non-GAAP Measures

 

This AIF includes references to certain financial and performance measures which do not have standardized meanings prescribed by International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRS"). These measures include:

 

Fund flows from operations: Fund flows from operations is a measure of profit or loss in accordance with IFRS 8 “Operating Segments”.  Please see "Segmented information" in the "Notes to the consolidated financial statements" for a reconciliation of fund flows from operations to net earnings.  Vermilion analyzes fund flows from operations both on a consolidated basis and on a business unit basis in order to assess the contribution of each business unit to the Company's ability to generate income necessary to pay dividends, repay debt, fund asset retirement obligations and make capital investments.
Netbacks: Netbacks are per boe and per mcf performance measures used in the analysis of operational activities.  Vermilion assesses netbacks both on a consolidated basis and on a business unit basis in order to compare and assess the operational and financial performance of each business unit versus other business units and also versus third party crude oil and natural gas producers.

 

In addition, this AIF includes references to certain financial measures which are not specified, defined, or determined under IFRS and are therefore considered non-GAAP financial measures. These non-GAAP financial measures are unlikely to be comparable to similar financial measures presented by other issuers. These non-GAAP financial measures include:

 

Cash dividends per share: Represents actual cash dividends paid per share by the Company during the relevant periods.
Capital expenditures: Represents the sum of drilling and development and exploration and evaluation. Vermilion considers capital expenditures to be a useful measure of its investment in the Company's existing asset base. Capital expenditures are also referred to as E&D capital.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 7  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Vermilion's Organizational Structure

 

Vermilion Energy Inc. is the successor to the Trust, following the completion of the Conversion Arrangement whereby the Trust converted from an income trust to a corporate structure by way of a court approved plan of arrangement under the ABCA on September 1, 2010.

 

As at December 31, 2018, Vermilion had 698 full time employees of which 225 employees were located in its Calgary head office, 92 employees in its Canadian field offices, 152 employees in France, 60 employees in the Netherlands, 32 employees in Australia, 21 employees in the United States, 29 employees in Germany, 5 employees in Hungary, 3 employees in Croatia and 79 employees in Ireland.

 

Vermilion was incorporated on July 21, 2010 pursuant to the provisions of the ABCA for the purpose of facilitating the Conversion Arrangement.  The registered and head office of Vermilion Energy Inc. is located at Suite 3500, 520 – 3rd Avenue S.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2P 0R3.

 

The following diagram shows the intercorporate relationships among the Company and each of its material subsidiaries, where each material subsidiary was incorporated or formed and the percentage of votes attaching to all voting securities of each material subsidiary beneficially owned directly or indirectly by Vermilion. Reference should be made to the appropriate sections of this AIF for a complete description of the structure of the Company.

 

  

Note:

(1)Vermilion Energy Ireland Limited is the Irish Branch of a Cayman Islands incorporated company.

 

Description of the Business

 

Vermilion is an international energy producer that seeks to create value through the acquisition, exploration, development and optimization of producing properties in North America, Europe and Australia. Vermilion focuses on the exploitation of light oil and liquids-rich natural gas conventional resource plays in Canada and the United States, the exploration and development of high impact natural gas opportunities in the Netherlands and Germany, and oil drilling and workover programs in France and Australia. Vermilion also holds a 20% operated working interest in the Corrib gas field in Ireland.

 

Vermilion's priorities are health and safety, the environment, and profitability, in that order. Nothing is more important to us than the safety of the public and those who work with us, and the protection of our natural surroundings. Vermilion has been recognized as a top decile performer amongst Canadian publicly listed companies in governance practices, as a Climate "A" List performer by the CDP (formerly the Carbon Disclosure Project), and a Best Workplace in the Great Place to Work® Institute's annual rankings in Canada, the Netherlands and Germany. Vermilion emphasizes strategic community investment in each of our operating areas.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 8  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Vermilion has operations in three core areas: North America, Europe and Australia. Vermilion's business within these regions is managed at the country level through business units which form the basis of the Company's operating segments. These business units and the material oil and natural gas properties, facilities and installations in which Vermilion has an interest are discussed below.

 

The following table summarizes production, sales, proved reserves, and proved plus probable reserves for each of Vermilion's business units as at and for the year ended December 31, 2018.

  

 

Business Unit

 

Production

(boe/d)

   Oil sales
($ millions)
   NGL sales
($ millions)
   Natural gas sales
($ millions)
  

Sales

($ million)

  

Gross Proved
Reserves

(Mboe)(1)

  

Gross Proved
Plus Probable
Reserves

(Mboe)(1)

 
Canada   48,630    541,844    56,554    72,774    671,172    181,664    284,476 
France   11,396    360,471        131    360,602    43,466    63,918 
Netherlands   7,779    2,462        163,454    165,916    11,802    22,196 
Germany   3,614    32,704        49,745    82,449    12,991    25,735 
Ireland   9,195            205,150    205,150    13,093    20,575 
Australia   4,494    150,733            150,733    9,668    14,480 
United States   1,992    31,142    4,622    2,701    38,465    25,147    56,214 
Central and Eastern Europe   169            3,630    3,630    131    191 
Total   87,270    1,119,356    61,176    497,585    1,678,117    297,962    487,785 

 

(1)"Gross Reserves" are Vermilion's working interest (operating or non-operating) share before deduction of royalty obligations and without including any royalty interests of Vermilion.

 

Canada Business Unit

 

Vermilion’s Canadian production is primarily focused in the West Pembina region of West Central Alberta and in southeast Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Vermilion's main targets in West Pembina are the condensate-rich Mannville and Cardium light oil plays, while our light oil targets in southeast Saskatchewan and Manitoba are the Mississippian Midale, Frobisher/Alida and Ratcliffe formations. West Pembina is the Company's main NGL producing area.

 

Vermilion holds an average 80% working interest in approximately 680,300 (544,500 net) acres of developed land, and an average 87% working interest in approximately 504,900 (439,800 net) acres of undeveloped land. Vermilion had 554 (397 net) producing natural gas wells and 5,272 (3,346 net) producing oil wells in Canada as at December 31, 2018.

 

Vermilion has access to ample facilities and processing capacity across the major plays in our Canadian portfolio. In Alberta, our operations are very geographically focused and we own and operate the large majority of associated key infrastructure including pipelines, compressor stations, oil batteries and gas plants, many of which have surplus capacity for our planned production. Furthermore, we are interconnected in several locations with third party midstream infrastructure that provides significant room for growth. In Saskatchewan, where our operations are oil focused, we own and operate extensive pipeline networks and oil batteries in each of our field areas that also have surplus capacity for our planned production. The significant degree of operating control and the coverage of our land base by key infrastructure in all of our Canadian regions allows us to drive operating efficiencies in the field and supports our growth profile.

 

In May 2018, Vermilion acquired Spartan Energy Corp. ("Spartan") representing the largest corporate acquisition in the Company's history. Consideration consisted of the issuance of 27.9 million Vermilion common shares valued at approximately $1.2 billion (based on the closing price per Vermilion common share of $44.30 on the Toronto Stock Exchange on May 28, 2018). Vermilion also assumed approximately $172 million of Spartan's outstanding debt at the time the transaction closed. The acquisition added over 400,000 net acres to our southeast Saskatchewan land base.

 

During 2018 Vermilion drilled or participated in 23 (20.7 net) Mannville wells and four (2.7 net) Cardium wells in Alberta and 146 (112.8 net) wells in southeast Saskatchewan, 126 (92.6 net) of which were drilled on the Spartan assets. In 2019, we plan to drill or participate in 143 (129.0 net) light oil wells in Saskatchewan and 20 (17.7 net) wells in Alberta including 19 (16.7 net) Mannville wells. This will mark our most active capital program ever in Canada as we focus on our first full year operating the former Spartan assets.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 9  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

France Business Unit

 

Vermilion entered France in 1997 and has completed three subsequent acquisitions. The Company is the largest oil producer in the country and represents approximately three-quarters of domestic oil production. Vermilion predominately produces oil in France and the Company's oil is priced with reference to Dated Brent.

 

Vermilion's main producing areas in France are located in the Aquitaine Basin which is southwest of Bordeaux, France and in the Paris Basin, located just east of Paris. The two major fields in the Paris Basin area are Champotran and Chaunoy and the two major fields in the Aquitaine Basin are Parentis and Cazaux. Vermilion operates 19 oil batteries and 15 single well batteries in the country. Given the legacy nature of these assets, the throughput capability of these batteries exceeds any projected future requirements. Vermilion holds an average 96% working interest in 258,100 (248,900 net) acres of developed land and 92% working interest in 274,000 (251,800 net) acres of undeveloped land in the Aquitaine and Paris Basins. Vermilion had 344 (337 net) producing oil wells and two (2.0 net) producing gas wells in France as at December 31, 2018.

 

In 2018, Vermilion drilled two (2.0 net) wells in the Neocomian field in the Paris basin and three (3.0 net) wells in the Champotran field. In 2019, Vermilion intends to drill four (4.0 net) Champotran wells. The Company also intends to continue its ongoing program of workovers and optimizations. By continuing to develop its inventory in France, while minimizing declines through workovers and optimizations, Vermilion seeks to deliver moderate production growth from its French assets.

 

Netherlands Business Unit

 

Vermilion entered the Netherlands in 2004 and is the country's second largest onshore natural gas producer (excluding state-owned energy company EBN). Vermilion's natural gas production in the Netherlands is priced off of the TTF index.

 

Vermilion's Netherlands assets consist of 26 onshore concessions (all operated) and 17 offshore concessions (all non-operated). Production consists primarily of natural gas with a small amount of related condensate. Vermilion’s total land position in the Netherlands covers 1,927,300 (930,000 net) acres at an average 48% working interest, of which 90% is undeveloped. Vermilion had 114 (103 net) producing natural gas wells as at December 31, 2018.

 

Vermilion brought on production the previously drilled and tested Eesveen-02 well (60% working interest) in the Netherlands during 2018 and the Company expects to drill two (1.0 net) exploration wells in 2019. Vermilion expects that its inventory of potentially high-impact exploration and development opportunities in the Netherlands will continue to support the Company's production growth in the country.

 

Germany Business Unit

 

Vermilion entered Germany in 2014 with the acquisition of a 25% non-operated interest in natural gas producing assets. In December 2016, Vermilion completed an acquisition of oil and gas producing properties that provided Vermilion with its first operated position in the country. Vermilion holds a significant undeveloped land position in Germany as a result of a farm-in agreement the Company entered into in 2015. Vermilion's natural gas production in Germany is based on the NCG and GPL indexes, which are both highly correlated to the TTF benchmark, and Vermilion's oil production is priced with reference to Dated Brent.

 

Including the interests that were acquired in December 2016, Vermilion’s producing assets in Germany consist of operated and non-operated interests in seven natural gas fields and eight oil fields. Prior to the December 2016 acquisition, Vermilion's producing assets in Germany consisted of a 25% non-operated interest in four natural gas fields. Vermilion had 133 (105 net) producing oil wells and 21 (8 net) producing natural gas wells as at December 31, 2018.

 

Vermilion holds a significant land position in northwest Germany comprised of 88,600 (32,600 net) developed acres and 2,815,400 (1,149,400 net) undeveloped acres. The Company also holds a 0.4% equity interest in Erdgas Munster GmbH ("EGM"), a joint venture created in 1959 to jointly transport, process, and market gas in northwest Germany. This transportation interest allows for our proportionate share of produced volumes to be processed, blended, and transported to designated gas consumers through the EGM network of approximately 2,000 kilometres of pipeline. Furthermore, the Company holds a 50% equity interest in Hannoversche Erdölleitung GmbH ("HEG"), a joint venture company created in 1959 that collects and transports oil through a 185 km network of infrastructure from the Hannover region to rail loading facilities in Hannover.

 

During 2018, Vermilion focused on permitting and other pre-drill activities associated with our first operated well in Germany, Burgmoor Z5 (46% working interest) in the Dümmersee-Uchte area, along with other workover and optimization opportunities. In 2019, the Company plans to drill the Burgmoor Z5 well and continue to invest in optimization and other well work. Vermilion will also advance permitting, studies and other activities associated with the farm-in agreement signed in mid-2015.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 10  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Ireland Business Unit

 

Vermilion acquired an 18.5% non-operating interest in the offshore Corrib gas field located off the northwest coast of Ireland in 2009. The asset is comprised of six offshore wells, an onshore natural gas processing facility and offshore and onshore pipeline segments. At the time of the acquisition most of the key components of the project, with the exception of the onshore pipeline, were either complete or in the latter stages of development. In 2011, approvals and permissions were granted for the onshore gas pipeline and tunneling commenced in December 2012. In September 2015, the project operator, Shell E&P Ireland Limited, declared the project operationally ready for service. With the final regulatory consent received on December 29, 2015, gas began to flow from the Corrib project on December 30, 2015.

 

Production volumes at Corrib reached full plant capacity of approximately 65 mmcf/d (10,900 boe/d) net to Vermilion at the end of Q2 2016 following recertification activities associated with a third party gas distribution pipeline network. Production plateaued at this level until decline started at the beginning of 2018.

 

In July 2017, Vermilion and Canada Pension Plan Investment Board ("CPPIB") announced a strategic partnership in Corrib, whereby CPPIB acquired Shell E&P Ireland Limited’s 45% interest in Corrib. At closing, Vermilion assumed operatorship of Corrib and CPPIB transferred a 1.5% working interest to Vermilion, bringing our ownership interest in Corrib to 20%. The acquisition has an effective date of January 1, 2017 and closed in December 2018.

 

Australia Business Unit

 

In 2005, Vermilion acquired a 60% operated interest in the Wandoo offshore oil field and related production assets, located on Western Australia's northwest shelf. In 2007, Vermilion acquired the remaining 40% interest in the asset. Production occurs from 18 well bores and five lateral sidetrack wells that are tied into two platforms, Wandoo 'A' and Wandoo 'B'. Wandoo 'B' is permanently manned, houses the required production facilities and incorporates 400,000 bbls of oil storage within the platform's concrete gravity structure. The Wandoo 'B' facilities are capable of processing 162,000 bbl/d of total fluid to separate the oil from produced water. Vermilion's land position in the Wandoo field is comprised of 59,600 acres (gross and net).

 

During 2018, Vermilion drilled two (2.0 net) wells in Australia and does not presently expect to drill any additional Australian wells until approximately 2021. Vermilion intends to manage its Australian asset and related capital investment programs to maintain stable production levels of approximately 6,000 bbl/d.

 

United States Business Unit

 

Vermilion entered the United States in 2014 in the East Finn oil field of northeastern Wyoming and expanded its position through the 2018 acquisition of mineral land and producing assets in the Hilight oil field located approximately 40 miles northwest of the existing assets. The Company's assets include 165,100 (148,700 net) acres of land in the Powder River basin, of which 71% is undeveloped. Vermilion had 127 (118 net) producing oil wells in the United States as at December 31, 2018. All of our working interest ownership in Wyoming is Company operated.

 

During 2018, Vermilion continued work on its early stage Turner Sand development in the Powder River Basin, drilling and completing five (5.0 net) wells on our East Finn asset and one (1.0 net) well on our recently acquired Hilight asset. In 2019, Vermilion expects to drill six (6.0 net) wells on our Hilight asset and another two (2.0 net) wells on our East Finn asset.

 

Central and Eastern Europe ("CEE") Business Unit

 

Vermilion established a CEE Business unit in 2014 with a head office in Budapest, Hungary. The CEE business unit is responsible for business development in the CEE, including managing the exploration and development opportunities associated with the Company's land holdings in Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia.

 

Vermilion's land position in the CEE consists of 652,800 (652,800 net) acres in Hungary, 485,000 (242,500 net) acres in Slovakia and 2.35 million (2.35 million net) acres in Croatia. Currently, 99% of Vermilion's land position in the CEE is undeveloped.

 

Vermilion drilled its first well (1.0 net) in the CEE in the South Battonya license of Hungary in 2018. In 2019, Vermilion plans to drill three (2.5 net) net wells in Hungary, four (2.0 net) wells in Slovakia, and three (2.5 net) wells in Croatia, representing a notable increase in activity in the business unit from prior years.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 11  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

General Development of the Business

 

Three Year History and Outlook

 

The following describes the development of Vermilion's business over the last three completed financial years.

 

With the exception of the acquisition of Spartan in May 2018, none of the acquisitions described below constituted a “significant acquisition” within the meaning of applicable securities laws. A Business Acquisition Report (Form 51-102F4) relating to the acquisition of Spartan was filed on July 30, 2018 and is incorporated by reference in this AIF. A copy of this report is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com under Vermilion’s SEDAR profile.

 

2016

 

Vermilion achieved record annual production of 63,526 boe/d representing an increase of 16% as compared to 2015. The increase was attributable to a full-year of Corrib production and organic growth in the Netherlands.

 

The commodity price environment was extremely challenging during 2016. WTI averaged US$43.32/bbl for the year and reached an intra-year, monthly average low of US$30.62/bbl in February 2016. Accordingly, in January 2016, Vermilion announced a $285 million E&D capital budget for 2016 representing a 42% decrease from 2015. As commodity prices continued to weaken during Q1 2016, in February 2016 Vermilion announced a further reduction in its 2016 E&D capital budget to $235 million. In August 2016, Vermilion modestly increased its E&D capital expenditure guidance for 2016 to $240 million. E&D capital expenditures for 2016 totaled $242.4 million, representing decreases from 2015 and 2014 of 50% and 65%, respectively.

 

Vermilion maintained its monthly dividend at $0.215 per share during the year. Commencing with the October 2016 dividend payment, the Company began prorating the Premium DividendTM Component of the Dividend Reinvestment Plan (implemented in February 2015) by 25%. This resulted from the continued strength in the Company's business associated with cost reductions and capital efficiency improvements coupled with the expectation of a more stable commodity price environment. Vermilion subsequently increased the proration factor applied to the Premium DividendTM Component to 50% commencing with the January 2017 dividend payment. In February 2017, the Company announced a further increase in the proration factor to 75% commencing with the April 2017 dividend payment.

 

Vermilion repaid the $225 million of 6.5% Senior Unsecured Notes that came due on February 10, 2016 with funds from its credit facility. While the Company assessed opportunities to diversify its debt structure, the credit facility represented the Company’s most cost-effective method of borrowing.

 

Effective March 1, 2016, Mr. Lorenzo Donadeo retired as Chief Executive Officer of Vermilion and became Chair of the Board of Directors. Mr. Anthony Marino, previously the Company's President and Chief Operating Officer, assumed the role of President and CEO. Mr. Larry Macdonald, previously the Board of Director's Chair, assumed the newly created role of Lead Independent Director.

 

In December 2016, Vermilion closed an acquisition of producing oil and gas properties in Germany from Engie E&P Deutschland GmbH for total consideration of $45.6 million, net of acquired product inventory. The acquisition comprised operated and non-operated interests in five oil and three natural gas producing fields, along with an operated interest in one exploration license. Vermilion assumed operatorship of six of the eight producing fields, with the other fields operated by ExxonMobil Production Deutschland ("EMPG") and Deutsche Erdoel AG ("DEA"). Production from the acquired assets was approximately 2,000 boe/d in 2016. The acquisition provided Vermilion with its first operated producing properties in Germany, and advanced the Company’s objective of developing a material business unit in the country.

 

In June 2016, the Republic of Croatia ratified the grant of four exploration blocks to Vermilion. The exploration blocks consisted of approximately 2.35 million gross acres (100% working interest), with a substantial portion of the acreage located near existing crude oil and natural gas fields in northeast Croatia. The initial five-year exploration period consists of two phases with an option to relinquish the blocks following the initial three-year phase. In December 2016, Vermilion entered into a farm-in agreement in Slovakia with NAFTA, Slovakia's dominant exploration and production company. The farm-in agreement grants Vermilion a 50% working interest to jointly explore 183,000 gross acres on an existing license. The primary term of the farm-in agreement is five years.

 

Vermilion was awarded a position on CDP's 2016 Climate "A" List. CDP (formerly Carbon Disclosure Project) is a London-based not-for-profit organization that administers a global environmental disclosure system that assists in the measurement and management of corporate environmental impacts. Only 193 companies globally achieved Climate "A" List recognition in 2016 and Vermilion was one of only five oil and gas companies in the world, and the only North American energy company, on the 2016 Climate "A" List. Vermilion has voluntarily reported emissions data to CDP for each year since 2012, recognizing the importance of measuring and understanding the Company’s environmental impact.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 12  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

2017

 

Vermilion achieved record annual production of 68,021 boe/d representing an increase of 7% as compared to 2016. Production growth in Canada, the US, Ireland and Germany more than offset lower production in France, Netherlands and Australia. Permitting delays significantly reduced Netherlands production volumes in 2017, while an unplanned 31-day downtime period at Corrib late in Q3 2017 reduced annual production by approximately 900 boe/d.

 

Vermilion maintained its monthly dividend at $0.215 per share throughout 2017. As the Company's business continued its strong performance and with the prospect of a more stable commodity price environment, Vermilion discontinued the Premium DividendTM Component of its dividend reinvestment plan beginning with the July 2017 dividend payment.

 

In March 2017, Vermilion issued US$300 million aggregate principal amount of eight-year senior unsecured notes bearing interest at a rate of 5.625% per annum. This issuance was completed by way of a private offering and represented Vermilion's first issuance in the US debt markets. The issuance of US dollar denominated debt provides a natural hedge against our largely US dollar denominated revenue streams.

 

In April 2017, Vermilion extended the term of its credit facility with its banking syndicate to May 2021. Following a review of the Company's projected liquidity requirements and the receipt of proceeds from the US debt issuance, the total facility amount was voluntarily reduced to $1.4 billion from $2.0 billion.

 

In July 2017, Vermilion and Canada Pension Plan Investment Board ("CPPIB") announced a strategic partnership in the Corrib Natural Gas Project in Ireland (Corrib), whereby CPPIB will acquire Shell E&P Ireland Limited’s 45% interest in Corrib. As part of the transaction, Vermilion assumed operatorship of Corrib and an additional 1.5% working interest in Corrib. The acquisition had an effective date of January 1, 2017 and closed in late 2018.

 

In December 2017, Vermilion was awarded a license for the Békéssámson concession in Hungary for a 4-year term. Located adjacent to the existing South Battonya concession in southeast Hungary, the Békéssámson concession covers 330,700 net acres (100% working interest) and more than doubled the size of the Company's total land position in the country.

 

Vermilion continued to be recognized for its commitment to being a leader on environmental, social and governance matters in 2017. The Company received a top quartile ranking for its industry sector in RobecoSAM’s annual Corporate Sustainability Assessment (“CSA”). The CSA analyzes sustainability performance across economic, environmental, governance and social criteria, and is the basis of the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices. The RobecoSAM assessment follows earlier recognition of Vermilion’s sustainability performance, including placement on the CDP Climate “A” List as a global leader in environmental stewardship, and receipt of the French government’s Circular Economy Award for Industrial and Regional Ecology for Vermilion's geothermal energy partnership in Parentis. Vermilion was also ranked 13th by Corporate Knights on the Future 40 Responsible Corporate Leaders in Canada list. This marked the fourth year in a row that Vermilion has been recognized by Corporate Knights as one of Canada's top sustainability performers. Vermilion’s MSCI ESG (Environment, Social and Governance) rating increased from BBB to A for 2017 and our Governance Metrics score ranked in the 90th percentile globally.

 

2018

 

Vermilion achieved record annual production of 87,270 boe/d representing an increase of 28% as compared to 2017. Production in Canada reached record levels as the Company completed the most significant corporate acquisition in its history, acquiring Spartan in May 2018 for total consideration of $1.4 billion. Production also grew in the US due to an acquisition completed in August 2018 near Vermilion's existing assets in the Powder River Basin.

 

Vermilion increased its monthly dividend to $0.23 per share from $0.215 per share beginning with the April 2018 dividend. Upon closing the acquisition of Spartan, the 2% discount associated with our Dividend Reinvestment Plan was eliminated, beginning with the June 2018 dividend.

 

In February 2018, Vermilion closed an acquisition of a private southeast Saskatchewan producer. The acquisition added over 1,000 bbl/d of high netback 40° API oil and 42,600 net acres of land straddling the Saskatchewan and Manitoba border, near Vermilion's existing operations in southeast Saskatchewan. Total consideration of $91 million, which includes both cash paid to the shareholders of the acquired company and the assumption of long-term debt, was funded through the Company's revolving credit facility.

 

In May 2018, Vermilion acquired all of the issued and outstanding common shares of Spartan, a publicly traded southeast Saskatchewan oil producer. Total consideration for the acquisition was $1.4 billion consisting of the issuance of 27.9 million Vermilion common shares valued at approximately $1.2 billion (based on the closing price per Vermilion common share of $44.30 on the Toronto Stock Exchange on May 28, 2018) and the assumption of approximately $175 million of Spartan's outstanding debt at the time the transaction closed.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 13  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

In August 2018, Vermilion acquired mineral land and producing assets in the Powder River Basin in Wyoming for total cash consideration of approximately $189 million. The acquisition is comprised of low base decline, light oil-weighted production and high-quality mineral leasehold in the Powder River Basin in Campbell County, Wyoming, approximately 40 miles (65 kilometres) northwest of Vermilion's existing operations. The Assets include approximately 55,700 net acres of land (approximately 96% working interest) and approximately 2,500 boe/d (63% oil and NGLs) of production with an estimated annual base decline rate of 13%. Approximately half of the current production comes from three federal secondary recovery units in the Muddy formation, with the remainder coming from higher netback production from Turner Sand horizontal producers.

 

In December 2018, Vermilion closed our acquisition of an additional 1.5% working interest in Corrib bringing the Company's ownership interest in the project to 20%. Vermilion also assumed operatorship of Corrib resulting in a significant increase in the degree of operating control across the Company's portfolio.

 

Vermilion received a top quartile ranking for its industry sector in RobecoSAM’s annual Corporate Sustainability Assessment. The CSA analyzes sustainability performance across economic, environmental, governance and social criteria, and is the basis of the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices. Vermilion was ranked 11th by Corporate Knights on the Future 40 Responsible Corporate Leaders in Canada list. This marks the fifth year in a row that Vermilion has been recognized by Corporate Knights as one of Canada's top sustainability performers and we continue to be the highest ranked oil and gas company on the list. Vermilion’s MSCI ESG (Environment, Social and Governance) received an A rating for the second consecutive year and the Company's Governance Metrics score ranked in the top decile globally. Vermilion scored an 82 out of 100 on the annual ratings conducted by Sustainalytics, ranking at the top of its peer group. Sustainalytics rates the sustainability of participating companies based on their environmental, social and governance performance.

 

Further demonstrating Vermilion's commitment to being a leader in environmental, social and governance practices, the Board of Directors has established a Sustainability Committee to provide oversight with respect to sustainability policy and performance. Members of the committee are Tim Marchant (Chair), Carin Knickel, Steve Larke and Bill Roby, each an independent director.

 

Outlook

 

Vermilion's business model continues to allow for flexibility in response to volatile commodity prices and regulatory changes. The Company intends to maintain a low level of financial leverage and continue to fund dividends and E&D capital investment from internally generated fund flows from operations. Consistent with these objectives, in October 2018 Vermilion announced an E&D capital budget for 2019 of $530 million with corresponding production guidance of between 101,000 to 106,000 boe/d. The 2019 program reflects a full year of development on the Spartan assets, additional capital associated with the recently acquired assets in the Powder River Basin, and also incorporates a significantly expanded drilling program in Europe.

 

TM denotes trademark of Canaccord Genuity Capital Corporation.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 14  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Statement of Reserves Data and Other Oil and Gas Information

 

Reserves and future net revenue

 

The following is a summary of the oil and natural gas reserves and the value of future net revenue of Vermilion as evaluated by GLJ in a report dated February 7, 2019 with an effective date of December 31, 2018. Pricing used in the forecast price evaluations is set forth in the notes to the tables.

 

Reserves and other oil and gas information contained in this section is effective December 31, 2018 unless otherwise stated.

 

All evaluations of future net revenue set forth in the tables below are stated after overriding and lessor royalties, Crown royalties, freehold royalties, mineral taxes, direct lifting costs, normal allocated overhead and future capital investments, including abandonment and reclamation obligations.  Future net revenues estimated by the GLJ Report do not represent the fair market value of the reserves. Other assumptions relating to the costs, prices for future production and other matters are included in the GLJ Report. There is no assurance that the future price and cost assumptions used in the GLJ Report will prove accurate and variances could be material.

 

Reserves are established using deterministic methodology. Total proved reserves are established at the 90 percent probability (P90) level. There is a 90 percent probability that the actual reserves recovered will be equal to or greater than the P90 reserves. Total proved plus probable reserves are established at the 50 percent probability (P50) level. There is a 50 percent probability that the actual reserves recovered will be equal to or greater than the P50 reserves.

 

The Report on Reserves Data by Independent Qualified Reserves Evaluator in Form 51-101F2 and the Report of Management and Directors on Oil and Gas Disclosure in Form 51-101F3 are contained in Schedules "B" and "C", respectively.

 

The following tables provide reserves data and a breakdown of future net revenue by component and product type using forecast prices and costs. For Canada, the tables following include Alberta Gas Cost Allowance.

 

The following tables may not total due to rounding.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 15  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Oil and gas reserves - Based on forecast prices and costs (1)

 

   Light & Medium Crude Oil (Mbbl)   Heavy Oil (Mbbl)   Tight Oil (Mbbl)   Conventional Natural Gas (MMcf) 
Proved Developed
Producing (3) (5) (6)
  Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2) 
Australia   8,048    8,048    8,048                                     
Canada   53,791    53,646    48,190    22    22    19                192,567    192,162    178,329 
France   36,519    36,519    33,145                            6,464    6,464    5,899 
Germany   4,401    4,401    4,287                            32,870    32,870    28,047 
Hungary                                       788    788    630 
Ireland                                       78,560    78,560    78,560 
Netherlands                                       45,003    45,003    44,536 
United States   3,751    3,751    3,120                            29,335    29,335    24,438 
Total Proved Developed Producing   106,510    106,365    96,790    22    22    19                385,587    385,182    360,439 
                                                             
   Shale Gas (MMcf)   Coal Bed Methane (MMcf)   Natural Gas Liquids (Mbbl)   BOE (Mboe) 
Proved Developed
Producing (3) (5) (6)
  Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2) 
Australia                                       8,048    8,048    8,048 
Canada   906    906    860    629    629    587    17,829    17,787    14,714    103,992    103,738    92,886 
France                                       37,596    37,596    34,128 
Germany                                       9,879    9,879    8,962 
Hungary                                       131    131    105 
Ireland                                       13,093    13,093    13,093 
Netherlands                           128    128    127    7,629    7,629    7,550 
United States                           3,065    3,065    2,553    11,705    11,705    9,746 
Total Proved Developed Producing   906    906    860    629    629    587    21,022    20,980    17,394    192,073    191,819    174,518 
                                                             
   Light & Medium Crude Oil (Mbbl)   Heavy Oil (Mbbl)   Tight Oil (Mbbl)   Conventional Natural Gas (MMcf) 
Proved Developed
Non-Producing (3) (5) (7)
  Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2) 
Australia   1,620    1,620    1,620                                     
Canada   5,891    5,890    4,916                            14,427    14,427    13,273 
France   441    441    381                                     
Germany   689    689    667                            8,126    8,126    7,088 
Hungary                                                
Ireland                                                
Netherlands                                       20,475    20,475    20,475 
United States                                                
Total Proved Developed Non-Producing   8,641    8,640    7,584                            43,028    43,028    40,836 
                                                             
   Shale Gas (MMcf)   Coal Bed Methane (MMcf)   Natural Gas Liquids (Mbbl)   BOE (Mboe) 

Proved Developed

Non-Producing (3) (5) (7)

  Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)  

Company

Interest (2)

   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2) 
Australia                                       1,620    1,620    1,620 
Canada               746    746    703    1,076    1,076    940    9,496    9,495    8,185 
France                                       441    441    381 
Germany                                       2,043    2,043    1,848 
Hungary                                                
Ireland                                                
Netherlands                           56    56    56    3,469    3,469    3,469 
United States                                                
Total Proved Developed Non-Producing               746    746    703    1,132    1,132    996    17,069    17,068    15,503 

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 16  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

   Light & Medium Crude Oil (Mbbl)   Heavy Oil (Mbbl)   Tight Oil (Mbbl)   Conventional Natural Gas (MMcf) 
Proved Undeveloped (3) (8)  Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2) 
Australia                                                
Canada   35,041    35,029    30,617    78    78    67                111,756    111,752    101,206 
France   5,419    5,419    4,861                            57    57    57 
Germany   648    648    633                            2,523    2,523    1,919 
Hungary                                                
Ireland                                                
Netherlands                                       4,228    4,228    4,228 
United States   9,238    9,238    7,633                            15,370    15,370    12,766 
Total Proved Undeveloped   50,346    50,334    43,744    78    78    67                133,934    133,930    120,176 
                                                             
   Shale Gas (MMcf)   Coal Bed Methane (MMcf)   Natural Gas Liquids (Mbbl)   BOE (Mboe) 
Proved Undeveloped (3) (8)  Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2) 
Australia                                                
Canada               453    453    362    14,630    14,623    12,797    68,451    68,431    60,409 
France                                       5,429    5,429    4,871 
Germany                                       1,069    1,069    953 
Hungary                                                
Ireland                                                
Netherlands                                       705    705    705 
United States                           1,642    1,642    1,363    13,442    13,442    11,124 
Total Proved Undeveloped               453    453    362    16,272    16,265    14,160    89,096    89,076    78,062 
                                                             
   Light & Medium Crude Oil (Mbbl)   Heavy Oil (Mbbl)   Tight Oil (Mbbl)   Conventional Natural Gas (MMcf) 
Proved (3)  Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2) 
Australia   9,668    9,668    9,668                                     
Canada   94,723    94,565    83,723    100    100    86                318,750    318,341    292,808 
France   42,379    42,379    38,387                            6,521    6,521    5,956 
Germany   5,738    5,738    5,587                            43,519    43,519    37,054 
Hungary                                       788    788    630 
Ireland                                       78,560    78,560    78,560 
Netherlands                                       69,706    69,706    69,239 
United States   12,989    12,989    10,753                            44,705    44,705    37,204 
Total Proved   165,497    165,339    148,118    100    100    86                562,549    562,140    521,451 
                                                             
   Shale Gas (MMcf)   Coal Bed Methane (MMcf)   Natural Gas Liquids (Mbbl)   BOE (Mboe) 
Proved (3)  Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2) 
Australia                                       9,668    9,668    9,668 
Canada   906    906    860    1,828    1,828    1,652    33,535    33,486    28,451    181,939    181,664    161,480 
France                                       43,466    43,466    39,380 
Germany                                       12,991    12,991    11,763 
Hungary                                       131    131    105 
Ireland                                       13,093    13,093    13,093 
Netherlands                           184    184    183    11,802    11,802    11,723 
United States                           4,707    4,707    3,916    25,147    25,147    20,870 
Total Proved   906    906    860    1,828    1,828    1,652    38,426    38,377    32,550    298,237    297,962    268,082 

  

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 17  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

   Light & Medium Crude Oil (Mbbl)   Heavy Oil (Mbbl)   Tight Oil (Mbbl)   Conventional Natural Gas (MMcf) 
Probable (4)  Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2) 
Australia   4,812    4,812    4,812                                     
Canada   46,426    46,379    40,751    83    83    71                212,151    212,020    193,166 
France   20,355    20,355    18,389                            580    580    549 
Germany   3,841    3,841    3,740                            53,415    53,415    45,837 
Hungary                                       356    356    285 
Ireland                                       44,890    44,890    44,890 
Netherlands                                       61,527    61,527    58,287 
United States   20,223    20,223    16,829                            39,681    39,681    33,130 
Total Probable   95,657    95,610    84,521    83    83    71                412,600    412,469    376,144 
                                                             
   Shale Gas (MMcf)   Coal Bed Methane (MMcf)   Natural Gas Liquids (Mbbl)   BOE (Mboe) 
Probable (4)  Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2) 
Australia                                       4,812    4,812    4,812 
Canada   213    213    202    2,856    2,856    2,657    20,518    20,502    17,381    102,897    102,812    90,874 
France                                       20,452    20,452    18,481 
Germany                                       12,744    12,744    11,380 
Hungary                                       59    59    48 
Ireland                                       7,482    7,482    7,482 
Netherlands                           140    140    134    10,395    10,395    9,849 
United States                           4,231    4,231    3,532    31,068    31,068    25,883 
Total Probable   213    213    202    2,856    2,856    2,657    24,889    24,873    21,047    189,909    189,824    168,809 
                                                             
   Light & Medium Crude Oil (Mbbl)   Heavy Oil (Mbbl)   Tight Oil (Mbbl)   Conventional Natural Gas (MMcf) 
Proved Plus Probable (3) (4) 

 Company
Interest (2)

  

 Gross (2)

   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2) 
Australia   14,480    14,480    14,480                                     
Canada   141,149    140,944    124,474    183    183    157                530,901    530,361    485,974 
France   62,734    62,734    56,776                            7,101    7,101    6,505 
Germany   9,579    9,579    9,327                            96,934    96,934    82,891 
Hungary                                       1,144    1,144    915 
Ireland                                       123,450    123,450    123,450 
Netherlands                                       131,233    131,233    127,526 
United States   33,212    33,212    27,582                            84,386    84,386    70,334 
Total Proved Plus Probable   261,154    260,949    232,639    183    183    157                975,149    974,609    897,595 
                                                             
   Shale Gas (MMcf)   Coal Bed Methane (MMcf)   Natural Gas Liquids (Mbbl)   BOE (Mboe) 
Proved Plus Probable (3) (4) 

 Company
Interest (2)

  

 Gross (2)

   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2)   Company
Interest (2)
   Gross (2)   Net (2) 
Australia                                       14,480    14,480    14,480 
Canada   1,119    1,119    1,062    4,684    4,684    4,309    54,053    53,988    45,832    284,836    284,476    252,354 
France                                       63,918    63,918    57,860 
Germany                                       25,735    25,735    23,142 
Hungary                                       191    191    153 
Ireland                                       20,575    20,575    20,575 
Netherlands                           324    324    317    22,196    22,196    21,571 
United States                           8,938    8,938    7,448    56,214    56,214    46,752 
Total Proved Plus Probable   1,119    1,119    1,062    4,684    4,684    4,309    63,315    63,250    53,597    488,145    487,785    436,887 

  

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 18  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Notes:

(1)The pricing assumptions used in the GLJ Report with respect to net present value of future net revenue (forecast) as well as the inflation rates used for operating and capital costs are set forth below. See “Forecast Prices used in Estimates”. The NGL price is an aggregate of the individual natural gas liquids prices used in the Total Proved plus Probable evaluation. GLJ is an independent qualified reserves evaluator appointed pursuant to NI 51-101.
(2)"Company Interest Reserves" are Vermilion's interest (operating, non-operating, or royalty) share before deduction of royalty obligations. "Gross Reserves" are Vermilion's working interest (operating or non-operating) share before deduction of royalty obligations and without including any royalty interests of Vermilion. "Net Reserves" are Vermilion's working interest (operating or non-operating) share after deduction of royalty obligations, plus Vermilion's royalty interests in reserves.
(3)"Proved" reserves are those reserves that can be estimated with a high degree of certainty to be recoverable. It is likely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will exceed the estimated proved reserves.
(4)"Probable" reserves are those additional reserves that are less certain to be recovered than proved reserves. It is equally likely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will be greater or less than the sum of the estimated proved plus probable reserves.
(5)"Developed" reserves are those reserves that are expected to be recovered from existing wells and installed facilities or, if facilities have not been installed, that would involve a low expenditure (e.g. when compared to the cost of drilling a well) to put the reserves on production.
(6)"Developed Producing" reserves are those reserves that are expected to be recovered from completion intervals open at the time of the estimate. These reserves may be currently producing or, if shut-in, they must have previously been on production, and the date of resumption of production must be known with reasonable certainty.
(7)"Developed Non-Producing" reserves are those reserves that either have not been on production, or have previously been on production, but are shut in, and the date of resumption of production is unknown.
(8)"Undeveloped" reserves are those reserves expected to be recovered from known accumulations where a significant expenditure (for example, when compared to the cost of drilling a well) is required to render them capable of production. They must fully meet the requirements of the reserves classification (proved, probable, possible) to which they are assigned.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 19  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Net present value of future net revenue - Based on forecast prices and costs (1)

 

   Before Deducting Future Income Taxes Discounted At   After Deducting Future Income Taxes Discounted At 
(M$)  0%   5%   10%   15%   20%   0%   5%   10%   15%   20% 
Proved Developed Producing (2) (4) (5)                                                  
Australia   (109,586)   10,861    63,031    85,041    93,335    29,243    83,259    101,656    105,449    103,363 
Canada   2,694,735    2,024,162    1,632,778    1,375,039    1,192,465    2,694,735    2,024,162    1,632,778    1,375,039    1,192,465 
France   1,977,144    1,421,095    1,106,155    908,870    774,933    1,580,780    1,139,226    886,438    727,288    618,912 
Germany   253,903    244,742    212,413    184,815    163,319    253,903    244,742    212,413    184,815    163,319 
Hungary   5,139    5,052    4,958    4,861    4,764    5,139    5,052    4,958    4,861    4,764 
Ireland   485,088    452,190    415,558    381,680    352,090    485,088    452,190    415,558    381,680    352,090 
Netherlands   179,089    184,378    184,810    182,502    178,684    127,769    134,910    137,025    136,254    133,846 
United States   231,348    175,747    140,062    116,427    99,999    231,348    175,747    140,062    116,427    99,999 
Total Proved Developed Producing   5,716,860    4,518,227    3,759,765    3,239,235    2,859,589    5,408,005    4,259,288    3,530,888    3,031,813    2,668,758 
Proved Developed Non-Producing (2) (4) (6)                                                  
Australia   126,701    114,643    104,347    95,530    87,940    80,629    73,355    67,136    61,803    57,205 
Canada   396,540    232,682    161,723    122,868    98,447    396,540    232,682    161,723    122,868    98,447 
France   14,014    10,433    7,696    5,745    4,353    10,251    7,342    5,164    3,630    2,545 
Germany   54,365    42,699    31,802    23,711    17,969    31,093    30,003    24,477    19,274    15,166 
Hungary                                        
Ireland                                        
Netherlands   126,748    118,915    110,167    101,731    94,034    74,494    70,668    65,369    59,927    54,849 
United States                                        
Total Proved Developed Non-Producing   718,368    519,372    415,735    349,585    302,743    593,007    414,050    323,869    267,502    228,212 
Proved Undeveloped (2) (7)                                                  
Australia                                        
Canada   1,670,826    1,071,733    731,058    520,018    380,333    1,181,099    794,257    560,418    409,379    305,726 
France   249,616    185,758    141,008    109,420    86,532    182,439    130,733    95,339    70,792    53,289 
Germany   47,534    35,947    27,549    21,413    16,889    32,298    24,895    19,360    15,225    12,130 
Hungary                                        
Ireland                                        
Netherlands   13,015    9,953    7,586    5,780    4,401    8,808    6,168    4,156    2,651    1,532 
United States   414,769    245,233    157,651    107,119    75,427    379,311    228,652    149,288    102,635    72,899 
Total Proved Undeveloped   2,395,760    1,548,624    1,064,852    763,750    563,582    1,783,955    1,184,705    828,561    600,682    445,576 
Proved (2)                                                  
Australia   17,115    125,504    167,378    180,571    181,275    109,872    156,614    168,792    167,252    160,568 
Canada   4,762,101    3,328,577    2,525,559    2,017,925    1,671,245    4,272,374    3,051,101    2,354,919    1,907,286    1,596,638 
France   2,240,774    1,617,286    1,254,859    1,024,035    865,818    1,773,470    1,277,301    986,941    801,710    674,746 
Germany   355,802    323,388    271,764    229,939    198,177    317,294    299,640    256,250    219,314    190,615 
Hungary   5,139    5,052    4,958    4,861    4,764    5,139    5,052    4,958    4,861    4,764 
Ireland   485,088    452,190    415,558    381,680    352,090    485,088    452,190    415,558    381,680    352,090 
Netherlands   318,852    313,246    302,563    290,013    277,119    211,071    211,746    206,550    198,832    190,227 
United States   646,117    420,980    297,713    223,546    175,426    610,659    404,399    289,350    219,062    172,898 
Total Proved   8,830,988    6,586,223    5,240,352    4,352,570    3,725,914    7,784,967    5,858,043    4,683,318    3,899,997    3,342,546 
Probable (3)                                                  
Australia   177,097    166,788    141,578    117,490    97,745    107,160    97,381    80,581    65,404    53,312 
Canada   3,352,766    1,965,403    1,318,031    960,203    739,387    2,439,399    1,428,804    958,923    700,822    542,662 
France   1,307,482    733,655    477,702    339,516    255,292    961,077    527,612    334,148    230,483    167,951 
Germany   493,459    309,609    201,184    138,746    100,380    336,112    208,631    131,533    88,015    61,870 
Hungary   2,034    1,938    1,844    1,757    1,676    2,034    1,938    1,844    1,757    1,676 
Ireland   291,025    213,302    158,986    122,050    96,615    291,025    213,302    158,986    122,050    96,615 
Netherlands   364,483    292,074    241,201    203,211    174,039    233,493    179,879    143,735    117,500    97,858 
United States   1,232,905    671,458    419,216    286,138    207,425    974,062    531,802    333,922    229,769    168,157 
Total Probable   7,221,251    4,354,227    2,959,742    2,169,111    1,672,559    5,344,362    3,189,349    2,143,672    1,555,800    1,190,101 

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 20  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

   Before Deducting Future Income Taxes Discounted At   After Deducting Future Income Taxes Discounted At 
(M$)  0%   5%   10%   15%   20%   0%   5%   10%   15%   20% 
Proved Plus Probable (2) (3)                                                  
Australia   194,212    292,292    308,956    298,061    279,020    217,032    253,995    249,373    232,656    213,880 
Canada   8,114,867    5,293,980    3,843,590    2,978,128    2,410,632    6,711,773    4,479,905    3,313,842    2,608,108    2,139,300 
France   3,548,256    2,350,941    1,732,561    1,363,551    1,121,110    2,734,547    1,804,913    1,321,089    1,032,193    842,697 
Germany   849,261    632,997    472,948    368,685    298,557    653,406    508,271    387,783    307,329    252,485 
Hungary   7,173    6,990    6,802    6,618    6,440    7,173    6,990    6,802    6,618    6,440 
Ireland   776,113    665,492    574,544    503,730    448,705    776,113    665,492    574,544    503,730    448,705 
Netherlands   683,335    605,320    543,764    493,224    451,158    444,564    391,625    350,285    316,332    288,085 
United States   1,879,022    1,092,438    716,929    509,684    382,851    1,584,721    936,201    623,272    448,831    341,055 
Total Proved Plus Probable   16,052,239    10,940,450    8,200,094    6,521,681    5,398,473    13,129,329    9,047,392    6,826,990    5,455,797    4,532,647 

 

Notes:

(1)The pricing assumptions used in the GLJ Report with respect to net present value of future net revenue (forecast) as well as the inflation rates used for operating and capital costs are set forth below. See “Forecast Prices used in Estimates”. The NGL price is an aggregate of the individual natural gas liquids prices used in the Total Proved plus Probable evaluation. GLJ is an independent qualified reserves evaluator appointed pursuant to NI 51-101.
(2)"Proved" reserves are those reserves that can be estimated with a high degree of certainty to be recoverable. It is likely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will exceed the estimated proved reserves.
(3)"Probable" reserves are those additional reserves that are less certain to be recovered than proved reserves. It is equally likely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will be greater or less than the sum of the estimated proved plus probable reserves.
(4)"Developed" reserves are those reserves that are expected to be recovered from existing wells and installed facilities or, if facilities have not been installed, that would involve a low expenditure (e.g. when compared to the cost of drilling a well) to put the reserves on production.
(5)"Developed Producing" reserves are those reserves that are expected to be recovered from completion intervals open at the time of the estimate. These reserves may be currently producing or, if shut-in, they must have previously been on production, and the date of resumption of production must be known with reasonable certainty.
(6)"Developed Non-Producing" reserves are those reserves that either have not been on production, or have previously been on production, but are shut in, and the date of resumption of production is unknown.
(7)"Undeveloped" reserves are those reserves expected to be recovered from known accumulations where a significant expenditure (for example, when compared to the cost of drilling a well) is required to render them capable of production. They must fully meet the requirements of the reserves classification (proved, probable, possible) to which they are assigned.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 21  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Total future net revenue (undiscounted) - Based on forecast prices and costs (1)

 

 

(M$)

  Revenue   Royalties   Operating
Costs
   Capital
Development
Costs
   Abandonment
and
Reclamation
Costs
   Future Net
Revenue
Before
Income Taxes
   Future
Income Taxes
   Future Net
Revenue
After
Income Taxes
 
Proved (2)                                        
Australia   932,986        637,735    45,715    232,422    17,114    (92,757)   109,871 
Canada   10,920,607    1,555,228    3,216,466    1,073,070    313,742    4,762,101    489,727    4,272,374 
France   4,175,553    390,333    1,174,328    157,216    212,901    2,240,775    467,303    1,773,472 
Germany   905,663    68,514    299,677    26,662    155,009    355,801    38,507    317,294 
Hungary   8,538    1,708    1,458        234    5,138        5,138 
Ireland   736,043        167,945    20,236    62,775    485,087        485,087 
Netherlands   713,007    4,366    234,628    34,261    120,900    318,852    107,779    211,073 
United States   1,697,784    460,566    372,196    196,412    22,494    646,116    35,458    610,658 
Total Proved   20,090,181    2,480,715    6,104,433    1,553,572    1,120,477    8,830,984    1,046,017    7,784,967 
Proved Plus Probable (2) (3)                                        
Australia   1,435,300        882,937    109,033    249,118    194,212    (22,820)   217,032 
Canada   17,480,753    2,486,902    4,944,114    1,556,839    378,031    8,114,867    1,403,094    6,711,773 
France   6,410,853    604,900    1,667,771    329,026    260,901    3,548,255    813,709    2,734,546 
Germany   1,821,205    148,845    501,157    115,171    206,772    849,260    195,854    653,406 
Hungary   12,223    2,445    2,362        244    7,172        7,172 
Ireland   1,157,656        270,779    41,456    69,308    776,113        776,113 
Netherlands   1,321,585    32,878    386,816    79,502    139,055    683,334    238,769    444,565 
United States   4,242,199    1,139,208    748,219    441,298    34,453    1,879,021    294,301    1,584,720 
Total Proved Plus Probable   33,881,774    4,415,178    9,404,155    2,672,325    1,337,882    16,052,234    2,922,907    13,129,327 

 

Notes:

(1)The pricing assumptions used in the GLJ Report with respect to net present value of future net revenue (forecast) as well as the inflation rates used for operating and capital costs are set forth below. See “Forecast Prices used in Estimates”. The NGL price is an aggregate of the individual natural gas liquids prices used in the Total Proved plus Probable evaluation. GLJ is an independent qualified reserves evaluator appointed pursuant to NI 51-101.
(2)"Proved" reserves are those reserves that can be estimated with a high degree of certainty to be recoverable. It is likely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will exceed the estimated proved reserves.
(3)"Probable" reserves are those additional reserves that are less certain to be recovered than proved reserves. It is equally likely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will be greater or less than the sum of the estimated proved plus probable reserves.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 22  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Future net revenue by product type - Based on forecast prices and costs (1)

 

   Future Net Revenue
Before Income Taxes (2)
(Discounted at 10% Per Year)
($M)
   Unit Value ($/boe) 
Proved Developed Producing          
Light Crude Oil & Medium Crude Oil (3)   2,670,068    24.93 
Heavy Oil (3)   534    17.21 
Conventional Natural Gas (4)   1,089,855    16.25 
Shale Gas   595    3.28 
Coal Bed Methane   (1,288)   (13.15)
Total Proved Developed Producing   3,759,764    21.54 
Proved Developed Non-Producing          
Light Crude Oil & Medium Crude Oil (3)   259,974    30.17 
Heavy Oil (3)        
Conventional Natural Gas (4)   155,725    23.01 
Shale Gas        
Coal Bed Methane   35    0.30 
Total Proved Developed Non-Producing   415,734    26.82 
Proved Undeveloped          
Light Crude Oil & Medium Crude Oil (3)   874,455    15.77 
Heavy Oil (3)   442    4.14 
Conventional Natural Gas (4)   189,956    8.47 
Shale Gas        
Coal Bed Methane        
Total Proved Undeveloped   1,064,853    13.64 
Proved          
Light Crude Oil & Medium Crude Oil (3)   3,800,594    22.20 
Heavy Oil (3)   965    7.02 
Conventional Natural Gas (4)   1,439,468    14.94 
Shale Gas   607    3.34 
Coal Bed Methane   (1,281)   (4.64)
Total Proved   5,240,353    19.55 
Probable          
Light Crude Oil & Medium Crude Oil (3)   2,114,294    20.44 
Heavy Oil (3)   1,618    14.19 
Conventional Natural Gas (4)   841,663    13.00 
Shale Gas   227    5.25 
Coal Bed Methane   1,940    4.37 
Total Probable   2,959,742    17.53 
Proved Plus Probable          
Light Crude Oil & Medium Crude Oil (3)   5,916,129    21.54 
Heavy Oil (3)   2,542    10.11 
Conventional Natural Gas (4)   2,280,029    14.15 
Shale Gas   838    3.73 
Coal Bed Methane   556    0.77 
Total Proved Plus Probable   8,200,094    18.77 

 

Notes:

(1)The pricing assumptions used in the GLJ Report with respect to net present value of future net revenue (forecast) as well as the inflation rates used for operating and capital costs are set forth below. See “Forecast Prices used in Estimates”. The NGL price is an aggregate of the individual natural gas liquids prices used in the Total Proved plus Probable evaluation. GLJ is an independent qualified reserves evaluator appointed pursuant to NI 51-101.
(2)Other Company revenue and costs not related to a specific product type have been allocated proportionately to the specified product types. Unit values are based on Company net reserves. Net present value of reserves categories are an approximation based on major products.
(3)Including solution gas and other by-products.
(4)Including by-products but excluding solution gas.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 23  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Forecast prices used in estimates (1)(2)

 

 

Year

  WTI
Cushing
Oklahoma
($US/bbl)
   Edmonton
Par Price
40˚ API
($Cdn/bbl)
   Cromer
Medium
29.3˚ API
($Cdn/bbl)
   Brent Blend
FOB
North Sea
($US/bbl)
   AECO
Gas Price
($Cdn/MMBtu)
   UK National
Balancing
Point
($US/MMBtu)
   FOB
Field Gate
($Cdn/bbl)
   Inflation Rate
Percent Per
Year
   US/CAD
Exchange
Rate
   CAD/EUR
Exchange
Rate
 
2018   64.74    70.92    71.25    71.55    1.33    7.87    46.70    2.20%   0.77    1.53 
Forecast                                                  
2019   56.25    63.33    58.90    63.25    1.85    8.10    30.04    2.00%   0.75    1.52 
2020   63.00    75.32    70.05    68.50    2.29    7.90    39.12    2.00%   0.77    1.49 
2021   67.00    79.75    74.16    71.25    2.67    7.75    44.15    2.00%   0.79    1.46 
2022   70.00    81.48    75.78    73.00    2.90    7.60    47.73    2.00%   0.81    1.42 
2023   72.50    83.54    77.69    75.50    3.14    7.60    49.54    2.00%   0.82    1.40 
2024   75.00    86.06    80.04    78.00    3.23    7.60    51.00    2.00%   0.83    1.39 
2025   77.50    89.09    82.85    80.50    3.34    7.60    52.76    2.00%   0.83    1.39 
2026   80.41    92.62    86.13    83.41    3.41    7.75    54.76    2.00%   0.83    1.39 
2027   82.02    94.57    87.95    85.02    3.48    7.90    55.89    2.00%   0.83    1.39 
2028   83.66    96.56    89.80    86.66    3.54    7.90    57.04    2.00%   0.83    1.39 
Thereafter   +2.0%/yr    +2.0%/yr    +2.0%/yr    +2.0%/yr    +2.0%/yr    +2.0%/yr    +2.0%/yr    +2.0%/yr    0.83    1.39 

 

Note:

(1)The pricing assumptions used in the GLJ Report with respect to net present value of future net revenue (forecast) as well as the inflation rates used for operating and capital costs are set forth above. The pricing assumptions above were provided by GLJ, an independent qualified reserves evaluator appointed pursuant to NI 51-101.
(2)For light oil and medium crude oil, the pricing assumptions used are WTI, Edmonton Par Price, Cromer Medium, and Brent Blend. For conventional natural gas in Canada, the pricing assumptions used are AECO and for conventional natural gas in Europe, the pricing assumptions used are National Balancing Point. The NGL price is an aggregate of the individual natural gas liquids prices used in the Total Proved plus Probable evaluation.

 

For 2018, average realized prices before hedging were:

 

Country 

Crude oil

($/bbl)

  

NGLs

($/bbl)

   Natural gas
($/mcf)
 
Australia   95.11         
Canada   69.39    44.65    1.54 
France   89.68        1.74 
Germany   84.14        8.70 
Hungary           9.79 
Ireland           10.19 
Netherlands       74.85    9.71 
United States   79.40    28.43    2.67 

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 24  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Reconciliations of changes in reserves

 

The following tables set forth a reconciliation of the changes in Vermilion's gross light crude oil and medium crude oil, heavy oil, tight oil, conventional natural gas, coal bed methane, shale gas and NGLs reserves as at December 31, 2018 compared to such reserves as at December 31, 2017 based on the forecast price and cost assumptions set forth in note 3.

 

Reconciliation of Company Gross Reserves by Principal Product Type - Based on Forecast Prices and Costs (3)

  

Australia

  Total Oil (4)   Light & Medium Crude Oil   Heavy Oil   Tight Oil 
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2)  Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P 
Factors  (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl) 
At December 31, 2017   10,915    4,650    15,565    10,915    4,650    15,565                         
Discoveries                                                
Extensions & Improved Recovery                                                
Technical Revisions   393    162    555    393    162    555                         
Acquisitions                                                
Dispositions                                                
Economic Factors                                                
Production   (1,640)       (1,640)   (1,640)       (1,640)                        
At December 31, 2018   9,668    4,812    14,480    9,668    4,812    14,480                         
                                                             
Australia  Total Gas (4)   Conventional Natural Gas   Coal Bed Methane   Shale Gas 
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2)  Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P 
Factors  (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf) 
At December 31, 2017                                                
Discoveries                                                
Extensions & Improved Recovery                                                
Technical Revisions                                                
Acquisitions                                                
Dispositions                                                
Economic Factors                                                
Production                                                
At December 31, 2018                                                
                                                             
Australia  Natural Gas Liquids   BOE                         
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2)  Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P                         
Factors  (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mboe)   (Mboe)   (Mboe)                         
At December 31, 2017               10,915    4,650    15,565                         
Discoveries                                                      
Extensions & Improved Recovery                                                      
Technical Revisions               393    162    555                               
Acquisitions                                                      
Dispositions                                                      
Economic Factors                                                      
Production               (1,640)       (1,640)                              
At December 31, 2018               9,668    4,812    14,480                               

  

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 25  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

  

Canada  Total Oil (4)   Light & Medium Crude Oil   Heavy Oil   Tight Oil 
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2)  Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P 
Factors  (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl) 
At December 31, 2017   19,660    12,885    32,545    19,660    12,885    32,545                         
Discoveries                                                
Extensions & Improved Recovery   14,762    3,554    18,316    14,686    3,582    18,268    76    (28)   48             
Technical Revisions   954    (3,378)   (2,424)   946    (3,371)   (2,425)   8    (7)   1             
Acquisitions   65,976    33,138    99,114    65,946    33,020    98,966    30    118    148             
Dispositions                                                
Economic Factors   (337)   263    (74)   (337)   263    (74)                        
Production   (6,351)       (6,351)   (6,337)       (6,337)   (14)       (14)            
At December 31, 2018   94,664    46,462    141,126    94,564    46,379    140,943    100    83    183             
                                                             
Canada  Total Gas (4)   Conventional Natural Gas   Coal Bed Methane   Shale Gas 
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2)  Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P 
Factors  (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf) 
At December 31, 2017   248,148    184,322    432,470    240,296    181,055    421,351    6,713    3,053    9,766    1,139    214    1,353 
Discoveries                                                
Extensions & Improved Recovery   56,608    6,215    62,823    56,608    6,215    62,823                         
Technical Revisions   13,722    (6,387)   7,335    15,559    (5,445)   10,114    (1,626)   (937)   (2,563)   (211)   (5)   (216)
Acquisitions   54,983    29,877    84,860    54,983    29,877    84,860                         
Dispositions   (799)   (558)   (1,357)   (15)   (37)   (52)   (784)   (521)   (1,305)            
Economic Factors   (4,368)   1,620    (2,748)   (1,872)   355    (1,517)   (2,475)   1,261    (1,214)   (21)   4    (17)
Production   (47,218)       (47,218)   (47,218)       (47,218)                        
At December 31, 2018   321,076    215,089    536,165    318,341    212,020    530,361    1,828    2,856    4,684    907    213    1,120 
                                                             
Canada  Natural Gas Liquids   BOE                         
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2)  Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P                         
Factors  (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mboe)   (Mboe)   (Mboe)                         
At December 31, 2017   20,304    14,282    34,586    81,322    57,887    139,209                         
Discoveries                                                      
Extensions & Improved Recovery   7,092    1,145    8,237    31,289    5,735    37,024                               
Technical Revisions   4,119    2,655    6,774    7,360    (1,788)   5,572                               
Acquisitions   5,597    2,409    8,006    80,737    40,527    121,264                               
Dispositions       (1)   (1)   (133)   (94)   (227)                              
Economic Factors   (96)   13    (83)   (1,161)   546    (615)                              
Production   (3,529)       (3,529)   (17,750)       (17,750)                              
At December 31, 2018   33,487    20,503    53,990    181,664    102,813    284,477                               

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 26  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

France  Total Oil (4)   Light & Medium Crude Oil   Heavy Oil   Tight Oil 
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2)  Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P 
Factors  (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl) 
At December 31, 2017   40,647    21,786    62,433    40,647    21,786    62,433                         
Discoveries                                                
Extensions & Improved Recovery   2,249    (315)   1,934    2,249    (315)   1,934                         
Technical Revisions   3,558    (411)   3,147    3,558    (411)   3,147                         
Acquisitions                                                
Dispositions                                                
Economic Factors   40    (706)   (666)   40    (706)   (666)                        
Production   (4,114)       (4,114)   (4,114)       (4,114)                        
At December 31, 2018   42,380    20,354    62,734    42,380    20,354    62,734                         
                                                             
France  Total Gas (4)   Conventional Natural Gas   Coal Bed Methane   Shale Gas 
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2)  Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P 
Factors  (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf) 
At December 31, 2017   8,683    1,854    10,537    8,683    1,854    10,537                         
Discoveries                                                
Extensions & Improved Recovery                                                
Technical Revisions   (1,884)   (719)   (2,603)   (1,884)   (719)   (2,603)                        
Acquisitions                                                
Dispositions                                                
Economic Factors   (2)   (554)   (556)   (2)   (554)   (556)                        
Production   (275)       (275)   (275)       (275)                        
At December 31, 2018   6,522    581    7,103    6,522    581    7,103                         
                                                             
France  Natural Gas Liquids   BOE                         
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2)  Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P                         
Factors  (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mboe)   (Mboe)   (Mboe)                         
At December 31, 2017               42,094    22,095    64,189                         
Discoveries                                                      
Extensions & Improved Recovery               2,249    (315)   1,934                               
Technical Revisions               3,244    (531)   2,713                               
Acquisitions                                                      
Dispositions                                                      
Economic Factors               40    (798)   (758)                              
Production               (4,160)       (4,160)                              
At December 31, 2018               43,467    20,451    63,918                               

  

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Germany  Total Oil (4)   Light & Medium Crude Oil   Heavy Oil   Tight Oil 
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2)  Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P 
Factors  (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl) 
At December 31, 2017   5,788    3,000    8,788    5,788    3,000    8,788                         
Discoveries                                                
Extensions & Improved Recovery   520    1,121    1,641    520    1,121    1,641                         
Technical Revisions   (126)   (277)   (403)   (126)   (277)   (403)                        
Acquisitions                                                
Dispositions                                                
Economic Factors   9    (3)   6    9    (3)   6                         
Production   (455)       (455)   (455)       (455)                        
At December 31, 2018   5,736    3,841    9,577    5,736    3,841    9,577                         
                                                             
Germany  Total Gas (4)   Conventional Natural Gas   Coal Bed Methane   Shale Gas 
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2)  Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P 
Factors  (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf) 
At December 31, 2017   41,110    53,134    94,244    41,110    53,134    94,244                         
Discoveries                                                
Extensions & Improved Recovery   918    2,185    3,103    918    2,185    3,103                         
Technical Revisions   6,628    (1,851)   4,777    6,628    (1,851)   4,777                         
Acquisitions                                                
Dispositions                                                
Economic Factors   48    (53)   (5)   48    (53)   (5)                        
Production   (5,185)       (5,185)   (5,185)       (5,185)                        
At December 31, 2018   43,519    53,415    96,934    43,519    53,415    96,934                         
                                                             
Germany  Natural Gas Liquids   BOE                         
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2)  Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P                         
Factors  (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mboe)   (Mboe)   (Mboe)                         
At December 31, 2017               12,640    11,856    24,496                         
Discoveries                                                      
Extensions & Improved Recovery               673    1,485    2,158                               
Technical Revisions               979    (586)   393                               
Acquisitions                                                      
Dispositions                                                      
Economic Factors               17    (12)   5                               
Production               (1,319)       (1,319)                              
At December 31, 2018               12,990    12,743    25,733                               

  

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Hungary  Total Oil (4)   Light & Medium Crude Oil   Heavy Oil   Tight Oil 
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2)  Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P 
Factors  (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl) 
At December 31, 2017                                                
Discoveries                                                
Extensions & Improved Recovery                                                
Technical Revisions                                                
Acquisitions                                                
Dispositions                                                
Economic Factors                                                
Production                                                
At December 31, 2018                                                
                                                             
Hungary  Total Gas (4)   Conventional Natural Gas   Coal Bed Methane   Shale Gas 
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2)  Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P 
Factors  (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf) 
At December 31, 2017                                                
Discoveries   1,158    356    1,514    1,158    356    1,514                         
Extensions & Improved Recovery                                                
Technical Revisions                                                
Acquisitions                                                
Dispositions                                                
Economic Factors                                                
Production   (371)       (371)   (371)       (371)                        
At December 31, 2018   787    356    1,143    787    356    1,143                         
                                                             
Hungary  Natural Gas Liquids   BOE                         
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2)  Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P                         
Factors  (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mboe)   (Mboe)   (Mboe)                         
At December 31, 2017                                                
Discoveries               193    59    252                               
Extensions & Improved Recovery                                                      
Technical Revisions                                                      
Acquisitions                                                      
Dispositions                                                      
Economic Factors                                                      
Production               (62)       (62)                              
At December 31, 2018               131    59    190                               

  

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Ireland  Total Oil (4)   Light & Medium Crude Oil   Heavy Oil   Tight Oil 
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2)  Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P 
Factors  (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl) 
At December 31, 2017                                                
Discoveries                                                
Extensions & Improved Recovery                                                
Technical Revisions                                                
Acquisitions                                                
Dispositions                                                
Economic Factors                                                
Production                                                
At December 31, 2018                                                
                                                             
Ireland  Total Gas (4)   Conventional Natural Gas   Coal Bed Methane   Shale Gas 
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2)  Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P 
Factors  (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf) 
At December 31, 2017   81,803    51,389    133,192    81,803    51,389    133,192                         
Discoveries                                                
Extensions & Improved Recovery                                                
Technical Revisions   9,447    (10,967)   (1,520)   9,447    (10,967)   (1,520)                        
Acquisitions   7,448    4,468    11,916    7,448    4,468    11,916                         
Dispositions                                                
Economic Factors                                                
Production   (20,138)       (20,138)   (20,138)       (20,138)                        
At December 31, 2018   78,560    44,890    123,450    78,560    44,890    123,450                         
                                                             
Ireland  Natural Gas Liquids   BOE                         
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2)  Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P                         
Factors  (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mboe)   (Mboe)   (Mboe)                         
At December 31, 2017               13,634    8,565    22,199                         
Discoveries                                                      
Extensions & Improved Recovery                                                      
Technical Revisions               1,575    (1,828)   (253)                              
Acquisitions               1,241    745    1,986                               
Dispositions                                                      
Economic Factors                                                      
Production               (3,356)       (3,356)                              
At December 31, 2018               13,094    7,482    20,576                               

 

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Netherlands  Total Oil (4)   Light & Medium Crude Oil   Heavy Oil   Tight Oil 
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2)  Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P 
Factors  (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl) 
At December 31, 2017                                                
Discoveries                                                
Extensions & Improved Recovery                                                
Technical Revisions                                                  
Acquisitions                                                
Dispositions                                                
Economic Factors                                                
Production                                                
At December 31, 2018                                                
                                                             
Netherlands  Total Gas (4)   Conventional Natural Gas   Coal Bed Methane   Shale Gas 
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2)  Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P 
Factors  (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf) 
At December 31, 2017   60,926    44,380    105,306    60,926    44,380    105,306                         
Discoveries                                                
Extensions & Improved Recovery   1,533    11,604    13,137    1,533    11,604    13,137                         
Technical Revisions   1,199    (1,129)   70    1,199    (1,129)   70                         
Acquisitions   22,781    6,731    29,512    22,781    6,731    29,512                         
Dispositions                                                
Economic Factors   (26)   (59)   (85)   (26)   (59)   (85)                        
Production   (16,706)       (16,706)   (16,706)       (16,706)                        
At December 31, 2018   69,707    61,527    131,234    69,707    61,527    131,234                         
                                                             
Netherlands  Natural Gas Liquids   BOE                         
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2)  Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P                         
Factors  (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mboe)   (Mboe)   (Mboe)                         
At December 31, 2017   193    119    312    10,347    7,516    17,863                         
Discoveries                                                      
Extensions & Improved Recovery       11    11    256    1,945    2,201                               
Technical Revisions   6    (2)   4    206    (190)   16                               
Acquisitions   41    13    54    3,838    1,135    4,973                               
Dispositions                                                      
Economic Factors               (4)   (10)   (14)                              
Production   (55)       (55)   (2,839)       (2,839)                              
At December 31, 2018   185    141    326    11,804    10,396    22,200                               

  

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United States  Total Oil (4)   Light & Medium Crude Oil   Heavy Oil   Tight Oil 
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2)  Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P 
Factors  (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl) 
At December 31, 2017   4,282    7,073    11,355    4,282    7,073    11,355                         
Discoveries                                                
Extensions & Improved Recovery   1,071    3,486    4,557    1,071    3,486    4,557                         
Technical Revisions   312    1,362    1,674    312    1,362    1,674                         
Acquisitions   7,713    8,302    16,015    7,713    8,302    16,015                         
Dispositions                                                
Economic Factors                                                
Production   (390)       (390)   (390)       (390)                        
At December 31, 2018   12,988    20,223    33,211    12,988    20,223    33,211                         
                                                             
United States  Total Gas (4)   Conventional Natural Gas   Coal Bed Methane (5)   Shale Gas (5) 
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2)  Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P 
Factors  (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf) 
At December 31, 2017   4,380    7,520    11,900    4,380    7,520    11,900                         
Discoveries                                                
Extensions & Improved Recovery   1,018    5,155    6,173    1,018    5,155    6,173                         
Technical Revisions   (522)   1,048    526    (522)   1,048    526                         
Acquisitions   40,842    25,958    66,800    40,842    25,958    66,800                         
Dispositions                                                
Economic Factors                                                
Production   (1,013)       (1,013)   (1,013)       (1,013)                        
At December 31, 2018   44,705    39,681    84,386    44,705    39,681    84,386                         
                                                             
United States  Natural Gas Liquids   BOE                         
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2)  Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P                         
Factors  (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mboe)   (Mboe)   (Mboe)                         
At December 31, 2017   601    1,030    1,631    5,613    9,356    14,969                         
Discoveries                                                      
Extensions & Improved Recovery   118    561    679    1,359    4,906    6,265                               
Technical Revisions   73    45    118    298    1,582    1,880                               
Acquisitions   4,084    2,596    6,680    18,604    15,224    33,828                               
Dispositions                                                      
Economic Factors   (1)   (1)   (2)   (1)   (1)   (2)                              
Production   (168)       (168)   (727)       (727)                              
At December 31, 2018   4,707    4,231    8,938    25,146    31,067    56,213                               

 

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Total Company  Total Oil (4)   Light Crude Oil &
Medium Crude Oil
   Heavy Oil   Tight Oil 
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2)  Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P 
Factors  (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl) 
At December 31, 2017   81,292    49,394    130,686    81,292    49,394    130,686                         
Discoveries                                                
Extensions & Improved Recovery   18,602    7,846    26,448    18,526    7,874    26,400    76    (28)   48             
Technical Revisions   5,091    (2,542)   2,549    5,083    (2,535)   2,548    8    (7)   1             
Acquisitions   73,689    41,440    115,129    73,659    41,322    114,981    30    118    148             
Dispositions                                                
Economic Factors   (288)   (446)   (734)   (288)   (446)   (734)                        
Production   (12,950)       (12,950)   (12,936)       (12,936)   (14)       (14)            
At December 31, 2018   165,436    95,692    261,128    165,336    95,609    260,945    100    83    183             
                                                             
Total Company  Total Gas (4)   Conventional Natural Gas   Coal Bed Methane (5)   Shale Gas (5) 
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2)  Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P 
Factors  (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf) 
At December 31, 2017   445,050    342,599    787,649    437,198    339,332    776,530    6,713    3,053    9,766    1,139    214    1,353 
Discoveries   1,158    356    1,514    1,158    356    1,514                         
Extensions & Improved Recovery   60,077    25,159    85,236    60,077    25,159    85,236                         
Technical Revisions   28,590    (20,005)   8,585    30,427    (19,063)   11,364    (1,626)   (937)   (2,563)   (211)   (5)   (216)
Acquisitions   126,054    67,034    193,088    126,054    67,034    193,088                         
Dispositions   (799)   (558)   (1,357)   (15)   (37)   (52)   (784)   (521)   (1,305)            
Economic Factors   (4,348)   954    (3,394)   (1,852)   (311)   (2,163)   (2,475)   1,261    (1,214)   (21)   4    (17)
Production   (90,906)       (90,906)   (90,906)       (90,906)                        
At December 31, 2018   564,876    415,539    980,415    562,141    412,470    974,611    1,828    2,856    4,684    907    213    1,120 
                                                             
Total Company  Natural Gas Liquids   BOE                         
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2)  Proved   Probable   P+P   Proved   Probable   P+P                         
Factors  (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mboe)   (Mboe)   (Mboe)                         
At December 31, 2017   21,098    15,431    36,529    176,565    121,925    298,490                         
Discoveries               193    59    252                               
Extensions & Improved Recovery   7,210    1,717    8,927    35,826    13,756    49,582                               
Technical Revisions   4,198    2,698    6,896    14,055    (3,179)   10,876                               
Acquisitions   9,722    5,018    14,740    104,420    57,631    162,051                               
Dispositions       (1)   (1)   (133)   (94)   (227)                              
Economic Factors   (97)   12    (85)   (1,109)   (275)   (1,384)                              
Production   (3,752)       (3,752)   (31,853)       (31,853)                              
At December 31, 2018   38,379    24,875    63,254    297,964    189,823    487,787                               

 

Notes:

(1)"Proved" reserves are those reserves that can be estimated with a high degree of certainty to be recoverable. It is likely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will exceed the estimated proved reserves.
(2)"Probable" reserves are those additional reserves that are less certain to be recovered than proved reserves. It is equally likely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will be greater or less than the sum of the estimated proved plus probable reserves.
(3)The pricing assumptions used in the GLJ Report with respect to net present value of future net revenue (forecast) as well as the inflation rates used for operating and capital costs are set forth above. See “Forecast Prices used in Estimates”. The NGL price is an aggregate of the individual natural gas liquids prices used in the Total Proved plus Probable evaluation. GLJ is an independent qualified reserves evaluator appointed pursuant to NI 51-101.
(4)For reporting purposes, “Total Oil” is the sum of Light and Medium Crude Oil, Heavy Oil and Tight Oil. For reporting purposes, “Total Gas” is the sum of Conventional Natural Gas, Coal Bed Methane and Shale Gas.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 33  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

 

Undeveloped reserves

 

Proved undeveloped reserves are those reserves expected to be recovered from known accumulations where a significant expenditure (for example, when compared to the cost of drilling a well) is required to render them capable of production. These reserves have a 90% probability of being recovered. Vermilion's current plan is to develop these reserves in the following three years. The pace of development of these reserves is influenced by many factors, including but not limited to, the outcomes of yearly drilling and reservoir evaluations, changes in commodity pricing, changes in capital allocations, changing technical conditions, regulatory changes and impact of future acquisitions and dispositions. As new information becomes available these reserves are reviewed and development plans are revised accordingly.

 

Probable undeveloped reserves are those reserves expected to be recovered from known accumulations where a significant expenditure (for example, when compared to the cost of drilling a well) is required to render them capable of production. These reserves have a 50% probability of being recovered. Vermilion's current plan is to develop these reserves over the next five years. In general, development of these reserves requires additional evaluation data to increase the probability of success to a level that favourably ranks the project against other projects in Vermilion's inventory. This increases the timeline for the development of these reserves. This timetable may be altered depending on outside market forces, changes in capital allocations and impact of future acquisitions and dispositions.

 

Timing of initial undeveloped reserves assignment

 

Undeveloped Reserves Attributed in Current Year

 

   Light Crude Oil & Medium
Crude Oil
   Conventional Natural Gas   Coal Bed Methane   Natural Gas Liquids   Total Oil Equivalent 
   First
Attributed (1)
   Booked
(Mbbl)
   First
Attributed (1)
   Booked
(MMcf)
   First
Attributed (1)
   Booked
(MMcf)
   First
Attributed (1)
   Booked
(Mbbl)
   First
Attributed (1)
   Booked
(Mboe)
 
Proved                                                  
Prior to 2015   21,277    52,218    88,529    682,707    13,134    59,347    6,557    15,221    44,778    191,115 
2015   4,182    15,989    30,963    78,022    333    3,367    2,500    7,287    11,898    36,841 
2016   1,411    16,140    25,023    90,934        3,043    1,737    7,546    7,319    39,349 
2017   2,221    16,816    36,709    99,458        2,023    3,988    9,133    12,327    42,863 
2018   12,910    50,334    39,940    133,931        453    5,649    16,265    25,255    89,074 
Probable                                                  
Prior to 2015   30,431    85,534    142,717    440,052    7,773    35,993    8,486    17,399    63,999    182,274 
2015   6,118    25,126    50,125    122,802    57    2,949    5,708    10,965    20,190    57,050 
2016   4,918    27,863    66,129    167,973        3,328    1,611    10,506    17,551    66,919 
2017   4,336    28,646    38,537    197,647        1,055    2,802    11,455    13,561    73,218 
2018   12,521    57,802    49,186    247,148        78    5,556    18,176    26,336    117,254 

 

Note:

(1) “First Attributed” refers to reserves first attributed at year-end of the corresponding fiscal year

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 34  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Future development costs

 

The table below sets out the future development costs deducted in the estimation of future net revenue attributable to total proved reserves and total proved plus probable reserves (using forecast prices and costs).

 

Vermilion expects to source its capital expenditure requirements from internally generated cash flow and, as appropriate, from Vermilion’s existing credit facility or equity or debt financing. It is anticipated that costs of funding the future development costs will not impact development of its properties or Vermilion’s reserves or future net revenue.

 

(M$)  Total Proved
Estimated Using Forecast Prices and Costs (1)
   Total Proved Plus Probable
Estimated Using Forecast Prices and Costs (1)
 
Australia          
2019   3,120    3,120 
2020   19,883    19,883 
2021   3,161    55,839 
2022   3,144    3,144 
2023   3,168    3,168 
Remainder   13,239    23,879 
Australia total for all years undiscounted   45,715    109,033 
Canada          
2019   310,695    343,959 
2020   274,313    328,022 
2021   238,743    375,576 
2022   92,072    250,534 
2023   37,357    84,672 
Remainder   119,890    174,076 
Canada total for all years undiscounted   1,073,070    1,556,839 
France          
2019   41,703    67,311 
2020   40,105    65,370 
2021   19,897    75,939 
2022   33,256    50,244 
2023   9,179    42,773 
Remainder   13,076    27,389 
France total for all years undiscounted   157,216    329,026 
Germany          
2019   5,453    5,909 
2020   4,416    7,379 
2021   10,002    28,247 
2022   4,692    24,881 
2023   1,035    44,254 
Remainder   1,064    4,501 
Germany total for all years undiscounted   26,662    115,171 
Hungary          
2019        
2020        
2021        
2022        
2023        
Remainder        
Total for all years undiscounted        

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 35  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

(M$) 

Total Proved

Estimated Using Forecast Prices and Costs

  

Total Proved Plus Probable

Estimated Using Forecast Prices and Costs

 
Ireland          
2019   2,053    2,053 
2020       21,221 
2021        
2022        
2023        
Remainder   18,183    18,182 
Ireland total for all years undiscounted   20,236    41,456 
Netherlands          
2019   3,511    3,511 
2020   10,277    25,681 
2021   13,911    18,775 
2022   324    15,506 
2023   326    10,118 
Remainder   5,912    5,911 
Netherlands total for all years undiscounted   34,261    79,502 
United States          
2019   19,813    46,453 
2020   67,592    67,592 
2021   74,914    78,335 
2022   25,757    129,770 
2023   8,336    119,148 
Remainder        
United States total for all years undiscounted   196,412    441,298 
Total Company          
2019   386,348    472,316 
2020   416,586    535,148 
2021   360,628    632,711 
2022   159,245    474,079 
2023   59,401    304,133 
Remainder   171,364    253,938 
Total for all years undiscounted   1,553,572    2,672,325 

 

Note:

(1)The pricing assumptions used in the GLJ Report with respect to net present value of future net revenue (forecast) as well as the inflation rates used for operating and capital costs are detailed in “Forecast Prices used in Estimates”.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 36  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Oil and gas properties and wells

 

The following table sets forth the number of wells (based on wellbores) in which Vermilion held a working interest as at December 31, 2018:

 

   Oil   Gas 
   Producing   Non-Producing (4)   Producing   Non-Producing (4) 
   Gross Wells (2)   Net Wells (3)   Gross Wells (2)   Net Wells (3)   Gross Wells (2)   Net Wells (3)   Gross Wells (2)   Net Wells (3) 
Canada                                        
Alberta   489    353    167    103    554    397    362    248 
Saskatchewan   4,783    2,994    1,758    1,149            20    20 
Total Canada   5,272    3,346    1,925    1,253    554    397    382    268 
Australia (1)   17    17    1    1                 
France   344    337    89    88    1    1    2    2 
Germany   133    105    40    34    21    8    4    1 
Hungary                   1    1         
Ireland (1)                   6    1         
Netherlands                   114    103    49    41 
United States (Wyoming)   127    118    56    53                 
Total Vermilion   5,893    3,923    2,111    1,429    697    512    437    312 

 

Notes:

(1)Wells for Australia and Ireland are located offshore.
(2)"Gross" refers to the total wells in which Vermilion has an interest, directly or indirectly.
(3)"Net" refers to the total wells in which Vermilion has an interest, directly or indirectly, multiplied by the percentage working interest owned by Vermilion, directly or indirectly, therein.
(4)Non-producing wells include wells which are capable of producing, but which are currently not producing, and are re-evaluated with respect to future commodity prices, proximity to facility infrastructure, design of future exploration and development programs and access to capital.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 37  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Costs incurred

 

The following table summarizes the capital expenditures made by Vermilion on oil and gas properties for the year ended December 31, 2018:

 

(M$) 

Acquisition Costs
for Proved

Properties

  

Acquisition Costs
for Unproved

Properties

  

Exploration

Costs

  

Development

Costs

  

Total

Costs

 
Australia               75,638    75,638 
Canada   1,573,964            277,857    1,851,821 
Croatia           4,850        4,850 
France           307    79,451    79,758 
Germany       1,665    4,943    10,863    17,471 
Hungary   (285)       4,752    1,009    5,476 
Ireland   (5,572)           224    (5,348)
Netherlands   (2,087)       (480)   17,963    15,396 
United States   191,740            40,837    232,577 
Total   1,757,760    1,665    14,372    503,842    2,277,639 

 

Acreage

 

The following table summarizes the acreage for the year ended December 31, 2018:

 

   Gross (2)  

Developed (1)

Net (3)

   Gross (2)  

Undeveloped

Net (3)

  

Total

Gross (2)(4)

  

Total

Net (3)(4)

 
Australia   20,164    20,164    39,389    39,389    59,552    59,552 
Canada   813,605    632,930    518,746    455,584    1,332,352    1,088,514 
Croatia           2,350,000    2,350,000    2,350,000    2,350,000 
France   258,125    248,873    274,007    251,779    532,132    500,652 
Germany   88,603    32,662    2,815,369    1,149,410    2,903,972    1,182,072 
Hungary   160    160    652,657    652,657    652,817    652,817 
Ireland   7,200    1,440            7,200    1,440 
Netherlands   172,752    54,538    1,689,755    785,257    1,862,507    839,795 
Slovakia           485,591    242,796    485,591    242,796 
United States   48,145    42,852    116,944    105,871    165,089    148,723 
Total   1,408,754    1,033,618    8,942,458    6,032,743    10,351,212    7,066,360 

 

Notes:

(1)“Developed” means the acreage assigned to productive wells based on applicable regulations.
(2)“Gross” means the total acreage in which Vermilion has a working interest, directly or indirectly.
(3)“Net” means the total acreage in which Vermilion has a working interest, directly or indirectly, multiplied by the percentage working interest of Vermilion.
(4)When determining gross and net acreage for two or more leases covering the same lands but different rights, the acreage is reported for each lease. Where there are multiple discontinuous rights in a single lease, the acreage is reported only once.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 38  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Exploration and development activities

 

 The following table sets forth the number of development and exploration wells which Vermilion completed during its 2018 financial year:

 

   Gross (1)  

Exploration Wells

Net (2)

   Gross (1)  

Development Wells

Net (2)

 
Australia                    
Oil                
Gas                
Dry Holes                
Total Australia                
Canada                    
Oil           150.0    115.3 
Gas           23.0    20.7 
Dry Holes                
Total Canada           173.0    135.9 
France                    
Oil           5.0    5.0 
Gas                
Dry Holes           1.0    1.0 
Total France           6.0    6.0 
Germany                    
Oil                
Gas                
Dry Holes                
Total Germany                
Hungary                    
Oil                
Gas   1.0    1.0         
Dry Holes                
Total Hungary   1.0    1.0         
Ireland                    
Oil                
Gas                
Dry Holes                
Total Ireland                
Netherlands                    
Oil                
Gas                
Dry Holes                
Total Netherlands                
United States                    
Oil           5.0    5.0 
Gas                
Dry Holes   1.0    1.0         
Total United States   1.0    1.0    5.0    5.0 
Total Company                    
Oil           160.0    125.3 
Gas   1.0    1.0    23.0    20.7 
Dry Holes   1.0    1.0    1.0    1.0 
Total Company   2.0    2.0    184.0    146.9 

 

Notes:

(1)"Gross" refers to the total wells in which Vermilion has an interest, directly or indirectly.
(2)"Net" refers to the total wells in which Vermilion has an interest, directly or indirectly, multiplied by the percentage working interest owned by Vermilion, directly or indirectly therein.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 39  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Properties with no attributed reserves

 

The following table sets out Vermilion's properties with no attributed reserves as at December 31, 2018:

 

Country  Gross Acres (1)   Net Acres 
Australia   39,389    39,389 
Canada   110,879    97,379 
Croatia   2,350,000    2,350,000 
France   146,569    134,679 
Germany   2,736,892    1,117,371 
Hungary   652,585    652,585 
Ireland        
Netherlands   1,586,392    737,223 
Slovakia   485,591    242,796 
United States   58,466    52,931 
Total   8,166,762    5,424,350 

 

Notes:

(1)"Gross" refers to the total acres in which Vermilion has an interest, directly or indirectly.
(2)"Net" refers to the total acres in which Vermilion has an interest, directly or indirectly, multiplied by the percentage working interest owned by Vermilion, directly or indirectly therein.

 

Vermilion expects its rights to explore, develop and exploit approximately 82,770 (79,934 net) acres in Canada, 635,333 (635,333 net) acres in Croatia, 129,000 (129,000 net) acres in Hungary, 92,663 (92,663 net) acres in France, and 6,879 (4,564 net) acres in the United States to expire within one year, unless the Company initiates the capital activity necessary to retain the rights. Work commitments on these lands are categorized as seismic acquisition, geophysical studies or well commitments.  No such rights are expected to expire within one year for Australia, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands and Slovakia. Vermilion currently has no material work commitments in Australia, Canada and the United States. Vermilion's work commitments with respect to its European lands held are estimated to be $29.3 million in the next year.

 

Vermilion’s properties with no attributed reserves do not have any significant abandonment and reclamation costs.  All properties with no attributed reserves do not have high expected development or operating costs or contractual sales obligations to produce and sell at substantially lower prices than could be realized.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 40  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Production estimates

 

The following table sets forth the volume of production estimated for the year ended December 31, 2019 as reflected in the estimates of gross proved reserves and gross proved plus probable reserves in the GLJ Report:

 

  

Light Crude Oil &

Medium Crude Oil

   Heavy Oil   Tight Oil  

Conventional

Natural Gas

  

Shale

Natural Gas

  

Coal Bed

Methane

  

Natural Gas

Liquids

   BOE 
   (bbl/d)   (bbl/d)   (bbl/d)   (Mcf/d)   (Mcf/d)   (Mcf/d)   (bbl/d)   (boe/d) 
Australia                                        
Proved   4,330                            4,330 
Probable   162                            162 
Proved Plus Probable   4,492                            4,492 
Canada                                        
Proved   27,592    72        127,247    356    1,941    11,920    61,175 
Probable   3,023    12        17,066    12    87    1,532    7,428 
Proved Plus Probable   30,615    84        144,313    368    2,028    13,452    68,603 
France                                        
Proved   11,342            1,215                11,545 
Probable   1,077            11                1,078 
Proved Plus Probable   12,419            1,226                12,623 
Germany                                        
Proved   1,086            15,991                3,751 
Probable   44            499                127 
Proved Plus Probable   1,130            16,490                3,878 
Hungary                                        
Proved               1,893                316 
Probable               368                61 
Proved Plus Probable               2,261                377 
Ireland                                        
Proved               46,055                7,676 
Probable               1,781                297 
Proved Plus Probable               47,836                7,973 
Netherlands                                        
Proved               51,481            169    8,749 
Probable               4,419            15    752 
Proved Plus Probable               55,900            184    9,501 
United States                                        
Proved   2,064            7,578            794    4,121 
Probable   1,196            1,553            163    1,618 
Proved Plus Probable   3,260            9,131            957    5,739 
Total                                        
Total Proved   46,414    72        251,460    356    1,941    12,883    101,662 
Probable   5,502    12        25,697    12    87    1,710    11,523 
Total Proved Plus Probable   51,916    84        277,157    368    2,028    14,593    113,185 

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 41  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Production history

 

The following table sets forth certain information in respect of production, product prices received, royalties, production costs and netbacks received by Vermilion for each quarter of its most recently completed financial year.

 

   Three Months Ended
March 31, 2018
   Three Months Ended
June 31, 2018
   Three Months Ended
September 31, 2018
   Three Months Ended
December 31, 2018
 
Australia                    
Average Daily Production                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil (bbl/d)   4,971    4,132    4,704    4,174 
Conventional Natural Gas (MMcf/d)                
Natural Gas Liquids (bbl/d)                
Average Net Prices Received                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)   86.94    98.61    99.01    97.19 
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)                
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)                
Royalties                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)                
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)                
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)                
Production Costs                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)   29.72    33.81    32.00    38.92 
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)                
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)                
Netback Received                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)   57.22    64.80    67.01    58.27 
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)                
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)                
Canada                    
Average Daily Production                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil (bbl/d)   5,960    13,103    24,602    25,640 
Conventional Natural Gas (MMcf/d)   106.21    127.32    136.77    146.65 
Natural Gas Liquids (bbl/d)   8,417    9,494    10,001    10,734 
Average Net Prices Received                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)   75.50    78.13    79.73    53.67 
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)   1.95    1.09    1.44    1.73 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)   44.57    49.76    48.30    36.82 
Royalties                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)   10.08    11.03    12.22    8.17 
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)   0.04    (0.24)   0.02    0.09 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)   5.40    5.87    6.34    5.19 
Transportation                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)   2.38    1.65    1.04    2.62 
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)   0.15    0.16    0.15    0.17 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)   2.38    1.65    1.04    2.62 
Production Costs                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)   8.94    11.13    11.76    13.09 
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)   1.31    1.11    1.44    1.35 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)   8.94    11.13    11.76    13.09 
Netback Received                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)   54.10    54.32    54.71    29.79 
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)   0.45    0.06    (0.17)   0.12 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)   27.85    31.11    29.16    15.92 

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 42  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

   Three Months Ended
March 31, 2018
   Three Months Ended
June 31, 2018
   Three Months Ended
September 31, 2018
   Three Months Ended
December 31, 2018
 
France                    
Average Daily Production                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil (bbl/d)   11,037    11,683    11,407    11,317 
Conventional Natural Gas (MMcf/d)               0.82 
Natural Gas Liquids (bbl/d)                
Average Net Prices Received                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)   81.70    95.13    95.46    84.94 
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)               1.74 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)                
Royalties                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)   10.60    11.85    12.08    11.86 
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)               0.03 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)                
Transportation                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)   2.65    2.65    1.91    3.21 
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)                
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)                
Production Costs                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)   14.66    13.07    13.00    13.88 
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)                
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)                
Netback Received                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)   53.79    67.56    68.47    55.99 
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)               1.71 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)                
Germany                    
Average Daily Production                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil (bbl/d)   1,078    1,008    1,019    913 
Conventional Natural Gas (MMcf/d)   16.19    14.63    14.88    16.94 
Natural Gas Liquids (bbl/d)                
Average Net Prices Received                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)   79.04    91.00    92.45    75.53 
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)   7.69    7.68    9.61    9.72 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)                
Royalties                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)   2.53    2.22    2.14    3.32 
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)   0.99    0.78    1.66    0.57 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)                
Transportation                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)   9.80    10.17    8.83    9.14 
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)   0.58    0.60    0.32    0.41 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)                
Production Costs                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)   22.08    22.36    21.41    24.48 
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)   2.46    2.43    2.22    2.84 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)                
Netback Received                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)   44.63    56.25    60.07    38.59 
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)   3.66    3.87    5.41    5.90 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)                

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 43  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

   Three Months Ended
March 31, 2018
   Three Months Ended
June 31, 2018
   Three Months Ended
September 31, 2018
   Three Months Ended
December 31, 2018
 
Hungary                    
Average Daily Production                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil (bbl/d)                
Conventional Natural Gas (MMcf/d)           1.17    2.86 
Natural Gas Liquids (bbl/d)                
Average Net Prices Received                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)                
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)           10.06    9.68 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)                
Royalties                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)                
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)                
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)                
Production Costs                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)                
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)           1.87    (0.35)
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)                
Netback Received                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)                
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)           8.19    10.03 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)                
Ireland                    
Average Daily Production                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil (bbl/d)                
Conventional Natural Gas (MMcf/d)   60.87    56.56    51.38    52.03 
Natural Gas Liquids (bbl/d)                
Average Net Prices Received                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)                
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)   9.80    9.30    10.63    11.15 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)                
Royalties                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)                
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)                
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)                
Transportation                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)                
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)   0.23    0.25    0.31    0.23 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)                
Production Costs                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)                
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)   0.59    0.84    0.71    0.94 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)                
Netback Received                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)                
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)   8.98    8.21    9.61    9.98 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)                

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 44  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

   Three Months Ended
March 31, 2018
   Three Months Ended
June 31, 2018
   Three Months Ended
September 31, 2018
   Three Months Ended
December 31, 2018
 
Netherlands                    
Average Daily Production                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil (bbl/d)                
Conventional Natural Gas (MMcf/d)   44.79    43.49    44.37    51.82 
Natural Gas Liquids (bbl/d)   77    87    84    112 
Average Net Prices Received                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)                
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)   8.86    8.68    10.08    10.95 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)   68.64    79.40    82.32    69.95 
Royalties                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)                
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)   0.21    0.19    0.26    0.11 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)                
Production Costs                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)                
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)   1.91    1.62    1.42    1.42 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)                
Netback Received                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)                
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)   6.74    6.87    8.40    9.42 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)   68.64    79.40    82.32    69.95 
United States                    
Average Daily Production                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil (bbl/d)   573    652    1,455    1,582 
Conventional Natural Gas (MMcf/d)   0.15    0.40    4.82    5.65 
Natural Gas Liquids (bbl/d)   21    65    720    1,022 
Average Net Prices Received                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)   76.59    83.93    87.44    71.15 
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)   3.00    1.59    2.01    3.29 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)   37.05    32.24    29.53    27.24 
Royalties                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)   21.04    23.19    20.43    19.46 
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)   1.08    0.57    0.53    0.90 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)   11.86    9.23    7.16    8.01 
Transportation                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)                
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)                
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)                
Production Costs                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)   10.60    5.73    9.95    8.68 
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)           1.45    1.48 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)   10.60    5.73    9.95    8.68 
Netback Received                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)   44.95    55.01    57.06    43.01 
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)   1.92    1.02    0.03    0.91 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)   14.59    17.28    12.42    10.55 

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 45  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

   Three Months Ended
March 31, 2018
   Three Months Ended
June 31, 2018
   Three Months Ended
September 31, 2018
   Three Months Ended
December 31, 2018
 
Total Company                    
Average Daily Production                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil (bbl/d)   23,619    30,579    43,186    43,625 
Conventional Natural Gas (MMcf/d)   228.20    242.40    253.38    276.77 
Natural Gas Liquids (bbl/d)   8,515    9,647    10,805    11,867 
Average Net Prices Received                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)   80.91    88.00    86.32    67.07 
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)   5.81    4.77    5.35    5.83 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)   44.77    49.91    47.31    36.31 
Royalties                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)   7.98    9.80    11.11    8.58 
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)   0.13    (0.04)   0.18    0.14 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)   5.37    5.84    6.35    5.38 
Transportation Costs                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)   2.35    1.96    1.24    2.52 
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)   0.17    0.18    0.16    0.16 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)   2.35    1.96    1.24    2.52 
Production Costs                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)   14.57    14.21    13.60    15.26 
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)   1.32    1.22    1.34    1.36 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)   14.57    14.21    13.60    15.26 
Netback Received                    
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)   56.01    62.03    60.37    40.71 
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)   4.19    3.41    3.67    4.17 
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)   22.48    27.90    26.12    13.15 

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 46  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Tax information

 

Vermilion pays current taxes in France, the Netherlands and Australia.

 

In France, current income taxes are applied to taxable income after eligible deductions. Based on legislation passed in 2017, corporate tax rates in France are 34.4% for 2018, 32% for 2019, 28.9% for 2020, 27.4% for 2021 and 25.8% for 2022 forward.

 

In the Netherlands, current income taxes are applied to taxable income after eligible deductions at a tax rate of 50%.

 

In Australia, current taxes include both corporate income taxes and Petroleum Resource Rent Tax ("PRRT"). Corporate income taxes are applied at a rate of approximately 30% on taxable income after eligible deductions, which include PRRT paid. PRRT is a applied at a rate of approximately 40% on sales less eligible expenditures, including operating expenses and capital expenditures.

 

As a function of the impact of Vermilion’s tax pools, the Company does not presently pay current taxes in Canada, Germany, Hungary, Ireland and the United States.

 

The following table sets forth Vermilion’s tax pools as at December 31, 2018:

 

($M)  Oil & Gas Assets   Tax Losses   Other   Total 
Australia   298,054(1)   10,486(4)       308,540 
Canada   2,317,044(1)   1,052,664(4)   36,192    3,405,900 
France   317,062(2)   11,086(5)       328,148 
Germany   175,756(3)   98,787(6)   11,932    286,475 
Hungary                
Ireland       1,301,395(4)       1,301,395 
Netherlands   66,947(3)           66,947 
United States   214,965(1)   101,928(7)   10,184    327,077 
Total   3,389,828    2,576,346    58,308    6,024,482 

 

Notes:

(1)Deduction calculated using various declining balance rates
(2)Deduction calculated using a combination of straight-line over the assets life and unit of production method
(3)Deduction calculated using a unit of production method
(4)Tax losses can be carried forward and applied at 100% against taxable income
(5)Tax losses carried forward are available to offset the first €1 million of taxable income and 50% of taxable profits in excess each taxation year
(6)Tax losses carried forward are available to offset the first €1 million of taxable income and 60% of taxable profits in excess each taxation year
(7)Tax losses created prior to January 1, 2018 are carried forward and applied at 100% against taxable income, tax losses created after January 1, 2018 are carried forward and applied to 80% of taxable income in each taxation year

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 47  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Marketing

 

The nature of Vermilion’s operations results in exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. Vermilion monitors and, when appropriate, uses derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure to these fluctuations. All transactions of this nature entered into by Vermilion are related to an underlying financial position or to future crude oil and natural gas production. Vermilion does not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes. Vermilion has not obtained collateral or other security to support its financial derivatives as management reviews the creditworthiness of its counterparties prior to entering into derivative contracts.

 

During the normal course of business, Vermilion may also enter into fixed price arrangements to sell a portion of its production or purchase commodities for operational use.

 

Vermilion’s outstanding risk management positions as at December 31, 2018 are summarized in Supplemental Table 2: Hedges, included in the Company’s 2018 Management’s Discussion and Analysis, dated February 27, 2019, available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com, under Vermilion’s SEDAR profile.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 48  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Directors and Officers

 

As at January 31, 2019, the directors and officers of Vermilion beneficially owned, or controlled or directed, directly or indirectly, 3,705,699 common shares representing approximately 2.4% of the issued and outstanding common shares.

 

Set forth below is certain information respecting the current directors and officers of Vermilion. References to Vermilion in the following tables for dates prior to the Conversion Arrangement refer to VRL and to the Company following the date of the Conversion Arrangement.

 

Board of Directors

 

Vermilion’s Board of Directors currently consists of nine directors. The directors are nominated by the Company and elected annually by Shareholders and hold office until the next annual meeting of Shareholders, or until their successors are elected or appointed.

 

Name and

Municipality of

Residence

  Committee(s)   Office Held  

Year First

Elected or

Appointed

as Director

  Principal Occupation During the Past Five Years

Lorenzo Donadeo

Calgary, Alberta

Canada

 

 

  (1)  

Chairman of

the Board

 

  1994  

Since March 1, 2016, Chairman of the Board of Vermilion

 

March 2014 – March 1, 2016 Chief Executive Officer of Vermilion

 

2003 – March 2014, President and Chief Executive Officer of Vermilion

 

Since January 2015, Managing Director of a group of private wealth management companies

 

Stephen Larke

Calgary, Alberta

Canada

 

  (3) (4) (7)   Director   2017  

2016 to 2018, Operating Partner and Advisory Board Member, Azimuth Capital Management, a private equity fund

 

2005 to 2015, Managing Director and Principal, Institutional Sales, and Executive Committee Member, Peters & Co., a private investment dealer

 

Loren M. Leiker

McKinney, Texas

USA

 

  (6)   Director   2012  

Since 2014, Director of Navitas Midstream Partners LLC

 

Since 2012, Director of SM Energy, a public energy company

 

2012 to 2015, Director of Midstates Petroleum, a public exploration and production company

 

Larry J. Macdonald

Okotoks, Alberta

Canada

 

  (2) (3) (4) (5)   Lead Director   2002  

Since March 1, 2016, Lead Director of Vermilion

 

2012 to March 1, 2016, Chairman of the Board of Vermilion

 

Since June 2018, Chairman of the Board of United Way Canada Gives Across Borders, a non-profit organization

 

2012 to 2016, Chairman Northpoint Resources, a private oil and gas company

 

Since 2003, Chairman & Chief Executive Officer and Director of Point Energy Ltd., a private oil and gas company

 

2006 to 2013, Director of Sure Energy Inc.

 

Timothy R. Marchant

Calgary, Alberta

Canada

 

  (5) (6) (7)   Director   2010  

Since 2015, Non-Executive Director, Valeura Energy Inc., a public oil and gas company

 

Since 2013, Non-Executive Director of Cub Energy Inc., a public oil and gas company

 

Since 2009, Adjunct Professor of Strategy and Energy Geopolitics, Haskayne School of Business

 

2011 to 2013, Executive Chair of Anatolia Energy Corp., a public oil and gas company

 

Anthony W. Marino

Calgary, Alberta

Canada

 

      President & Chief Executive Officer and Director   2016  

Since March 1, 2016, President and Chief Executive Officer of Vermilion

 

March 2014 – March 1, 2016, President and Chief Operating Officer of Vermilion

 

June 2012 – March 2014, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Vermilion

 

Robert Michaleski

Calgary, Alberta

Canada

  (3) (4)   Director   2016  

2013 to 2018, Director of United Way of Calgary and Area, a non-profit organization

 

2012 to 2013, Chief Executive Officer of Pembina Pipeline Corporation, a public energy transportation company

 

Since 2012, Director of Essential Energy Services Ltd., a public oilfield services company

 

Since 2003, Director of Coril Holdings Ltd., a private investment company

 

Since 2000, Director of Pembina Pipeline Corporation

 

Carin S. Knickel

Golden, Colorado

USA

  (2) (3) (7)   Director   2018  

Since 2015, Director of Hudbay Minerals, Inc., a public mining company

 

Since 2015, Director of Whiting Petroleum Corporation, a public oil and gas company

 

Since 2014, Director of National MS Society (Colorado/Wyoming Chapter), a non-profit organization

 

2012 to 2015, Director of Rosetta Resources Inc., a private oil and gas company

 

2013 to 2014, Director of University of Colorado Denver, a public research university

 

William Roby

Calgary, Alberta

Canada

 

  (5) (6) (7)   Director   2017  

Since 2015, Chief Executive Officer, Shepherd Energy, LLC., a private energy efficiency services company

 

2013 to 2014, Chief Operating Officer, Sheridan Production Company, LLC., a private oil and gas company

 

2000 to 2013, Senior Vice President and other management positions, Occidental Petroleum Corporation, a public oil and gas company

 

Catherine L. Williams

Calgary, Alberta

Canada

  (3) (4)   Director   2015  

Since 2010, Chair of Human Resources and Compensation Committee, Enbridge Inc., a public energy transportation company

 

Since 2007, Director of Enbridge Inc., a public energy transportation company

 

Since 2007, Owner and Managing Director, Options Canada Ltd., a private investment company

 

2016 to 2017, Director of Enbridge Income Fund, an energy infrastructure asset investment vehicle

 

2015 to 2017, Director of Enbridge Pipelines Inc. and Enbridge Income Partners GP Inc., subsidiaries of Enbridge Inc., a public energy transportation company

 

2015 to 2017, Trustee of Enbridge Commercial Trust, a subsidiary of Enbridge Inc., a public energy transportation company

 

2009 to 2014, Director, Alberta Investment Management Corporation, an institutional investment fund manager 

 

 

Committees:

(1)Chairman of the Board
(2)Lead Director
(3)Member of the Audit Committee
(4)Member of the Governance and Human Resources Committee
(5)Member of the Health, Safety and Environment Committee
(6)Member of the Independent Reserves Committee
(7)Member of the Sustainability Committee

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 49  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Officers

 

Name and

Municipality of

Residence

  Office Held   Principal Occupation During the Past Five Years

Anthony W. Marino

Calgary, Alberta

Canada

 

President &

Chief Executive Officer

 

Since March 1, 2016, President and Chief Executive Officer of Vermilion

 

March 2014 – March 1, 2016, President and Chief Operating Officer of Vermilion

 

June 2012 – March 2014, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Vermilion

 

Lars Glemser

Calgary, Alberta

Canada

 

 

Vice President

& Chief Financial Officer

 

Since April 2018, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Vermilion

 

December 2017 – April 2018, Director, Finance of Vermilion

 

June 2015 – December 2017, Finance Professional of Vermilion

 

January 2013 – June 2015, Treasurer Lightstream Resources Ltd, a public oil and gas company

 

Mona Jasinski

Calgary, Alberta

Canada

 

Executive Vice President

People & Culture

 

Since February 2015, Executive Vice President, People and Culture of Vermilion

 

2011 to 2015, Executive Vice President People of Vermilion

 

Michael Kaluza

Calgary, Alberta

Canada

 

 

Executive Vice President

& Chief Operating Officer

 

Since March 1, 2016, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Vermilion

 

May 2014 – March 1, 2016, Vice President, Canada Business Unit of Vermilion

 

2013 to 2014, Director Canada Business Unit of Vermilion

 

2012 to 2013, Vice President, Corporate Development and Planning, Baytex Energy Corporation, a public oil and gas company

 

Anthony (Dion) Hatcher

Calgary, Alberta

Canada

 

Vice President

Canada Business Unit

 

Since March 1, 2016, Vice President Canada Business Unit of Vermilion

 

May 1, 2014 to March 1, 2016, Director Alberta Foothills – Canada Business Unit of Vermilion

 

February 2013 to May 2014, Cardium / LRG Development Manager of Vermilion

 

January 2010 to February 2013 – Cardium Development Manager of Vermilion

 

Terry Hergott

Calgary, Alberta

Canada

 

Vice President

Marketing

 

Since April 2012, Vice President, Marketing of Vermilion

 

 

Gerard Schut

Den Haag

The Netherlands

 

Vice President

European Operations

 

Since July 2012, Vice President European Operations of Vermilion

 

 

Jenson Tan

Calgary, Alberta

Canada

 

Vice President

Business Development

 

Since October 2017, Vice President, Business Development of Vermilion

 

July 2016 to October 2017, Director, Business Development of Vermilion

 

July 2013 to July 2016, Director, New Ventures of Vermilion

 

November 2010 to July 2013, Business Development Professional of Vermilion

 

Robert J. Engbloom, Q.C.

Calgary, Alberta

Canada

  Corporate Secretary  

Since January 2015, senior partner with Norton Rose Fulbright Canada LLP, a law firm

 

2012 to 2014, partner with and Deputy Chair of Norton Rose Fulbright Canada LLP, a law firm

 

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 50  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Description of Capital Structure

 

Credit ratings

 

Credit ratings affect the Company's ability to obtain short-term and long-term financing and the cost of such financing.  Additionally, the ability of the Company to engage in certain collateralized business activities on a cost effective basis depends on the Company's credit ratings.  A reduction in the credit rating of the Company or the Company's debt or a negative change in the Company's ratings outlook could adversely affect the Company's cost of financing and its access to sources of liquidity and capital.  In addition, changes in credit ratings may affect the Company's ability to enter into ordinary course hedging arrangements or contracts with customers and suppliers.

 

Credit ratings are intended to provide investors with an independent measure of the credit quality of an issuer of securities. The credit ratings accorded to the Senior Unsecured Notes and the Company are not recommendations to purchase, hold or sell such securities and are not a comment upon the market price of the Company's securities or their suitability for a particular investor. There is no assurance that any rating will remain in effect for any given period of time or that any rating will not be revised or withdrawn entirely by a rating agency in the future if, in its judgment, circumstances so warrant. A revision or withdrawal of a credit rating could have a material adverse effect on the pricing or liquidity of the Senior Unsecured Notes or the common shares in any secondary markets. Vermilion does not undertake any obligation to maintain the ratings or to advise holders of the Senior Unsecured Notes or the common shares of any change in ratings. Each agency's rating should be evaluated independently of any other agency's rating.

 

As at February 27, 2019, Vermilion had the following credit ratings from Standard & Poors Ratings Services ("S&P") and Moody's Investors Service ("Moody's):

 

Rating Agency   Company Rating   Outlook   Senior Unsecured Notes
S&P (1)   BB- (1)   Stable   BB- (3)
Moody's (2)   Ba3 (2)   Stable   B2 (4)

 

Notes:

(1)S&P rates long-term corporate credit ratings by rating categories ranging from a high of "AAA" to a low of "D". Ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.  In addition, S&P may add a rating outlook of “positive”, “negative” or “stable” which assesses the potential direction of a long-term credit rating over the intermediate term (typically six months to two years). An obligor rated “BB-” is characterized by S&P as less vulnerable in the near term than other lower-rated obligors.  However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties and exposure to adverse business, financial or economic conditions, which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
(2)Moody's corporate family ratings are on a rating scale that ranges from Aaa to C, which represents the highest to lowest opinions of creditworthiness. Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa, 3 indicating a ranking in the lower end of the generic rating category. A rating of Ba3 by Moody’s is within the fifth highest of nine categories. An obliger rated Ba3 is considered non-investment grade speculative and is subject to substantial credit risk.
(3)S&P rates long-term debt instruments by rating categories ranging from a high of "AAA" to a low of "D". The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.  An obligation rated "BB-" is characterized as less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues.  However, an obligation rated "BB-" faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.  The "BB" category is the fifth highest of the ten available categories.
(4)Moody’s long-term obligations ratings are on a rating scale that ranges from Aaa to C, which represents the highest to lowest opinions of creditworthiness. Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa, with 2 indicating a mid-range ranking within the generic rating category. A rating of B2 by Moody’s is within the sixth highest of nine categories. Obligations rated B2 are considered non-investment grade speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.

 

Common shares

 

The Company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares. Each common share entitles the holder to receive notice of and to attend all meetings of Shareholders and to one vote at any such meeting. The holders of common shares are, at the discretion of the board and subject to applicable legal restrictions, entitled to receive any dividends declared by the board on the common shares. The holders of common shares will be entitled to share equally in any distribution of the assets of the Company upon the liquidation, dissolution, bankruptcy or winding-up of the Company or other distribution of its assets among the Shareholders for the purpose of winding-up the Company’s affairs.

 

Awards pursuant to which a holder may receive Common Shares have been issued under certain Vermilion compensation arrangements. See Vermilion's annual financial statements as at and for the year ended December 31, 2018 (a copy of which is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com under Vermilion’s SEDAR profile) for further details regarding the amount and value of such awards.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 51  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Dividend history

 

The Company currently pays dividends on a monthly basis. Solvency tests imposed by the ABCA on corporations for the declaration and payment of dividends must be satisfied prior to the declaration of a dividend. In addition, decisions with respect to the declaration of dividends on the common shares will be made by the Board of Directors on the basis of the Company's net earnings, financial requirements, and other conditions. Dividends are generally paid on the 15th day of the month following the month of declaration.

 

The following table sets forth the history of Vermilion's monthly dividend per share (pre-September 2010 distribution per unit)

 

Date  Monthly dividend per unit or share 
January 2003 to December 2007  $0.170 
January 2008 to December 2012  $0.190 
January 2013 to December 2013  $0.200 
January 2014 to March 2018  $0.215 
April 2018 to current  $0.230 

 

The following table outlines dividends declared per share for each of the three most recently completed financial years:

 

Date  Dividends per common share 
January 2016 to December 2016  $2.58 
January 2017 to December 2017  $2.58 
January 2018 to December 2018  $2.72 

 

Dividend Reinvestment Plan

 

Under the Premium Dividend™ and Dividend Reinvestment Plan (the “Plan”), Eligible Shareholders who elect to participate in the Dividend Reinvestment Component can reinvest their dividends in common shares at the Average Market Price (with no broker commissions or trading costs).

 

From February 2015 to July 2017, Vermilion used the Premium Dividend™ Component of the Dividend Reinvestment Plan to provide access to low cost source of equity capital. Vermilion discontinued the Premium DividendTM Component in July 2017.

 

Participation in the Plan, which is explained in greater detail in the complete Plan document available on Vermilion’s corporate website at www.vermilionenergy.com (under the heading “Investor Relations” subheading “DRIP”), is subject to eligibility restrictions, applicable withholding taxes, prorating as provided for in the Plan, and other limitations on the availability of common shares to be issued or purchased in certain events. Participation in the Plan is available to Canadian residents and non-U.S. resident foreign Shareholders who meet certain eligibility criteria as set forth in the complete Plan. U.S. resident Shareholders are not currently permitted to participate in the Plan due to the requirement, under U.S. securities regulations, to maintain a continuous shelf registration for issuance of new equity to U.S. Shareholders. At this time, Vermilion has not put in place the required shelf registration due to the high cost of establishing and maintaining such a shelf registration.

 

TM denotes trademark of Canaccord Genuity Capital Corporation.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 52  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

 

Shareholder Rights Plan

 

Vermilion has a shareholder rights plan (the "Shareholder Rights Plan") to ensure that, to the extent possible, all Shareholders are treated equally and fairly in connection with any takeover bid for the Company. The Shareholder Rights Plan discourages coercive hostile takeover bids by creating the potential that any Common Shares which may be acquired or held by such a bidder will be significantly diluted. Pursuant to the Shareholder Rights Plan, one right (a "Right") has been issued by the Company in respect of each Common Share that is outstanding prior to the time the Rights separate from the Common Shares (the "Separation Time"). The Separation Time would occur at the time of an unsolicited take-over bid whereby a person acquires or attempts to acquire 20% or more of the Company's Common Shares. Until the Separation Time, the rights are not exercisable or dilutive. The Rights do not change the manner in which Shareholders currently trade their Common Shares and no separate Rights certificates are issued. On or after the Separation Time, each Right would permit the holder, other than the 20% acquirer, to purchase Common Shares at a substantial discount to the prevailing market price unless the application of the Rights Plan is waived by the Board of Directors.

 

Vermilion initially adopted a unitholder rights plan in 2003, which was subsequently renewed and approved by unitholders in 2006 and 2009. In conjunction with the conversion of the Trust to a corporation on September 1, 2010, the Shareholder Rights Plan was approved and subsequently reapproved by Shareholders in 2013 and 2016. The Shareholder Rights Plan must be reapproved at every third annual meeting of Shareholders.

 

The foregoing summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Shareholder Rights Plan Agreement, a copy of which is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com under Vermilion's SEDAR profile.

 

Market for Securities

 

The outstanding common shares of the Company are listed and posted for trading on the Toronto Stock Exchange ("TSX") and the New York Stock Exchange ("NYSE") under the symbol VET. The following table sets forth the closing price range and trading volume of the common shares on the TSX for the periods indicated:

 

2018  High   Low   Close   Volume 
January  $50.46   $45.74   $46.50    8,487,719 
February  $47.11   $40.25   $42.27    9,315,117 
March  $42.49   $39.41   $41.54    9,884,429 
April  $46.80   $40.01   $43.40    14,079,966 
May  $48.36   $42.22   $45.45    19,037,878 
June  $47.88   $44.19   $47.41    18,430,700 
July  $49.67   $42.98   $44.78    10,415,550 
August  $44.72   $39.50   $41.44    12,017,503 
September  $43.91   $39.78   $42.56    12,630,581 
October  $43.55   $33.94   $34.91    19,874,284 
November  $36.09   $30.55   $33.06    22,579,329 
December  $34.81   $26.67   $28.76    24,160,048 

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 53  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

  

Audit Committee Matters

 

Audit committee charter

 

Vermilion has established an audit committee (the "Audit Committee") to assist the board of directors in carrying out its oversight responsibilities with respect to, among other things, financial reporting, internal controls and the external audit process of the Company. The Audit Committee Terms of Reference are set out in Schedule "D" to this annual information form.

 

Composition of the Audit Committee

 

The following table sets forth the name of each current member of the Audit Committee, whether pursuant to applicable securities legislation, such member is considered independent, whether pursuant to applicable securities legislation, such member is considered financially literate and the relevant education and experience of such member.

 

Name   Independent  

Financially

Literate

  Relevant Education and Experience

Catherine L. Williams

(Chair)

 

  Yes   Yes  

Ms. Williams has a Bachelor of Arts degree from University of Western Ontario and a Masters in Business Administration from the Queen’s University. Ms. Williams brings 32 years of oil and gas industry experience, with an extensive background in finance, mergers and acquisitions, and business management. Ms. Williams is currently the Owner and Managing Director of Options Canada Ltd. (since 2007) and serves as a Board member of Enbridge Inc. (since 2010) and Chairs its Human Resources and Compensation Committee. She was a Board member of Alberta Investment Management Corporation from 2009 to 2014 and Tim Hortons Inc. from 2009 to 2012. From 2003 to 2007, Ms. Williams held the role of Chief Financial Officer for Shell Canada Ltd., prior to which she held various positions with Shell Canada Limited, Shell Europe Oil Products, Shell Canada Oil Products and Shell International (1984 to 2003).

 

Stephen Larke   Yes   Yes  

Mr. Larke holds a Bachelor of Commerce (Distinction) degree from the University of Calgary and is a Chartered Financial Analyst. He brings over 20 years of experience in energy capital markets, including research, sales, trading and equity finance. From 2017 to 2018, he was Operating Partner and Advisory Board member with Azimuth Capital Management, an energy-focused private equity fund based in Calgary, Alberta. From 2005 to 2015, Mr. Larke was Managing Director and Executive Committee member with Peters & Co., an independent energy investment firm based in Calgary.  From 1997 to 2005, he was Vice-President and Director with TD Newcrest, serving in the role of energy equity analyst.

 

Larry J. Macdonald   Yes   Yes  

Mr. Macdonald holds a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Alberta. He has more than 47 years of experience in the oil and gas industry, with an extensive background in leadership, strategy and growth, finance,  exploration, corporate relations and marketing. Mr. Macdonald completed the Executive Management Program at the Wharton Business School at the University of Pennsylvania in 1993 and attended a Financial Literacy Course at the Rotman Business School at the University of Toronto in coordination with the Institute of Corporate Directors.  Currently, he is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (since 2003) of Point Energy Ltd., a private oil and gas exploration company.  From 2012 to 2016, he was Chairman of Northpoint Resources.  From 2003 to 2006, he was a Managing Director of Northpoint Energy Ltd., and from 2006 to 2013 a director of Sure Energy Inc. Previously, he was the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Pointwest Energy Inc. and President and Chief Operating Officer of Anderson Exploration Ltd. He began his career with PanCanadian Petroleum Limited in 1969 (until 1977) and later worked for several exploration firms.

 

Robert Michaleski   Yes   Yes   Mr. Michaleski holds a Bachelor of Commerce (Honours) degree from the University of Manitoba and is a Chartered Accountant.  He has over 30 years of experience in various senior management and executive capacities at Pembina Pipeline Corporation.  He was Chief Executive Officer from 2000 to 2013 and also President from 2000 to 2012.  He was Vice President and Chief Financial Officer from 1997 to 2000, Vice President of Finance from 1992 to 1997, Controller from 1980 to 1992, and Manager of Internal Audit from 1978 to 1980.  He has been a Director of Pembina since 2000, a Director of Essential Energy Services Ltd. since 2012, and a Director of Coril Holdings Ltd. since 2003.  He is a member of the Institute of Corporate Directors.

 

External audit service fees

 

Prior to the commencement of any work, fees for all audit and non-audit services provided by the Company’s auditors must be approved by the Audit Committee.

 

During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, Deloitte LLP, the auditors of the Company, received the following fees from the Company:

 

Item  2018   2017 
Audit fees (1)  $1,934,531   $1,658,920 
Audit-related fees (2)  $81,500   $123,000 
Tax fees (3)  $800   $34,828 

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 54  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

  

Notes:

(1)Audit fees consisted of professional services rendered by Deloitte LLP for the audit of the Company's financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017.
(2)Audit-related fees billed by Deloitte LLP for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of Vermilion’s financial statements, but which are not included in the audit fees.
(3)Tax fees consist of fees for tax compliance services in various jurisdictions.

 

Conflicts of Interest

 

The directors and officers of Vermilion are engaged in and will continue to engage in other activities in the oil and natural gas industry and, as a result of these and other activities, the directors and officers of Vermilion may become subject to conflicts of interest. The ABCA provides that in the event that a director has an interest in a contract or proposed contract or agreement, the director shall disclose his interest in such contract or agreement and shall refrain from voting on any matter in respect of such contract or agreement unless otherwise provided under the ABCA. To the extent that conflicts of interest arise, such conflicts will be resolved in accordance with the provisions of the ABCA.

 

As at the date hereof, Vermilion is not aware of any existing or potential material conflicts of interest between Vermilion and a director or officer of Vermilion.

 

Interest of Management and Others in Material Transactions

 

No director or officer of the Company, nor any other insider of the Company, nor their associates or affiliates has or has had, at any time within the three most recently completed financial years ending December 31, 2018, any material interest, direct or indirect, in any transaction or proposed transaction that has materially affected or would materially affect the Company.

 

Legal Proceedings

 

The Company is not party to any significant legal proceedings as of February 27, 2019.

 

Material Contracts

 

The Company has not entered into any material contracts outside its normal course of business.

 

Interests of Experts

 

As at the date hereof, principals of GLJ, the independent engineers for the Company, personally disclosed in certificates of qualification that they neither had nor expect to receive any common shares. The principals of GLJ and their employees (as a group) beneficially own less than one percent of any of the Company’s securities.

 

Deloitte LLP is the auditor of the Company and is independent within the meaning of the Rules of Professional Conduct of the Chartered Professional Accountants of Alberta.

 

Transfer Agent and Registrar

 

The transfer agent and registrar for the Company’s common shares is Computershare Trust Company of Canada at its principal offices in Calgary, Alberta and Toronto, Ontario.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 55  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

  

Risk Factors

 

The following is a summary of certain risk factors relating to the business of the Company. The following information is a summary only of certain risk factors and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, and must be read in conjunction with, the detailed information appearing elsewhere in this AIF. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to Vermilion that it currently views as immaterial may also materially and adversely affect its business, financial condition and/or results of operations. Shareholders and potential Shareholders should carefully consider the information contained herein and, in particular, the following risk factors.

 

Market risks

 

Volatility of oil and gas prices

 

The Company's reserves, financial performance, financial position, and cash flows are dependent on the prices received for oil and natural gas production. Oil and natural gas prices have fluctuated materially during recent years and are determined by supply and demand factors. Supply factors can include availability (or lack thereof) of transportation capacity and production curtailments by independent producers or by OPEC members. Demand factors can be impacted by general economic conditions, supply chain requirements, environmental and other factors. Environmental and other factors include changes in weather, weather patterns, fuel conservation measures, alternative fuel requirements, increasing consumer demand for alternatives to oil and gas, and technology advances in fuel economy and energy generation devices.

 

Volatility of foreign exchange rates

 

The Company's reserves, financial performance, financial position, and cash flows are affected by prevailing foreign exchange rates. An increase in the exchange rate for the Canadian dollar versus the U.S. dollar and Euro would reduce the Canadian equivalent cash receipts for Vermilion's production. Conversely, a decrease in the exchange rate for the Canadian dollar versus the U.S. dollar and Euro would increase the Canadian equivalent cash outflows for Vermilion's operating and capital expenditures.

 

Volatility of market price of Common Shares

 

The market price of Vermilion's Common Shares may be volatile and this volatility may affect the ability of Shareholders to sell Common Shares at an advantageous price. Market price fluctuations in the common shares may be due to: the Company’s operating results or financial performance failing to meet the expectations of securities analysts or investors in any quarter; downward revision in securities analysts’ estimates; governmental regulatory action; adverse change in general market conditions or economic trends; acquisitions, dispositions or other material public announcements by the Corporation or its competitors, along with a variety of additional factors, including, without limitation, those set forth under “Forward-Looking Statements” in this AIF. In addition, the market price for securities in stock markets including Common Shares may experience significant price and trading fluctuations. These fluctuations may result in volatility in the market prices of securities that may be unrelated or disproportionate to changes in the Company's operating and financial performance.

 

Hedging arrangements

 

Vermilion may enter into agreements to fix commodity prices, interest rates, and foreign exchange rates to offset the risks affecting the business. To the extent that Vermilion engages in price risk management activities to protect the Company from unfavourable fluctuations in prices and rates, the Company may also be prevented from realizing the full benefits of favourable fluctuations in prices and rates.

 

To the extent that risk management activities and hedging strategies are employed to address these risks, the Company would also be exposed to risks associated with such activities and strategies, including: counterparty risk, settlement risk, basis risk, liquidity risk and market risk. These risks could impact or negate any benefits of risk management activities and hedging strategies.

 

In addition, commodity hedging arrangements could expose the Company to the risk of financial loss if: production falls short of the hedged volumes; there is a widening of price-basis differentials between delivery points for production and the delivery point assumed in the hedge arrangements; or a sudden unexpected event materially impacts oil and natural gas prices.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 56  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Operational risks

 

Increase in operating costs or a decline in production level

 

The Company's financial performance, financial position, and cash flows are affected by the Company's operating costs and production levels. Operating costs may increase and production levels may decline at rates greater than anticipated due to unforeseen circumstances, many of which are beyond Vermilion's control.

 

Production levels may decline due to an inability for Vermilion to market oil and natural gas production. This could result from the availability, proximity and capacity of gathering systems, pipelines and processing facilities that Vermilion depends on in the jurisdictions in which it operates.

 

Operating costs could increase as a result of blowouts, environmental damage, and other unexpected and dangerous conditions which could result from a number of operating and natural hazards associated with Vermilion's operations. In addition to higher costs, Vermilion may have a potential liability to regulators and third parties as a result. Vermilion maintains liability insurance, where available, in amounts consistent with industry standards. Business interruption insurance may also be purchased for selected operations, to the extent that such insurance is commercially viable. Vermilion may become liable for damages arising from such events against which it cannot insure or against which it may elect not to insure because of high premium costs or other reasons.

 

Operator performance and payment delays

 

Continuing production from a property are dependent upon the ability of the operator of the property, and the operator may fail to perform these functions properly. Payments from production generally flow through the operator and there is a risk of delay and additional expense in receiving such revenues if the operator becomes insolvent. Although satisfactory title reviews are generally conducted in accordance with industry standards, such reviews do not guarantee or certify that a defect in the chain of title may not arise to defeat the claim of Vermilion or its subsidiaries to certain properties.

 

In addition to the usual delays in payment by purchasers of oil and natural gas to the operators of the properties, and by the operator to Vermilion, payments between any of such parties may also be delayed by restrictions imposed by lenders, delays in the sale or delivery of products, delays in the connection of wells to a gathering system, blowouts or other accidents, recovery by the operator of expenses incurred in the operation of the properties or the establishment by the operator of reserves for such expenses.

 

Weather conditions

 

Vermilion's operations may be impacted by changing weather conditions, which may include: changes in temperature extremes, changes in precipitation patterns (including drought and flooding), rising sea levels, and increased severity of extreme weather events such as cyclones or floods. These events can impact Vermilion's operations, causing shutdowns and increased costs. In the Netherlands, rising water levels could impact facilities below sea level and in Australia a severe cyclonic event could cause damage to the Company's Wandoo platform.

 

Cost of new technology

 

The oil and natural gas industry is characterized by rapid and significant technological advancements and introductions of new products and services utilizing new technologies. Other oil and natural gas companies may have greater financial, technical and personnel resources that provide them with technological advantages and may in the future allow them to implement new technologies before Vermilion does. There can be no assurance that Vermilion will be able to respond to such competitive pressures and implement such technologies on a timely basis or at an acceptable cost. One or more of the technologies currently utilized by the Company or implemented in the future may become obsolete.

 

Regulatory and political risks

 

Tax, royalty and other government legislation

 

Income tax laws, royalty and other government legislation relating to the oil and gas industry in the jurisdictions in which the Company operates may change in a manner that adversely affects Vermilion.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 57  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Government regulations

 

Vermilion's operations are governed by many levels of governments in which jurisdiction the Company operates. Vermilion is subject to laws and regulations regarding environment, health and safety issues, lease interests, taxes and royalties, among others. Failure to comply with the applicable laws can result in significant increases in costs, penalties and even losses of operating licenses. The regulatory process involved in each of the countries in which Vermilion operates is not uniform and regulatory regimes vary as to complexity, timeliness of access to, and response from, regulatory bodies and other matters specific to each jurisdiction. If regulatory approvals or permits are delayed, not obtained, or revoked, there can also be delays or abandonment of projects, decreases in production and increases in costs, and Vermilion may not be able to fully execute its strategy. Governments may also amend or create new legislation and regulatory bodies may also amend regulations or impose additional requirements which could result in reduced production and increased capital, operating and compliance costs.

 

Political events and terrorist attacks

 

Political events throughout the world that cause disruptions in the supply of oil affect the marketability and price of oil and natural gas acquired or discovered by Vermilion. Political developments arising in the countries in which Vermilion operates have a significant impact on the price of oil and natural gas.

 

Vermilion’s oil and natural gas properties, wells and facilities could be subject to a terrorist attack. If any of Vermilion’s properties, wells or facilities or any infrastructure on which the Company relies are the subject of a terrorist attack, such attack may have a material adverse effect on Vermilion’s financial performance, financial position, and cash flows.

 

Financing risks

 

Discretionary nature of dividends

 

The declaration and payment (including the amount thereof) of future cash dividends, if any, is subject to the discretion of the Board of Directors of the Company and may vary depending on a variety of factors and conditions, including the satisfaction of the liquidity and solvency tests under the ABCA for the declaration and payment of dividends and the amount of the Company's cash flows. The Company's cash flows may be impacted by risks affecting the Company's business including: fluctuations in commodity prices, foreign exchange and interest rates; production and sales volume levels; production costs; capital expenditure requirements; royalty and tax burdens; external financing availability, and debt service requirements.

 

Depending on these and other factors considered relevant to the declaration and payment of dividends by the Board of Directors and management of the Company, the Company may change its dividend policy from time to time. Any reduction of dividends may adversely affect the market price or value of Common Shares.

 

Additional financing

 

Vermilion’s credit facility and any replacement credit facility may not provide sufficient liquidity. The amounts available under Vermilion's credit facility may not be sufficient for future operations, or Vermilion may not be able to obtain additional financing on attractive economic terms, if at all.

 

To the extent that external sources of capital, including the issuance of additional Common Shares, become limited or unavailable, Vermilion's ability to make the necessary capital investments to maintain or expand its oil and natural gas reserves may be impaired. To the extent the Company is required to use cash flow to finance capital expenditures or property acquisitions, the level of cash available that may be declared payable as dividends will be reduced.

 

Debt service

 

Vermilion may finance a significant portion of its operations through debt. Amounts paid in respect of interest and principal on debt incurred by Vermilion may impair Vermilion's ability to satisfy its other obligations. Variations in interest rates and scheduled principal repayments could result in significant changes in the amount required to be applied to debt service before payment by Vermilion of its debt obligations.

 

Lenders may be provided with security over substantially all of the assets of Vermilion and its Subsidiaries. If Vermilion becomes unable to pay its debt service charges or otherwise commits an event of default such as bankruptcy, a lender may be able to foreclose on or sell the assets of Vermilion and/or its Subsidiaries.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 58  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

  

Variations in interest rates and foreign exchange rates

 

An increase in interest rates could result in a significant increase in the amount the Company pays to service debt. A decrease in the exchange rate of the Canadian dollar versus the U.S. dollar would result in higher interest and ultimate principle payment on the Company's U.S. dollar denominated Senior Unsecured Notes.

 

Environmental risks

 

Environmental legislation

 

The oil and natural gas industry is subject to environmental regulation pursuant to local, provincial, state and federal legislation. A breach of such legislation may result in the imposition of fines, the issuance of clean up orders in respect of Vermilion or its assets, or the loss or suspension of regulatory approvals. Such legislation may include carbon taxes, enhanced emissions reporting obligations, mandates on the equipment specifications, and emissions regulations. Such legislation may be changed to impose higher standards and potentially more costly obligations on Vermilion. In addition, such legislation may inhibit Vermilion's ability to operate the Company's assets and may make it more difficult for Vermilion to compete in the acquisition of new property rights. Presently, the Company does not believe the financial impact of these regulations on capital expenditures and earnings will be material. However, the Company actively monitors and assesses its exposure to this legislation.

 

Vermilion expects to incur abandonment and reclamation costs in the ordinary course of business as existing oil and gas properties are abandoned and reclaimed. These costs may materially differ from the Company's estimates due to changes in environmental regulations.

 

Vermilion's exploration and production facilities and other operations and activities emit some amount of greenhouse gases, which may be subject to legislation regulating emissions of greenhouse gases. This may result in a requirement to reduce emissions or emissions intensity from Vermilion's operations and facilities. It is possible that future regulations may require further reductions of emissions or emissions intensity.

 

Hydraulic fracturing regulations

 

Hydraulic fracturing involves the injection of water, sand and small amounts of additives under pressure into rock formations to stimulate oil and natural gas production. Hydraulic fracturing is used to produce commercial quantities of oil and natural gas from reservoirs that were previously unproductive. Hydraulic fracturing has featured prominently in recent political, media and activist commentary on the subject of water usage and environmental damage. Any new laws, regulations or permitting requirements regarding hydraulic fracturing could lead to operational delays, increased operating costs, third party or governmental claims, and could increase Vermilion's costs of compliance and doing business as well as delay the development of oil and natural gas resources from shale formations, which are not commercial without the use of hydraulic fracturing. Restrictions on hydraulic fracturing could also reduce the amount of oil and natural gas that the Company is ultimately able to produce from its reserves, as well as increase costs.

 

With activist groups expressing concern about the impact of hydraulic fracturing on the environment and water supplies, Vermilion's corporate reputation may be negatively affected by the negative public perception and public protests against hydraulic fracturing. In addition, concerns regarding hydraulic fracturing may result in changes in regulations that delay the development of oil and natural gas resources and adversely affect Vermilion's costs of compliance and reputation. Changes in government may result in new or enhanced regulatory burdens in respect of hydraulic fracturing which could affect Vermilion's business.

 

Climate change

 

Climate change may impact the volatility of oil and gas prices and weather conditions affecting Vermilion's operations. These are discussed under "Market risks" and "Operational risks" above. In addition, practices and disclosures relating to environmental matters, including climate change, are attracting increasing scrutiny by stakeholders. Vermilion’s response to addressing environmental matters can impact the Company’s reputation and affect the Company's ability to hire and retain employees; to compete for reserve acquisitions, exploration leases, licenses and concessions; and to receive regulatory approvals required to execute operating programs.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 59  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Acquisition and expansion risks

 

Competition

 

Vermilion actively competes for reserve acquisitions, exploration leases, licences, concessions and skilled industry personnel with a substantial number of other oil and gas companies, some of which have significantly greater financial resources than Vermilion. Vermilion's competitors include major integrated oil and natural gas companies and numerous other independent oil and natural gas companies and individual producers and operators.

 

Vermilion's ability to successfully bid on and acquire additional property rights, to discover reserves, to participate in drilling opportunities and to identify and enter into commercial arrangements with customers will be dependent upon developing and maintaining close working relationships with its future industry partners and joint operators and its ability to select and evaluate suitable properties and to consummate transactions in a highly competitive environment.

 

International operations and future geographical/industry expansion

 

The operations and expertise of Vermilion's management are currently focused primarily on oil and natural gas production, exploration and development in three geographical regions, North America, Europe and Australia. In the future Vermilion may: acquire or move into new industry related activities, enter into new geographical areas; or acquire different energy related assets. These actions may result in unexpected risks or alternatively, significantly increase the Company's exposure to one or more existing risk factors.

 

Acquisition assumptions

 

When making acquisitions, Vermilion estimates the future performance of the assets to be acquired. These estimates are subject to inherent risks associated with predicting the future performance of those assets. These estimates may not be realized over time. As such, assets acquired may not possess the value Vermilion attributed to them.

 

Failure to realize anticipated benefits of prior acquisitions

 

Vermilion may complete one or more acquisitions for various strategic reasons including to strengthen its position in the oil and natural gas industry and to create the opportunity to realize certain benefits. In order to achieve the benefits of any future acquisitions, Vermilion will be dependent upon its ability to successfully consolidate functions and integrate operations, procedures and personnel in a timely and efficient manner and to realize the anticipated growth opportunities and synergies from combining the acquired assets and operations with those of the Company. The integration of acquired assets and operations requires the dedication of management effort, time and resources, which may divert management's focus and resources from other strategic opportunities and from operational matters during the process. The integration process may result in the disruption of ongoing business and customer relationships that may adversely affect Vermilion's ability to achieve the anticipated benefits of such prior acquisitions.

 

Reserves and resource estimates

 

Reserve estimates

 

Reserves and estimated future net revenue to be derived from reserves are estimates and have been independently evaluated by GLJ. The estimation of reserves is a complex process and requires significant judgment. Actual production and ultimate reserves will vary from those estimates and these variations may be material.

 

Assumptions incorporated into the estimation of reserves are based on information available when the estimate was prepared. These assumptions are subject to change and many are beyond the Company's control. These assumptions include: initial production rates; production decline rates; ultimate recovery of reserves; timing and amount of capital expenditures; marketability of production; future prices of crude oil and natural gas; operating costs; well abandonment costs; royalties, taxes, and other government levies that may be imposed over the producing life of the reserves.

 

In addition, estimates of reserves that may be developed and produced in the future are often based on methods other than actual production history, including: volumetric calculations, probabilistic methods, and upon analogy to similar types of reserves. Estimates based on these methods are generally less reliable than those based on actual production history. Subsequent evaluation of the same reserves based upon production history will result in variations, which may be material, in the estimated reserves. As such, reserve estimates may require revision based on actual production experience.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 60  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

 

The present value of estimated future net revenue referred to in this annual information form should not be construed as the fair market value of estimated crude oil and natural gas reserves attributable to the Company's properties. The estimated discounted future revenue from reserves are based upon price and cost estimates which may vary from actual prices and costs and such variance could be material. Actual future net revenue will also be affected by factors such as the amount and timing of actual production, supply and demand for crude oil and natural gas, curtailments or increases in consumption by purchasers and changes in governmental regulations and taxation.

 

Contingent and prospective resource estimates

 

Information regarding quantities of contingent and prospective resources included in Appendix A to this Annual Information Form are estimates only. References to “contingent resources” and "prospective resources" do not constitute, and should be distinguished from, references to “reserves”. The same uncertainties inherent in estimating quantities of reserves apply to estimating quantities of contingent resources. In addition, there are contingencies that prevent resources from being classified as reserves. There is no certainty that it will be commercially viable to produce any portion of the contingent resources due to one or more contingencies. Contingencies may include factors such as economic, legal, environmental, political and regulatory matters or a lack of markets. Actual results may vary significantly from these estimates and such variances may be material.

 

Other risks

 

Cyber security

 

Vermilion manages cyber security risk by ensuring appropriate technologies, processes and practices are effectively designed and implemented to help prevent, detect and respond to threats as they emerge and evolve. The primary risks to Vermilion include, loss of data, destruction or corruption of data, compromising of confidential customer or employee information, leaked information, disruption of business, theft or extortion of funds, regulatory infractions, loss of competitive advantage and damage to the Company's reputation. Vermilion relies upon a variety of advanced controls as protection from such attacks including:

 

a)Enterprise class firewall infrastructure, secure network architecture and anti-malware defense systems to protect against network intrusion, malware infection and data loss.
b)Regularly conducted comprehensive third party reviews and vulnerability assessments to ensure that information technology systems are up-to-date and properly configured, to reduce security risks arising from outdated or misconfigured systems and software.
c)Disaster recovery planning, ongoing monitoring of network traffic patterns to identify potential malicious activities or attacks.

 

Incident response processes are in place to isolate and control potential attacks. Data backup and recovery processes are in place to minimize risk of data loss and resulting disruption of business. Through ongoing vigilance and regular employee awareness, Vermilion has not experienced a cyber security event of a material nature. As it is difficult to quantify the significance of such events, cyber attacks such as, security breaches of company, customer, employee, and vendor information, as well as hardware or software corruption, failure or error, telecommunications system failure, service provider error, intentional or unintentional personnel actions, malicious software, attempts to gain unauthorized access to data and other electronic security breaches that could lead to disruptions in systems, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information and the corruption of data, may in certain circumstances be material and could have an adverse effect on Vermilion’s business, financial condition and results of operations. As result of the unpredictability of the timing, nature and scope of disruptions from such attacks, Vermilion could potentially be subject to production downtimes, operational delays, the compromising of confidential or otherwise protected information, destruction or corruption of data, security breaches, other manipulation or improper use of its systems and networks or financial losses, any of which could have a material adverse effect on Vermilion’s competitive position, financial condition or results of operations.

 

Accounting adjustments

 

The presentation of financial information in accordance with IFRS requires that management apply certain accounting policies and make certain estimates and assumptions which affect reported amounts in Vermilion’s consolidated financial statements. The accounting policies may result in non-cash charges to net income and write-downs of net assets in the consolidated financial statements and such adjustments may be viewed unfavourably by the market and may result in an inability to borrow funds or a decline in price of Common Shares.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 61  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

  

Ineffective internal controls

 

Effective internal controls are necessary for Vermilion to provide reliable financial reports and to help prevent fraud. Although the Company has undertaken and will undertake a number of procedures in order to help ensure the reliability of its financial reports, including those that may be imposed on Vermilion under Canadian Securities Laws and applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws, Vermilion cannot be certain that such measures will ensure that the Company will maintain adequate control over financial processes and reporting. Failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation, could harm Vermilion's results of operations or cause the Company to fail to meet its reporting obligations. Additionally, implementing and monitoring effective internal controls can be costly. If Vermilion or its independent auditors discover a material weakness, the disclosure of that fact, even if quickly remedied, could reduce the market's confidence in Vermilion's consolidated financial statements and may result in a decline in the price of Common Shares.

 

Reliance on key personnel, management and labour

 

Vermilion's success depends in large measure on certain key personnel. The loss of the services of such key personnel may have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. Vermilion does not have any key person insurance in effect. The contributions of Vermilion's existing management team to immediate and near term operations are likely to be of central importance. In addition, the labour force in certain areas in which the Company operates is limited and the competition for qualified personnel in the oil and natural gas industry is intense. Vermilion expects that similar projects or expansions will proceed in the same area during the same time frame as the Company's projects. Vermilion's projects require experienced employees, and such competition may result in increases in compensation paid to such personnel or in a lack of qualified personnel. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to continue to attract and retain all personnel necessary for the development and operation of the business.

 

Potential conflicts of interest

 

Circumstances may arise where members of the board of directors or officers of Vermilion are directors or officers of companies which compete with Vermilion. No assurances can be given that opportunities identified by such persons will be provided to Vermilion.

 

Brexit

 

On June 23, 2016, British voters voted to leave the European Union ("Brexit").  This is scheduled to occur on March 29, 2019.  As of the date of this AIF, there is significant uncertainty regarding the form of Brexit.  Brexit may result in interruptions to Vermilion’s business and expose Vermilion to financial volatility, with risks including: disruption in the delivery of supplies to the Company’s operations in Ireland, administrative delays to day-to-day banking activities, and foreign exchange volatility.

 

Vermilion’s operations in Ireland are supported by contractors and suppliers, some of whom operate in the United Kingdom.  Vermilion currently believes that the ability to mobilize contractor personnel from the United Kingdom to Ireland will not be significantly impacted by Brexit.  Vermilion has reviewed all of its UK based suppliers and has identified certain products (predominantly production chemicals and odorant) that are presently sourced from the United Kingdom that may be impacted by Brexit related delays. In the event of a supply disruption, Vermilion has developed contingency plans that include ensuring that the Company has maintained adequate inventory and has alternate sourcing plans from European Union ("EU") based suppliers.

 

The Company’s day-to-day banking activities may also be impacted by Brexit for accounts based out of the United Kingdom, primarily relating to electronic payments through the EU based payment systems.  Vermilion has reviewed its banking structure and has established alternate EU based bank accounts to minimize disruption.

 

Brexit has resulted in uncertainty and volatility for the Euro and GBP as compared to each other and other currencies.  This volatility is expected to continue as negotiations continue.   Vermilion's natural gas produced in Ireland is priced based on the NBP index, which is denominated in GBP.  Thus, a weakening of the GBP against the Canadian dollar could result in Vermilion receiving fewer Canadian equivalent dollars for its production.  However, due to the interconnected nature of United Kingdom and European natural gas markets, changes in the exchange ratio for the Euro and GBP are expected to result in offsetting changes to related commodity prices.

 

Additional Information

 

Additional information relating to the Company may be found on SEDAR at www.sedar.com under Vermilion’s SEDAR profile. Additional information related to the remuneration and indebtedness of the directors and officers of the Company, and the principal holders of common shares and Rights to purchase common shares and securities authorized for issuance under the Company's equity compensation plans, where applicable, are contained in the information circular of the Company in respect of its most recent annual meeting of Shareholders involving the election of directors. Additional financial information is provided in the Company's audited financial statements and management's discussion and analysis for the year ended December 31, 2018.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 62  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

  

Appendix A

 

Contingent resources

 

Summary information regarding contingent resources and net present value of future net revenues from contingent resources are set forth below and are derived, in each case, from the GLJ Resources Assessment. The GLJ Resources Assessment was prepared in accordance with COGEH and NI 51-101 by GLJ, an independent qualified reserve evaluator. All contingent resources evaluated in the GLJ Resources Assessment were deemed economic at the effective date of December 31, 2018. Contingent resources are in addition to reserves estimated in the GLJ Report.

 

A range of contingent resources estimates (low, best and high) were prepared by GLJ. See notes 6 to 8 of the tables below for a description of low estimate, best estimate and high estimate.

 

The GLJ Resources Assessment estimated gross risked contingent resources with a project maturity subclass of “Development Pending” of  155.9 million boe (low estimate) to 334.1 million boe (high estimate), with a best estimate of 239.6 million boe. Contingent resources are in addition to reserves estimated in the GLJ Report.

 

The GLJ Resources Assessment estimated gross risked contingent resources with a project maturity subclass of “Development Unclarified” of 11.1 million boe (low estimate) to 52.9 million boe (high estimate), with a best estimate of 36.8 million boe.

 

An estimate of risked net present value of future net revenue of contingent resources is preliminary in nature and is provided to assist the reader in reaching an opinion on the merit and likelihood of the company proceeding with the required investment. It includes contingent resources that are considered too uncertain with respect to the chance of development to be classified as reserves. There is uncertainty that the risked net present value of future net revenue will be realized.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 63  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

 

Summary of risked oil and gas contingent resources as at December 31, 2018 (1) (2) - Forecast prices and costs (3) (4)

 

   Light &
Medium Crude Oil
   Conventional
Natural Gas
   Coal Bed
Methane
   Natural Gas
Liquids
   BOE   Unrisked
BOE
 
   Gross   Net   Gross   Net   Gross   Net   Gross   Net   Gross   Net   Chance
of Dev.
   Gross   Net 
Development Pending (10)  (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mboe)   (Mboe)   % (9)   (Mboe)   (Mboe) 
Contingent (1C) - Low Estimate                                                                 
Australia                                                    
Canada   45,165    34,647    255,488    236,840            23,606    21,050    111,352    95,170    80%   138,951    117,839 
CEE           2,992    2,843                    499    474    90%   554    526 
France   13,842    12,709    853    853                    13,984    12,851    87%   16,127    14,819 
Germany           21,171    18,324                    3,529    3,054    78%   4,547    3,936 
Ireland                                                    
Netherlands   61    61    8,999    8,999            6    6    1,567    1,567    75%   2,080    2,080 
USA   18,338    15,350    22,107    18,537            2,949    2,471    24,972    20,911    90%   27,746    23,234 
Total   77,406    62,767    311,610    286,396            26,561    23,527    155,903    134,027    82%   190,005    162,434 
Contingent (2C) - Best Estimate                                                                 
Australia (11)   2,440    2,440                            2,440    2,440    80%   3,050    3,050 
Canada (12)   63,010    48,949    398,080    366,947            34,531    30,156    163,898    140,263    80%   205,888    175,194 
CEE           6,754    6,417                    1,126    1,070    90%   1,251    1,188 
France (13)   27,538    25,230    1,117    1,117                    27,724    25,416    85%   32,636    29,912 
Germany (14)           36,736    31,786                    6,123    5,298    78%   7,890    6,827 
Ireland                                                    
Netherlands (15)   121    121    19,681    19,681            14    14    3,416    3,415    75%   4,532    4,532 
USA (16)   25,530    21,367    30,991    25,980            4,179    3,501    34,874    29,198    90%   38,749    32,442 
Total   118,639    98,107    493,359    451,928            38,724    33,671    239,600    207,100    81%   293,996    253,145 
Contingent (3C) - High Estimate                                                                 
Australia   3,280    3,280                            3,280    3,280    80%   4,100    4,100 
Canada   81,417    62,429    547,603    502,792            47,106    40,328    219,790    186,556    79%   277,233    234,018 
CEE           12,825    12,184                    2,138    2,031    90%   2,375    2,256 
France   42,811    39,225    1,463    1,463                    43,055    39,469    84%   51,122    46,853 
Germany           67,865    58,710                    11,311    9,785    78%   14,576    12,609 
Ireland                                                    
Netherlands   242    242    36,683    36,683            26    26    6,382    6,382    76%   8,362    8,362 
USA   35,238    29,484    42,607    35,703            5,840    4,891    48,179    40,326    90%   53,532    44,806 
Total   162,988    134,660    709,046    647,535            52,972    45,245    334,135    287,829    81%   411,300    353,004 

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 64  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

   Light &
Medium Crude Oil
   Conventional
Natural Gas
   Coal Bed
Methane
   Natural Gas
Liquids
   BOE   Unrisked
BOE
 
   Gross   Net   Gross   Net   Gross   Net   Gross   Net   Gross   Net   Chance
of Dev.
   Gross   Net 
Development Unclarified (17)  (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mboe)   (Mboe)   % (9)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl) 
Contingent (1C) - Low Estimate                                                                 
Australia                                                    
Canada   3,375    3,111    27,384    24,893            521    437    8,460    7,697    59%   14,292    13,024 
CEE                                           %        
France   1,511    1,411                            1,511    1,411    42%   3,560    3,327 
Germany                                                    
Ireland                                                    
Netherlands           6,560    6,384            10    5    1,103    1,069    50%   2,201    2,115 
USA                                                    
Total   4,886    4,522    33,944    31,277            531    442    11,074    10,177    55%   20,053    18,466 
Contingent (2C) - Best Estimate                                                                 
Australia                                                    
Canada (18)   4,176    3,840    57,594    52,009    60,886    57,602    6,682    5,987    30,604    28,096    47%   65,022    59,932 
CEE                                           %         
France (19)   2,539    2,370                            2,539    2,370    45%   5,690    5,315 
Germany           1,496    1,190                    249    198    35%   712    566 
Ireland                                                    
Netherlands (20)           20,129    19,556            32    16    3,386    3,275    50%   6,738    6,460 
USA                                                     
Total   6,715    6,210    79,219    72,755    60,886    57,602    6,714    6,003    36,779    33,939    47%   78,162    72,273 
Contingent (3C) - High Estimate                                                                 
Australia                                                    
Canada   5,103    4,685    84,733    75,937    77,410    72,422    10,419    8,910    42,546    38,322    47%   90,427    81,628 
CEE                                           %         
France   3,825    3,570                            3,825    3,570    46%   8,250    7,704 
Germany           2,328    1,850                    388    308    35%   1,108    881 
Ireland                                                    
Netherlands           36,811    35,933            48    24    6,183    6,013    53%   11,630    11,203 
USA                                                    
Total   8,928    8,255    123,872    113,720    77,410    72,422    10,467    8,934    52,942    48,213    48%   111,415    101,416 

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 65  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

  

Summary of risked net present value of future net revenues as at December 31, 2018 - Forecast prices and costs (3)

 

   Before Income Taxes, Discounted at (5)    After Income Taxes, Discounted at (5) 
(M$)  0%   5%   10%   15%   20%   0%   5%   10%   15%   20% 
Contingent (1C) - Low Estimate (6)                                                  
Development Pending (10)                                                  
Australia                                        
Canada   2,609,278    1,329,391    727,858    419,031    249,407    1,889,261    930,802    485,761    261,440    141,221 
CEE   11,548    8,353    5,980    4,181    2,790    6,592    4,122    2,305    941     
France   672,376    387,652    234,513    146,564    93,613    499,437    274,227    156,343    90,469    51,990 
Germany   24,358    13,719    4,826            12,922    4,465             
Ireland                                        
Netherlands   58,838    38,313    25,746    17,798    12,585    31,190    19,358    11,998    7,367    4,383 
USA   920,819    458,308    248,019    142,874    86,219    724,812    361,077    195,012    111,932    67,208 
Total   4,297,217    2,235,736    1,246,942    730,448    444,614    3,164,214    1,594,051    851,419    472,149    264,802 
Contingent (2C) - Best Estimate (7)                                                  
Development Pending (10)                                                  
Australia (11)   102,296    67,433    44,873    30,129    20,378    27,895    15,145    7,471    2,911    246 
Canada (12)   4,106,431    2,085,834    1,160,177    687,653    426,099    2,982,926    1,476,369    791,281    446,434    259,217 
CEE   42,376    33,043    26,441    21,593    17,916    24,494    18,378    14,066    10,917    8,545 
France (13)   1,470,151    825,326    497,201    315,174    207,677    1,091,706    588,240    338,641    203,847    126,472 
Germany (14)   131,556    100,380    76,561    58,585    44,954    86,257    64,124    46,789    33,615    23,640 
Ireland                                        
Netherlands (15)   138,133    88,893    60,069    42,235    30,642    74,271    45,380    28,539    18,310    11,839 
USA (16)   1,532,938    736,149    397,407    232,493    143,967    1,208,132    580,891    313,407    183,125    113,213 
Total   7,523,881    3,937,058    2,262,729    1,387,862    891,633    5,495,681    2,788,527    1,540,194    899,159    543,172 
Contingent (3C) - High Estimate (8)                                                  
Development Pending (10)                                                  
Australia   187,273    126,252    86,715    60,646    43,136    66,431    41,477    25,990    16,287    10,141 
Canada   6,054,223    2,903,319    1,594,930    954,303    604,510    4,396,438    2,071,436    1,106,933    639,072    387,326 
CEE   93,627    74,963    61,818    52,153    44,792    54,219    42,710    34,614    28,677    24,170 
France   2,525,265    1,413,668    860,710    555,006    373,209    1,872,950    1,015,326    596,708    369,872    237,717 
Germany   345,559    267,546    211,244    170,044    139,249    232,114    178,327    138,804    109,729    88,005 
Ireland                                        
Netherlands   305,666    198,187    137,102    99,590    75,071    164,990    104,196    69,689    48,718    35,214 
USA   2,422,296    1,096,196    581,036    339,724    211,959    1,910,130    865,435    458,660    268,044    167,134 
Total   11,933,909    6,080,131    3,533,555    2,231,466    1,491,926    8,697,272    4,318,907    2,431,398    1,480,399    949,707 
Contingent (1C) - Low Estimate (6)                                                  
Development Unclarified (17)                                                  
Australia                                        
Canada   142,700    71,708    38,903    22,444    13,592    111,676    54,413    28,227    15,458    8,769 
CEE                                        
France   100,902    56,931    33,664    20,695    13,135    72,213    39,750    22,824    13,567    8,287 
Germany                                        
Ireland                                        
Netherlands   25,648    16,266    10,200    6,270    3,685    14,668    8,523    4,526    1,978    352 
USA                                        
Total   269,250    144,905    82,767    49,409    30,412    198,557    102,686    55,577    31,003    17,408 
Contingent (2C) - Best Estimate (7)                                                  
Development Unclarified (17)                                                  
Australia                                        
Canada (18)   507,086    244,914    121,056    57,853    23,630    363,555    166,983    74,360    27,672    2,958 
CEE                                        
France (19)   183,229    96,765    54,848    32,822    20,476    131,935    68,328    37,771    21,955    13,253 
Germany (20)   1,688    1,852    1,765    1,585    1,382    401    707    738    658    540 
Ireland                                        
Netherlands (21)   112,844    70,393    45,535    30,356    20,676    64,337    38,270    22,966    13,743    7,983 
USA                                        
Total   804,847    413,924    223,204    122,616    66,164    560,228    274,288    135,835    64,028    24,734 
Contingent (3C) - High Estimate (8)                                                  
Development Unclarified (17)                                                  
Australia                                        
Canada   881,032    436,173    238,574    139,227    84,305    627,843    302,743    157,838    85,474    46,062 
CEE                                        
France   296,806    146,180    80,023    47,088    29,162    214,960    104,225    55,864    32,089    19,352 
Germany   6,219    5,668    4,974    4,305    3,714    3,569    3,396    2,998    2,567    2,169 
Ireland                                        
Netherlands   263,515    151,869    96,052    64,867    45,934    153,076    84,985    51,307    32,805    21,792 
USA                                        
Total   1,447,572    739,890    419,623    255,487    163,115    999,448    495,349    268,007    152,935    89,375 

 

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Notes:

(1)Contingent resources are defined in the COGEH as those quantities of petroleum estimated, as of a given date, to be potentially recoverable from known accumulations using established technology or technology under development, but which are not currently considered to be commercially recoverable due to one or more contingencies. There is uncertainty that it will be commercially viable to produce any portion of the contingent resources or that Vermilion will produce any portion of the volumes currently classified as contingent resources. The estimates of contingent resources involve implied assessment, based on certain estimates and assumptions, that the resources described exists in the quantities predicted or estimated, as at a given date, and that the resources can be profitably produced in the future. The risked net present value of the future net revenue from the contingent resources does not represent the fair market value of the contingent resources. Actual contingent resources (and any volumes that may be reclassified as reserves) and future production therefrom may be greater than or less than the estimates provided herein.
(2)GLJ prepared the estimates of contingent resources shown for each property using deterministic principles and methods. Probabilistic aggregation of the low and high property estimates shown in the table might produce different total volumes than the arithmetic sums shown in the table.
(3)The forecast price and cost assumptions utilized in the year-end 2018 reserves report were also utilized by GLJ in preparing the GLJ Resource Assessment. See ”Forecast Prices Used in Estimates” in this AIF.
(4)"Gross” contingent resources are Vermilion's working interest (operating or non-operating) share before deduction of royalties and without including any royalty interests of Vermilion. "Net” contingent resources are Vermilion's working interest (operating or non-operating) share after deduction of royalty obligations, plus Vermilion's royalty interests in contingent resources.
(5)The risked net present value of future net revenue attributable to the contingent resources does not represent the fair market value of the contingent resources. Estimated abandonment and reclamation costs have been included in the evaluation.
(6)This is considered to be a conservative estimate of the quantity that will actually be recovered. It is likely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will exceed the low estimate. If probabilistic methods are used, there should be at least a 90 percent probability (P90) that the quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the low estimate.
(7)This is considered to be the best estimate of the quantity that will actually be recovered. It is equally likely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will be greater or less than the best estimate. If probabilistic methods are used, there should be at least a 50 percent probability (P50) that the quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the best estimate.
(8)This is considered to be an optimistic estimate of the quantity that will actually be recovered. It is unlikely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will exceed the high estimate. If probabilistic methods are used, there should be at least a 10 percent probability (P10) that the quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the high estimate.
(9)The Chance of Development (CoDev) is the estimated probability that, once discovered, a known accumulation will be commercially developed. Five factors have been considered in determining the CoDev as follows:

 

CoDev = Ps (Economic Factor) × Ps (Technology Factor) × Ps (Development Plan Factor) ×Ps (Development Timeframe Factor) × Ps (Other Contingency Factor) wherein
Ps is the probability of success
Economic Factor – For reserves to be assessed, a project must be economic. With respect to contingent resources, this factor captures uncertainty in the assessment of economic status principally due to uncertainty in cost estimates and marketing options. Economic viability uncertainty due to technology is more aptly captured with the Technology Factor. The Economic Factor will be 1 for reserves and will often be 1 for development pending projects and for projects with a development study or pre-development study with a robust rate of return. A robust rate of return means that the project retains economic status with variation in costs and/or marketing plans over the expected range of outcomes for these variables.
Technology Factor - For reserves to be assessed, a project must utilize established technology. With respect to contingent resources, this factor captures the uncertainty in the viability of the proposed technology for the subject reservoir, namely, the uncertainty associated with technology under development. By definition, technology under development is a recovery process or process improvement that has been determined to be technically viable via field test and is being field tested further to determine its economic viability in the subject reservoir. The Technology Factor will be 1 for reserves and for established technology. For technology under development, this factor will consider different risks associated with technologies being developed at the scale of the well versus the scale of a project and technologies which are being modified or extended for the subject reservoir versus new emerging technologies which have not previously been applied in any commercial application. The risk assessment will also consider the quality and sufficiency of the test data available, the ability to reliably scale such data and the ability to extrapolate results in time.
Development Plan Factor – For reserves to be assessed, a project must have a detailed development plan. With respect to contingent resources, this factor captures the uncertainty in the project evaluation scenario. The Development Plan Factor will be 1 for reserves and high, approaching 1, for development pending projects. This factor will consider development plan detail variations including the degree of delineation, reservoir specific development and operating strategy detail (technology decision, well layouts (spacing and pad locations), completion strategy, start-up strategy, water source and disposal, other infrastructure, facility design, marketing plans) and the quality of the cost estimates as provided by the developer.  
Development Timeframe Factor – In the case of major projects, for reserves to be assessed, first major capital spending must be initiated within 5 years of the effective date. The Development Timeframe Factor will be 1 for reserves and will often be 1 for development pending projects provided the project is planned on-stream based on the same criteria used in the assessment of reserves. With respect to contingent resources, the factor will approach 1 for projects planned on-stream with a timeframe slightly longer than the limiting reserves criteria.
Other Contingency Factor – For reserves to be assessed, all contingencies must be eliminated. With respect to contingent resources, this factor captures major contingencies, usually beyond the control of the operator, other than those captured by economic status, technology status, project evaluation scenario status and the development timeframe. The Other Contingency Factor will be 1 for reserves and for development pending projects and less than 1 for on hold. Provided all contingencies have been identified and their resolution is reasonably certain, this factor would also be 1 for development unclarified projects.
These factors may be inter-related (dependent) and care has been taken to ensure that risks are appropriately accounted.

 

(10)Project maturity subclass development pending is defined as contingent resources where resolution of the final conditions for development is being actively pursued (high chance of development).

 

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(11)Risked development pending best estimate contingent resources for Australia have been estimated based on the continued drilling in our active core asset (see “Description of Properties” section of this AIF) using established recovery technologies.  The risked estimated cost to bring these contingent resources on commercial production is $133 MM and the expected timeline is between 6 and 8 years.  The specific contingencies for these resources are corporate commitment and development timing.
(12)Risked development pending best estimate contingent resources for Canada have been estimated based on the continued drilling in our active core assets (see “Description of Properties” section of this AIF) using established recovery technologies.  The risked estimated cost to bring these contingent resources on commercial production is  $1,927 MM and the expected timeline is between 3 and 12 years.  The specific contingencies for these resources are corporate commitment and development timing.
(13)Risked development pending best estimate contingent resources for France have been estimated based on the continued drilling in our active core assets (see “Description of Properties” section of this AIF) using established recovery technologies.  The risked estimated cost to bring these contingent resources on commercial production is $605 MM and the expected timeline is between 3 and 12 years.  The specific contingencies for these resources are corporate commitment and development timing.
(14)Risked development pending best estimate contingent resources for Germany have been estimated based on the continued drilling in our active core assets (see “Description of Properties” section of this AIF) using established recovery technologies.  The risked estimated cost to bring these contingent resources on commercial production is $100 MM and the expected timeline is between 2 and 4 years.  The specific contingencies for these resources are corporate commitment and development timing.
(15)Risked development pending best estimate contingent resources for Netherlands have been estimated based on the continued drilling in our active core assets (see “Description of Properties” section of this AIF) using established recovery technologies.  The risked estimated cost to bring these contingent resources on commercial production is $51 MM and the expected timeline is between 2 and 4 years.  The specific contingencies for these resources are corporate commitment and development timing.
(16)Risked development pending best estimate contingent resources for USA have been estimated based on the continued drilling in our active core asset (see “Description of Properties” section of this AIF) using established recovery technologies.  The risked estimated cost to bring these contingent resources on commercial production is $391 MM and the expected timeline is between 1 and 11 years.  The specific contingencies for these resources are corporate commitment and development timing.
(17)Project maturity subclass development unclarified is defined as contingent resources when the evaluation is  incomplete and there is ongoing activity to resolve any risks or uncertainties.
(18)In Canada, GLJ has estimated an aggregate of risked unclarified best estimate contingent resources of 31 mmboe for the projects outlined below. Utilizing established recovery technology, the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is an aggregate of $401 MM with an expected timeline of 4 to 10 years.

 

Edson Duvernay   Based on contingencies related to corporate commitment and development timing, economic risks associated with lower liquid yields, and capital and operating cost uncertainty, GLJ has estimated risked unclarified best estimate contingent resources at 15.5 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $238 MM.  The expected timeline is 3 to  7 years.
Ferrier Notikewin   Based on contingencies related to corporate commitment and development timing that is greater than 10 years, GLJ has estimated risked unclarified best estimate contingent resources at 4.2 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $29 MM.  The expected timeline is 11 to 15 years.
Ferrier Falher   Based on contingencies related to corporate commitment and development timing that is greater than 10 years, GLJ has estimated risked unclarified best estimate contingent resources at 2.7 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $21 MM.  The expected timeline is 11 to 15 years.
West Pembina Glauconite   Based on contingencies related to corporate commitment and development timing as well as economic risk related to capital and operating cost uncertainty due to limited horizontal development in proximity to interest lands, GLJ has estimated risked unclarified best estimate contingent resources at 3.7 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $28 MM.  The expected timeline is 4 to 6 years.
Saskatchewan   Based on contingencies related to corporate commitment and development timing, GLJ has estimated risked unclarified best estimate contingent resources at 4.4 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $86 MM.  The expected timeline is 4 to 6 years.

 

(19)In France, GLJ has estimated an aggregate of risked unclarified best estimate contingent resources of 2.5 mmboe for the projects outlined below. Utilizing established recovery technology, the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is an aggregate of $39 MM with an expected timeline of 7 to 8 years.

 

Charmottes

  Based on contingencies related to corporate commitment and development timing, along with the project still being in the pre-development study/sourcing stage related to waterflood development, GLJ has estimated risked unclarified best estimate contingent resources at 1.3 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $32 MM. The expected timeline is 7 to 9 years.
Chaunoy   Based on contingencies related to corporate commitment and development timing, along with a CO2 pilot project still being in the conceptual study stage, GLJ has estimated risked unclarified best estimate contingent resources at 1.2 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $7 MM. The expected timeline is 8 to 10 years.

 

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(20)In Germany, GLJ has estimated an aggregate of risked unclarified best estimate contingent resources of .25 mmboe for the projects outlined below. Utilizing established recovery technology, the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is an aggregate of $4.5 MM with an expected timeline of 8 to 10 years.

 

Germany   Based on contingencies related to corporate commitment and development timing, along with project being near residences and may not be permitted, GLJ has estimated risked unclarified best estimate contingent resources at 0.25 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $4.5 MM. The expected timeline is 8 to 10 years.

 

(21)In the Netherlands, GLJ has estimated an aggregate of risked unclarified best estimate contingent resources of 3.4 mmboe for the projects outlined below. Utilizing established recovery technology, the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is an aggregate of $55 MM with an expected timeline of 8 to 10 years.

 

 Netherlands East

  Based on contingencies related to corporate commitment and development timing along with proof-of-concept utilizing directional drilling and unknown deliverability from Zechstein carbonates, GLJ has estimated risked unclarified best estimate contingent resources at 1.8 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is $29 MM.  The expected timeline is 3 to 7 years.
Netherlands West   Based on contingencies related to corporate commitment and development timing along with further study required regarding the deliverability of the Bunter sands, GLJ has estimated risked unclarified best estimate contingent resources at 1.6 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is $26 MM.  The expected timeline is 3 to 5 years.

 

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Prospective resources

 

Summary information regarding prospective resources and net present value of future net revenues from prospective resources are set forth below and are derived, in each case, from the GLJ Resources Assessment. The GLJ Resources Assessment was prepared in accordance with COGEH and NI 51-101 by GLJ, an independent qualified reserve evaluator. All prospective resources evaluated in the GLJ Resources Assessment were deemed economic at the effective date of December 31, 2018. Prospective resources are in addition to reserves estimated in the GLJ Report.

 

A range of prospective resources estimates (low, best and high) were prepared by GLJ. See notes 6 to 8 of the tables below for a description of low estimate, best estimate and high estimate.

 

The GLJ Resources Assessment estimated gross risked prospective resources of 55.0 million boe (low estimate) to 283.9 million boe (high estimate), with a best estimate of 161.1 million boe.

 

An estimate of risked net present value of future net revenue of prospective resources is preliminary in nature and is provided to assist the reader in reaching an opinion on the merit and likelihood of the company proceeding with the required investment. It includes prospective resources that are considered too uncertain with respect to the chance of development and chance of discovery to be classified as reserves. There is uncertainty that the risked net present value of future net revenue will be realized.

 

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Summary of risked oil and gas prospective resources as at December 31, 2018 (1) (2) - Forecast prices and costs (3) (4)

 

   Light & Medium
Crude Oil
   Conventional
Natural Gas
   Coal Bed
Methane
   Natural Gas
Liquids
   BOE   Unrisked
BOE
 
   Gross   Net   Gross   Net   Gross   Net   Gross   Net   Gross   Net   Chance of
Commerciality
   Gross   Net 
Prospect (10)  (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (Mbbl)   (Mbbl)   (Mboe)   (Mboe)   % (9)   (Mboe)   (Mboe) 
Prospective (Pr1) - Low Estimate                                                                 
Australia                                                    
Canada   496    475    72,910    67,539            5,023    4,358    17,671    16,090    33%   52,918    48,096 
CEE   287    235    6,318    5,574                    1,340    1,164    44%   3,026    2,563 
France   2,928    2,766                            2,928    2,766    41%   7,117    6,703 
Germany           146,328    125,748                    24,388    20,958    30%   81,205    69,784 
Ireland                                                    
Netherlands           51,770    47,096            56    51    8,684    7,900    11%   81,927    74,418 
USA                                                     
Total   3,711    3,476    277,326    245,957            5,079    4,409    55,011    48,878    24%   226,193    201,564 
Prospective (Pr2) - Best Estimate                                                                 
Australia (11)   545    545                            545    545    48%   1,136    1,136 
Canada (12)   2,382    2,144    166,384    151,529    112,623    106,141    25,149    21,983    74,033    67,072    24%   313,803    286,142 
CEE (13)   1,011    825    15,377    13,673    21,228    20,804            7,112    6,571    32%   22,306    20,802 
France (14)   11,647    10,610                            11,647    10,610    32%   35,973    32,316 
Germany (15)           312,945    270,106                    52,157    45,018    30%   173,668    149,895 
Ireland                                                    
Netherlands (16)   58    58    92,826    85,132            100    92    15,629    14,339    11%   146,919    134,560 
USA                                                    
Total   15,643    14,182    587,532    520,440    133,851    126,945    25,249    22,075    161,124    144,155    23%   693,805    624,851 
Prospective (Pr3) - High Estimate                                                                 
Australia   1,225    1,225                            1,225    1,225    48%   2,553    2,553 
Canada   3,064    2,735    251,301    227,508    147,282    136,627    38,887    32,570    108,382    95,994    24%   450,545    399,428 
CEE   3,023    2,467    35,169    31,135    50,732    49,718            17,340    15,943    32%   54,235    50,411 
France   27,563    25,288                            27,563    25,288    33%   83,427    75,303 
Germany           605,388    524,609                    100,898    87,435    30%   335,959    291,131 
Ireland                                                    
Netherlands   278    278    168,019    156,101            178    166    28,459    26,461    11%   266,958    247,814 
USA                                                     
Total   35,153    31,993    1,059,877    939,353    198,014    186,345    39,065    32,736    283,867    252,346    24%   1,193,677    1,066,640 

 

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Summary of risked net present value of future net revenues as at December 31, 2018 - Forecast prices and costs (3)

 

   Before Income Taxes, Discounted at (5)   After Income Taxes, Discounted at (5) 
(M$)  0%   5%   10%   15%   20%   0%   5%   10%   15%   20% 
Prospective (Pr1) - Low Estimate (6)                                                  
Prospect (10)                                                  
Australia                                        
Canada   266,350    109,607    45,302    17,618    5,360    208,881    81,819    30,554    9,199    271 
CEE   42,928    33,783    27,043    21,948    18,009    24,793    18,954    14,635    11,370    8,851 
France   107,921    54,794    27,922    14,100    6,881    79,812    37,619    16,996    6,895    1,974 
Germany   355,903    185,873    92,506    42,979    16,609    220,108    114,530    52,197    18,816    1,394 
Ireland                                        
Netherlands   310,998    127,168    62,458    34,684    20,944    162,720    59,286    23,302    8,932    2,597 
USA                                        
Total   1,084,100    511,225    255,231    131,329    67,803    696,314    312,208    137,684    55,212    15,087 
Prospective (Pr2) - Best Estimate (7)                                                  
Prospect (10)                                                  
Australia (11)   39,910    25,906    17,231    11,718    8,131    15,344    9,598    6,138    4,006    2,663 
Canada (12)   1,618,734    672,710    299,611    139,132    65,388    1,105,564    441,118    181,974    73,767    26,504 
CEE (13)   233,540    151,268    105,931    78,540    60,711    143,407    90,221    60,645    42,916    31,549 
France (14)   505,977    276,333    160,707    98,813    63,810    359,498    187,590    104,119    61,133    37,774 
Germany (15)   1,291,453    614,294    310,803    164,315    88,808    866,639    408,025    199,822    99,748    48,870 
Ireland                                        
Netherlands (16)   720,421    324,255    178,670    111,198    74,904    388,672    167,340    86,719    50,496    31,777 
USA                                        
Total   4,410,035    2,064,766    1,072,953    603,716    361,752    2,879,124    1,303,892    639,417    332,066    179,137 
Prospective (Pr3) - High Estimate (8)                                                  
Prospect (10)                                                  
Australia   110,781    72,433    48,635    33,437    23,477    45,111    29,139    19,328    13,128    9,108 
Canada   2,875,591    1,183,067    552,413    281,299    152,052    1,939,285    773,728    344,712    164,634    81,701 
CEE   783,873    443,197    294,099    213,886    164,981    470,411    261,951    170,555    121,700    92,202 
France   1,618,006    851,442    485,029    294,910    189,263    1,206,296    619,597    345,071    205,561    129,546 
Germany   2,971,036    1,397,355    712,919    385,710    217,200    2,014,938    938,404    468,873    245,546    131,720 
Ireland                                        
Netherlands   1,501,384    707,929    407,060    262,522    182,166    817,973    377,967    211,981    133,414    90,501 
USA                                        
Total   9,860,671    4,655,423    2,500,155    1,471,764    929,139    6,494,014    3,000,786    1,560,520    883,983    534,778 

 

Notes:

(1)Prospective resources are defined in the COGEH as those quantities of petroleum estimated, as of a given date, to be potentially recoverable from unknown accumulations by application of future development projects. Prospective resources have both an associated chance of discovery (CoDis) and a chance of development (CoDev). There is no certainty that any portion of the prospective resources will be discovered. If discovered, there is no certainty that it will be commercially viable to produce any portion of the prospective resources or that Vermilion will produce any portion of the volumes currently classified as prospective resources. The estimates of prospective resources involve implied assessment, based on certain estimates and assumptions, that the resources described exists in the quantities predicted or estimated, as at a given date, and that the resources can be profitably produced in the future. The risked net present value of the future net revenue from the prospective resources does not represent the fair market value of the prospective resources. Actual prospective resources (and any volumes that may be reclassified as reserves) and future production therefrom may be greater than or less than the estimates provided herein.
(2)GLJ prepared the estimates of prospective resources shown for each property using deterministic principles and methods. Probabilistic aggregation of the low and high property estimates shown in the table might produce different total volumes than the arithmetic sums shown in the table.
(3)The forecast price and cost assumptions utilized in the year-end 2018 reserves report were also utilized by GLJ in preparing the GLJ Resource Assessment. See ”GLJ December 31, 2018 Forecast Prices” in this AIF.
(4)"Gross” prospective resources are Vermilion's working interest (operating or non-operating) share before deduction of royalties and without including any royalty interests of Vermilion. "Net” prospective resources are Vermilion's working interest (operating or non-operating) share after deduction of royalty obligations, plus Vermilion's royalty interests in prospective resources.
(5)The risked net present value of future net revenue attributable to the prospective resources does not represent the fair market value of the prospective resources. Estimated abandonment and reclamation costs have been included in the evaluation.
(6)This is considered to be a conservative estimate of the quantity that will actually be recovered. It is likely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will exceed the low estimate. If probabilistic methods are used, there should be at least a 90 percent probability (P90) that the quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the low estimate.
(7)This is considered to be the best estimate of the quantity that will actually be recovered. It is equally likely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will be greater or less than the best estimate. If probabilistic methods are used, there should be at least a 50 percent probability (P50) that the quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the best estimate.

 

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(8)This is considered to be an optimistic estimate of the quantity that will actually be recovered. It is unlikely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will exceed the high estimate. If probabilistic methods are used, there should be at least a 10 percent probability (P10) that the quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the high estimate.
(9)The chance of commerciality is defined as the product of the CoDis and the CoDev. CoDis is defined in COGEH as the estimated probability that exploration activities will confirm the existence of a significant accumulation of potentially recoverable petroleum. CoDev is defined as the estimated probability that, once discovered, a known accumulation will be commercially developed.

 

CoDev is the estimated probability that, once discovered, a known accumulation will be commercially developed. Five factors have been considered in determining the CoDev as follows:

 

Ps is the probability of success
Economic Factor – For reserves to be assessed, a project must be economic. With respect to prospective resources, this factor captures uncertainty in the assessment of economic status principally due to uncertainty in cost estimates and marketing options. Economic viability uncertainty due to technology is more aptly captured with the Technology Factor. The Economic Factor will be 1 for reserves and will often be 1 for development pending and for projects with a development study or pre-development study with a robust rate of return. A robust rate of return means that the project retains economic status with variation in costs and/or marketing plans over the expected range of outcomes for these variables.
Technology Factor - For reserves to be assessed, a project must utilize established technology. With respect to prospective resources, this factor captures the uncertainty in the viability of the proposed technology for the subject reservoir, namely, the uncertainty associated with technology under development. By definition, technology under development is a recovery process or process improvement that has been determined to be technically viable via field test and is being field tested further to determine its economic viability in the subject reservoir. The Technology Factor will be 1 for reserves and for established technology. For technology under development, this factor will consider different risks associated with technologies being developed at the scale of the well versus the scale of a project and technologies which are being modified or extended for the subject reservoir versus new emerging technologies which have not previously been applied in any commercial application. The risk assessment will also consider the quality and sufficiency of the test data available, the ability to reliably scale such data and the ability to extrapolate results in time.
Development Plan Factor – For reserves to be assessed, a project must have a detailed development plan. With respect to prospective resources, this factor captures the uncertainty in the project evaluation scenario. The Development Plan Factor will be 1 for reserves and high, approaching 1, for development pending projects. This factor will consider development plan detail variations including the degree of delineation, reservoir specific development and operating strategy detail (technology decision, well layouts (spacing and pad locations), completion strategy, start-up strategy, water source and disposal, other infrastructure, facility design, marketing plans etc.) and the quality of the cost estimates as provided by the developer.  
Development Timeframe Factor – In the case of major projects, for reserves to be assessed, first major capital spending must be initiated within 5 years of the effective date. The Development Timeframe Factor will be 1 for reserves and will often be 1 for development pending provided the project is planned on-stream based on the same criteria used in the assessment of reserves. With respect to prospective resources, the factor will approach 1 for projects planned on-stream with a timeframe slightly longer than the limiting reserves criteria.
Other Contingency Factor – For reserves to be assessed, all contingencies must be eliminated. With respect to prospective resources, this factor captures major contingencies, usually beyond the control of the operator, other than those captured by economic status, technology status, project evaluation scenario status and the development timeframe. The Other Contingency Factor will be 1 for reserves and for development pending and less than 1 for on hold. Provided all contingencies have been identified and their resolution is reasonably certain, this factor would also be 1 for development unclarified.
These factors may be inter-related (dependent) and care has been taken to ensure that risks are appropriately accounted.

 

CoDis is defined in COGEH as the estimated probability that exploration activities will confirm the existence of a significant accumulation of potentially recoverable petroleum. Five factors have been considered in determining the CoDis as follows:

 

CoDis = Ps (Source) × Ps (Timing and Migration) × Ps (Trap) ×Ps (Seal) × Ps (Reservoir) wherein
Ps is the probability of success
Source – For a significant accumulation of potentially recoverable petroleum, a viable source rock capable of generating hydrocarbons must exist. The probability of a source rock investigates stratigraphic presence and location, volumetric adequacy and organic richness of the proposed source rock. In proven hydrocarbon systems, this factor will be a 1. This factor becomes critical when looking at frontier basins.
Timing and Migration - For a significant accumulation of potentially recoverable petroleum, the source rock must reach thermal maturity to generate the hydrocarbons and have a conduit with which to fill the closures that existed at the time of migration. The probability of timing and migration investigates the movement of hydrocarbons from the source rock to the trap. This factor evaluates the pathways and/or carrier beds, including fault systems, which can transport buoyant hydrocarbons from the source kitchen to the prospect area at a time that the trap existed. This factor is often 1 in producing trends, but there is a possibility of migration shadows where the conduits do not fill a viable trap, which would decrease this factor.
Trap - For a significant accumulation of potentially recoverable petroleum, a reservoir must be present in a structural or stratigraphic closure. The trap factor looks at the definition of the geometry of the accumulation, which is determined using seismic, gravity and/or magnetic techniques and surrounding well logs to determine the probability of a significant accumulation. The risking of this includes examining data quality (e.g. 2D vs 3D seismic coverage) and potential depth conversion possibilities which give  confidence in the mapped trap. Stratigraphic trap definition is used for volumetric calculations, but it is given a 1 for this chance factor as the stratigraphic risk will be captured in seal.
Seal - For a significant accumulation of potentially recoverable petroleum, a reservoir must be sealed both on the top and laterally by a lithology that contains the hydrocarbon accumulation within the reservoir. It is also necessary that these accumulated hydrocarbons have been preserved from flushing or leakage. Factors that affect top, seat and lateral seals are fluid viscosity, bed thickness, natural continuity of sealing facies, differential permeability, fault history and reservoir pressures needed to maintain a hydrocarbon column. The probability that the accumulation is not able to be contained by the surrounding rocks is captured in this chance factor.

 

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Reservoir - For a significant accumulation of potentially recoverable petroleum, a reservoir rock must be present and have sufficient porosity and permeability and be of a sufficient thickness to produce  quantities of mobile hydrocarbon. Under this approach, encountering wet, commercial quality and quantity sandstones would not be a failure in the reservoir category, but rather in one of the other factors. It is the reservoir along with the trap which determine the volumetrics of the accumulation.
Serial multiplication of these five decimal fractions representing the five geologic chance factors can be done as they are considered independent of each other.

 

(10)GLJ has sub-classified the best estimate prospective resources by maturity status, consistent with the requirements of the COGE Handbook. These prospective resources have been sub-classified as “Prospect” which the COGE Handbook defines as a potential accumulation within a play that is sufficiently well defined to present a viable drilling target.
(11)Prospective resources for Australia have been estimated based on development timing and reservoir risk, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 80% and the CoDis at 60%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 48%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 0.5 mmboe. Utilizing established recovery technology, the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is $16 MM. The expected development timeline is 7 years.
(12)Prospective resources for Canada have been estimated based on the individual prospects outlined below. GLJ has estimated the aggregate CoDev at 27% and the aggregate CoDis at 88%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 23%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at an aggregate of 74.0 mmboe. Utilizing established recovery technology, the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is an aggregate of  $1061 MM. The expected development timeline is 2 to 20 years.

 

Edson Duvernay Based on reservoir risk, development timing and economic risk related to capital and operating cost uncertainty, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 19% and the CoDis at 90%.  The corresponding chance of commerciality is 17%.  Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 33.6 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $625 MM with an expected timeline of 7 to 14 years.
Wilrich Prospect: Based on reservoir risk, development timing and limited Wilrich development on the land base, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 35% and the CoDis at 85%.  The corresponding chance of commerciality is 30%.  Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 23.0 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $246 MM with an expected timeline of 6 to 13 years.
West Pembina Glauconite Prospect: Based on chance of discovery risk due to uncertainty regarding threshold for reservoir quality to support commercial development of resources with horizontal drilling, along with economic risk related to capital and operating cost uncertainty due to limited horizontal development in proximity to interest lands and chance of development risk related to corporate commitment and development timing.  GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 34% and the CoDis at 90%.  The corresponding chance of commerciality is 31%.  Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 6.5 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $53 MM with an expected timeline of 6 to 12 years.
Drayton Valley Notikewin Prospect: Based on reservoir risk and development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 70% and the CoDis at 85%.  The corresponding chance of commerciality is 60%.  Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 4.6 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is $66 MM.  The expected development timeline is 9 to 11 years.
Saskatchewan Prospects Based on reservoir risk and development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 90% and the CoDis at 80%.  The corresponding chance of commerciality is 72%.  Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 3.5 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is $69 MM with an expected timeline of 2 to 12 years.
Ferrier Falher Prospect Based on reservoir risk and development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 60% and the CoDis at 90%.  The corresponding chance of commerciality is 54%.  Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 2.7 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is $24 MM with an expected timeline of 14 to 20 years.
Utikuma Gilwood Prospect Based on reservoir risk, development timing and limited Gilwood development in the area, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 60% and the CoDis at 50%.  The corresponding chance of commerciality is 30%.  Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 0.2 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is $3 MM with an expected timeline of 4 to 10 years.

 

(13)Prospective resources for CEE have been estimated based on the individual prospects outlined below. GLJ has estimated the aggregate CoDev at 85% and the aggregate CoDis at 56%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 48%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at an aggregate of 7 mmboe. Utilizing established recovery technology, the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is an aggregate of  $101 MM. The expected development timeline is 1 to 2 years.

 

Croatia Prospect

Based on risks associated with development timing and discover risk, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 90% and the CoDis at 56%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 50%.

Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 1.3 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $7 MM with an expected timeline of 2 years.

Hungary Prospect Based on risks associated with development timing and discover risk, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 75% and the CoDis at 33%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 25%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 4.4 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $88 MM with an expected timeline of 2 years.
Slovakia Prospect Based on risks associated with development timing and discover risk, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 90% and the CoDis at 78%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 70%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 1.4 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $6 MM with an expected timeline of 1 year.

 

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(14)Prospective resources for France have been estimated based on the individual prospects outlined below. GLJ has estimated the aggregate CoDev at 68% and the aggregate CoDis at 48%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 33%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at an aggregate of 11.6. Utilizing established recovery technology, the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is an aggregate of  $378 MM. The expected development timeline is 1 to 13 years.

 

Rachee Prospect Based on risk of closure and data quality along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 80% and the CoDis at 80%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 64%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 3.4 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $229 MM with an expected timeline of 8 to 12 years.
Seebach Prospect

Based on risks associated with seal, trap, reservoir and charge along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 65% and the CoDis at 32%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 21%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 2.9 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $17 MM with an expected timeline of 8 years.

Malnoue Prospect Based on reservoir, structure and trap risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 70% and the CoDis at 38%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 27%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 1.3 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $34 MM with an expected timeline of 8 to 14 years.
West Lavergne Prospect Based on structure risk and development timing GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 80% and the CoDis at 70%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 56%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 1.2 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $7 MM with an expected timeline of 3 years.
Champotran Prospect Based on reservoir risk and development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 80% and the CoDis at 64%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 54%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 0.7 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $20 MM with an expected timeline of 8 to 12 years.
Vulaines Prospect Based on reservoir and structure risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 80% and the CoDis at 40%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 32%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 0.5 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $14 MM with an expected timeline of 6 to 8 years.
Phobos Prospect Based on reservoir and closure risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 50% and the CoDis at 50%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 25%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 0.5 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $24 MM with an expected timeline of 7 to 8 years.
Charmottes Prospect Based on reservoir risk and development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 60% and the CoDis at 50%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 30%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 0.5 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $20 MM with an expected timeline of 9 to 11 years.
Bernet Prospect Based on risks associated with reservoir, seal and trap along with economic factors, and development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 50% and the CoDis at 65%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 33%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 0.3 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $7 MM with an expected timeline of 3 to 4 years.
Vert Le Grand Prospect Based on reservoir and structure risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 70% and the CoDis at 28%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 20%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 0.2 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $4 MM with an expected timeline of 4 to 5 years.
Les Genets Prospect Based on reservoir, seal and closure risk, along with economic factors and development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 60% and the CoDis at 16%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 10%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 0.1 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $1 MM with an expected timeline of 7 years.
North Acacias Prospect Based on reservoir, seal and trap risk, along with economic factors and development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 70% and the CoDis at 39%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 27%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 0.07 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $1 MM with an expected timeline of 3 to 4 years.

 

(15)Prospective resources for Germany have been estimated based on the individual prospects outlined below. GLJ has estimated the aggregate CoDev at 69% and the aggregate CoDis at 43%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 30%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at an aggregate of 52.2 mmboe. Utilizing established recovery technology, the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is an aggregate of 339.5 MM. The expected development timeline is 1 to 12 years.

 

Wisselshorst A Prospect Based on seal and trap risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 90%, and the CoDisc at 58%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 52%.Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 14.4 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $92.2MM with an expected timeline of 2 to 9 years.
Ihlow Prospect Based on reservoir, seal and trap risk along with development timing,, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 71%, and the CoDisc at 51%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 36%.Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 7.9 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $55.3MM with an expected timeline of 4 to 6 years.
Wisselshorst B Prospect Based on reservoir, seal and trap risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 90%, and the CoDisc at 50%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 45%.Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 5.9 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $45.2MM with an expected timeline of 4 to 11 years.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 75  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Weissenmoor South

Based on reservoir and trap risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 90%, and the CoDisc at 64%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 57%.Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 3 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $19.3MM with an expected timeline of 2 to 4 years.
Simonswolde South Prospect Based on reservoir, seal and trap risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 71%, and the CoDisc at 48%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 34%.Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 4.9 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $19MM with an expected timeline of 7 to 8 years.
Fallingbostel Based on reservoir, seal and trap risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 90%, and the CoDisc at 29%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 26%.Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 3.4 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $29.7MM with an expected timeline of 3 to 9 years.
Hellwege Based on reservoir and trap risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 90%, and the CoDisc at 40%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 36%.Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 2.9 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $16.2MM with an expected timeline of 3 to 8 years.
Jeddeloh Prospect Based on reservoir, seal and trap risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 38%, and the CoDisc at 32%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 12%.Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 2.9 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $23.3MM with an expected timeline of 3 to 12 years.
Ohlendorf Prospect Based on source and trap risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 58%, and the CoDisc at 30%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 17%.Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 2.4 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $11MM with an expected timeline of 8 to 12 years.
Uphuser Meer Prospect Based on reservoir, seal and trap risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 47%, and the CoDisc at 51%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 24%.Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 2 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $9.9MM with an expected timeline of 5 to 6 years.
Simonswolde North Prospect Based on reservoir, seal and trap risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 62%, and the CoDisc at 45%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 28%.Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 1.7 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $7.3MM with an expected timeline of 5 to 6 years.
Burgmoor Z5 Prospect Based on reservoir, seal and trap risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 63%, and the CoDisc at 52%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 33%.Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 1.3 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $2.8MM with an expected timeline of 1 year.
Ostenholz West Prospect Based on reservoir, seal and trap risk along with development timing,, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 90%, and the CoDisc at 22%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 20%.Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 0.6 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $3.2MM with an expected timeline of 5 to 6 years.
Widdernhausen East Prospect Based on reservoir, seal and trap risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 32%, and the CoDisc at 44%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 14%.Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 0.4 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $2.6MM with an expected timeline of 7 to 11 years.
Wellie Prospect Based on reservoir, seal and source risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 32%, and the CoDisc at 20%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 6%.Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 0.3 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $3.4MM with an expected timeline of 9 years.
Otterstedt Prospect Based on reservoir, seal and trap risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 46%, and the CoDisc at 34%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 16%.Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 0.3 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $3.4MM with an expected timeline of 8 to 12 years.
Ostervesede Prospect Based on reservoir and seal risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 23%, and the CoDisc at 25%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 6%.Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 0.1 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $0.7MM with an expected timeline of 7 to 9 years.

  

(16)Prospective resources for Netherlands have been estimated based on the factors outlined below. GLJ has estimated the aggregate CoDev at 28% and the aggregate CoDis at 39%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 11%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at an aggregate of 15.6 mmboe. Utilizing established recovery technology, the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is an aggregate of 145 MM with an expected timeline of 2 to 15 years.

 

Prospective resources for Netherlands East have been estimated based on the individual areas outlined below. GLJ has estimated the aggregate CoDev at 27% and the aggregate CoDis at 41%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 11%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at an aggregate of 12.6 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is an aggregate of 99 MM with an expected timeline of 2 to 14 years.

 

Chance of discovery provided for 117 prospective reservoir targets across 95 prospective locations. Risk primarily associated with presence of reservoir and seal as region proven to have adequate source, migration and timing to charge target reservoirs.
Chance of development risked to account for company commitment and development timing, anticipated timing for permitting in respective licenses and distance to export (i.e. pipeline/facility requirements to transport gas to sales point). Chance of development is also a function of prospect size.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 76  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

  

70 prospects summed probabilistically across 14 development groups to appropriately allocate required infrastructure capital across multiple prospective targets within reasonable proximity. As probabilistic summation of the groups resulted in strong economic indicators, no further minimum economic field size calculations were applied as they were considered to have nominal impact.

 

Prospective resources for Netherlands West have been estimated based on the factors outlined below. GLJ has estimated the aggregate CoDev at 41% and the aggregate CoDis at 28%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 12%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at an aggregate of 3.0 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is an aggregate of$ 46 MM with an expected timeline of 2 to 12 years.

 

Chance of discovery provided for 35 prospective reservoir targets across 29 prospective locations. Risk primarily associated with presence of reservoir and seal as region proven to have adequate source, migration and timing to charge target reservoirs.
Chance of development risked to account for company commitment and development timing, anticipated timing for permitting in respective licenses and distance to export (i.e. pipeline/facility requirements to transport gas to sales point). Chance of development is also a function of prospect size.
25 prospects summed probabilistically across 8 development groups to appropriately allocate required infrastructure capital across multiple prospective targets within reasonable proximity. As probabilistic summation of the groups resulted in strong economic indicators no further minimum economic field size calculations were applied as they were considered to have nominal impact.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 77  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

  

Appendix B

 

REPORT ON RESERVES DATA BY INDEPENDENT QUALIFIED RESERVES EVALUATOR OR AUDITOR (FORM 51-101F2)

 

To the Board of Directors of Vermilion Energy Inc. (the "Company"):

 

1.We have evaluated the Company’s reserves data as at December 31, 2018. The reserves data are estimates of proved reserves and probable reserves and related future net revenue as at December 31, 2018, estimated using forecast prices and costs.
2.The reserves data are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the reserves data based on our evaluation.
3.We carried out our evaluation in accordance with standards set out in the Canadian Oil and Gas Evaluation Handbook as amended from time to time (the "COGE Handbook") maintained by the Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers (Calgary Chapter).
4.Those standards require that we plan and perform an evaluation to obtain reasonable assurance as to whether the reserves data are free of material misstatement. An evaluation also includes assessing whether the reserves data are in accordance with principles and definitions presented in the COGE Handbook.
5.The following table shows the net present value of future net revenue (before deduction of income taxes) attributed to proved plus probable reserves, estimated using forecast prices and costs and calculated using a discount rate of 10 percent, included in the reserves data of the Company evaluated for the year ended December 2018, and identifies the respective portions thereof that we have evaluated and reported on to the Company's board of directors:

 

Independent Qualified Reserves  Effective Date of
  Location of
Reserves
(Country or Foreign
     

Net Present Value of Future Net Revenue

(before income taxes, 10% discount rate - M$)

 
Evaluator  Evaluation Report  Geographic Area)  Audited   Evaluated   Reviewed   Total 
GLJ Petroleum Consultants  December 31, 2018  Australia       308,956        308,956 
GLJ Petroleum Consultants  December 31, 2018  Canada       3,843,590        3,843,590 
GLJ Petroleum Consultants  December 31, 2018  France       1,732,561        1,732,561 
GLJ Petroleum Consultants  December 31, 2018  Germany       472,948        472,948 
GLJ Petroleum Consultants  December 31, 2018  Hungary       6,802        6,802 
GLJ Petroleum Consultants  December 31, 2018  Ireland       574,544        574,544 
GLJ Petroleum Consultants  December 31, 2018  Netherlands       543,764        543,764 
GLJ Petroleum Consultants  December 31, 2018  USA       716,929        716,929 
Total             8,200,094        8,200,094 

 

6.In our opinion, the reserves data evaluated by us have, in all material respects, been determined and are in accordance with the COGE Handbook, consistently applied. We express no opinion on the reserves data that we reviewed but did not audit or evaluate. 
7.We have no responsibility to update our reports referred to in paragraph 5 for events and circumstances occurring after the effective date of our reports. 
8.Because the reserves data are based on judgments regarding future events, actual results will vary and the variations may be material.

 

EXECUTED as to our reports referred to above:

 

GLJ Petroleum Consultants Ltd., Calgary, Alberta, Canada, February 7, 2019

 

"Jodi L. Anhorn"    
Jodi L. Anhorn, M.Sc., P.Eng.    
Executive Vice President & COO    

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 78  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

  

APPENDIX B - PART 2

 

REPORT ON CONTINGENT RESOURCES DATA AND PROSPECTIVE RESOURCES DATA BY INDEPENDENT QUALIFIED RESERVES EVALUATOR OR AUDITOR (FORM 51-101F2)

 

To the board of directors of Vermilion Energy Inc. (the "Company"):

 

1.We have evaluated the Company's contingent resources data and prospective resources data as at December 31, 2018. The contingent resources data and prospective resources data are risked estimates of volume of contingent resources and prospective resources and related risked net present value of future net revenue as at December 31, 2018, estimated using forecast prices and costs.
2.The contingent resources data and prospective resources data are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the contingent resources data and prospective resources data based on our evaluation. 
3.We carried out our evaluation in accordance with standards set out in the Canadian Oil and Gas Evaluation Handbook as amended from time to time (the "COGE Handbook") maintained by the Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers (Calgary Chapter). 
4.Those standards require that we plan and perform an evaluation to obtain reasonable assurance as to whether the contingent resources data and prospective resources data are free of material misstatement. An evaluation also includes assessing whether the contingent resources data and prospective resources data are in accordance with principles and definitions presented in the COGE Handbook. 
5.The following tables set forth the risked volume and risked net present value of future net revenue of contingent resources and prospective resources (before deduction of income taxes) attributed to contingent resources and prospective resources, estimated using forecast prices and costs and calculated using a discount rate of 10 percent, included in the Company's statement prepared in accordance with Form 51-101F1 and identifies the respective portions of the contingent resources data and prospective resources data that we have evaluated and reported on to the Company's board of directors:

 

Contingent Resources 

 

   Independent Qualified     

Location of
Resources

Other than Reserves

   Risked  

Net Present Value of Future Net

Revenue (before income taxes,

10% discount rate - M$)

 
Classification

Reserves Evaluator or

Auditor

 

Effective Date of

Evaluation Report

 

(Country or Foreign

Geographic Area)

  Volume
(Mboe)
   Audited  Evaluated   Total 
Development Pending Contingent Resources (2C)  GLJ Petroleum Consultants  December 31, 2018  Australia   2,440        44,873    44,873 
Development Pending Contingent Resources (2C)  GLJ Petroleum Consultants  December 31, 2018  Canada   163,898        1,160,177    1,160,177 
Development Pending Contingent Resources (2C)  GLJ Petroleum Consultants  December 31, 2018  CEE   1,126        26,441    26,441 
Development Pending Contingent Resources (2C)  GLJ Petroleum Consultants  December 31, 2018  France   27,724        497,201    497,201 
Development Pending Contingent Resources (2C)  GLJ Petroleum Consultants  December 31, 2018  Germany   6,123        76,561    76,561 
Development Pending Contingent Resources (2C)  GLJ Petroleum Consultants  December 31, 2018  Netherlands   3,416        60,069    60,069 
Development Pending Contingent Resources (2C)  GLJ Petroleum Consultants  December 31, 2018  USA   34,874        397,407    397,407 
Total            239,600        2,262,729    2,262,729 
                              
Classification  Independent Qualified
Reserves Evaluator or
Auditor
  Effective Date of
Evaluation Report
  (Country or Foreign
Geographic Area)
  Risked
Volume
(Mboe)
             
Development Unclarified Contingent Resources (2C)  GLJ Petroleum Consultants  December 31, 2018  Canada   30,604             
Development Unclarified Contingent Resources (2C)  GLJ Petroleum Consultants  December 31, 2018  France   2,539                
Development Unclarified Contingent Resources (2C)  GLJ Petroleum Consultants  December 31, 2018  Germany   249                
Development Unclarified Contingent Resources (2C)  GLJ Petroleum Consultants  December 31, 2018  Netherlands   3,386                
Total            36,779                

  

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 79  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

 

Prospective Resources

 

Classification  Independent Qualified
Reserves Evaluator or
Auditor
  Effective Date of
Evaluation Report
  (Country or Foreign
Geographic Area)
  Risked
Volume
(Mboe)
             
Prospect Prospective Resources  GLJ Petroleum Consultants  December 31, 2018  Australia   545             
Prospect Prospective Resources  GLJ Petroleum Consultants  December 31, 2018  Canada   74,033                
Prospect Prospective Resources  GLJ Petroleum Consultants  December 31, 2018  CEE   7,112                
Prospect Prospective Resources  GLJ Petroleum Consultants  December 31, 2018  France   11,647                
Prospect Prospective Resources  GLJ Petroleum Consultants  December 31, 2018  Germany   52,157                
Prospect Prospective Resources  GLJ Petroleum Consultants  December 31, 2018  Netherlands   15,629                
Total            161,124                

 

6.In our opinion, the contingent resources data and prospective resources data respectively evaluated by us have, in all material respects, been determined and are in accordance with the COGE Handbook, consistently applied. We express no opinion on the contingent resources data and prospective resources that we reviewed but did not audit or evaluate.
7.We have no responsibility to update our reports referred to in paragraph 5 for events and circumstances occurring after the effective date of our reports.
8.Because the contingent resources data and prospective resources data are based on judgments regarding future events, actual results will vary and the variations may be material.

 

EXECUTED as to our reports referred to above:

 

GLJ Petroleum Consultants Ltd., Calgary, Alberta, Canada, February 7, 2019

 

"Jodi L. Anhorn"    
Jodi L. Anhorn, M.Sc., P.Eng.    
Executive Vice President & COO    

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 80  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

  

Appendix C

 

REPORT OF MANAGEMENT AND DIRECTORS ON RESERVES DATA AND OTHER INFORMATION (FORM 51-101F3)

 

Terms to which a meaning is ascribed in National Instrument 51-101 have the same meaning herein.

 

Management of Vermilion Energy Inc. (the "Company") are responsible for the preparation and disclosure, or arranging for the preparation and disclosure of information with respect to the Company's oil and gas activities in accordance with securities regulatory requirements. This information includes reserves data, and includes contingent resources data and prospective resources data, which are estimates of proved reserves and probable reserves and related future net revenue as at December 31, 2018, estimated using forecast prices and costs.

 

Independent qualified reserves evaluators have evaluated the Company's reserves data, contingent resources data and prospective resources data. The report of the independent qualified reserves evaluators is presented in Appendix A to the Annual Information Form of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2018.

 

The Independent Reserves Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company has:

 

(a)reviewed the Company's procedures for providing information to the independent qualified reserves evaluators;
(b)met with the independent qualified reserves evaluators to determine whether any restrictions affected the ability of the independent qualified reserves evaluators to report without reservation; and
(c)reviewed the reserves data, contingent resources data and prospective resources data with Management and the independent qualified reserves evaluators.

 

The Independent Reserves Committee of the Board of Directors has reviewed the Company's procedures for assembling and reporting other information associated with oil and gas activities and has reviewed that information with Management. The Board of Directors has, on the recommendation of the Audit and Independent Reserves Committees, approved:

 

(a)the content and filing with securities regulatory authorities of Form 51-101F1 containing reserves data, contingent resources data and prospective resources data and other oil and gas information;
(b)the filing of Form 51-101F2 which is the report of the independent qualified reserves evaluators on the reserves data; and
(c)the content and filing of this report.

 

Because the reserves data, contingent resources data and prospective resources data are based on judgments regarding future events, actual results will vary and the variations may be material.

 

“Anthony Marino”  
Anthony Marino, President & Chief Executive Officer  
   
"Lars Glemser"  
Lars Glemser, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer  
   
“Lorenzo Donadeo”  
Lorenzo Donadeo, Director and Chairman of the Board  
   
“William Roby”  
William Roby, Director  

 

February 27, 2019

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 81  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

  

Appendix D

 

TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE AUDIT COMMITTEE

 

I.PURPOSE

 

The primary function of the Audit Committee (the "Committee") is to assist the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities with respect to the Company’s accounting and financing reporting processes and the audit of the Company’s financial statements, including oversight of:

 

A.the integrity of the Company’s financial statements;
B.the Company’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements;
C.the independent auditors’ qualifications and independence;
D.the financial information that will be provided to the Shareholders and others;
E.the Company’s systems of disclosure controls and internal controls regarding finance, accounting, legal compliance and ethics, which management and the Board have established;
F.the performance of the Company’s audit processes; and
G.such other matters required by applicable laws and rules of any stock exchange on which the Company’s shares are listed for trading.

 

While the Committee has the responsibilities and powers set forth in its terms of reference, it is not the duty of the Committee to prepare financial statements, plan or conduct audits or to determine that the Company’s financial statements and disclosures are complete and accurate and are in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards and applicable rules and regulations. Primary responsibility for the financial reporting, information systems, risk management, and disclosure controls and internal controls of the Company is vested in management.

 

II.COMPOSITION AND OPERATIONS

 

A.The Committee shall be composed of not fewer than three directors and not more than five directors, all of whom are “independent”1 under the requirements or guidelines for audit committee service under applicable securities laws and rules of any stock exchange on which the Company’s shares are listed for trading.
B.All Committee members shall be "financially literate,"2 and at least one member shall have "accounting or related financial expertise" as such terms are interpreted by the Board in its business judgment in light of, and in accordance with, the requirements or guidelines for audit committee service under applicable securities laws and rules of any stock exchange on which the Company’s shares are listed for trading. The Committee may include a member who is not financially literate, provided he or she attains this status within a reasonable period of time following his or her appointment and providing the Board has determined that including such member will not materially adversely affect the ability of the Committee to act independently.
C.No Committee member shall serve on the audit committees of more than two other public issuers without prior determination by the Board that such simultaneous service would not impair the ability of such member to serve effectively on the Committee.
D.The Committee shall operate in a manner that is consistent with the Committee Guidelines outlined in Tab 8 of the Board Manual.
E.The Company's auditors shall be advised of the names of the Committee members and will receive notice of and be invited to attend meetings of the Committee, and to be heard at those meetings on matters relating to the auditor's duties.
F.The Committee may request any officer or employee of the Company, or the Company’s legal counsel, or any external or internal auditors to attend a meeting of the Committee to provide such pertinent information as the Committee requests or to meet with any members of, or consultants to the Committee. The Committee has the authority to communicate directly with the internal and external auditors as it deems appropriate to consider any matter that the Committee or auditors determine should be brought to the attention of the Board or Shareholders.
G.The Committee shall have the authority to select, retain, terminate and approve the fees and other retention terms of special independent legal counsel and other consultants or advisers to advise the Committee, as it deems necessary or appropriate, at the Company’s expense.

 

1 Committee members must be “independent”, as defined in Sections 1.4 and 1.5 of National Instrument 52-110 and ‘‘independent’’ under the requirements of Rule 10A-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 303A.06 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual.
   
2 The Board has adopted the NI 52-110 definition of "financial literacy", which is an individual is financially literate if he or she has the ability to read and understand a set of financial statements that present a breadth and level of complexity of accounting issues that are generally comparable to the breadth and complexity of the issues that can reasonably be expected to be raised by the issuer's financial statements.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 82  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

  

APPENDIX D

TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE AUDIT COMMITTEE (CONTINUED)

 

H.The Company shall provide for appropriate funding, as determined by the Committee, for payment of (i) compensation to the independent auditors engaged for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or performing other audit review or attest services for the Company, (ii) compensation to any advisers employed by the Committee and (iii) ordinary administrative expenses of the Committee that are necessary or appropriate for carrying out its duties.

 

I.The Committee shall meet at least four times each year.

 

III.DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

 

Subject to the powers and duties of the Board, the Committee will perform the following duties:

 

A.Financial Statements and Other Financial Information

 

The Committee will review and recommend for approval to the Board financial information that will be made publicly available. This includes the responsibility to:

 

i)review and recommend approval of the Company's annual financial statements, MD&A and earnings press release and report to the Board of Directors before the statements are approved by the Board of Directors;
ii)review and recommend approval for release the Company's quarterly financial statements, MD&A and press releases, as well as financial information and earnings guidance provided to analysts and rating agencies;
iii)satisfy itself that adequate procedures are in place for the review of the public disclosure of financial information extracted or derived from the Company's financial statements, other than the public disclosure referred to in items (i) and (ii) above, and periodically assess the adequacy of those procedures; and
iv)review the Annual Information Form and any Prospectus/Private Placement Memorandums.

 

Review, and where appropriate, discuss:

 

v)the appropriateness of critical accounting policies and financial reporting practices used by the Company;
vi)major issues regarding accounting principles and financial statement presentations, including any significant proposed changes in financial reporting and accounting principles, policies and practices to be adopted by the Company and major issues as to the adequacy of the Company’s internal controls and any special audit steps adopted in light of material control deficiencies;
vii)analyses prepared by management or the external auditor setting forth significant financial reporting issues and judgments made in connection with the preparation of the financial statements, including analyses of the effects of alternative International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) methods on the financial statements of the Company and any other opinions sought by management from an independent or other audit firm or advisor with respect to the accounting treatment of a particular item;
viii)any management letter or schedule of unadjusted differences provided by the external auditor and the Company’s response to that letter and other material written communication between the external auditor and management;
ix)any problems, difficulties or differences encountered in the course of the audit work including any disagreements with management or restrictions on the scope of the external auditor’s activities or on access to requested information and management’s response thereto;
x)any new or pending developments in accounting and reporting standards that may affect the Company;
xi)the effect of regulatory and accounting initiatives, as well as any off-balance sheet structures on the financial statements of the Company and other financial disclosures;
xii)any reserves, accruals, provisions or estimates that may have a significant effect upon the financial statements of the Company;
xiii)the use of special purpose entities and the business purpose and economic effect of off balance sheet transactions, arrangements, obligations, guarantees and other relationships of Company and their impact on the reported financial results of the Company;
xiv)the use of any “pro forma” or “adjusted” information not in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
xv)any litigation, claim or contingency, including tax assessments, that could have a material effect upon the financial position of the Company, and the manner in which these matters may be, or have been, disclosed in the financial statements; and
xvi)accounting, tax and financial aspects of the operations of the Company as the Committee considers appropriate.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 83  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

  

APPENDIX D

TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE AUDIT COMMITTEE (CONTINUED)

 

B.Risk Management, Internal Control and Information Systems

 

The Committee will review and discuss with management, and obtain reasonable assurance that the risk management, internal control and information systems are operating effectively to produce accurate, appropriate and timely management and financial information. This includes the responsibility to:

 

i)review the Company's risk management controls and policies with specific responsibility for Credit & Counterparty, Market & Financial, Political and Strategic & Repatriation risks;
ii)obtain reasonable assurance that the information systems are reliable and the systems of internal controls are properly designed and effectively implemented through separate and periodic discussions with and reports from management, the internal auditor and external auditor; and
iii)review management steps to implement and maintain appropriate internal control procedures including a review of policies.

 

C.External Audit

 

The external auditor is required to report directly to the Committee, which will review the planning and results of external audit activities and the ongoing relationship with the external auditor. This includes:

 

i)review and recommend to the Board, for Shareholder approval, the appointment of the external auditor;
ii)review and approve the annual external audit plan, including but not limited to the following:
a)engagement letter between the external auditor and financial management of the Company;
b)objectives and scope of the external audit work;
c)procedures for quarterly review of financial statements;
d)materiality limit;
e)areas of audit risk;
f)staffing;
g)timetable; and
h)compensation and fees to be paid by the Company to the external auditor.
iii)meet with the external auditor to discuss the Company's quarterly and annual financial statements and the auditor's report including the appropriateness of accounting policies and underlying estimates;
iv)maintain oversight of the external auditor's work and advise the Board, including but not limited to:
a)the resolution of any disagreements between management and the external auditor regarding financial reporting;
b)any significant accounting or financial reporting issue;
c)the auditors' evaluation of the Company's system of internal controls, procedures and documentation;

the post audit or management letter containing any findings or recommendation of the external auditor, including management's response thereto and the subsequent follow-up to any identified internal control weaknesses;

d)any other matters the external auditor brings to the Committee's attention; and
e)evaluate and assess the qualifications and performance of the external auditors for recommendation to the Board as to the appointment or reappointment of the external auditor to be proposed for approval by the Shareholders, and ensuring that such auditors are participants in good standing pursuant to applicable regulatory laws.
v)review the auditor's report on all material subsidiaries;
vi)review and discuss with the external auditors all significant relationships that the external auditors and their affiliates have with the Company and its affiliates in order to determine the external auditors' independence, including, without limitation:
a)requesting, receiving and reviewing, on a periodic basis, a formal written statement from the external auditors, including a list of all relationships between the external auditor and the Company that may reasonably be thought to bear on the independence of the external auditors with respect to the Company;
b)discussing with the external auditors any disclosed relationships or services that the external auditors believe may affect the objectivity and independence of the external auditors; and
c)recommending that the Board take appropriate action in response to the external auditors' report to satisfy itself of the external auditors' independence.
vii)annually request and review a report from the external auditor regarding (a) the external auditor’s quality-control procedures, (b) any material issues raised by the most recent quality-control review, or peer review, of the external auditor, or by any inquiry or investigation by governmental or professional authorities within the preceding five years respecting one or more independent audits carried out by the firm, and (c) any steps taken to deal with any such issues;
viii)review and pre-approve any non-audit services to be provided to the Company or any affiliates by the external auditor's firm or its affiliates (including estimated fees), and consider the impact on the independence of the external audit;
ix)review the disclosure with respect to its pre-approval of audit and non-audit services provided by the external auditors; and

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 84  ■  2018 Annual Information Form

 

  

APPENDIX D

TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE AUDIT COMMITTEE (CONTINUED)

 

x)meet periodically, and at least annually, with the external auditor without management present.

 

D.Compliance

 

The Committee shall:

i)Ensure that the external auditor's fees are disclosed by category in the Annual Information Form in compliance with regulatory requirements;
ii)Disclose any specific policies or procedures adopted for pre-approving non-audit services by the external auditor including affirmation that they meet regulatory requirements;
iii)Assist the Governance and Human Resources Committee with preparing the Company's governance disclosure by ensuring it has current and accurate information on:
a)the independence of each Committee member relative to regulatory requirements for audit committees;
b)the state of financial literacy of each Committee member, including the name of any member(s) currently in the process of acquiring financial literacy and when they are expected to attain this status; and
c)the education and experience of each Committee member relevant to his or her responsibilities as Committee member.
iv)Disclose, if required, if the Company has relied upon any exemptions to the requirements for committees under applicable securities laws and rules of any stock exchange on which the Company’s shares are listed for trading.

 

E.Other

 

The Committee shall:

 

i)establish and periodically review procedures for:
a)the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by the Company regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, or auditing matters; and
b)the confidential, anonymous submission by employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters or other matters that could negatively affect the Company, such as violations of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics.
ii)review and approve the Company's hiring policies regarding partners, employees and former partners and employees of the present and former external auditor;
iii)review insurance coverage of significant business risks and uncertainties;
iv)review material litigation and its impact on financial reporting;
v)review policies and procedures for the review and approval of officers' expenses and perquisites;
vi)review the policies and practices concerning the expenses and perquisites of the Chairman, including the use of the assets of the Company;
vii)review with external auditors any corporate transactions in which directors or officers of the Company have a personal interest; and
viii)review the terms of reference for the Committee at least annually and otherwise as it deems appropriate, and recommend changes to the Board as required. The Committee shall evaluate its performance with reference to the terms of reference annually.

 

IV.ACCOUNTABILITY

 

D.The Committee Chair has the responsibility to make periodic reports to the Board, as requested, on financial and other matters considered by the Committee relative to the Company.

 

E.The Committee shall report its discussions to the Board by maintaining minutes of its meetings and providing an oral report at the next Board meeting.

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.  ■  Page 85  ■  2018 Annual Information Form