EX-99.1 2 tv484609_ex99-1.htm EXHIBIT 99.1

 

Exhibit 99.1

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

2017 ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM

 

For the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Dated February 28, 2018

 

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

GLOSSARY OF TERMS 4
Conventions 6
Abbreviations 6
Conversion 6
SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS 7
PRESENTATION OF OIL AND GAS RESERVES AND PRODUCTION INFORMATION 9
Contingent Resources 9
Prospective Resources 10
NON-GAAP MEASURES 10
VERMILION ENERGY INC. 11
General 11
Organizational Structure of the Company 11
DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS 12
Operating Segments and Description of Properties 12
GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUSINESS 16
Three Year History and Outlook 16
STATEMENT OF RESERVES DATA AND OTHER OIL AND GAS INFORMATION 19
Reserves and Future Net Revenue 19
Reconciliations of Changes in Reserves 29
Undeveloped Reserves 37
Timing of Initial Undeveloped Reserves Assignment 37
Future Development Costs 38
Oil and Gas Properties and Wells 39
Costs Incurred 40
Acreage 40
Exploration and Development Activities 41
Properties with No Attributed Reserves 42
Tax Information 43
Production Estimates 44
Production History 45
Marketing 49
DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS 50
Directors 50
Officers 52
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE 53
Credit Ratings 53
Common Shares 54
Cash Dividends 54
Premium Dividend and Dividend Reinvestment Plan 55
Shareholder Rights Plan 56
MARKET FOR SECURITIES 57
AUDIT COMMITTEE MATTERS 58
Audit Committee Charter 58
Composition of the Audit Committee 58
External Audit Service Fees 59
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST 59
INTEREST OF MANAGEMENT AND OTHERS IN MATERIAL TRANSACTIONS 59
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 59
MATERIAL CONTRACTS 59
INTERESTS OF EXPERTS 59
TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR 60

 

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

RISK FACTORS 60
Reserve Estimates 60
Uncertainty of Contingent Resource Estimates 60
Uncertainty of Prospective Resource Estimates 61
Volatility of Oil and Natural Gas Prices 61
Reputational Risks Relating to Environmental Matters 61
Changes in Tax, Royalty and Other Government Incentive Program Legislation 61
Government Regulations 61
Political Events and Terrorist Attacks 62
Competition 62
International Operations and Future Geographical/Industry Expansion 62
Operational Matters 62
Hydraulic Fracturing 63
Reliance on Key Personnel, Management and Labour 63
Environmental Legislation 63
Discretionary Nature of Dividends 64
Debt Service 64
Depletion of Reserves 65
Net Asset Value 65
Volatility of Market Price of Common Shares 65
Variations in Interest Rates and Foreign Exchange Rates 65
Increase in Operating Costs or Decline in Production Level 65
Acquisition Assumptions 66
Failure to Realize Anticipated Benefits of Prior Acquisitions 67
Additional Financing 67
Potential Conflicts of Interest 67
Hedging Arrangements 67
Accounting Adjustments 68
Ineffective Internal Controls 68
Market Accessibility 68
Cost of New Technology 68
Cyber Security 68
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION 69
APPENDIX A 70
CONTINGENT RESOURCES 70
PROSPECTIVE RESOURCES 75
APPENDIX B 81
REPORT ON RESERVES DATA BY INDEPENDENT QUALIFIED RESERVES EVALUATOR OR AUDITOR (FORM 51-101F2) 81
REPORT ON CONTINGENT RESOURCES DATA AND PROSPECTIVE RESOURCES DATA BY INDEPENDENT QUALIFIED RESERVES EVALUATOR OR AUDITOR (FORM 51-101F2) 82
APPENDIX C 84
REPORT OF MANAGEMENT AND DIRECTORS ON RESERVES DATA AND OTHER INFORMATION (FORM 51-101F3) 84
APPENDIX D 85
TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE AUDIT COMMITTEE 85

 

 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

 

In addition to terms defined elsewhere in this annual information form, the following are defined terms used in this annual information form:

 

“2003 Arrangement” means the plan of arrangement under the ABCA involving the Trust, Vermilion Resources Ltd., Clear Energy Inc. and Vermilion Acquisition Ltd., which was completed on January 22, 2003;

 

“ABCA” means the Business Corporations Act (Alberta), R.S.A. 2000, c. B-9, as amended, including the regulations promulgated thereunder;

 

“AIF” means this Annual Information Form and the appendices attached hereto;

 

“Affiliate” when used to indicate a relationship with a person or company, has the same meaning as set forth in the Securities Act (Alberta);

 

“Board of Directors” or “board” means the board of directors of Vermilion;

 

“CGUs” means cash generating units and based on management’s judgement, represents the lowest level at which there is identifiable cash inflows that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other groups of assets or properties;

 

“Common Shares” means a common share in the capital of the Company;

 

“Contingent Resources” are those quantities of petroleum estimated, as of a given date, to be potentially recoverable from known accumulations using established technology or technology under development, but which are not currently considered to be commercially recoverable due to one or more contingencies;

 

“Control” means, with respect to control of a body corporate by a person, the holding (other than by way of security) by or for the benefit of that person of securities of that body corporate to which are attached more than 50% of the votes that may be cast to elect directors of the body corporate (whether or not securities of any other class or classes shall or might be entitled to vote upon the happening of any event or contingency) provided that such votes, if exercised, are sufficient to elect a majority of the board of directors of the body corporate;

 

“Conversion Arrangement” means the plan of arrangement effected on September 1, 2010 under section 193 of the ABCA pursuant to which the Trust converted from an income trust to a corporate structure, and Unitholders exchanged their Trust Units for common shares of the Company on a one-for-one basis and holders of exchangeable shares of Vermilion Resources Ltd., previously a subsidiary of the company ("VRL"), received 1.89344 common shares for each exchangeable share held;

 

“Dividend” means a dividend paid by Vermilion in respect of the common shares, expressed as an amount per common share;

 

“Dividend Payment Date” means any date that Dividends are paid to Shareholders, generally being the 15th day of the calendar month following the determination of a Dividend Record Date;

 

“Dividend Record Date” means the the date on which a shareholder must hold the stock to receive the applicable dividend;

 

“GLJ” means GLJ Petroleum Consultants Ltd., independent petroleum engineering consultants of Calgary, Alberta;

 

“GLJ Report” means the independent engineering reserves evaluation of certain oil, NGL and natural gas interests of the Company prepared by GLJ dated February 1, 2018 and effective December 31, 2017;

 

“GLJ Resource Assessment” means the independent engineering resource evaluation prepared by GLJ to assess contingent and prospective resources across all of the Company’s key operating regions with an effective date of December 31, 2017;

 

“IFRS” means International Financial Reporting Standards or, alternatively, “GAAP”, as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board;

 

 4 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

“Income Tax Act” or “Tax Act” means the Income Tax Act (Canada), R.S.C. 1985, c. 1. (5th Supp.), as amended, including the regulations promulgated thereunder;

 

“Meeting” means the annual meeting of Shareholders of the Company to be held on April 26, 2018 (or, if adjourned, such other date on which the meeting is held);

 

“NYSE” means New York Stock Exchange;

 

“PRRT” means Petroleum Resource Rent Tax, a profit based tax levied on petroleum projects in Australia;

 

“Plan” means the Premium DividendTM and Dividend Reinvestment Plan of the Company dated effective February 27, 2015, as amended or supplemented from time to time;

 

“Prospective Resources” are those quantities of petroleum estimated, as of a given date, to be potentially recoverable from undiscovered accumulations by application of future development projects;

 

“Rights Plan” means the Shareholder Rights Plan of the Company;

 

“Shareholders” means holders from time to time of the Company’s common shares;

 

“Shareholder Rights Plan Agreement” means the Shareholder Rights Plan Agreement dated September 1, 2010 between the Company and Computershare Trust Company of Canada establishing the Rights Plan, as amended and restated as of May 1, 2013 and as amended or supplemented from time to time;

 

“Subsidiary” means, in relation to any person, any body corporate, partnership, joint venture, association or other entity of which more than 50% of the total voting power of common shares or units of ownership or beneficial interest entitled to vote in the election of directors (or members of a comparable governing body) is owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by such person;

 

“TSX” means the Toronto Stock Exchange;

 

“Trust” means Vermilion Energy Trust, an unincorporated open-ended investment trust governed by the laws of the Province of Alberta that was dissolved and ceased to exist pursuant to the Conversion Arrangement;

 

“Trust Unit” means units in the capital of the Trust;

 

“Unitholders” means former unitholders of the Trust;

 

“Vermilion” or the “Company” means Vermilion Energy Inc. and where context allows, its consolidated business enterprise, except that a reference to “Vermilion” prior to the date of the Conversion Arrangement means the consolidated business enterprise of the Trust, unless otherwise indicated.

 

 5 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Conventions

 

Unless otherwise indicated, references herein to "$" or "dollars" are to Canadian dollars. All financial information herein has been presented in Canadian dollars in accordance with IFRS.

 

Abbreviations

 

Oil and Natural Gas Liquids
bbl barrel
Mbbl thousand barrels
bbl/d barrels per day
NGLs natural gas liquids
Natural Gas
Mcf thousand cubic feet
MMcf million cubic feet
Mcf/d thousand cubic feet per day
MMcf/d million cubic feet per day
MMBtu million British Thermal Units
Other
°API An indication of the specific gravity of crude oil measured on the API (American Petroleum Institute) gravity scale.
  Liquid petroleum with a specified gravity of 28 °API or higher is generally referred to as light crude oil.
boe barrel of oil equivalent
M$ thousand dollars
MM$ million dollars
Mboe 1,000 barrels of oil equivalent
MMboe million barrels of oil equivalent
WTI West Texas Intermediate, the reference price paid in U.S. dollars at Cushing, Oklahoma for crude oil of standard grade.
TTF the day-ahead price for natural gas in the Netherlands, quoted in MWh of natural gas, at the Title Transfer Facility Virtual Trading Point operated by Dutch TSO Gas Transport Services
NBP the reference price paid for natural gas in the United Kingdom, quoted in pence per therm, at the National Balancing Point Virtual Trading Point operated by National Grid
AECO the daily average benchmark price for natural gas at the AECO ‘C’ hub in southeast Alberta

 

Conversion

 

The following table sets forth certain standard conversions from Standard Imperial Units to the International System of Units (or metric units).

 

To Convert From To Multiply By
Mcf Cubic metres 28.174
Cubic metres Cubic feet 35.494
bbls Cubic metres 0.159
Cubic metres bbls oil 6.290
Feet Metres 0.305
Metres Feet 3.281
Miles Kilometres 1.609
Kilometres Miles 0.621
Acres Hectares 0.405
Hectares Acres 2.471

 

 6 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

Certain statements included or incorporated by reference in this annual information form may constitute forward looking statements or financial outlooks under applicable securities legislation. Such forward looking statements or information typically contain statements with words such as "anticipate", "believe", "expect", "plan", "intend", "estimate", "propose", or similar words suggesting future outcomes or statements regarding an outlook. Forward looking statements or information in this annual information form may include, but are not limited to:

 

capital expenditures;
business strategies and objectives;
estimated reserve quantities and the discounted present value of future net cash flows from such reserves;
petroleum and natural gas sales;
future production levels (including the timing thereof) and rates of average annual production growth, estimated contingent and prospective resources;
exploration and development plans;
acquisition and disposition plans and the timing thereof;
operating and other expenses, including the payment of future dividends;
royalty and income tax rates;
the timing of regulatory proceedings and approvals; and
the estimate of Vermilion’s share of the expected natural gas production from the Corrib field.

 

Such forward-looking statements or information are based on a number of assumptions all or any of which may prove to be incorrect. In addition to any other assumptions identified in this document, assumptions have been made regarding, among other things:

 

the ability of the Company to obtain equipment, services and supplies in a timely manner to carry out its activities in Canada and internationally;
the ability of the Company to market crude oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas successfully to current and new customers;
the timing and costs of pipeline and storage facility construction and expansion and the ability to secure adequate product transportation;
the timely receipt of required regulatory approvals;
the ability of the Company to obtain financing on acceptable terms;
foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates;
future crude oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas prices; and
Management’s expectations relating to the timing and results of development activities.

 

Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in such forward looking statements or information are reasonable, undue reliance should not be placed on forward looking statements because the Company can give no assurance that such expectations will prove to be correct. Financial outlooks are provided for the purpose of understanding the Company’s financial strength and business objectives and the information may not be appropriate for other purposes. Forward looking statements or information are based on current expectations, estimates and projections that involve a number of risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated by the Company and described in the forward looking statements or information. These risks and uncertainties include but are not limited to:

 

the ability of management to execute its business plan;
the risks of the oil and gas industry, both domestically and internationally, such as operational risks in exploring for, developing and producing crude oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas;
risks and uncertainties involving geology of crude oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas deposits;
risks inherent in the Company's marketing operations, including credit risk;
the uncertainty of reserves estimates and reserves life and estimates of contingent resources and estimates of prospective resources and associated expenditures;
the uncertainty of estimates and projections relating to production, costs and expenses;
potential delays or changes in plans with respect to exploration or development projects or capital expenditures;
the Company's ability to enter into or renew leases on acceptable terms;
fluctuations in crude oil, natural gas liquids and natural gas prices, foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates;
health, safety and environmental risks;

 

 7 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

uncertainties as to the availability and cost of financing;
the ability of the Company to add production and reserves through exploration and development activities;
general economic and business conditions;
the possibility that government policies or laws may change or governmental approvals may be delayed or withheld;
uncertainty in amounts and timing of royalty payments;
risks associated with existing and potential future law suits and regulatory actions against the Company; and
other risks and uncertainties described elsewhere in this annual information form or in the Company's other filings with Canadian securities authorities.

 

The forward-looking statements or information contained in this annual information form are made as of the date hereof and the Company undertakes no obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statements or information, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, unless required by applicable securities laws.

 

 8 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

PRESENTATION OF OIL AND GAS RESERVES AND PRODUCTION INFORMATION

 

All oil and natural gas reserve information contained in this annual information form is derived from the GLJ Report and has been prepared and presented in accordance with the Canadian Oil and Gas Evaluation Handbook (“COGEH”) and National Instrument 51-101 Standards of Disclosure for Oil and Gas Activities ("NI 51-101"). The actual oil and natural gas reserves and future production will be greater than or less than the estimates provided in this annual information form. The estimated future net revenue from the production of the disclosed oil and natural gas reserves does not represent the fair market value of these reserves.

 

Natural gas volumes have been converted on the basis of six thousand cubic feet of natural gas to one barrel of oil equivalent. Barrels of oil equivalent (“boe”) may be misleading, particularly if used in isolation. A boe conversion ratio of six thousand cubic feet of natural gas to one barrel of oil is based on an energy equivalency conversion method primarily applicable at the burner tip and does not represent a value equivalency at the wellhead.

 

Contingent Resources

 

"Contingent resources" are not, and should not be confused with, petroleum and natural gas reserves. "Contingent resources" are defined in COGEH as those quantities of petroleum estimated, as of a given date, to be potentially recoverable from known accumulations using established technology or technology under development, but which are not currently considered to be commercially recoverable due to one or more contingencies. Contingencies may include factors such as economic, legal, environmental, political and regulatory matters or a lack of markets. It is also appropriate to classify as contingent resource the estimated discovered recoverable quantities associated with a project in the early evaluation stage.

 

The primary contingencies which currently prevent the classification of Vermilion’s contingent resource as reserves include but are not limited to:

 

preparation of firm development plans, including determination of the specific scope and timing of projects;
project sanction;
access to capital markets;
shareholder and regulatory approvals as applicable;
access to required services and field development infrastructure;
oil and natural gas prices in Canada and internationally in jurisdictions in which Vermilion operates;
demonstration of economic viability;
future drilling program and testing results;
further reservoir delineation and studies;
facility design work;
corporate commitment;
development timing;
limitations to development based on adverse topography or other surface restrictions; and
the uncertainty regarding marketing and transportation of petroleum from development areas.

 

There is no certainty that it will be commercially viable to produce any portion of the contingent resources or that Vermilion will produce any portion of the volumes currently classified as contingent resources. The estimates of contingent resources involve implied assessment, based on certain estimates and assumptions, that the contingent resources described exists in the quantities predicted or estimated and that the contingent resources can be profitably produced in the future.  The net present value of the future net revenue from the contingent resources does not necessarily represent the fair market value of the contingent resources.  Actual contingent resources (and any volumes that may be reclassified as reserves) and future production therefrom may be greater than or less than the estimates provided herein.

 

 9 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Prospective Resources

 

“Prospective resources" are not, and should not be confused with, petroleum and natural gas reserves. "Prospective resources" are defined in COGEH as those quantities of petroleum estimated, as of a given date, to be potentially recoverable from undiscovered accumulations by application of future development projects.

 

There is no certainty that any portion of the prospective resources will be discovered. If discovered, there is no certainty that it will be commercially viable to produce any portion of the prospective resources or that Vermilion will produce any portion of the volumes currently classified as prospective resources. The estimates of prospective resources involve implied assessment, based on certain estimates and assumptions, that the resources described exists in the quantities predicted or estimated and that the resources can be profitably produced in the future. The net present value of the future net revenue from the prospective resources does not necessarily represent the fair market value of the prospective resources.  The recovery and resources estimates provided herein are estimates only. Actual prospective resources (and any volumes that may be reclassified as reserves or contingent resources) and future production from such prospective resources may be greater than or less than the estimates provided herein.

 

NON-GAAP MEASURES

 

This annual information form includes non-GAAP measures as further described herein. Management of the Company believes these non-GAAP measures are a useful tool in analyzing operating performance. These measures do not have standardized meanings prescribed by GAAP and are not disclosed in Vermilion’s audited consolidated financial statements and, therefore, may not be comparable with the calculations of similar measures for other entities.

 

“Cash dividends per share” represents actual cash dividends paid per share by the Company during the relevant periods.

 

"Capital expenditures" represents the sum of drilling and development and exploration and evaluation. Vermilion considers capital expenditures to be a useful measure of our investment in our existing asset base. Capital expenditures are also referred to as E&D capital.

 

"Fund flows from operations" represents a measure of profit or loss in accordance with IFRS 8 “Operating Segments”.  Vermilion analyzes fund flows from operations both on a consolidated basis and on a business unit basis in order to assess the contribution of each business unit to our ability to generate income necessary to pay dividends, repay debt, fund asset retirement obligations and make capital investments.

 

"Netbacks" represents a per boe and per mcf performance measures used in the analysis of operational activities.  Vermilion assesses netbacks both on a consolidated basis and on a business unit basis in order to compare and assess the operational and financial performance of each business unit versus other business units and also versus third party crude oil and natural gas producers.

 

 10 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

VERMILION ENERGY INC.

 

General

 

Vermilion Energy Inc. is the successor to the Trust, following the completion of the Conversion Arrangement whereby the Trust converted from an income trust to a corporate structure by way of a court approved plan of arrangement under the ABCA on September 1, 2010.

 

As at December 31, 2017, Vermilion had 505 full time employees of which 172 employees were located in its Calgary head office, 55 employees in its Canadian field offices, 149 employees in France, 59 employees in the Netherlands, 31 employees in Australia, 9 employees in the United States, 24 employees in Germany, 5 employees in Hungary and 1 employee in Croatia.

 

Vermilion was incorporated on July 21, 2010 pursuant to the provisions of the ABCA for the purpose of facilitating the Conversion Arrangement.  The registered and head office of Vermilion Energy Inc. is located at Suite 3500, 520 – 3rd Avenue S.W., Calgary, Alberta, T2P 0R3.

 

Organizational Structure of the Company

 

The following diagram shows the intercorporate relationships among the Company and each of its material subsidiaries, where each material subsidiary was incorporated or formed and the percentage of votes attaching to all voting securities of each material subsidiary beneficially owned directly or indirectly by Vermilion. Reference should be made to the appropriate sections of this annual information form for a complete description of the structure of the Company.

 

 

Note:

(1)Vermilion Energy Ireland Limited is the Irish Branch of a Cayman Islands incorporated company.

 

 11 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

DESCRIPTION OF THE BUSINESS

 

Vermilion is an international energy producer that seeks to create value through the acquisition, exploration, development and optimization of producing properties in North America, Europe and Australia. Vermilion focuses on the exploitation of light oil and liquids-rich natural gas conventional resource plays in Canada and the United States, the exploration and development of high impact natural gas opportunities in the Netherlands and Germany, and oil drilling and workover programs in France and Australia. Vermilion currently holds an 18.5% non-operated working interest in the Corrib gas field in Ireland.

 

Vermilion's priorities are health and safety, the environment, and profitability, in that order. Nothing is more important to us than the safety of the public and those who work with us, and the protection of our natural surroundings. Vermilion has been recognized as a top decile performer amongst Canadian publicly listed companies in governance practices, as a Climate Leadership Level performer by the CDP (formerly the Carbon Disclosure Project), and a Best Workplace in the Great Place to Work® Institute's annual rankings in Canada, France, the Netherlands and Germany. Vermilion emphasizes strategic community investment in each of our operating areas.

 

Operating Segments and Description of Properties(1)

 

Vermilion has operations in three core areas: North America, Europe and Australia. Vermilion's business within these regions is managed at the country level through business units which form the basis of the Company's operating segments. These operating segments, as well as a description of the material oil and natural gas properties, facilities and installations in which Vermilion has an interest, are discussed below. For a discussion of the competitive conditions affecting Vermilion’s business, refer to "Competition" in the Risk Factors section of this AIF.

 

Canada Business Unit

 

Vermilion’s Canadian production is primarily focused in three areas of Alberta: West Pembina, Slave Lake and Central Alberta and in the Northgate Region of southeast Saskatchewan. Vermilion's main liquids rich gas producing asset is the Mannville condensate play in the West Pembina area. The Cardium light crude oil play in West Pembina is the main oil producing area, along with the Northgate and Slave Lake oil producing areas. Vermilion’s main natural gas producing areas are West Pembina and Central Alberta.

 

Vermilion holds an average 74% working interest in approximately 445,700 (330,900 net) acres of developed land, and an average 87% working interest in approximately 430,800 (376,400 net) acres of undeveloped land. Vermilion had 523 (375 net) producing natural gas wells and 639 (475 net) producing oil wells in Canada as at December 31, 2017.

 

Vermilion owns and operates three natural gas plants and has an ownership interest in six additional plants, resulting in combined gross natural gas processing capacity of over 80 MMcf/d. In addition, Vermilion has oil processing capacity of over 25,000 bbl/d through ten operated oil batteries including a 15,000 bbl/d oil battery in West Pembina.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2017, production in Canada averaged 97.9 MMcf/d of natural gas and 13,195 bbl/d of light crude oil, medium crude oil and NGLs. Sales of natural gas in 2017 were $83.5 million (2016 - $65.9 million) and sales from light crude oil, medium crude oil and NGLs were $247.3 million (2016 - $187.0 million).

 

During 2017, the majority of Vermilion's Canadian exploration and development expenditures were directed to our Mannville program with activity focused in the West Pembina and Ferrier areas of Alberta. During 2017 Vermilion drilled or participated in 24 (17.4 net) Mannville wells and production from the Mannville play increased by 42% as compared to 2016. Vermilion plans to drill 17 (13.8 net) Mannville wells in 2018. The Company also plans to drill or participate in five (4.2 net) Cardium wells and 21 (20.5 net) southeast Saskatchewan wells in 2018 as compared to seven (7.0 net) Cardium wells and 13 (11.1 net) southeast Saskatchewan wells in 2017. Vermilion expects that the Mannville, Cardium and southeast Saskatchewan assets will continue to support the Company's production growth.

 

The GLJ Report assigned 81,322 Mboe of total proved reserves and 139,209 Mboe of proved plus probable reserves to Vermilion's properties located in Canada as at December 31, 2017.

 

 12 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

France Business Unit

 

Vermilion entered France in 1997 and has completed three subsequent acquisitions. The Company is the largest oil producer in the country and represents approximately three-quarters of domestic oil production. Vermilion predominately produces oil in France and the Company's oil is priced with reference to Dated Brent.

 

Vermilion's main producing areas in France are located in the Aquitaine Basin which is southwest of Bordeaux, France and in the Paris Basin, located just east of Paris. Vermilion also holds exploration lands in the Alsace-Lorraine region. The three major fields in the Paris Basin area are Champotran, Neocomian and Chaunoy, and the two major fields in the Aquitaine Basin are Parentis and Cazaux. Vermilion operates 19 oil batteries and 15 single well batteries in the country. Given the legacy nature of these assets, the throughput capability of these batteries exceeds any projected future requirements. Vermilion holds an average 96% working interest in 218,100 (208,900 net) acres of developed land and 99% working interest in 383,000 (379,800 net) acres of undeveloped land in the Aquitaine and Paris Basins. Vermilion had 338 (332 net) producing oil wells and three (3.0 net) producing gas wells in France as at December 31, 2017.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2017, production in France averaged 11,085 bbl/d of light crude oil and medium crude oil. Sales from light crude oil and medium crude oil in 2017 were $268.1 million (2016 - $246.6 million) with no sales of natural gas (2016 - $0.3 million). Natural gas sales in France have decreased significantly since 2013 following the closure of a third party processing facility.

 

In 2017, Vermilion drilled six (6.0 net) wells in the Neocomian fields in the Paris basin, four (4.0 net) wells in the Champotran field and one (1.0 net) horizontal sidetrack well in the Vulaines field. In 2018, Vermilion intends to drill two (2.0 net) Neocomian wells and three (3.0 net) Champotran wells. The Company also intends to continue its ongoing program of workovers and optimizations. By continuing to develop its inventory in France, while minimizing declines through workovers and optimizations, Vermilion seeks to deliver moderate production growth from its French assets.

 

The GLJ Report assigned 42,093 Mboe of total proved reserves and 64,188 Mboe of proved plus probable reserves to Vermilion's properties located in France as at December 31, 2017.

 

Netherlands Business Unit

 

Vermilion entered the Netherlands in 2004 and is the country's second largest onshore natural gas producer (excluding state-owned energy company EBN). Vermilion's natural gas production in the Netherlands is priced off of the TTF index.

 

Vermilion's Netherlands assets consist of 24 onshore concessions and two offshore concessions. Production consists primarily of natural gas with a small amount of related condensate. Vermilion’s total land position in the Netherlands covers 1,455,800 (826,000 net) acres at an average 56% working interest, of which 95% is undeveloped. Vermilion had 56 (39 net) producing natural gas wells as at December 31, 2017.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2017, Vermilion's production in the Netherlands averaged 40.5 MMcf/d of natural gas and 90 bbl/d of NGLs. Sales in 2017 of natural gas were $106.2 million (2016 - $99.3 million) and sales from NGLs were $1.9 million (2016 - $1.4 million).

 

Vermilion drilled two (1.0 net) exploration wells in the Netherlands during 2017 and the Company expects to drill three (1.5 net) exploration wells in 2018. Vermilion expects that its inventory of potentially high-impact exploration and development opportunities in the Netherlands will continue to support the Company's production growth in the country.

 

The GLJ Report assigned 10,347 Mboe of total proved reserves and 17,863 Mboe of proved plus probable reserves to Vermilion's properties located in the Netherlands as at December 31, 2017.

 

Germany Business Unit

 

Vermilion entered Germany in 2014 with the acquisition of a 25% non-operated interest in natural gas producing assets. In December 2016, Vermilion completed an acquisition of oil and gas producing properties that provided Vermilion with its first operated position in the country. Vermilion holds a significant undeveloped land position in Germany as a result of a farm-in agreement the Company entered into in 2015. Vermilion's natural gas production in Germany is priced with reference to TTF and oil production is priced with reference to Dated Brent.

 

 13 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Including the interests that were acquired in December 2016, Vermilion’s producing assets in Germany consist of operated and non-operated interests in seven natural gas fields and five oil fields. Prior to the December 2016 acquisition, Vermilion's producing assets in Germany consisted of a 25% non-operated interest in four natural gas fields. Vermilion had 135 (104 net) producing oil wells and 20 (7 net) producing natural gas wells as at December 31, 2017.

 

Vermilion holds a significant land position in northwest Germany comprised of 88,600 (32,600 net) developed acres and 2,787,000 (1,214,000 net) undeveloped acres. The Company also holds a 0.4% equity interest in Erdgas Munster GmbH ("EGM"), a joint venture created in 1959 to jointly transport, process, and market gas in northwest Germany. This transportation interest allows for our proportionate share of produced volumes to be processed, blended, and transported to designated gas consumers through the EGM network of approximately 2,000 kilometres of pipeline. Furthermore, the Company holds a 50% equity interest in Hannoversche Erdölleitung GmbH ("HEG"), a joint venture company created in 1959 that collects and transports oil through a 185 km network of infrastructure from the Hannover region to rail loading facilities in Hannover.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2017, production in Germany averaged 19.4 MMcf/d of natural gas and 1,060 bbl/d of crude oil. Sales of natural gas in 2017 were $45.1 million (2016 - $29.0 million) and sales from crude oil were $23.6 million (2016 - nil).

 

During 2017, Vermilion focused on workover and optimization opportunities on the assets acquired in December 2016. In 2018, the Company plans to continue to invest in optimization and other well work on the assets the Company acquired in December 2016 as well as prepare for the drilling of one (0.25 net) well in the Dümmersee-Uchte area which is expected to be drilled in 2019. Vermilion will also advance permitting, studies and other activities associated with the farm-in agreement signed in mid-2015.

 

The GLJ Report assigned 12,640 Mboe of total proved reserves and 24,496 Mboe of proved plus probable reserves to Vermilion's properties located in Germany as at December 31, 2017.

 

Ireland Business Unit

 

Vermilion acquired an 18.5% non-operating interest in the offshore Corrib gas field located off the northwest coast of Ireland in 2009. The asset is comprised of six offshore wells, an onshore natural gas processing facility and offshore and onshore pipeline segments. At the time of the acquisition, most of the key components of the project, with the exception of the onshore pipeline, were either complete or in the latter stages of development. In 2011, approvals and permissions were granted for the onshore gas pipeline and tunneling commenced in December 2012. In May 2014, Vermilion announced the completion of tunnel boring operations. In September 2015, the project operator, Shell E&P Ireland Limited, declared the project operationally ready for service. With the final regulatory consent received on December 29, 2015, gas began to flow from the Corrib project on December 30, 2015.

 

Production volumes at Corrib reached full plant capacity of approximately 65 mmcf/d (10,900 boe/d) net to Vermilion at the end of Q2 2016 following recertification activities associated with a third party gas distribution pipeline network.

 

On July 12, 2017 Vermilion and Canada Pension Plan Investment Board ("CPPIB") announced a strategic partnership in Corrib, whereby CPPIB will acquire Shell E&P Ireland Limited’s 45% interest in Corrib for total cash consideration of €830 million, subject to customary closing adjustments and future contingent value payments based on performance and realized pricing. At closing, Vermilion expects to assume operatorship of Corrib. In addition to operatorship, CPPIB plans to transfer a 1.5% working interest to Vermilion for €19.4 million ($28.4 million), before closing adjustments. Vermilion’s incremental 1.5% ownership of Corrib represents production of approximately 850 boe/d (100% gas). The acquisition has an effective date of January 1, 2017 and is anticipated to close in the first half of 2018.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2017, production in Ireland averaged 58.4 MMcf/d of natural gas. Sales of natural gas in 2017 were $153.3 million (2016 - $109.2 million).

 

The GLJ Report assigned 13,634 Mboe of total proved reserves and 22,199 Mboe of proved plus probable reserves to Vermilion's property located in Ireland as at December 31, 2017.

 

 14 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Australia Business Unit

 

In 2005, Vermilion acquired a 60% operated interest in the Wandoo offshore oil field and related production assets, located on Western Australia's northwest shelf. In 2007, Vermilion acquired the remaining 40% interest in the asset. Production occurs from 18 well bores and five lateral sidetrack wells that are tied into two platforms, Wandoo 'A' and Wandoo 'B'. Wandoo 'B' is permanently manned, houses the required production facilities and incorporates 400,000 bbls of oil storage within the platform's concrete gravity structure. The Wandoo 'B' facilities are capable of processing 182,000 bbl/d of total fluid to separate the oil from produced water. Vermilion's land position in the Wandoo field is comprised of 59,600 acres (gross and net).

 

For the year ended December 31, 2017, Vermilion's production in Australia averaged 5,770 bbl/d of light crude oil and medium crude oil. Sales in 2017 from light crude oil and medium crude oil were $154.4 million (2016 - $136.8 million).

 

During 2015 and 2016, Vermilion drilled three wells in Australia and does not presently expect to drill any additional Australian wells until 2019. Vermilion expects to manage its Australian asset and related capital investment programs to maintain stable production levels of approximately 6,000 bbl/d.

 

The GLJ Report assigned 10,915 Mboe of total proved reserves and 15,565 Mboe of proved plus probable reserves to Vermilion's property located in Australia as at December 31, 2017.

 

United States Business Unit

 

Vermilion entered the United States in 2014. The Company's assets include 109,500 (97,200 net) acres of land in the Powder River basin of northeastern Wyoming, of which 95% is undeveloped. Vermilion had 13 (11 net) producing oil wells in the United States as at December 31, 2017.

 

For the year ended December 31, 2017, Vermilion’s production in the United States averaged 716 bbl/d of light crude oil, medium crude oil and NGLs and 0.4 MMcf/d of natural gas. Sales from all commodities in 2017 were $15.4 million (2016 - $7.3 million).

 

During 2017, Vermilion continued work on its early stage Turner Sand development in the Powder River Basin, drilling and completing three (3.0 net) wells. In 2018, Vermilion expects to drill five (5.0 net) wells in this play.

 

The GLJ Report assigned 5,613 Mboe of total proved reserves and 14,970 Mboe of proved plus probable reserves to Vermilion's properties located in the United States.

 

Central and Eastern Europe ("CEE") Business Unit

 

Vermilion has established a CEE Business unit with a head office in Budapest, Hungary. The CEE business unit is responsible for business development in the CEE, including managing the exploration and development opportunities associated with the Company's land holdings in Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia.

 

At present, the CEE business unit does not have any production or revenues.

 

Vermilion's land position in the CEE consists of 652,800 (652,800 net) acres in Hungary, 184,600 (92,300 net) acres in Slovakia and 2.35 million (2.35 million net) acres in Croatia. Currently, Vermilion's entire land position in the CEE is undeveloped.

 

Vermilion plans to drill its first well (1.0 net) in the South Battonya license of Hungary in 2018.

 

(1)The production numbers stated refer to Vermilion's working interest share before deduction of Crown, freehold and other royalties. Reserve amounts are gross reserves, stated before deduction of royalties, as at December 31, 2017, based on forecast costs and price assumptions as evaluated in the GLJ Report.

 

 15 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

GENERAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE BUSINESS

 

Three Year History and Outlook

 

The following describes the development of Vermilion's business over the last three completed financial years. None of the acquisitions described below constituted a “significant acquisition” within the meaning of applicable securities laws.

 

2015

 

Vermilion achieved record annual production of 54,922 boe/d representing an increase of 11% as compared to 2014. Full-year average production was within 0.1% of guidance as strong production results from other business units largely offset the production shortfall related to regulatory delays at Corrib.

 

Vermilion maintained its dividend at $0.215 per month throughout 2015. In February 2015, Vermilion announced the implementation of a Premium DividendTM Component of the Dividend Reinvestment Plan as a short term measure to maintain the Company’s financial strength. The Premium DividendTM component allowed Vermilion to preserve financial flexibility by providing ongoing access to a modest amount of low-cost equity capital. Under the Premium DividendTM component, shares were issued at 3.5% discount to average market price and participating shareholders received a premium cash payment equal to 101.5% of dividends.

 

In 2015, Vermilion entered into a farm-in agreement in northwest Germany. The farm-in provided Vermilion with participating interest in 18 onshore exploration licenses, comprising approximately 850,000 net undeveloped acres in the North German Basin, in exchange for carrying 50% of the farmor's costs associated with the drilling and testing of six net exploration wells over the following five years. The agreement also granted Vermilion operatorship during the exploration phase for 11 of the 18 licenses as well as access to key data spanning the farm-in assets.

 

On December 29, 2015 Vermilion announced that Shell E&P Ireland Limited, operator of the Corrib project, received the final remaining consent required for production from the office of Ireland's Minister for Communications, Energy and Natural Resources. Following this, natural gas began to flow from the Corrib gas project in Ireland on December 30, 2015.

 

Vermilion continued to prioritize preserving the strength of its balance sheet and increase its financial flexibility in response to the continued weak commodity price environment. Total exploration and development ("E&D") investment for 2015 totalled $487 million, representing a nearly 30% decrease from the prior year. Vermilion continued to focus on reducing costs through our company-wide Profitability Enhancement Program ("PEP"), and the Company increased its credit facility capacity by $500 million during the year to $2.0 billion while also extending the term to May 2019.

 

2016

 

Vermilion achieved record annual production of 63,526 boe/d representing an increase of 16% as compared to 2015. The increase was attributable to a full-year of Corrib production and organic growth in the Netherlands.

 

The commodity price environment continued to be extremely challenging during 2016. WTI averaged US$43.32/bbl for the year and reached an intra-year, monthly average low of US$30.62/bbl in February 2016. To support its balance sheet and dividend in the prevailing price environment, the Company continued to focus on further improving capital efficiencies as well as achieving cost reductions through PEP. Accordingly, in January 2016, Vermilion announced a $285 million E&D capital budget for 2016 representing a 42% decrease from 2015. As commodity prices continued to weaken during Q1 2016, in February 2016 Vermilion announced a further reduction in its 2016 E&D capital budget to $235 million. In August 2016, Vermilion modestly increased its E&D capital expenditure guidance for 2016 to $240 million. E&D capital expenditures for 2016 totaled $242.4 million, representing decreases from 2015 and 2014 of 50% and 65%, respectively.

 

Vermilion maintained its dividend at $0.215 per month throughout 2016. In addition, the Company began prorating the Premium DividendTM Component of the Dividend Reinvestment Plan starting in 2016. The Premium DividendTM Component of the Dividend Reinvestment Plan was implemented by Vermilion in 2015 as a short term measure to preserve the Company’s financial flexibility by providing access to a modest amount of low-cost equity capital. As a result of the continued strength in the Company's business associated with cost reductions, capital efficiency improvements and the expectation of a more stable commodity price environment, Vermilion began prorating the Premium DividendTM Component of the Dividend Reinvestment Plan by 25% commencing with the October 2016 dividend.

 

 16 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Vermilion repaid the $225 million of 6.5% Senior Unsecured Notes that came due on February 10, 2016 with funds from its credit facility. While the Company assessed opportunities to diversify its debt structure, the credit facility represented the Company’s most cost-effective method of borrowing.

 

Effective March 1, 2016, Mr. Lorenzo Donadeo retired as Chief Executive Officer of Vermilion and became Chair of the Board of Directors. Mr. Anthony Marino, previously the Company's President and Chief Operating Officer, assumed the role of President and CEO. Mr. Larry Macdonald, previously the Board of Director's Chair, assumed the newly created role of Lead Independent Director.

 

In December 2016, Vermilion closed an acquisition of producing oil and gas properties in Germany from Engie E&P Deutschland GmbH (previously known as GDF Suez S.A.) for total consideration of $45.6 million, net of acquired product inventory. The acquisition comprised operated and non-operated interests in five oil and three natural gas producing fields, along with an operated interest in one exploration license. Vermilion assumed operatorship of six of the eight producing fields, with the other fields operated by ExxonMobil Production Deutschland ("EMPG") and Deutsche Erdoel AG ("DEA"). Production from the acquired assets was approximately 2,000 boe/d in 2016. The acquisition provided Vermilion with its first operated producing properties in Germany, and advanced the Company’s objective of developing a material business unit in the country.

 

In June 2016, the Republic of Croatia ratified the grant of four exploration blocks to Vermilion. The exploration blocks consisted of approximately 2.35 million gross acres (100% working interest), with a substantial portion of the acreage located near existing crude oil and natural gas fields in northeast Croatia. The initial five-year exploration period consists of two phases with an option to relinquish the blocks following the initial three-year phase. In December 2016, Vermilion entered into a farm-in agreement in Slovakia with NAFTA, Slovakia's dominant exploration and production company. The farm-in agreement grants Vermilion a 50% working interest to jointly explore 183,000 gross acres on an existing license. The primary term of the farm-in agreement is five years.

 

Vermilion was awarded a position on CDP's 2016 Climate "A" List. CDP (formerly Carbon Disclosure Project) is a London-based not-for-profit organization that administers a global environmental disclosure system that assists in the measurement and management of corporate environmental impacts. Only 193 companies globally achieved Climate "A" List recognition in 2016 and Vermilion was one of only five oil and gas companies in the world, and the only North American energy company, on the 2016 Climate "A" List. Vermilion has voluntarily reported emissions data to CDP for each year since 2012, recognizing the importance of measuring and understanding the Company’s environmental impact.

 

2017

 

Vermilion achieved record annual production of 68,021 boe/d representing an increase of 7% as compared to 2016. Production growth in Canada, the US, Ireland and Germany more than offset lower production in France, Netherlands and Australia. Permitting delays significantly reduced Netherlands production volumes in 2017, while an unplanned 31-day downtime period at Corrib late in Q3 and early Q4 2017 reduced annual production by approximately 900 boe/d.

 

Vermilion maintained its dividend at $0.215 per month throughout 2017. Additionally, as the Company's business continued its strong performance and with the prospect of a more stable commodity price environment, Vermilion continued the proration of the Premium DividendTM Component of the Dividend Reinvestment Plan, which commenced in 2016, throughout the year. The Company discontinued the Premium DividendTM Component beginning with the July 2017 dividend payment.

 

In March 2017, Vermilion issued US$300 million aggregate principal amount of eight-year senior unsecured notes bearing interest at a rate of 5.625% per annum. This issuance was completed by way of a private offering and represented Vermilion's first issuance in the US debt markets. The issuance of US dollar denominated debt provides a partial natural hedge against our largely US dollar denominated revenue streams.

 

In April 2017, Vermilion extended the term of its credit facility with its banking syndicate to May 2021. Following a review of the Company's projected liquidity requirements and the receipt of proceeds from the US debt issuance, Vermilion elected to request a reduction in the total facility amount to $1.4 billion from $2.0 billion.

 

 17 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

In July 2017, Vermilion and Canada Pension Plan Investment Board ("CPPIB") announced a strategic partnership in Corrib, whereby CPPIB will acquire Shell E&P Ireland Limited’s 45% interest in Corrib for total cash consideration of €830 million, subject to customary closing adjustments and future contingent value payments based on performance and realized pricing. At closing, Vermilion expects to assume operatorship of Corrib. In addition to operatorship, CPPIB plans to transfer a 1.5% working interest to Vermilion for €19.4 million ($28.4 million), before closing adjustments. Vermilion’s incremental 1.5% ownership of Corrib represents production of approximately 850 boe/d (100% gas). The acquisition has an effective date of January 1, 2017 and is anticipated to close in the first half of 2018.

 

In December 2017, we were awarded a license for the Békéssámson concession for a 4-year term in Hungary. Located adjacent to our existing South Battonya concession in southeast Hungary, the Békéssámson concession covers 330,700 net acres (100% working interest) and more than doubles the size of our total land position in the country. We plan to drill our first well (1.0 net) in the South Battonya concession in Hungary in 2018.

 

Vermilion continued to be recognized for its commitment and leadership on environmental, social and governance matters in 2017. The Company received a top quartile ranking for our industry sector in RobecoSAM’s annual Corporate Sustainability Assessment (“CSA”). The CSA analyzes sustainability performance across economic, environmental, governance and social criteria, and is the basis of the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices. The RobecoSAM assessment follows earlier recognition of Vermilion’s sustainability performance, including being named to the CDP Climate Leadership Level (A-) as a global leader in environmental stewardship, and receipt of the French government’s Circular Economy Award for Industrial and Regional Ecology for our geothermal energy partnership in Parentis. Vermilion was also ranked 13th by Corporate Knights on the Future 40 Responsible Corporate Leaders in Canada list. This marks the fourth year in a row that Vermilion has been recognized by Corporate Knights as one of Canada's top sustainability performers. Vermilion’s MSCI ESG (Environment, Social and Governance) rating increased from BBB to A for 2017 and our Governance Metrics score ranked in the 90th percentile globally.

 

Outlook

 

Vermilion's business model continues to allow for flexibility in response to volatile commodity prices and regulatory changes, as demonstrated in 2017 through the Company’s response to various permitting delays in the Netherlands to reallocate capital to other business units. Vermilion intends to maintain a low level of financial leverage and continue to fund dividends and E&D capital investment from internally generated fund flows from operations. Consistent with these objectives, in October 2017 Vermilion announced an E&D capital budget for 2018 of $315 million with corresponding production guidance of between 74,500-76,500 boe/d. In January 2018, after announcing an acquisition of a private southeast Saskatchewan light oil producer, Vermilion increased its 2018 E&D guidance to $325 million and production guidance to between 75,000-77,500 boe/d. Based on the current commodity price strip, Vermilion expects to fully fund 2018 E&D capital investment and cash dividends from fund flows from operations, with surplus cash generation primarily directed to debt reduction.

 

TM denotes trademark of Canaccord Genuity Capital Corporation.

 

 18 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

STATEMENT OF RESERVES DATA AND OTHER OIL AND GAS INFORMATION

 

Reserves and Future Net Revenue

 

The following is a summary of the oil and natural gas reserves and the value of future net revenue of Vermilion as evaluated by GLJ in a report dated February 1, 2018 with an effective date of December 31, 2017. Pricing used in the forecast price evaluations is set forth in the notes to the tables.

 

Reserves and other oil and gas information contained in this section is effective December 31, 2017 unless otherwise stated.

 

All evaluations of future net revenue set forth in the tables below are stated after overriding and lessor royalties, Crown royalties, freehold royalties, mineral taxes, direct lifting costs, normal allocated overhead and future capital investments, including abandonment and reclamation obligations. Future net revenues estimated by the GLJ Report do not represent the fair market value of the reserves. Other assumptions relating to the costs, prices for future production and other matters are included in the GLJ Report. There is no assurance that the future price and cost assumptions used in the GLJ Report will prove accurate and variances could be material.

 

Reserves for Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands and United States are established using deterministic methodology. Total proved reserves are established at the 90 percent probability (P90) level. There is a 90 percent probability that the actual reserves recovered will be equal to or greater than the P90 reserves. Total proved plus probable reserves are established at the 50 percent probability (P50) level. There is a 50 percent probability that the actual reserves recovered will be equal to or greater than the P50 reserves.

 

The Report on Reserves Data by Independent Qualified Reserves Evaluator in Form 51-101F2 and the Report of Management and Directors on Oil and Gas Disclosure in Form 51-101F3 are contained in Schedules "B" and "C", respectively.

 

The following tables provide reserves data and a breakdown of future net revenue by component and product type using forecast prices and costs. For Canada, the tables following include Alberta Gas Cost Allowance.

 

The following tables may not total due to rounding.

 

 19 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Oil and Gas Reserves - Based on Forecast Prices and Costs (1)

 

  Light Crude Oil & Medium
Crude Oil
Heavy Oil Tight Oil Conventional Natural Gas
  Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2)
  (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (MMcf) (MMcf)
Proved Developed Producing (3) (5) (6)                
Australia 9,065 9,065
Canada 11,148 10,219 139,772 128,023
France 35,944 33,265 8,619 7,939
Germany 5,008 4,880 29,791 26,881
Ireland 81,803 81,803
Netherlands 37,296 24,721
United States 982 782 1,071 854
Total Proved Developed Producing 62,147 58,211 298,352 270,221
  Shale Gas Coal Bed Methane Natural Gas Liquids BOE
  Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2)
  (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mboe) (Mboe)
Proved Developed Producing (3) (5) (6)                
Australia 9,065 9,065
Canada 60 56 2,330 2,153 11,215 9,102 46,057 41,026
France 37,381 34,588
Germany 9,973 9,360
Ireland 13,634 13,634
Netherlands 137 90 6,353 4,210
United States 147 117 1,308 1,041
Total Proved Developed Producing 60 56 2,330 2,153 11,499 9,309 123,771 112,924
  Light Crude Oil & Medium
Crude Oil
Heavy Oil Tight Oil Conventional Natural Gas
  Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2)
  (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (MMcf) (MMcf)
Proved Developed Non-Producing (3) (5) (7)              
Australia 350 350    
Canada 878 768 9,420 8,489
France 562 492
Germany 539 521 8,959 8,156
Ireland
Netherlands 21,010 20,482
United States
Total Proved Developed Non-Producing 2,329 2,131 39,389 37,127
  Shale Gas Coal Bed Methane Natural Gas Liquids BOE
  Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2)
  (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mboe) (Mboe)
Proved Developed Non-Producing (3) (5) (7)              
Australia 350 350
Canada 1,079 1,025 2,360 2,200 410 309 3,431 3,029
France 562 492
Germany 2,032 1,880
Ireland
Netherlands 56 54 3,558 3,468
United States
Total Proved Developed Non-Producing 1,079 1,025 2,360 2,200 466 363 9,933 9,219

 

 20 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

  Light Crude Oil & Medium
Crude Oil
Heavy Oil Tight Oil Conventional Natural Gas
  Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2)
  (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (MMcf) (MMcf)
Proved Undeveloped (3) (8)                
Australia 1,500 1,500
Canada 7,634 6,929 91,104 83,603
France 4,140 3,767 64 64
Germany 241 235 2,361 1,939
Ireland
Netherlands 2,620 2,620
United States 3,300 2,693 3,309 2,700
Total Proved Undeveloped 16,815 15,124 99,458 90,926
  Shale Gas Coal Bed Methane Natural Gas Liquids BOE
  Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2)
  (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mboe) (Mboe)
Proved Undeveloped (3) (8)                
Australia 1,500 1,500
Canada 2,023 1,849 8,679 7,689 31,834 28,860
France 4,151 3,778
Germany 635 558
Ireland
Netherlands 437 437
United States 454 370 4,306 3,513
Total Proved Undeveloped 2,023 1,849 9,133 8,059 42,863 38,646
  Light Crude Oil & Medium
Crude Oil
Heavy Oil Tight Oil Conventional Natural Gas
  Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2)
  (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (MMcf) (MMcf)
Proved (3)                
Australia 10,915 10,915
Canada 19,660 17,916 240,296 220,115
France 40,646 37,524 8,683 8,003
Germany 5,788 5,636 41,111 36,976
Ireland 81,803 81,803
Netherlands 60,926 47,823
United States 4,282 3,475 4,380 3,554
Total Proved 81,291 75,466 437,199 398,274
  Shale Gas Coal Bed Methane Natural Gas Liquids BOE
  Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2)
  (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mboe) (Mboe)
Proved (3)                
Australia 10,915 10,915
Canada 1,139 1,081 6,713 6,202 20,304 17,100 81,322 72,916
France 42,093 38,858
Germany 12,640 11,799
Ireland 13,634 13,634
Netherlands 193 144 10,347 8,115
United States 601 487 5,613 4,554
Total Proved 1,139 1,081 6,713 6,202 21,098 17,731 176,564 160,791

 

 21 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

  Light Crude Oil & Medium
Crude Oil
Heavy Oil Tight Oil Conventional Natural Gas
  Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2)
  (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (MMcf) (MMcf)
Probable (4)                
Australia 4,650 4,650
Canada 12,885 11,417 181,055 164,336
France 21,786 20,115 1,854 1,769
Germany 3,000 2,931 53,134 47,092
Ireland 51,389 51,389
Netherlands 44,380 35,383
United States 7,073 5,827 7,520 6,194
Total Probable 49,394 44,940 339,332 306,163
  Shale Gas Coal Bed Methane Natural Gas Liquids BOE
  Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2)
  (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mboe) (Mboe)
Probable (4)                
Australia 4,650 4,650
Canada 214 203 3,053 2,846 14,282 12,186 57,887 51,501
France 22,095 20,410
Germany 11,856 10,780
Ireland 8,565 8,565
Netherlands 119 90 7,516 5,987
United States 1,031 849 9,357 7,708
Total Probable 214 203 3,053 2,846 15,432 13,125 121,926 109,601
  Light Crude Oil & Medium
Crude Oil
Heavy Oil Tight Oil Conventional Natural Gas
  Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2)
  (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (MMcf) (MMcf)
Proved Plus Probable (3) (4)                
Australia 15,565 15,565
Canada 32,545 29,333 421,351 384,451
France 62,432 57,639 10,537 9,772
Germany 8,788 8,567 94,245 84,068
Ireland 133,192 133,192
Netherlands 105,306 83,206
United States 11,355 9,302 11,900 9,748
Total Proved Plus Probable 130,685 120,406 776,531 704,437
  Shale Gas Coal Bed Methane Natural Gas Liquids BOE
  Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2) Gross (2) Net (2)
  (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mboe) (Mboe)
Proved Plus Probable (3) (4)                
Australia 15,565 15,565
Canada 1,353 1,284 9,766 9,048 34,586 29,286 139,209 124,416
France 64,188 59,268
Germany 24,496 22,578
Ireland 22,199 22,199
Netherlands 312 234 17,863 14,102
United States 1,632 1,336 14,970 12,263
Total Proved Plus Probable 1,353 1,284 9,766 9,048 36,530 30,856 298,490 270,391

 

 22 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Notes:

(1)The pricing assumptions used in the GLJ Report with respect to net present value of future net revenue (forecast) as well as the inflation rates used for operating and capital costs are set forth below. See “Forecast Prices used in Estimates”. The NGL price is an aggregate of the individual natural gas liquids prices used in the Total Proved plus Probable evaluation. GLJ is an independent qualified reserves evaluator appointed pursuant to NI 51-101.
(2)"Gross Reserves" are Vermilion's working interest (operating or non-operating) share before deduction of royalties and without including any royalty interests of Vermilion. "Net Reserves" are Vermilion's working interest (operating or non-operating) share after deduction of royalty obligations, plus Vermilion's royalty interests in reserves.
(3)"Proved" reserves are those reserves that can be estimated with a high degree of certainty to be recoverable. It is likely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will exceed the estimated proved reserves.
(4)"Probable" reserves are those additional reserves that are less certain to be recovered than proved reserves. It is equally likely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will be greater or less than the sum of the estimated proved plus probable reserves.
(5)"Developed" reserves are those reserves that are expected to be recovered from existing wells and installed facilities or, if facilities have not been installed, that would involve a low expenditure (e.g. when compared to the cost of drilling a well) to put the reserves on production.
(6)"Developed Producing" reserves are those reserves that are expected to be recovered from completion intervals open at the time of the estimate. These reserves may be currently producing or, if shut-in, they must have previously been on production, and the date of resumption of production must be known with reasonable certainty.
(7)"Developed Non-Producing" reserves are those reserves that either have not been on production, or have previously been on production, but are shut in, and the date of resumption of production is unknown.
(8)"Undeveloped" reserves are those reserves expected to be recovered from known accumulations where a significant expenditure (for example, when compared to the cost of drilling a well) is required to render them capable of production. They must fully meet the requirements of the reserves classification (proved, probable, possible) to which they are assigned.

 

 23 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Net Present Value of Future Net Revenue - Based on Forecast Prices and Costs (1)

 

  

Before Deducting Future Income Taxes Discounted At After Deducting Future Income Taxes Discounted At
(M$) 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20%
Proved Developed Producing (2) (4) (5)                    
Australia (17,017) 90,880 132,474 146,048 147,713 77,180 124,390 136,979 136,121 130,383
Canada 929,867 770,860 647,843 559,708 494,964 929,867 770,860 647,843 559,708 494,964
France 1,791,774 1,315,070 1,030,403 849,032 725,407 1,473,144 1,091,894 858,839 708,168 604,390
Germany 276,577 249,619 206,965 174,876 151,703 276,578 249,619 206,965 174,876 151,703
Ireland 389,204 376,115 346,327 316,408 290,143 389,204 376,115 346,327 316,408 290,143
Netherlands 48,794 60,781 66,245 68,260 68,404 48,793 60,781 66,245 68,260 68,404
United States 44,617 34,550 28,272 24,106 21,170 44,619 34,550 28,272 24,106 21,170
Total Proved Developed Producing 3,463,816 2,897,875 2,458,529 2,138,438 1,899,504 3,239,385 2,708,209 2,291,470 1,987,647 1,761,157
Proved Developed Non-Producing (2) (4) (6)                    
Australia 28,079 24,122 20,869 18,180 15,942 28,079 24,122 20,869 18,180 15,942
Canada 60,804 42,405 32,416 26,238 22,048 60,804 42,405 32,417 26,238 22,048
France 10,082 8,113 6,095 4,559 3,438 6,848 5,499 3,953 2,763 1,896
Germany 49,825 37,600 27,510 20,411 15,501 32,059 29,369 23,502 18,374 14,426
Ireland
Netherlands 70,140 70,244 67,599 63,916 59,989 53,099 54,167 52,375 49,452 46,205
United States
Total Proved Developed Non-Producing 218,930 182,484 154,489 133,304 116,918 180,889 155,562 133,116 115,007 100,517
Proved Undeveloped (2) (7)                    
Australia 54,981 43,263 34,175 27,105 21,564 25,101 18,532 13,890 10,524 8,032
Canada 524,830 354,396 246,584 175,252 126,009 397,236 281,016 202,741 148,193 108,836
France 177,851 128,923 96,156 73,638 57,592 127,650 88,876 63,091 45,660 33,460
Germany 17,161 11,696 8,012 5,495 3,737 12,154 8,910 6,412 4,551 3,166
Ireland
Netherlands 10,559 8,825 7,405 6,255 5,323 7,921 6,405 5,174 4,189 3,401
United States 110,911 64,500 39,231 24,394 15,111 105,425 62,306 38,295 23,973 14,912
Total Proved Undeveloped 896,293 611,603 431,563 312,139 229,336 675,487 466,045 329,603 237,090 171,807
Proved (2)                    
Australia 66,043 158,265 187,518 191,333 185,219 130,360 167,044 171,738 164,825 154,357
Canada 1,515,501 1,167,661 926,843 761,198 643,021 1,387,907 1,094,281 883,001 734,139 625,848
France 1,979,707 1,452,106 1,132,654 927,229 786,437 1,607,642 1,186,269 925,883 756,591 639,746
Germany 343,563 298,915 242,487 200,782 170,941 320,791 287,898 236,879 197,801 169,295
Ireland 389,204 376,115 346,327 316,408 290,143 389,204 376,115 346,327 316,408 290,143
Netherlands 129,493 139,850 141,249 138,431 133,716 109,813 121,353 123,794 121,901 118,010
United States 155,528 99,050 67,503 48,500 36,281 150,044 96,856 66,567 48,079 36,082
Total Proved 4,579,039 3,691,962 3,044,581 2,583,881 2,245,758 4,095,761 3,329,816 2,754,189 2,339,744 2,033,481
Probable (3)                    
Australia 154,459 149,732 125,619 102,719 84,652 93,591 88,478 72,912 58,670 47,633
Canada 1,363,584 814,347 539,091 384,014 288,722 1,003,602 592,655 390,429 278,355 210,521
France 1,200,008 673,205 431,159 299,927 219,972 879,913 477,377 292,831 193,985 134,663
Germany 414,585 244,149 151,416 100,767 70,641 293,314 172,157 104,603 68,306 47,063
Ireland 350,695 246,321 182,785 141,844 114,117 350,695 246,321 182,785 141,844 114,117
Netherlands 197,136 167,242 141,871 121,179 104,496 130,277 108,388 89,527 74,196 61,980
United States 353,649 198,078 124,603 84,897 61,103 278,493 157,846 100,547 69,404 50,591
Total Probable 4,034,116 2,493,074 1,696,544 1,235,347 943,703 3,029,885 1,843,222 1,233,634 884,760 666,568

 

 24 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

  Before Deducting Future Income Taxes Discounted At After Deducting Future Income Taxes Discounted At
(M$) 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20%
Proved Plus Probable (2) (3)                    
Australia 220,502 307,997 313,137 294,052 269,871 223,951 255,522 244,650 223,495 201,990
Canada 2,879,085 1,982,008 1,465,934 1,145,212 931,743 2,391,509 1,686,936 1,273,430 1,012,494 836,369
France 3,179,715 2,125,311 1,563,813 1,227,156 1,006,409 2,487,555 1,663,646 1,218,714 950,576 774,409
Germany 758,148 543,064 393,903 301,549 241,582 614,105 460,055 341,482 266,107 216,358
Ireland 739,899 622,436 529,112 458,252 404,260 739,899 622,436 529,112 458,252 404,260
Netherlands 326,629 307,092 283,120 259,610 238,212 240,090 229,741 213,321 196,097 179,990
United States 509,177 297,128 192,106 133,397 97,384 428,537 254,702 167,114 117,483 86,673
Total Proved Plus Probable 8,613,155 6,185,036 4,741,125 3,819,228 3,189,461 7,125,646 5,173,038 3,987,823 3,224,504 2,700,049

 

Notes:

(1)The pricing assumptions used in the GLJ Report with respect to net present value of future net revenue (forecast) as well as the inflation rates used for operating and capital costs are set forth below. See “Forecast Prices used in Estimates”. The NGL price is an aggregate of the individual natural gas liquids prices used in the Total Proved plus Probable evaluation. GLJ is an independent qualified reserves evaluator appointed pursuant to NI 51-101.
(2)"Proved" reserves are those reserves that can be estimated with a high degree of certainty to be recoverable. It is likely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will exceed the estimated proved reserves.
(3)"Probable" reserves are those additional reserves that are less certain to be recovered than proved reserves. It is equally likely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will be greater or less than the sum of the estimated proved plus probable reserves.
(4)"Developed" reserves are those reserves that are expected to be recovered from existing wells and installed facilities or, if facilities have not been installed, that would involve a low expenditure (e.g. when compared to the cost of drilling a well) to put the reserves on production.
(5)"Developed Producing" reserves are those reserves that are expected to be recovered from completion intervals open at the time of the estimate. These reserves may be currently producing or, if shut-in, they must have previously been on production, and the date of resumption of production must be known with reasonable certainty.
(6)"Developed Non-Producing" reserves are those reserves that either have not been on production, or have previously been on production, but are shut in, and the date of resumption of production is unknown.
(7)"Undeveloped" reserves are those reserves expected to be recovered from known accumulations where a significant expenditure (for example, when compared to the cost of drilling a well) is required to render them capable of production. They must fully meet the requirements of the reserves classification (proved, probable, possible) to which they are assigned.

 

 25 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Total Future Net Revenue (Undiscounted) Based on Forecast Prices and Costs (1)

 

 

(M$)

Revenue Royalties Operating
Costs
Capital
Development
Costs
Abandonment
and
Reclamation
Costs
Future Net
Revenue
Before
Income Taxes
Future
Income Taxes
Future Net
Revenue
After
Income Taxes
Proved (2)                
Australia 978,200 564,074 100,883 247,200 66,043 (64,317) 130,360
Canada 3,488,501 344,924 1,118,811 412,323 96,942 1,515,501 127,594 1,387,907
France 3,591,175 272,788 997,961 125,874 214,845 1,979,707 372,065 1,607,642
Germany 853,470 44,503 298,194 20,409 146,801 343,563 22,772 320,791
Ireland 643,435 170,325 18,907 64,999 389,204 389,204
Netherlands 546,125 104,158 203,425 28,166 80,883 129,493 19,680 109,813
United States 404,551 112,559 65,468 66,993 4,003 155,528 5,484 150,044
Total Proved 10,505,457 878,932 3,418,258 773,555 855,673 4,579,039 483,278 4,095,761
Proved Plus Probable (2) (3)                
Australia 1,432,958 775,932 166,801 269,723 220,502 (3,449) 223,951
Canada 6,224,592 647,349 1,828,575 744,672 124,911 2,879,085 487,576 2,391,509
France 5,718,238 433,546 1,481,349 346,196 277,432 3,179,715 692,160 2,487,555
Germany 1,672,382 105,662 507,204 104,899 196,469 758,148 144,043 614,105
Ireland 1,113,630 270,554 38,178 64,999 739,899 739,899
Netherlands 950,074 180,041 296,854 53,369 93,181 326,629 86,539 240,090
United States 1,137,518 308,001 166,074 145,966 8,300 509,177 80,640 428,537
Total Proved Plus Probable 18,249,392 1,674,599 5,326,542 1,600,081 1,035,015 8,613,155 1,487,509 7,125,646

 

Notes:

(1)The pricing assumptions used in the GLJ Report with respect to net present value of future net revenue (forecast) as well as the inflation rates used for operating and capital costs are set forth below. See “Forecast Prices used in Estimates”. The NGL price is an aggregate of the individual natural gas liquids prices used in the Total Proved plus Probable evaluation. GLJ is an independent qualified reserves evaluator appointed pursuant to NI 51-101.
(2)"Proved" reserves are those reserves that can be estimated with a high degree of certainty to be recoverable. It is likely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will exceed the estimated proved reserves.
(3)"Probable" reserves are those additional reserves that are less certain to be recovered than proved reserves. It is equally likely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will be greater or less than the sum of the estimated proved plus probable reserves.

 

 26 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Future Net Revenue by Product Type Based on Forecast Prices and Costs (1)

 

 

 

Future Net Revenue
Before Income Taxes (2)
(Discounted at 10% Per Year)
Unit Value
Proved Developed Producing (M$) ($/boe)
Light Crude Oil & Medium Crude Oil (3) 1,764,235 27.51
Heavy Oil (3)
Conventional Natural Gas (4) 693,722 14.33
Shale Gas 122 8.56
Coal Bed Methane 450 1.25
Total Proved Developed Producing 2,458,529 21.77
Proved Developed Non-Producing    
Light Crude Oil & Medium Crude Oil (3) 43,821 18.44
Heavy Oil (3)
Conventional Natural Gas (4) 108,904 17.4
Shale Gas 984 4.54
Coal Bed Methane 780 2.13
Total Proved Developed Non-Producing 154,489 16.76
Proved Undeveloped    
Light Crude Oil & Medium Crude Oil (3) 273,008 14.16
Heavy Oil (3)
Conventional Natural Gas (4) 158,318 8.31
Shale Gas
Coal Bed Methane 237 0.77
Total Proved Undeveloped 431,563 12.04
Proved    
Light Crude Oil & Medium Crude Oil (3) 2,081,064 24.35
Heavy Oil (3)
Conventional Natural Gas (4) 960,944 12.92
Shale Gas 1,106 4.58
Coal Bed Methane 1,467 1.36
Total Proved 3,044,581 18.94
Probable    
Light Crude Oil & Medium Crude Oil (3) 1,031,625 19.21
Heavy Oil (3)
Conventional Natural Gas (4) 663,113 11.98
Shale Gas 238 5.49
Coal Bed Methane 1,568 3.31
Total Probable 1,696,544 15.48
Proved Plus Probable    
Light Crude Oil & Medium Crude Oil (3) 3,112,689 22.47
Heavy Oil (3)
Conventional Natural Gas (4) 1,624,057 12.42
Shale Gas 1,344 4.85
Coal Bed Methane 3,035 1.92
Total Proved Plus Probable 4,741,125 17.53

 

Notes:

(1)The pricing assumptions used in the GLJ Report with respect to net present value of future net revenue (forecast) as well as the inflation rates used for operating and capital costs are set forth below. See “Forecast Prices used in Estimates”. The NGL price is an aggregate of the individual natural gas liquids prices used in the Total Proved plus Probable evaluation. GLJ is an independent qualified reserves evaluator appointed pursuant to NI 51-101.
(2)Other Company revenue and costs not related to a specific product type have been allocated proportionately to the specified product types. Unit values are based on Company net reserves. Net present value of reserves categories are an approximation based on major products.
(3)Including solution gas and other by-products.
(4)Including by-products but excluding solution gas.

 

 27 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Forecast Prices used in Estimates (1)

 

 

 

Light Crude Oil and
& Medium Crude Oil
Crude Oil Conventional
Natural Gas
Canada
Conventional
Natural Gas
Europe
Natural Gas
Liquids
Inflation
Rate
Exchange
Rate
Exchange
Rate
Year WTI
Cushing
Oklahoma
($US/bbl)
Edmonton
Par Price
40˚ API
($Cdn/bbl)
Cromer
Medium
29.3˚ API
($Cdn/bbl)
Brent Blend
FOB
North Sea
($US/bbl)
AECO
Gas Price
($Cdn/MMBtu)
National Balancing
Point
(UK)
($US/MMBtu)
FOB
Field Gate
($Cdn/bbl)
Percent
Per Year
($US/$Cdn) ($Cdn/EUR)
2017 50.88 62.78 59.90 54.16 2.16 5.63 46.67 1.60 0.77 1.46
Forecast                    
2018 59.00 70.25 65.34 65.50 2.20 6.25 56.85 2.00 0.79 1.49
2019 59.00 70.25 65.34 63.50 2.54 6.50 53.46 2.00 0.79 1.46
2020 60.00 70.31 65.39 63.00 2.88 6.75 53.18 2.00 0.80 1.44
2021 66.00 72.84 67.74 66.00 3.24 7.00 54.74 2.00 0.81 1.42
2022 69.00 75.61 70.32 69.00 3.47 7.15 56.37 2.00 0.82 1.40
2023 72.00 78.31 72.83 72.00 3.58 7.30 58.31 2.00 0.83 1.39
2024 75.00 81.93 76.19 75.00 3.66 7.45 60.94 2.00 0.83 1.39
2025 78.00 85.54 79.55 78.00 3.73 7.60 63.57 2.00 0.83 1.39
2026 80.33 88.35 82.16 80.33 3.80 7.75 65.61 2.00 0.83 1.39
2027 81.88 90.22 83.90 81.88 3.88 7.90 66.96 2.00 0.83 1.39
Thereafter +2.0%/yr +2.0%/yr +2.0%/yr +2.0%/yr +2.0%/yr +2.0%/yr +2.0%/yr +2.0%/yr 0.83 1.39

 

Note:

(1)The pricing assumptions used in the GLJ Report with respect to net present value of future net revenue (forecast) as well as the inflation rates used for operating and capital costs are set forth above. The NGL price is an aggregate of the individual natural gas liquids prices used in the Total Proved plus Probable evaluation. GLJ is an independent qualified reserves evaluator appointed pursuant to NI 51-101.

 

All forecast prices in the tables above are provided by GLJ. For 2017, the price of crude oil in the United States is based on WTI. The benchmark price for Canadian crude oil is Edmonton Par and Canadian natural gas is priced against AECO. The benchmark price for Australia, France and Germany crude oil is Dated Brent. The price of our natural gas in Ireland is based on the NBP index. The price of Vermilion’s natural gas in the Netherlands and Germany is based on the TTF day/month-ahead index, as determined on the Title Transfer Facility Virtual Trading Point. For the year ended December 31, 2017, the average realized sales prices before hedging were $57.64 per bbl (United States) for WTI, $51.36 per bbl for Canadian-based crude oil, condensate and NGLs and $2.34 per Mcf for Canadian natural gas, $73.99 per bbl (Australia), $67.08 per bbl (France) for Brent-based crude oil, $7.19 per Mcf (Ireland), $7.18 per Mcf (Netherlands), and $6.38 per Mcf (Germany).

 

 28 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Reconciliations of Changes in Reserves

 

The following tables set forth a reconciliation of the changes in Vermilion's gross light crude oil and medium crude oil, heavy oil, tight oil, conventional natural gas, coal bed methane, shale gas and NGLs reserves as at December 31, 2017 compared to such reserves as at December 31, 2016 based on the forecast price and cost assumptions set forth in note 3.

 

Reconciliation of Company Gross Reserves by Principal Product Type - Based on Forecast Prices and Costs

 

 

AUSTRALIA

Total Oil (4) Light Crude Oil &
Medium Crude Oil
Heavy Oil Tight Oil
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2) Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Factors (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl)
At December 31, 2016 12,418 4,650 17,068 12,418 4,650 17,068
Discoveries
Extensions & Improved Recovery
Technical Revisions 603 603 603 603
Acquisitions
Dispositions
Economic Factors
Production (2,106) (2,106) (2,106) (2,106)
At December 31, 2017 10,915 4,650 15,565 10,915 4,650 15,565
  Total Gas (4) Conventional Natural Gas Coal Bed Methane (5) Shale Gas (5)
  Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Factors (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf)
At December 31, 2016
Discoveries
Extensions & Improved Recovery
Technical Revisions
Acquisitions
Dispositions
Economic Factors
Production
At December 31, 2017
  Natural Gas Liquids BOE            
  Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
           
Factors (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mboe) (Mboe) (Mboe)            
At December 31, 2016 12,418 4,650 17,068            
Discoveries            
Extensions & Improved Recovery            
Technical Revisions 603 603            
Acquisitions            
Dispositions            
Economic Factors            
Production (2,106) (2,106)            
At December 31, 2017 10,915 4,650 15,565            

 

 29 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

CANADA Total Oil (4) Light Crude Oil &
Medium Crude Oil
Heavy Oil Tight Oil
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2) Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Factors (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl)
At December 31, 2016 21,974 14,105 36,079 21,962 14,103 36,065 12 2 14
Discoveries
Extensions & Improved Recovery 594 302 896 594 302 896
Technical Revisions (681) (1,542) (2,223) (670) (1,540) (2,210) (11) (2) (13)
Acquisitions 16 4 20 16 4 20
Dispositions
Economic Factors (48) 16 (32) (48) 16 (32)
Production (2,195) (2,195) (2,194) (2,194) (1) (1)
At December 31, 2017 19,660 12,885 32,545 19,660 12,885 32,545
  Total Gas (4) Conventional Natural Gas Coal Bed Methane (5) Shale Gas (5)
  Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Factors (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf)
At December 31, 2016 226,530 156,668 383,198 217,098 151,707 368,805 8,061 4,677 12,738 1,371 284 1,655
Discoveries
Extensions & Improved Recovery 58,040 29,520 87,560 57,075 28,977 86,052 965 543 1,508
Technical Revisions 1,696 372 2,068 1,057 378 1,435 799 64 863 (160) (70) (230)
Acquisitions 3,452 1,113 4,565 2,686 872 3,558 766 241 1,007
Dispositions (2,182) (2,150) (4,332) (576) (231) (807) (1,606) (1,919) (3,525)
Economic Factors (3,658) (1,201) (4,859) (2,497) (648) (3,145) (1,161) (553) (1,714)
Production (35,730) (35,730) (34,547) (34,547) (1,111) (1,111) (72) (72)
At December 31, 2017 248,148 184,322 432,470 240,296 181,055 421,351 6,713 3,053 9,766 1,139 214 1,353
  Natural Gas Liquids BOE            
  Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
           
Factors (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mboe) (Mboe) (Mboe)            
At December 31, 2016 17,363 12,907 30,270 77,092 53,123 130,215            
Discoveries            
Extensions & Improved Recovery 5,669 1,235 6,904 15,936 6,457 22,393            
Technical Revisions (271) 95 (176) (668) (1,386) (2,054)            
Acquisitions 351 113 464 942 303 1,245            
Dispositions (3) (1) (4) (367) (359) (726)            
Economic Factors (184) (67) (251) (842) (251) (1,093)            
Production (2,621) (2,621) (10,771) (10,771)            
At December 31, 2017 20,304 14,282 34,586 81,322 57,887 139,209            

 

 30 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

FRANCE Total Oil (4) Light Crude Oil &
Medium Crude Oil
Heavy Oil Tight Oil
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2) Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Factors (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl)
At December 31, 2016 42,044 21,933 63,977 42,044 21,933 63,977
Discoveries
Extensions & Improved Recovery 1,688 1,879 3,567 1,688 1,879 3,567
Technical Revisions 1,086 (1,912) (826) 1,086 (1,912) (826)
Acquisitions
Dispositions
Economic Factors (126) (114) (240) (126) (114) (240)
Production (4,046) (4,046) (4,046) (4,046)
At December 31, 2017 40,646 21,786 62,432 40,646 21,786 62,432
  Total Gas (4) Conventional Natural Gas Coal Bed Methane (5) Shale Gas (5)
  Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Factors (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf)
At December 31, 2016 5,482 892 6,374 5,482 892 6,374
Discoveries
Extensions & Improved Recovery
Technical Revisions 3,239 968 4,207 3,239 968 4,207
Acquisitions
Dispositions
Economic Factors (37) (6) (43) (37) (6) (43)
Production (1) (1) (1) (1)
At December 31, 2017 8,683 1,854 10,537 8,683 1,854 10,537
  Natural Gas Liquids BOE            
  Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
           
Factors (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mboe) (Mboe) (Mboe)            
At December 31, 2016 42,958 22,082 65,040            
Discoveries            
Extensions & Improved Recovery 1,688 1,879 3,567            
Technical Revisions 1,625 (1,751) (126)            
Acquisitions            
Dispositions            
Economic Factors (132) (115) (247)            
Production (4,046) (4,046)            
At December 31, 2017 42,093 22,095 64,188            

 

 31 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

GERMANY Total Oil (4) Light Crude Oil &
Medium Crude Oil
Heavy Oil Tight Oil
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2) Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Factors (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl)
At December 31, 2016 5,288 2,279 7,567 5,288 2,279 7,567
Discoveries
Extensions & Improved Recovery 300 275 575 300 275 575
Technical Revisions 699 480 1,179 699 480 1,179
Acquisitions
Dispositions
Economic Factors (112) (34) (146) (112) (34) (146)
Production (387) (387) (387) (387)
At December 31, 2017 5,788 3,000 8,788 5,788 3,000 8,788
  Total Gas (4) Conventional Natural Gas Coal Bed Methane (5) Shale Gas (5)
  Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Factors (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf)
At December 31, 2016 41,481 54,284 95,765 41,481 54,284 95,765
Discoveries
Extensions & Improved Recovery 117 108 225 117 108 225
Technical Revisions 6,590 (1,027) 5,563 6,590 (1,027) 5,563
Acquisitions
Dispositions
Economic Factors (231) (231) (231) (231)
Production (7,077) (7,077) (7,077) (7,077)
At December 31, 2017 41,111 53,134 94,245 41,111 53,134 94,245
  Natural Gas Liquids BOE            
  Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
           
Factors (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mboe) (Mboe) (Mboe)            
At December 31, 2016 12,202 11,326 23,528            
Discoveries            
Extensions & Improved Recovery 320 293 613            
Technical Revisions 1,797 310 2,107            
Acquisitions            
Dispositions            
Economic Factors (112) (73) (185)            
Production (1,567) (1,567)            
At December 31, 2017 12,640 11,856 24,496            

 

 32 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

IRELAND Total Oil (4) Light Crude Oil &
Medium Crude Oil
Heavy Oil Tight Oil
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2) Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Factors (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl)
At December 31, 2016
Discoveries
Extensions & Improved Recovery
Technical Revisions
Acquisitions
Dispositions
Economic Factors
Production
At December 31, 2017
  Total Gas (4) Conventional Natural Gas Coal Bed Methane (5) Shale Gas (5)
  Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Factors (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf)
At December 31, 2016 99,575 50,787 150,362 99,575 50,787 150,362
Discoveries
Extensions & Improved Recovery
Technical Revisions 3,553 602 4,155 3,553 602 4,155
Acquisitions
Dispositions
Economic Factors
Production (21,325) (21,325) (21,325) (21,325)
At December 31, 2017 81,803 51,389 133,192 81,803 51,389 133,192
  Natural Gas Liquids BOE            
  Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
           
Factors (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mboe) (Mboe) (Mboe)            
At December 31, 2016 16,596 8,465 25,061            
Discoveries            
Extensions & Improved Recovery            
Technical Revisions 592 100 692            
Acquisitions            
Dispositions            
Economic Factors            
Production (3,554) (3,554)            
At December 31, 2017 13,634 8,565 22,199            

 

 33 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

NETHERLANDS Total Oil (4) Light Crude Oil &
Medium Crude Oil
Heavy Oil Tight Oil
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2) Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Factors (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl)
At December 31, 2016
Discoveries
Extensions & Improved Recovery
Technical Revisions
Acquisitions
Dispositions
Economic Factors
Production
At December 31, 2017
  Total Gas (4) Conventional Natural Gas Coal Bed Methane (5) Shale Gas (5)
  Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Factors (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf)
At December 31, 2016 62,350 43,184 105,534 62,350 43,184 105,534
Discoveries
Extensions & Improved Recovery 8,163 7,807 15,970 8,163 7,807 15,970
Technical Revisions 5,232 (6,579) (1,347) 5,232 (6,579) (1,347)
Acquisitions
Dispositions
Economic Factors (22) (32) (54) (22) (32) (54)
Production (14,797) (14,797) (14,797) (14,797)
At December 31, 2017 60,926 44,380 105,306 60,926 44,380 105,306
  Natural Gas Liquids BOE            
  Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
           
Factors (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mboe) (Mboe) (Mboe)            
At December 31, 2016 81 63 144 10,473 7,260 17,733            
Discoveries            
Extensions & Improved Recovery 30 21 51 1,391 1,322 2,713            
Technical Revisions 115 35 150 986 (1,061) (75)            
Acquisitions            
Dispositions            
Economic Factors (4) (5) (9)            
Production (33) (33) (2,499) (2,499)            
At December 31, 2017 193 119 312 10,347 7,516 17,863            

 

 34 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

UNITED STATES Total Oil (4) Light Crude Oil &
Medium Crude Oil
Heavy Oil Tight Oil
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2) Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Factors (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl)
At December 31, 2016 3,169 5,727 8,896 3,169 5,727 8,896
Discoveries
Extensions & Improved Recovery 1,413 1,483 2,896 1,413 1,483 2,896
Technical Revisions (49) (133) (182) (49) (133) (182)
Acquisitions
Dispositions
Economic Factors (9) (4) (13) (9) (4) (13)
Production (242) (242) (242) (242)
At December 31, 2017 4,282 7,073 11,355 4,282 7,073 11,355
  Total Gas (4) Conventional Natural Gas Coal Bed Methane (5) Shale Gas (5)
  Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Factors (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf)
At December 31, 2016 2,969 5,481 8,450 2,969 5,481 8,450
Discoveries
Extensions & Improved Recovery 1,328 1,554 2,882 1,328 1,554 2,882
Technical Revisions 231 489 720 231 489 720
Acquisitions
Dispositions
Economic Factors (5) (4) (9) (5) (4) (9)
Production (143) (143) (143) (143)
At December 31, 2017 4,380 7,520 11,900 4,380 7,520 11,900
  Natural Gas Liquids BOE            
  Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
           
Factors (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mboe) (Mboe) (Mboe)            
At December 31, 2016 412 760 1,172 4,076 7,401 11,477            
Discoveries            
Extensions & Improved Recovery 182 213 395 1,816 1,955 3,771            
Technical Revisions 28 59 87 18 7 25            
Acquisitions            
Dispositions            
Economic Factors (1) (1) (2) (11) (6) (17)            
Production (20) (20) (286) (286)            
At December 31, 2017 601 1,031 1,632 5,613 9,357 14,970            

 

 35 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

TOTAL COMPANY Total Oil (4) Light Crude Oil &
Medium Crude Oil
Heavy Oil Tight Oil
Proved Probable P+P (1) (2) Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Factors (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl)
At December 31, 2016 84,893 48,694 133,587 84,881 48,692 133,573 12 2 14
Discoveries
Extensions & Improved Recovery 3,995 3,939 7,934 3,995 3,939 7,934
Technical Revisions 1,657.51 (3,107) (1,449.49) 1,668.51 (3,105) (1,436.49) (11) (2) (13)
Acquisitions 16 4 20 16 4 20
Dispositions
Economic Factors (295) (136) (431) (295) (136) (431)
Production (8,976) (8,976) (8,975) (8,975) (1) (1)
At December 31, 2017 81,291 49,394 130,685 81,291 49,394 130,685
  Total Gas (4) Conventional Natural Gas Coal Bed Methane (5) Shale Gas (5)
  Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Factors (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf) (MMcf)
At December 31, 2016 438,387 311,296 749,683 428,955 306,335 735,290 8,061 4,677 12,738 1,371 284 1,655
Discoveries
Extensions & Improved Recovery 67,648 38,989 106,637 66,683 38,446 105,129 965 543 1,508
Technical Revisions 20,541.45 (5,175) 15,366.45 19,902.45 (5,169) 14,733.45 799 64 863 (160) (70) (230)
Acquisitions 3,452 1,113 4,565 2,686 872 3,558 766 241 1,007
Dispositions (2,182) (2,150) (4,332) (576) (231) (807) (1,606) (1,919) (3,525)
Economic Factors (3,722) (1,474) (5,196) (2,561) (921) (3,482) (1,161) (553) (1,714)
Production (79,073) (79,073) (77,890) (77,890) (1,111) (1,111) (72) (72)
At December 31, 2017 445,051 342,599 787,650 437,199 339,332 776,531 6,713 3,053 9,766 1,139 214 1,353
  Natural Gas Liquids BOE            
  Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
Proved Probable Proved +
Probable
           
Factors (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mbbl) (Mboe) (Mboe) (Mboe)            
At December 31, 2016 17,856 13,730 31,586 175,815 114,307 290,122            
Discoveries            
Extensions & Improved Recovery 5,881 1,469 7,350 21,151 11,906 33,057            
Technical Revisions (128) 189 61 4,953 (3,781) 1,172            
Acquisitions 351 113 464 942 303 1,245            
Dispositions (3) (1) (4) (367) (359) (726)            
Economic Factors (185) (68) (253) (1,101) (450) (1,551)            
Production (2,674) (2,674) (24,829) (24,829)            
At December 31, 2017 21,098 15,432 36,530 176,564 121,926 298,490            

 

Notes:

(1)"Proved" reserves are those reserves that can be estimated with a high degree of certainty to be recoverable. It is likely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will exceed the estimated proved reserves.
(2)"Probable" reserves are those additional reserves that are less certain to be recovered than proved reserves. It is equally likely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will be greater or less than the sum of the estimated proved plus probable reserves.
(3)The pricing assumptions used in the GLJ Report with respect to net present value of future net revenue (forecast) as well as the inflation rates used for operating and capital costs are set forth above. See “Forecast Prices used in Estimates”. The NGL price is an aggregate of the individual natural gas liquids prices used in the Total Proved plus Probable evaluation. GLJ is an independent qualified reserves evaluator appointed pursuant to NI 51-101.
(4)For reporting purposes, “Total Oil” is the sum of Light Crude oil and Medium Crude Oil, Heavy Oil and Tight Oil. For reporting purposes, “Total Gas” is the sum of Conventional Natural Gas, Coal Bed Methane and Shale Gas.
(5)“Coal Bed Methane” and “Shale Gas” were considered “Unconventional Natural Gas” in previous years. NI 51-101 no longer differentiates between conventional and unconventional activities.

 

 36 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Undeveloped Reserves

 

Proved undeveloped reserves are those reserves expected to be recovered from known accumulations where a significant expenditure (for example, when compared to the cost of drilling a well) is required to render them capable of production. These reserves have a 90% probability of being recovered. Vermilion's current plan is to develop these reserves in the following three years. The pace of development of these reserves is influenced by many factors, including but not limited to, the outcomes of yearly drilling and reservoir evaluations, changes in commodity pricing, changes in capital allocations, changing technical conditions, regulatory changes and impact of future acquisitions and dispositions. As new information becomes available these reserves are reviewed and development plans are revised accordingly.

 

Probable undeveloped reserves are those reserves expected to be recovered from known accumulations where a significant expenditure (for example, when compared to the cost of drilling a well) is required to render them capable of production. These reserves have a 50% probability of being recovered. Vermilion's current plan is to develop these reserves over the next five years. In general, development of these reserves requires additional evaluation data to increase the probability of success to a level that favourably ranks the project against other projects in Vermilion's inventory. This increases the timeline for the development of these reserves. This timetable may be altered depending on outside market forces, changes in capital allocations and impact of future acquisitions and dispositions.

 

Timing of Initial Undeveloped Reserves Assignment

 

Undeveloped Reserves Attributed in Current Year

 

 

 

Light Crude Oil & Medium
Crude Oil
Conventional Natural Gas Coal Bed Methane Natural Gas Liquids Total Oil Equivalent
    (Mbbl)   (MMcf)   (MMcf)   (Mbbl)   (Mboe
 

First

Attributed (1)

Booked

First

Attributed (1)

Booked

First

Attributed (1)

Booked

First

Attributed (1)

Booked

First

Attributed (1)

Booked
Proved                    
Prior to 2014 15,663 36,784 62,418 511,944 13,134 47,737 4,382 7,279 32,638 137,343
2014 5,614 15,434 26,111 170,763 11,610 2,175 7,942 12,140 53,772
2015 4,182 15,989 30,963 78,022 333 3,367 2,500 7,287 11,898 36,842
2016 1,411 16,140 25,023 90,934 3,043 1,737 7,546 7,318 39,348
2017 2,221 16,816 36,709 99,458 2,023 3,988 9,133 12,327 42,862
Probable                    
Prior to 2014 23,890 63,484 81,938 276,407 7,773 29,252 4,724 7,784 43,567 122,212
2014 6,541 22,050 60,779 163,645 6,741 3,762 9,615 20,432 60,063
2015 6,118 25,126 50,125 122,802 57 2,949 5,708 10,965 20,190 57,050
2016 4,918 27,863 66,129 167,973 3,328 1,611 10,506 17,550 66,919
2017 4,336 28,646 38,537 197,647 1,055 2,802 11,455 13,561 73,217

 

Note:

(1) “First Attributed” refers to reserves first attributed at year-end of the corresponding fiscal year

 

 37 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Future Development Costs (1)

 

The table below sets out the future development costs deducted in the estimation of future net revenue attributable to total proved reserves and total proved plus probable reserves (using forecast prices and costs).

 

 

(M$)

Total Proved
Estimated Using Forecast Prices and Costs
Total Proved Plus Probable
Estimated Using Forecast Prices and Costs
Australia    
2018 11,565 11,565
2019 70,052 70,052
2020 3,026 3,026
2021 3,140 58,821
2022 3,164 3,164
Remainder 9,936 20,173
Total for all years undiscounted 100,883 166,801
Canada    
2018 136,499 150,107
2019 142,540 155,186
2020 110,461 139,784
2021 20,828 119,929
2022 622 114,329
Remainder 1,373 65,337
Total for all years undiscounted 412,323 744,672
France    
2018 30,969 52,162
2019 34,118 84,258
2020 19,848 100,335
2021 26,017 59,875
2022 4,289 24,707
Remainder 10,633 24,859
Total for all years undiscounted 125,874 346,196
Germany    
2018 2,116 5,381
2019 11,172 17,742
2020 3,162 10,590
2021 3,185 29,808
2022 124 38,918
Remainder 650 2,460
Total for all years undiscounted 20,409 104,899
Ireland    
2018
2019 1,855 1,855
2020 19,271
2021
2022
Remainder 17,052 17,052
Total for all years undiscounted 18,907 38,178
Netherlands    
2018 3,205 9,569
2019 12,253 13,923
2020 6,181 14,170
2021 324 4,909
2022 326 4,921
Remainder 5,877 5,877
Total for all years undiscounted 28,166 53,369

 

 38 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

(M$)

Total Proved

Estimated Using Forecast Prices and Costs

Total Proved Plus Probable

Estimated Using Forecast Prices and Costs

United States    
2018 3,797 11,392
2019 28,082 39,224
2020 35,114 46,818
2021 48,532
2022
Remainder
Total for all years undiscounted 66,993 145,966
Total Company    
2018 188,151 240,176
2019 300,072 382,240
2020 177,792 333,994
2021 53,494 321,874
2022 8,525 186,039
Remainder 45,521 135,758
Total for all years undiscounted 773,555 1,600,081

 

Note:

(1)The pricing assumptions used in the GLJ Report with respect to net present value of future net revenue (forecast) as well as the inflation rates used for operating and capital costs are set forth above. See “Forecast Prices used in Estimates”. The NGL price is an aggregate of the individual natural gas liquids prices used in the Total Proved plus Probable evaluation. GLJ is an independent qualified reserves evaluator appointed pursuant to NI 51-101.

 

Vermilion expects to source its capital expenditure requirements from internally generated cash flow and, as appropriate, from Vermilion’s existing credit facility or equity or debt financing. It is anticipated that costs of funding the future development costs will not impact development of its properties or Vermilion’s reserves or future net revenue.

 

Oil and Gas Properties and Wells (1) (2)

 

The following table sets forth the number of wells in which Vermilion held a working interest as at December 31, 2017:

 

  

Oil   Gas
  Producing   Non-Producing (5)   Producing   Non-Producing (5)
  Gross Wells (3) Net Wells (4)   Gross Wells (3) Net Wells (4)   Gross Wells (3) Net Wells (4)   Gross Wells (3) Net Wells (4)
Canada                      
Alberta 480 338   161 99   523 375   339 231
Saskatchewan 159 137   28 23     2 2
Total Canada 639 475   189 123   523 375   341 233
Australia 18 18   1 1    
France 338 332   95 93     3 3
Germany 135 104   38 31   20 7   5 3
Ireland     6 1  
Netherlands     56 39   40 32
United States (Wyoming) 13 11   2 1    
Total Vermilion 1,143 940   325 249   605 422   389 271

 

Notes:

(1)Well counts are based on wellbores.
(2)Wells for Australia and Ireland are located offshore.
(3)"Gross" refers to the total wells in which Vermilion has an interest, directly or indirectly.
(4)"Net" refers to the total wells in which Vermilion has an interest, directly or indirectly, multiplied by the percentage working interest owned by Vermilion, directly or indirectly, therein.
(5)Non-producing wells include wells which are capable of producing, but which are currently not producing, and are re-evaluated with respect to future commodity prices, proximity to facility infrastructure, design of future exploration and development programs and access to capital.

 

 39 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Costs Incurred

 

The following table summarizes the capital expenditures made by Vermilion on oil and gas properties for the year ended December 31, 2017:

 

 

Acquisition Costs      
(M$)

Proved

Properties

Unproved

Properties

Exploration

Costs

Development

Costs

Total

Costs

Australia 29,896 29,896
Canada 22,011 148,211 170,222
Croatia 2,764 2,764
France 2,294 69,026 71,320
Germany 3,366 5,710 9,076
Hungary 2,596 2,596
Ireland 544 544
Netherlands 16,468 14,956 31,424
United States 3,403 19,058 22,461
Total 25,414 32,103 287,401 344,918

 

Acreage

 

The following table summarizes the acreage for the year ended December 31, 2017:

 

 

 

Gross (2)

Developed (1)

Net (3)

Gross (2)

Undeveloped

Net (3)

Total

Gross (2)(4)

Total

Net (3)(4)

Australia 20,164 20,164 39,389 39,389 59,553 59,553
Canada 445,665 330,940 430,766 376,448 876,431 707,388
Croatia 2,348,984 2,348,984 2,348,984 2,348,984
France 218,110 208,858 383,050 379,813 601,160 588,671
Germany 88,603 32,662 2,787,722 1,214,962 2,876,325 1,247,624
Hungary 652,817 652,817 652,817 652,817
Ireland 7,200 1,300 7,200 1,300
Netherlands 81,328 48,848 1,374,458 777,189 1,455,786 826,037
Slovakia 184,591 92,295 184,591 92,295
United States 5,058 4,721 104,452 92,436 109,510 97,157
Total 866,128 647,493 8,306,229 5,974,333 9,172,357 6,621,826

 

Notes:

(1)“Developed” means the acreage assigned to productive wells based on applicable regulations.
(2)“Gross” means the total acreage in which Vermilion has a working interest, directly or indirectly.
(3)“Net” means the total acreage in which Vermilion has a working interest, directly or indirectly, multiplied by the percentage working interest of Vermilion.
(4)When determining gross and net acreage for two or more leases covering the same lands but different rights, the acreage is reported for each lease. Where there are multiple discontinuous rights in a single lease, the acreage is reported only once.

 

 40 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Exploration and Development Activities

 

The following table sets forth the number of development and exploration wells which Vermilion completed during its 2017 financial year:

 

 

 

Gross (1)

Exploration Wells

Net (2)

Gross (1)

Development Wells

Net (2)

Australia        
Oil
Gas
Dry Holes
Total Completed
Canada        
Oil 20.0 18.1
Gas 24.0 17.4
Dry Holes
Total Completed 44.0 35.5
France        
Oil 7.0 7.0
Gas
Dry Holes
Total Completed 7.0 7.0
Germany        
Oil
Gas
Dry Holes
Total Completed
Ireland        
Oil
Gas
Dry Holes
Total Completed
Netherlands        
Oil
Gas 2.0 1.0
Dry Holes
Total Completed 2.0 1.0
United States        
Oil 3.0 3.0
Gas
Dry Holes
Total Completed 3.0 3.0
Total Company        
Oil 30.0 28.1
Gas 26.0 18.4
Dry Holes
Total Completed 56.0 46.5

 

Notes:

(1)"Gross" refers to the total wells in which Vermilion has an interest, directly or indirectly.
(2)"Net" refers to the total wells in which Vermilion has an interest, directly or indirectly, multiplied by the percentage working interest owned by Vermilion, directly or indirectly therein.

 

Please see "Description of the Business - Operating Segments and Description of Properties" for a general description of the Company's current and likely exploration and development activities.

 

 41 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Properties with No Attributed Reserves

 

The following table sets out Vermilion's properties with no attributed reserves as at December 31, 2017:

 

 

Properties with No Attributed Reserves 

Country Gross Acres (1) Net Acres
Australia 39,389 39,389
Canada 161,208 140,880
Croatia 2,348,984 2,348,984
France 272,487 270,184
Germany 2,717,434 1,184,328
Hungary 652,817 652,817
Ireland
Netherlands 1,319,359 746,033
Slovakia 184,591 92,295
United States 95,556 84,564
Total 7,791,825 5,559,474

 

Notes:

(1)"Gross" refers to the total acres in which Vermilion has an interest, directly or indirectly.
(2)"Net" refers to the total acres in which Vermilion has an interest, directly or indirectly, multiplied by the percentage working interest owned by Vermilion, directly or indirectly therein.

 

Vermilion expects its rights to explore, develop and exploit approximately 31,540 (26,581 net) acres in Canada, 3,681 (3,116 net) acres in the United States, and 117,618 (117,618 net) acres in France to expire within one year, unless the Company initiates the capital activity necessary to retain the rights. Work commitments on these lands are categorized as seismic acquisition, geophysical studies or well commitments.  No such rights are expected to expire within one year for Australia, Croatia, Germany, Hungary, Ireland and the Netherlands. Vermilion currently has no material work commitments in Australia, Canada and the United States. Vermilion's work commitments with respect to its European lands held are estimated to be $19.6 million in the next year.

 

Vermilion’s properties with no attributed reserves do not have any significant abandonment and reclamation costs in any country other than Canada, which has a net estimated cost of $27.3 million.  All properties with no attributed reserves do not have high expected development or operating costs or contractual sales obligations to produce and sell at substantially lower prices than could be realized.

 

 42 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Tax Information

 

Vermilion pays current taxes in France, the Netherlands and Australia. Current income taxes in France and the Netherlands apply to taxable income after eligible deductions. In France, legislation was approved in late December 2017 to reduce current income tax rates starting in 2019. The new France tax rates are 34.4% for 2017 and 2018, 32% for 2019, 28.9% for 2020, 27.4% for 2021 and 25.8% for 2022 forward. In the Netherlands, current income taxes are applied to taxable income, after eligible deductions and a 10% uplift deduction applied to operating expenses, eligible general and administration expenses and tax deductions for depletion and abandonment retirement obligations, at a tax rate of 50%. As a function of the impact of Vermilion’s tax pools, the Company does not presently pay, or is expected to pay in the foreseeable future, current taxes in Canada, Germany, Ireland and the United States. The Canadian segment includes holding companies that pay current taxes in foreign jurisdictions.

 

In Australia, current taxes include both corporate income taxes and PRRT. Corporate income taxes are applied at a rate of approximately 30% on taxable income after eligible deductions, which include PRRT paid. PRRT is a profit based tax applied at a rate of 40% on sales less eligible expenditures, including operating expenses and capital expenditures.

 

The following table sets forth Vermilion’s tax pools as at December 31, 2017:

 

(M$)

Oil and Gas Assets   Tax Losses   Other Total
Australia 266,208 (1)   266,208
Canada 914,071 (1) 517,687 (4) 20,113 1,451,871
France 332,435 (2) 10,688 (5) 343,123
Germany 184,549 (3) 88,712 (6) 18,878 292,139
Ireland   1,327,743 (4) 1,327,743
Netherlands 78,417 (3) 7,078   85,495
United States 37,022 (1) 43,305 (4) 1,783 82,110
Total 1,812,702   1,995,213   40,774 3,848,689

 

Notes:

(1)Deduction calculated using various declining balance rates
(2)Deduction calculated using a combination of straight-line over the assets life and unit of production method
(3)Deduction calculated using a unit of production method
(4)Tax losses can be carried forward at 100% against taxable income
(5)Tax losses carried forward are available to offset the first €1 million of taxable income and 50% of taxable profits in excess each taxation year
(6)Tax losses carried forward are available to offset the first €1 million of taxable income and 60% of taxable profits in excess each taxation year

 

 43 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Production Estimates

The following table sets forth the volume of production estimated for the year ended December 31, 2017 as reflected in the estimates of gross proved reserves and gross proved plus probable reserves in the GLJ Report:

 

 

 

Light Crude Oil &

Medium Crude Oil

Heavy Oil Tight Oil

Conventional

Natural Gas

Shale

Natural Gas

Coal Bed

Methane

 Natural Gas

Liquids

BOE
  (bbl/d) (bbl/d) (bbl/d) (Mcf/d) (Mcf/d) (Mcf/d) (bbl/d) (boe/d)
Australia                
Proved 4,474 4,474
Probable 180 180
Proved Plus Probable 4,654 4,654
Canada                
Proved 6,170 99,301 404 2,139 8,521 31,665
Probable 506 11,252 9 111 1,097 3,498
Proved Plus Probable 6,676 110,553 413 2,250 9,618 35,163
France                
Proved 11,225 1,288 11,440
Probable 756 11 758
Proved Plus Probable 11,981 1,299 12,198
Germany                
Proved 1,112 16,584 3,876
Probable 37 691 152
Proved Plus Probable 1,149 17,275 4,028
Ireland                
Proved 52,211 8,702
Probable 4,612 769
Proved Plus Probable 56,823 9,471
Netherlands                
Proved 44,424 154 7,558
Probable 6,361 19 1,079
Proved Plus Probable 50,785 173 8,637
United States                
Proved 578 404 55 700
Probable 273 156 22 321
Proved Plus Probable 851 560 77 1,021
Total Proved 23,559 214,212 404 2,139 8,730 68,415
Probable 1,752 23,083 9 111 1,138 6,757
Total Proved Plus Probable 25,311 237,295 413 2,250 9,868 75,172

 

 44 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Production History

 

The following table sets forth certain information in respect of production, product prices received, royalties, production costs and netbacks received by Vermilion for each quarter of its most recently completed financial year. Light crude oil and medium crude oil average net prices received in the following table also includes immaterial amounts generated by the sale of heavy oil.

 

 

 

Three Months Ended
March 31, 2017
Three Months Ended
June 31, 2017
Three Months Ended
September 31, 2017
Three Months Ended
December 31, 2017
Australia        
Average Daily Production        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil (bbl/d) 6,581 6,054 5,473 4,993
Conventional Natural Gas (MMcf/d)
Natural Gas Liquids (bbl/d)
Average Net Prices Received        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl) 77.11 71.37 66.97 83.32
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)
Royalties        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)
Production Costs        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl) 22.12 23.22 23.35 28.11
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)
Netback Received        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl) 54.99 48.15 43.62 55.21
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)
Canada        
Average Daily Production        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil (bbl/d) 5,650 6,357 6,177 5,872
Conventional Natural Gas (MMcf/d) 85.74 93.68 103.92 107.91
Natural Gas Liquids (bbl/d) 5,007 6,593 8,001 9,066
Average Net Prices Received        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl) 66.71 64.35 56.97 74.27
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf) 2.99 2.83 1.84 1.88
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl) 41.09 37.14 36.98 42.8
Royalties        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl) 8.29 8.22 5.46 7.04
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf) 0.21 0.09 0.03 0.07
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl) 5.9 5.48 4.47 5.75
Transportation        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl) 3.11 2.59 3.25 3.88
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf) 0.22 0.19 0.17 0.15
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl) 1.85 1.36 1.31 1.44
Production Costs        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl) 11.41 8.23 11.05 10.51
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf) 1.16 1.31 1.22 1.19
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl) 4.3 5.65 6.18 6.49
Netback Received        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl) 43.9 45.31 37.21 52.84
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf) 1.4 1.24 0.42 0.47
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl) 29.04 24.65 25.02 29.12

 

 45 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

France        
Average Daily Production        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil (bbl/d) 10,834 11,368 10,918 11,215
Conventional Natural Gas (MMcf/d) 0.01
Natural Gas Liquids (bbl/d)
Average Net Prices Received        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl) 67.86 62.09 63.24 75.13
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf) 1.52
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)
Royalties        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl) 6.06 6.1 6.12 10.11
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf) 0.44
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)
Transportation        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl) 3.45 3.6 3.29 4.27
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)
Production Costs        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl) 12.94 11.86 12.58 13.67
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf) 1.18
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)
Netback Received        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl) 45.41 40.53 41.25 47.08
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf) (0.1)
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)
Germany        
Average Daily Production        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil (bbl/d) 989 1,047 1,054 1,148
Conventional Natural Gas (MMcf/d) 19.39 19.86 20.12 18.19
Natural Gas Liquids (bbl/d)
Average Net Prices Received
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl) 65.62 61.34 55.95 72.58
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf) 6.95 6.09 5.5 7.07
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)
Royalties        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl) 3.67 1.25 2.43 1.72
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf) 0.6 0.74 1.09 0.97
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)
Transportation
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl) 8.11 9.22 8.97 5.86
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf) 0.44 0.65 0.39 0.35
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)
Production Costs
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl) 16.53 20.99 12.75 30.31
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf) 1.98 2.21 1.2 1.84
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)
Netback Received
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl) 37.31 29.88 31.8 34.69
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf) 3.93 2.49 2.82 3.91
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)

 

 46 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Ireland        
Average Daily Production        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil (bbl/d)
Conventional Natural Gas (MMcf/d) 64.82 63.81 49.04 56.23
Natural Gas Liquids (bbl/d)
Average Net Prices Received
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf) 7.65 6.32 6.25 8.47
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)
Royalties
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)
Transportation
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf) 0.21 0.22 0.28 0.29
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)
Production Costs
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf) 0.69 0.84 1.27 0.58
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)
Netback Received
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf) 6.75 5.26 4.7 7.6
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)
Netherlands        
Average Daily Production        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil (bbl/d)
Conventional Natural Gas (MMcf/d) 39.92 31.58 34.9 55.66
Natural Gas Liquids (bbl/d) 76 104 74 105
Average Net Prices Received        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf) 7.34 6.49 6.51 7.87
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl) 58.33 49.59 52.1 66.38
Royalties        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf) 0.12 0.1 0.11 0.13
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)
Production Costs        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf) 1.35 1.7 1.4 1.36
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)
Netback Received        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl)
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf) 5.87 4.69 5 6.38
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl) 58.33 49.59 52.1 66.38

 

 47 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

United States        
Average Daily Production        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil (bbl/d) 365 747 880 667
Conventional Natural Gas (MMcf/d) 0.2 0.44 0.64 0.29
Natural Gas Liquids (bbl/d) 24 76 56 43
Average Net Prices Received        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl) 61.68 58.05 56.41 67.1
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf) 2.48 1.55 2.07 2.48
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl) 25.67 14.7 24.9 42.59
Royalties        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl) 17.2 16.18 15.44 18.4
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf) 1.03 0.66 0.78 0.88
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl) 1.03 0.66 0.78 0.88
Transportation        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl) 0.27 0.21
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)
Production Costs        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl) 8.68 5.69 7.92 6.48
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf)
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl)
Netback Received        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl) 35.8 36.18 32.78 42.01
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf) 1.45 0.89 1.29 1.6
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl) 24.64 14.04 24.12 41.71
Total        
Average Daily Production        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil (bbl/d) 21,805 26,687 25,190 23,701
Conventional Natural Gas (MMcf/d) 210.07 209.36 208.62 238.28
Natural Gas Liquids (bbl/d) 5,107 6,772 8,147 9,216
Average Net Prices Received        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl) 69.5 65.06 62.01 76.21
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf) 5.62 4.75 4.01 5.23
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl) 41.27 37.08 37.01 43.07
Royalties        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl) 5.31 4.94 4.73 7.2
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf) 0.16 0.13 0.14 0.14
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl) 5.82 5.38 4.45 5.71
Transportation Costs        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl) 2.72 2.45 2.67 3.28
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf) 0.19 0.21 0.19 0.17
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl) 1.81 1.32 1.29 1.42
Production Costs        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl) 14.76 14.29 14.7 18.13
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf) 1.12 1.31 1.26 1.13
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl) 4.21 5.5 6.07 6.38
Netback Received        
Light Crude Oil and Medium Crude Oil ($/bbl) 46.71 43.38 39.91 47.6
Conventional Natural Gas ($/Mcf) 4.15 3.1 2.42 3.79
Natural Gas Liquids ($/bbl) 29.43 24.88 25.2 29.56

 

 48 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Marketing

 

The nature of Vermilion’s operations results in exposure to fluctuations in commodity prices, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. Vermilion monitors and, when appropriate, uses derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure to these fluctuations. All transactions of this nature entered into by Vermilion are related to an underlying financial position or to future crude oil and natural gas production. Vermilion does not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes. Vermilion has not obtained collateral or other security to support its financial derivatives as management reviews the creditworthiness of its counterparties prior to entering into derivative contracts.

 

During the normal course of business, Vermilion may also enter into fixed price arrangements to sell a portion of its production or purchase commodities for operational use.

 

Vermilion’s outstanding risk management positions as at December 31, 2017 are summarized in Supplemental Table 2: Hedges, included in the Company’s 2017 Management’s Discussion and Analysis, dated February 28, 2018, available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com, under Vermilion’s SEDAR profile.

 

 49 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS

 

As at January 31, 2018, the directors and officers of Vermilion, as a group, beneficially owned, or controlled or directed, directly or indirectly, 4,082,950 common shares representing approximately 3.3% of the issued and outstanding common shares.

 

Set forth below is certain information respecting the current directors and officers of Vermilion. References to Vermilion in the following tables for dates prior to the Conversion Arrangement refer to VRL and to the Company following the date of the Conversion Arrangement.

 

Directors

 

Vermilion’s board of directors currently consists of eleven directors. The directors are nominated by the Company and elected annually by Shareholders and hold office until the next annual meeting of Shareholders, or until their successors are elected or appointed.

 

 

Name and

Municipality of

Residence

Committee(s) Office Held

Year First

Elected or

Appointed

as Director

Principal Occupation During the Past Five Years

Lorenzo Donadeo

Calgary, Alberta

Canada

 

 

(1)

Chairman of

the Board

 

1994

Since March 1, 2016, Chairman of the Board of Vermilion

 

March 2014 – March 1, 2016 Chief Executive Officer of Vermilion

 

2003 – March 2014, President and Chief Executive Officer of Vermilion

 

Since January 2015, Managing Director of a group of private wealth management companies 

Stephen Larke

Calgary, Alberta

Canada

 

(3) (4) Director 2017

Since 2016, Operating Partner and Advisory Board Member, Azimuth Capital Management, a private equity fund

 

2005 to 2015, Managing Director and Principal, Institutional Sales, and Executive Committee Member, Peters & Co., a private investment dealer 

Loren M. Leiker

Houston, Texas

USA

 

(6) Director 2012

Since 2014, Director of Navitas Midstream Partners LLC

 

Since 2012, Director of SM Energy, a public energy company

 

2012 to 2015, Director of Midstates Petroleum, a public exploration and production company 

Larry J. Macdonald

Okotoks, Alberta

Canada

 

(2) (3) (4) (5) Lead Director 2002

Since March 1, 2016, Lead Director of Vermilion

 

2003 to March 1, 2016, Chairman of the Board of Vermilion

 

2012 to 2016, Chairman Northpoint Resources, a private oil and gas company

 

Since 2003, Chairman & Chief Executive Officer and Director of Point Energy Ltd., a private oil and gas company

 

2006 to 2013, Director of Sure Energy Inc. 

William F. Madison

Sugar Land, Texas

USA

 

(5) (6) Director 2004

Since 2007, Director of Canadian Oil Recovery and Remediation Enterprise, Inc., a public oil recovery and remediation company

 

2011 to 2017, Director of Montana Tech Foundation, an independent, non-profit organization 

Timothy R. Marchant

Calgary, Alberta

Canada

 

(5) (6) Director 2010

Since 2015, Director, Valeura Energy Inc., a public oil and gas company

 

Since 2013, Non-Executive Director of Cub Energy Inc., a public oil and gas company

 

Since 2009, Adjunct Professor of Strategy and Energy Geopolitics, Haskayne School of Business

 

2011 to 2013, Executive Chair of Anatolia Energy Corp., a public oil and gas company 

Anthony W. Marino

Calgary, Alberta

Canada

 

  President & Chief Executive Officer and Director 2016

Since March 1, 2016, President and Chief Executive Officer

 

March 2014 – March 1, 2016, President and Chief Operating Officer of Vermilion

 

June 2012 – March 2014, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Vermilion

 

2009 to 2012, Director, President & CEO, Baytex Energy Corporation, a public oil and gas company 

 

 50 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Robert Michaleski

Calgary, Alberta

Canada

(3) (4) Director 2016

Since 2013, Director of United Way of Calgary and Area, a non-profit organization

 

2012 to 2013, Chief Executive Officer of Pembina Pipeline Corporation, a public energy transportation company

 

2000 to 2012, President and Chief Executive Officer of Pembina Pipeline Corporation

 

Since 2012, Director of Essential Energy Services Ltd., a public oilfield services company

 

Since 2003, Director of Coril Holdings Ltd., a private investment company

 

Since 2000, Director of Pembina Pipeline Corporation 

Sarah E. Raiss

Calgary, Alberta

Canada

(4) (5) Director 2014

Since 2016, Direct and Chair, Compensation of Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers, a public heavy equipment auction company.

 

Since 2014, Director, Loblaw Companies Limited, a public food distributor company

 

Since 2011, Director, Commercial Metals Company, a public global, metals recycling, manufacturing, fabricating and trading company

 

2012 to 2015, Board Chair, Alberta Electric Systems Operator, a not-for-profit entity responsible for the planning and operation of the Alberta Interconnected Electric System

 

2012 to February 2016, Director, Canadian Oil Sands Limited, a public oil company

2009 to 2014, Director, Shoppers Drug Mart Corporation, a public pharmacy products and services company 

William Roby

Katy, Texas

USA 

 

(5) (6) Director 2017

Since 2015, Chief Executive Officer, Shepherd Energy, LLC., a private energy efficiency services company

 

2013 to 2014, Chief Operating Officer, Sheridan Production Company, LLC., a private oil and gas company

 

2000 to 2013, Senior Vice President and other management positions, Occidental Petroleum Corporation, a public oil and gas company 

Catherine L. Williams

Calgary, Alberta

Canada

(3) (4) Director 2015

Since 2010, Chair of Human Resources and Compensation Committee, Enbridge Inc., a public energy transportation company

 

Since 2007, Director of Enbridge Inc., a public energy transportation company

 

Since 2007, Owner and Managing Director, Options Canada Ltd., a private investment company

 

2016 to 2017, Director of Enbridge Income Fund, an energy infrastructure asset investment vehicle

 

2015 to 2017, Director of Enbridge Pipelines Inc. and Enbridge Income Partners GP Inc., subsidiaries of Enbridge Inc., a public energy transportation company

 

2015 to 2017, Trustee of Enbridge Commercial Trust, a subsidiary of Enbridge Inc., a public energy transportation company

 

2009 to 2014, Director, Alberta Investment Management Corporation, an institutional investment fund manager

 

2009 to 2012, Director, Tim Hortons Inc., a publicly-traded restaurant chain in North America 

 

Committees:

(1)Chairman of the Board
(2)Lead Director
(3)Member of the Audit Committee
(4)Member of the Governance and Human Resources Committee
(5)Member of the Health, Safety and Environment Committee
(6)Member of the Independent Reserves Committee

 

 51 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Officers

 

Name and

Municipality of

Residence

Office Held Principal Occupation During the Past Five Years

Anthony W. Marino

Calgary, Alberta

Canada

President &

Chief Executive Officer

Since March 1, 2016, President and Chief Executive Officer of Vermilion

 

March 2014 – March 1, 2016, President and Chief Operating Officer of Vermilion

 

June 2012 – March 2014, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Vermilion

 

2009 to 2012, Director, President & CEO, Baytex Energy Corporation, a public oil and gas company 

Curtis W. Hicks

Calgary, Alberta

Canada 

Executive Vice President

& Chief Financial Officer

Since 2004, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Vermilion

 

Mona Jasinski

Calgary, Alberta

Canada

Executive Vice President

People & Culture

Since February 2015, Executive Vice President, People and Culture of Vermilion

 

2011 to 2015, Executive Vice President People of Vermilion 

Michael Kaluza

Calgary, Alberta

Canada

 

Executive Vice President

& Chief Operating Officer

Since March 1, 2016, Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of Vermilion

 

May 2014 – March 1, 2016, Vice President, Canada Business Unit of Vermilion

 

2013 to 2014, Director Canada Business Unit of Vermilion

 

2012 to 2013, Vice President, Corporate Development and Planning, Baytex Energy Corporation, a public oil and gas company

 

2011 to 2012, Vice President, Planning, Baytex Energy Corporation, a public oil and gas company 

Anthony (Dion) Hatcher

Calgary, Alberta

Canada

Vice President

Canada Business Unit

Since March 1, 2016, Vice President Canada Business Unit of Vermilion

 

May 1, 2014 to March 1, 2016, Director Alberta Foothills – Canada Business Unit of Vermilion

 

February 2013 to May 2014, Cardium / LRG Development Manager of Vermilion

 

January 2010 to February 2013 – Cardium Development Manager of Vermilion 

Terry Hergott

Calgary, Alberta

Canada

Vice President

Marketing

Since April 2012, Vice President, Marketing of Vermilion

 

1998 to 2012, Canadian Supply and Trading Manager, Marathon Petroleum Corp. 

Gerard Schut

Den Haag

The Netherlands

Vice President

European Operations

Since July 2012, Vice President European Operations of Vermilion

 

August 2006 to May 2012, General Manager, Chevron Exploration and Production Netherlands, a subsidiary of Chevron Corporation, a public oil and gas company 

Jenson Tan

Calgary, Alberta

Canada

Vice President

Business Development

Since October 2017, Vice President, Business Development of Vermilion

 

July 2016 to October 2017, Director, Business Development of Vermilion

 

July 2013 to July 2016, Director, New Ventures of Vermilion

 

November 2010 to July 2013, Business Development Professional of Vermilion 

Robert J. Engbloom, Q.C.

Calgary, Alberta

Canada

Corporate Secretary

Since January 2015, senior partner with Norton Rose Fulbright Canada LLP, a law firm

 

2012 to 2014, partner with and Deputy Chair of Norton Rose Fulbright Canada LLP, a law firm 

 

 52 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STRUCTURE

 

Credit Ratings

 

The following information relating to the Company's credit ratings is provided as it relates to the Company's financing costs, liquidity and operations. Specifically, credit ratings affect the Company's ability to obtain short-term and long-term financing and the cost of such financing.  Additionally, the ability of the Company to engage in certain collateralized business activities on a cost effective basis depends on the Company's credit ratings.  A reduction in the current rating on the Company's debt by its rating agencies, particularly a downgrade below current ratings, or a negative change in the Company's ratings outlook could adversely affect the Company's cost of financing and its access to sources of liquidity and capital.  In addition, changes in credit ratings may affect the Company's ability to, and the associated costs of, (i) entering into ordinary course derivative or hedging transactions and may require the Company to post additional collateral under certain of its contracts, and (ii) entering into and maintaining ordinary course contracts with customers and suppliers on acceptable terms.

 

Vermilion's Rating

 

Standard & Poor's Ratings Services, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies (Canada) Corporation ("S&P") has assigned a corporate credit rating of Vermilion of “BB-” with a stable outlook. S&P rates long-term corporate credit ratings by rating categories ranging from a high of "AAA" to a low of "D". The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.  In addition, S&P may add a rating outlook of “positive”, “negative” or “stable” which assesses the potential direction of a long-term credit rating over the intermediate term (typically six months to two years). An obligor rated “BB” is characterized by S&P as less vulnerable in the near term than other lower-rated obligors.  However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties and exposure to adverse business, financial or economic conditions, which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.

 

Moody's Investors Service ("Moody's") has assigned a corporate family rating to Vermilion of "Ba3" with a stable outlook. Moody's corporate family ratings are on a rating scale that ranges from Aaa to C, which represents the highest to lowest opinions of creditworthiness. Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa, 3 indicating a ranking in the lower end of the generic rating category. A rating of Ba3 by Moody’s is within the fifth highest of nine categories. Obligations rated Ba3 are considered non-investment grade speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.

 

The following table sets forth the ratings issued by the rating agencies noted therein as of February 28, 2018:

 

Rating Agency Company Rating Outlook Senior Unsecured Notes
S&P BB- Stable BB-
Moody's Ba3 Stable B2

 

Senior Unsecured Notes Rating

 

S&P has assigned a long-term issue credit rating on the senior unsecured notes due March 2025 of BB-. S&P rates long-term debt instruments by rating categories ranging from a high of "AAA" to a low of "D". The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.  An obligation rated "BB" is characterized as less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues.  However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.  The "BB" category is the fifth highest of the ten available categories.

 

Moody's has assigned a long-term obligations rating on the senior unsecured notes due March 2025 of Ba3. Moody’s long-term obligations ratings are on a rating scale that ranges from Aaa to C, which represents the highest to lowest opinions of creditworthiness. Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa, with 2 indicating a mid-range ranking within the generic rating category. A rating of B2 by Moody’s is within the sixth highest of nine categories. Obligations rated B2 are considered non-investment grade speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.

 

 53 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Credit ratings are intended to provide investors with an independent measure of the credit quality of an issuer of securities. The credit ratings accorded to the Senior Unsecured Notes and the Company are not recommendations to purchase, hold or sell such securities and are not a comment upon the market price of the Company's securities or their suitability for a particular investor. There is no assurance that any rating will remain in effect for any given period of time or that any rating will not be revised or withdrawn entirely by a rating agency in the future if, in its judgment, circumstances so warrant. A revision or withdrawal of a credit rating could have a material adverse effect on the pricing or liquidity of the Senior Unsecured Notes or the common shares in any secondary markets. Vermilion does not undertake any obligation to maintain the ratings or to advise holders of the Senior Unsecured Notes or the common shares of any change in ratings. Each agency's rating should be evaluated independently of any other agency's rating.

 

Common Shares

 

The Company is authorized to issue an unlimited number of common shares. Each common share entitles the holder to receive notice of and to attend all meetings of Shareholders and to one vote at any such meeting. The holders of common shares are, at the discretion of the board and subject to applicable legal restrictions, entitled to receive any dividends declared by the board on the common shares. The holders of common shares will be entitled to share equally in any distribution of the assets of the Company upon the liquidation, dissolution, bankruptcy or winding-up of the Company or other distribution of its assets among the Shareholders for the purpose of winding-up the Company’s affairs.

 

Awards (entitling the holder thereof to receive Common Shares) have been issued under the Vermilion Incentive Plan. See note 2 regarding equity compensation plans in Vermilion's annual financial statements as at and for the year ended December 31, 2017 (a copy of which is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com under Vermilion’s SEDAR profile) for further details regarding the amount and value of such awards.

 

Cash Dividends

 

The Company currently pays dividends on a monthly basis. All decisions with respect to the declaration of dividends on the common shares will be made by the board on the basis of the Company's net earnings, financial requirements and other conditions existing at such future time, planned acquisitions, income tax payable by the Company, crude oil and natural gas prices and access to capital markets, as well as the satisfaction of solvency tests imposed by the ABCA on corporations for the declaration and payment of dividends. It is expected that the dividends will be "eligible dividends" for income tax purposes and thus qualify for the enhanced gross-up and tax credit regime for certain Shareholders.

 

 54 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Record of Cash Dividends

 

The following table sets forth the amount of cash distributions per Unit for the specified periods declared by the Trust since the completion of the 2003 Arrangement on January 22, 2003 and the cash dividends per common share for the specified periods declared by the Company since the completion of the Conversion Arrangement on September 1, 2010. Dividends are generally paid on the 15th day of the month following the month of declaration. Until the December 2007 distribution announcement, Vermilion had paid distributions of $0.17 per Trust Unit per month. From the January 2008 payment date and onwards, Vermilion paid distributions of $0.19 per Trust Unit and dividends of $0.19 per common share, in each case per month (as applicable). In January 2013, Vermilion increased its dividend to $0.20 per common share effective for the January 2013 dividend paid in February 2013. In November 2013, Vermilion announced that its board had approved a 7.5% increase in the monthly dividend to $0.215 per common share per month effective for the January 2014 dividend paid in February 2014. The monthly dividend has been maintained at $0.215 per common share per month since January 2014.

 

Period Distribution Amount for Period per Trust Unit
As Vermilion Energy Trust  
2003 – January 22 to December 31 $ 1.87
2004 – January to December $ 2.04
2005 – January to December $ 2.04
2006 – January to December $ 2.04
2007 – January to December $ 2.06
2008 – January to December $ 2.28
2009 – January to December $ 2.28
2010 – January to December (1) $ 1.71
Period Dividend Amount for Period per Common Share
As Vermilion Energy Inc.  
2010 – January to December (1) $ 0.57
2011 – January to December $ 2.28
2012 – January to December $ 2.28
2013 – January to December $ 2.40
2014 – January to December $ 2.58
2015 – January to December $ 2.58
2016 – January to December $ 2.58
2017 – January to December $ 2.58
2018 – January to February $ 0.43
Total cash dividends since January 22, 2003 $ 34.60

 

Note:

(1)Total cash dividends paid out in 2010 by Vermilion and the Trust to a holder of a common share who was a former holder of a Trust Unit equals $2.28.

 

Premium Dividend™ and Dividend Reinvestment Plan

 

Vermilion’s Premium Dividend™ and Dividend Reinvestment Plan (the “Plan”) is comprised of two different components: the Dividend Reinvestment Component and the Premium DividendTM Component. The Premium DividendTM Component was introduced in 2015 as a temporary measure and was discontinued beginning with the July 2017 dividend payment.

 

The Dividend Reinvestment Component allows eligible Shareholders who elect to participate in the Dividend Reinvestment Component to reinvest their dividends in common shares at a discount (currently 2%) to the Average Market Price (with no broker commissions or trading costs). The Plan is similar to our previous Dividend Reinvestment Plan (Vermilion’s Amended and Restated Dividend Reinvestment Plan dated effective September 1, 2010 as amended effective February 27, 2014 (the “Previous DRIP”).

 

Participation in the Plan, which is explained in greater detail in the complete Plan document available on Vermilion’s corporate website at www.vermilionenergy.com (under the heading “Investor Relations” subheading “DRIP”), is subject to eligibility restrictions, applicable withholding taxes, prorating as provided for in the Plan, and other limitations on the availability of common shares to be issued or purchased in certain events. Participation in the Plan is available to Canadian residents and non-U.S. resident foreign Shareholders who meet certain eligibility criteria as set forth in the complete Plan. U.S. resident Shareholders are not currently permitted to participate in the Plan due to the requirement, under U.S. securities regulations, to maintain a continuous shelf registration for issuance of new equity to U.S. Shareholders. At this time, Vermilion has not put in place the required shelf registration due to the high cost of establishing and maintaining such a shelf registration.

 

TM denotes trademark of Canaccord Genuity Capital Corporation.

 

 55 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Shareholder Rights Plan

 

Vermilion has a shareholder rights plan (the "Shareholder Rights Plan") to ensure that, to the extent possible, all Shareholders are treated equally and fairly in connection with any takeover bid for the Company. The Shareholder Rights Plan discourages coercive hostile takeover bids by creating the potential that any Common Shares which may be acquired or held by such a bidder will be significantly diluted. Pursuant to the Shareholder Rights Plan, one right (a "Right") has been issued by the Company in respect of each Common Share that is outstanding prior to the time the Rights separate from the Common Shares (the "Separation Time"). The Separation Time would occur at the time of an unsolicited take-over bid whereby a person acquires or attempts to acquire 20% or more of the Company's Common Shares. Until the Separation Time, the rights are not exercisable or dilutive. The Rights do not change the manner in which Shareholders currently trade their Common Shares and no separate Rights certificates are issued. On or after the Separation Time, each Right would permit the holder, other than 20% acquirer, to purchase Common Shares at a substantial discount to the prevailing market price unless the application of the Rights Plan is waived by the Board of Directors.

 

Vermilion initially adopted a unitholder rights plan in 2003, which was subsequently renewed and approved by unitholders in 2006 and 2009. In conjunction with the conversion of the Trust to a corporation on September 1, 2010, the Shareholder Rights Plan was approved and subsequently reapproved by Shareholders in 2013 and 2016. The Shareholder Rights Plan must be reapproved at every third annual meeting of Shareholders.

 

The foregoing summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Shareholder Rights Plan Agreement, a copy of which is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com under Vermilion's SEDAR profile.

 

 56 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

MARKET FOR SECURITIES

 

The outstanding common shares of the Company are listed and posted for trading on the TSX and the NYSE under the symbol VET. The following table sets forth the closing price range and trading volume of the common shares on the TSX for the periods indicated:

 

2017 High Low Close Volume
January $ 57.98 $ 52.79 $ 53.68 5,456,428
February $ 54.47 $ 50.32 $ 50.51 7,443,561
March $ 52.48 $ 46.85 $ 49.87 8,581,629
April $ 51.03 $ 46.62 $ 48.06 5,522,017
May $ 50.00 $ 41.19 $ 42.27 9,858,101
June $ 45.67 $ 40.80 $ 41.14 9,999,384
July $ 42.77 $ 38.60 $ 41.06 8,023,621
August $ 41.29 $ 38.33 $ 40.70 7,508,957
September $ 46.35 $ 40.52 $ 44.35 8,522,774
October $ 44.48 $ 41.74 $ 44.03 8,028,346
November $ 48.47 $ 44.03 $ 45.50 7,973,483
December $ 46.02 $ 41.38 $ 45.68 8,826,557
2018 High Low Close Volume
January $ 50.46 $ 45.74 $ 46.50 8,487,719

 

 57 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

AUDIT COMMITTEE MATTERS

 

Audit Committee Charter

 

Vermilion has established an audit committee (the "Audit Committee") to assist the board of directors in carrying out its oversight responsibilities with respect to, among other things, financial reporting, internal controls and the external audit process of the Company. The Audit Committee Terms of Reference are set out in Schedule "D" to this annual information form.

 

Composition of the Audit Committee

 

The following table sets forth the name of each current member of the Audit Committee, whether pursuant to applicable securities legislation, such member is considered independent, whether pursuant to applicable securities legislation, such member is considered financially literate and the relevant education and experience of such member.

 

 

Name

Independent

Financially

Literate

Relevant Education and Experience

Catherine L. Williams

(Chair)

 

Yes Yes

Ms. Williams has a Bachelor of Arts degree from University of Western Ontario and a Masters in Business Administration from Queen’s University. Ms. Williams has 31 years of oil and gas industry experience, with an extensive background in finance, mergers and acquisitions, and business management. Ms. Williams is currently the Owner and Managing Director of Options Canada Ltd. (since 2007) and serves as a Board member of Enbridge Inc. (since 2010) and Chairs its Human Resources and Compensation Committee. She was a Board member of Alberta Investment Management Corporation from 2009 to 2014 and Tim Hortons Inc. from 2009 to 2012. From 2003 to 2007, Ms. Williams held the role of Chief Financial Officer for Shell Canada Ltd., prior to which she held various positions with Shell Canada Limited, Shell Europe Oil Products, Shell Canada Oil Products and Shell International (1984 to 2003). 

Stephen Larke Yes Yes

Mr. Larke holds a Bachelor of Commerce (Distinction) degree from the University of Calgary and is a Chartered Financial Analyst. He has over 20 years of experience in energy capital markets, including research, sales, trading and equity finance. He is currently an Operating Partner and Advisory Board member with Azimuth Capital Management, an energy-focused private equity fund based in Calgary, Alberta. From 2005 to 2015, Mr. Larke was Managing Director and Executive Committee member with Peters & Co., an independent energy investment firm based in Calgary.  From 1997 to 2005, he was Vice-President and Director with TD Newcrest, serving in the role of energy equity analyst. 

Larry J. Macdonald Yes Yes

Mr. Macdonald holds a Bachelor of Science degree from the University of Alberta. He has more than 46 years of experience in the oil and gas industry, with an extensive background in leadership, strategy and growth, finance,  exploration, corporate relations and marketing. Mr. Macdonald completed the Executive Management Program at the Wharton Business School at the University of Pennsylvania in 1993 and attended a Financial Literacy Course at the Rotman Business School at the University of Toronto in coordination with the Institute of Corporate Directors.  Currently, he is the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer (since 2003) of Point Energy Ltd., a private oil and gas exploration company.  From 2012 to 2016, he was Chairman of Northpoint Resources.  From 2003 to 2006, he was a Managing Director of Northpoint Energy Ltd., and from 2006 to 2013 a director of Sure Energy Inc. Previously, he was the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Pointwest Energy Inc. and President and Chief Operating Officer of Anderson Exploration Ltd. He began his career with PanCanadian Petroleum Limited in 1969 (until 1977) and later worked for several exploration firms. 

Robert Michaleski Yes Yes Mr. Michaleski holds a Bachelor of Commerce (Honours) degree from the University of Manitoba and is a Chartered Accountant.  He has over 30 years of experience in various senior management and executive capacities at Pembina Pipeline Corporation.  He was Chief Executive Officer from 2000 to 2013 and also President from 2000 to 2012.  He was Vice President and Chief Financial Officer from 1997 to 2000, Vice President of Finance from 1992 to 1997, Controller from 1980 to 1992, and Manager of Internal Audit from 1978 to 1980.  He has been a Director of Pembina since 2000, a Director of Essential Energy Services Ltd. since 2012, and a Director of Coril Holdings Ltd. since 2003.  He is a member of the Institute of Corporate Directors.

 

 58 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

External Audit Service Fees

 

Prior to the commencement of any work, fees for all audit and non-audit services provided by the Company’s auditors must be approved by the Audit Committee.

 

During the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, Deloitte LLP, the auditors of the Company, received the following fees from the Company:

 

Item

2017 2016
Audit fees (1) $ 1,658,920 $ 1,545,495
Audit-related fees (2) $ 123,000 $ 18,325
Tax fees (3) $ 34,828 $ 57,614

 

Notes:

(1)Audit fees consisted of professional services rendered by Deloitte LLP for the audit of the Company's financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016.
(2)Audit-related fees billed by Deloitte LLP for assurance and related services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of Vermilion’s financial statements, but which are not included in the audit fees. Audit related fees increased in 2017 as a result of fees billed by Deloitte LLP for assurance and related services associated with the issuance of Vermilion’s Senior Unsecured Notes.
(3)Tax fees consist of fees for tax compliance services in various jurisdictions.

 

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

 

The directors and officers of Vermilion are engaged in and will continue to engage in other activities in the oil and natural gas industry and, as a result of these and other activities, the directors and officers of Vermilion may become subject to conflicts of interest. The ABCA provides that in the event that a director has an interest in a contract or proposed contract or agreement, the director shall disclose his interest in such contract or agreement and shall refrain from voting on any matter in respect of such contract or agreement unless otherwise provided under the ABCA. To the extent that conflicts of interest arise, such conflicts will be resolved in accordance with the provisions of the ABCA.

 

As at the date hereof, Vermilion is not aware of any existing or potential material conflicts of interest between Vermilion and a director or officer of Vermilion.

 

INTEREST OF MANAGEMENT AND OTHERS IN MATERIAL TRANSACTIONS

 

No director or officer of the Company, nor any other insider of the Company, nor their associates or affiliates has or has had, at any time within the three most recently completed financial years ending December 31, 2017, any material interest, direct or indirect, in any transaction or proposed transaction that has materially affected or would materially affect the Company.

 

LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

 

The Company is not party to any significant legal proceedings as of February 28, 2018.

 

MATERIAL CONTRACTS

 

The Company has not entered into any material contracts outside its normal course of business.

 

INTERESTS OF EXPERTS

 

As at the date hereof, principals of GLJ, the independent engineers for the Company, personally disclosed in certificates of qualification that they neither had nor expect to receive any common shares. The principals of GLJ and their employees (as a group) beneficially own less than one percent of any of the Company’s securities.

 

Deloitte LLP is the auditor of the Company and is independent within the meaning of the Rules of Professional Conduct of the Chartered Professional Accountants of Alberta.

 

 59 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR

 

The transfer agent and registrar for the Company’s common shares is Computershare Trust Company of Canada at its principal offices in Calgary, Alberta and Toronto, Ontario.

 

RISK FACTORS

 

The following is a summary of certain risk factors relating to the business of the Company. The following information is a summary only of certain risk factors and is qualified in its entirety by reference to, and must be read in conjunction with, the detailed information appearing elsewhere in this annual information form. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to Vermilion that it currently views as immaterial may also materially and adversely affect its business, financial condition and/or results of operations. Shareholders and potential Shareholders should carefully consider the information contained herein and, in particular, the following risk factors.

 

Reserve Estimates

 

There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating quantities of proved and probable reserves and future net revenues to be derived therefrom, including many factors beyond the Company's control. The reserve and future net revenue information set forth in this annual information form represents estimates only. The reserves and estimated future net cash flow from the Company's properties have been independently evaluated by GLJ with an effective date of December 31, 2017. These evaluations include a number of assumptions relating to factors such as initial production rates, production decline rates, ultimate recovery of reserves, timing and amount of capital expenditures, marketability of production, future prices of crude oil and natural gas, operating costs, well abandonment and salvage values, royalties and other government levies that may be imposed over the producing life of the reserves. These assumptions were based on prices in use at the date the GLJ Report was prepared, and many of these assumptions are subject to change and are beyond the Company's control. Actual production and cash flow derived therefrom will vary from these evaluations, and such variations could be material.

 

Estimates with respect to reserves that may be developed and produced in the future are often based upon volumetric calculations, probabilistic methods and upon analogy to similar types of reserves, rather than upon actual production history. Estimates based on these methods generally are less reliable than those based on actual production history. Subsequent evaluation of the same reserves based upon production history will result in variations, which may be material, in the estimated reserves.

 

Reserve estimates may require revision based on actual production experience. Such figures have been determined based upon assumed commodity prices and operating costs.

 

The present value of estimated future net revenue referred to in this annual information form should not be construed as the fair market value of estimated crude oil and natural gas reserves attributable to the Company's properties. The estimated discounted future revenue from reserves are based upon price and cost estimates which may vary from actual prices and costs and such variance could be material. Actual future net revenue will also be affected by factors such as the amount and timing of actual production, supply and demand for crude oil and natural gas, curtailments or increases in consumption by purchasers and changes in governmental regulations and taxation.

 

Uncertainty of Contingent Resource Estimates

 

Information regarding quantities of contingent resources included in Appendix A to this Annual Information Form are estimates only. References to “contingent resources” do not constitute, and should be distinguished from, references to “reserves”. The same uncertainties inherent in estimating quantities of reserves apply to estimating quantities of contingent resources. In addition, there are contingencies that prevent resources from being classified as reserves. There is no certainty that it will be commercially viable to produce any portion of the contingent resources due to one or more contingencies. Contingencies may include factors such as economic, legal, environmental, political and regulatory matters or a lack of markets. Actual results may vary significantly from these estimates and such variances could be material.

 

 60 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Uncertainty of Prospective Resource Estimates

 

Information regarding quantities of prospective resources included in Appendix A to this Annual Information Form are estimates only. References to “prospective resources” do not constitute, and should be distinguished from, references to “reserves” and “contingent resources”. The same uncertainties inherent in estimating quantities of reserves apply to estimating quantities of prospective resources. In addition, there are contingencies that prevent resources from being classified as reserves. There is no certainty that it will be commercially viable to produce any portion of the prospective resources. Actual results may vary significantly from these estimates and such variances could be material.

 

Volatility of Oil and Natural Gas Prices

 

The Company's operational results and financial condition are dependent on the prices received for oil and natural gas production. Oil and natural gas prices have fluctuated materially during recent years and are determined by supply and demand factors. Demand factors can be impacted by general economic conditions, supply chain requirements, environmental and other factors. Environmental and other factors include changes in weather, weather patterns, fuel conservation measures, alternative fuel requirements, increasing consumer demand for alternatives to oil and gas, and technology advances in fuel economy and energy generation devices. A substantial and prolonged decline in oil and natural gas prices could have an adverse effect on Vermilion's cash flow and financial position, which could include the effect of decreasing dividends.

 

Reputational Risks Relating to Environmental Matters

 

Practices and disclosures relating to environmental matters, including climate change, are attracting increasing scrutiny by stakeholders. Vermilion’s response to addressing environmental matters can impact the Company’s reputation and affect our ability to hire and retain employees; to compete for reserve acquisitions, exploration leases, licenses and concessions; and to receive regulatory approvals required to execute our operating programs.

 

Changes in Tax, Royalty and Other Government Incentive Program Legislation

 

There can be no assurance that income tax laws and government incentive programs relating to the oil and gas industry in Canada and the foreign jurisdictions in which the Company operates, will not be changed in a manner which adversely affects the Company.

 

The Governments of Alberta and Saskatchewan receive royalties on production of natural resources from lands in which they own the mineral rights. A change in the royalty regime resulting in an increase in royalties would reduce Vermilion's net earnings and could make future capital expenditures or Vermilion's operations uneconomic and could, in the event of a material increase in royalties, make it more difficult to service and repay outstanding debt or impair Vermilion’s ability to declare dividends. Any material increase in royalties would also significantly reduce the value of the Company's associated assets.

 

The Government of Alberta released its Royalty Review Advisory Panel Report on January 29, 2016 ("RRAP"). The RRAP recommendations were accepted, which outlined the implementation of a Modernized Royalty Framework ("MRF") that took effect on January 1, 2017. The MRF includes royalty incentives for the efficient development of conventional crude oil, natural gas, and NGL resources, and no changes to the royalty structure of wells drilled prior to 2017 for a 10-year period from the royalty program's implementation date as they will continue to be governed by the previous Alberta Royalty Framework ("ARF"). It also includes the replacement of royalty credits/holidays on conventional wells by a revenue minus cost framework with a post-payout royalty rate based on commodity prices, the reduction of royalty rates for mature wells, and a neutral internal rate of return for any given play compared to the ARF.

 

Government Regulations

 

Vermilion's operations are governed by many levels of government, including municipal, state, provincial and federal governments in Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Australia, Ireland, Hungary, Croatia, Slovakia and the United States. Vermilion is subject to laws and regulations regarding environment, health and safety issues, lease interests, taxes and royalties, among others. Failure to comply with the applicable laws can result in significant increases in costs, penalties and even losses of operating licenses. The regulatory process involved in each of the countries in which Vermilion operates is not uniform and regulatory regimes vary as to complexity, timeliness of access to, and response from, regulatory bodies and other matters specific to each jurisdiction. If regulatory approvals or permits are delayed or not obtained, there can also be delays or abandonment of projects, decreases in production and increases in costs, and Vermilion may not be able to fully execute its strategy. Governments may also amend or create new legislation and regulatory bodies may also amend regulations or impose additional requirements which could result in increased capital, operating and compliance costs.

 

 61 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Political Events and Terrorist Attacks

 

Political events throughout the world that cause disruptions in the supply of oil continue to affect the marketability and price of oil and natural gas acquired or discovered by Vermilion. Political developments arising in the countries in which Vermilion operates have a significant impact on the price of oil and natural gas. Any particular event could result in a material decline in prices and result in a reduction to the Company’s revenue.

 

Vermilion’s oil and natural gas properties, wells and facilities could be subject to a terrorist attack. The long-term impact of previous terrorist attacks and the threat of future terrorist attacks on the oil and gas industry in general, and on facilities for the transportation and refinement of oil and gas in particular, is not known at this time. If any of Vermilion’s properties, wells or facilities or any infrastructure on which the Company relies are the subject of a terrorist attack, such attack may have a material adverse effect on Vermilion’s business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects.

 

Competition

 

Vermilion actively competes for reserve acquisitions, exploration leases, licences and concessions and skilled industry personnel with a substantial number of other oil and gas companies, some of which have significantly greater financial resources than Vermilion. Vermilion's competitors include major integrated oil and natural gas companies and numerous other independent oil and natural gas companies and individual producers and operators.

 

Vermilion's ability to successfully bid on and acquire additional property rights, to discover reserves, to participate in drilling opportunities and to identify and enter into commercial arrangements with customers will be dependent upon developing and maintaining close working relationships with its future industry partners and joint operators and its ability to select and evaluate suitable properties and to consummate transactions in a highly competitive environment.

 

International Operations and Future Geographical/Industry Expansion

 

The operations and expertise of our management are currently focused primarily on oil and natural gas production, exploration and development in three geographical regions; North America, Europe and Australia. In the future we may acquire or move into new industry related activities or new geographical areas, may acquire different energy related assets, and as a result may face unexpected risks or alternatively, significantly increase our exposure to one or more existing risk factors, which may in turn result in our future operational and financial conditions being adversely affected.

 

Operational Matters

 

The operation of oil and gas wells and facilities involves a number of operating and natural hazards which may result in blowouts, environmental damage and other unexpected or dangerous conditions resulting in damage to Vermilion and possible liability to regulators and third parties. Vermilion maintains liability insurance, where available, in amounts consistent with industry standards. Business interruption insurance may also be purchased for selected operations, to the extent that such insurance is commercially viable. Vermilion may become liable for damages arising from such events against which it cannot insure or against which it may elect not to insure because of high premium costs or other reasons. Costs incurred to repair such damage or pay such liabilities may impair Vermilion's ability to satisfy its debt obligations or declare dividends.

 

Continuing production from a property, and to some extent the marketing of production, are largely dependent upon the ability of the operator of the property. To the extent the operator fails to perform these functions properly, revenue may be reduced. Payments from production generally flow through the operator and there is a risk of delay and additional expense in receiving such revenues if the operator becomes insolvent. Although satisfactory title reviews are generally conducted in accordance with industry standards, such reviews do not guarantee or certify that a defect in the chain of title may not arise to defeat the claim of Vermilion or its subsidiaries to certain properties. Such circumstances could impair Vermilion's ability to satisfy its debt obligations or declare dividends.

 

 62 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

In addition to the usual delays in payment by purchasers of oil and natural gas to the operators of the properties, and by the operator to Vermilion, payments between any of such parties may also be delayed by restrictions imposed by lenders, delays in the sale or delivery of products, delays in the connection of wells to a gathering system, blowouts or other accidents, recovery by the operator of expenses incurred in the operation of the properties or the establishment by the operator of reserves for such expenses.

 

Risks and uncertainties associated with weather conditions can shorten the winter drilling season in Canada and can impact the spring and summer drilling programs, potentially resulting in increased costs or reduced production. Western Australia’s northwest shelf is subject to seasonal disruptions caused by cyclones. During cyclone season (December to March) the Company may have to reduce production rates as a result of the inability to offload to tankers due to bad weather. Cyclones may also cause production shut-ins due to the evacuation of staff or damage to equipment on the platform.

 

Hydraulic Fracturing

 

Hydraulic fracturing involves the injection of water, sand and small amounts of additives under pressure into rock formations to stimulate hydrocarbon (oil and natural gas) production. Specifically, hydraulic fracturing is used to produce commercial quantities or oil and natural gas from reservoirs that were previously unproductive or uneconomic. Hydraulic fracturing has also featured prominently in recent political, media and activist commentary on the subject of water usage and environmental damage. Any new laws, regulations or permitting requirements regarding hydraulic fracturing could lead to operational delays, increased operating costs, third party or governmental claims, and could increase our costs of compliance and doing business as well as delay the development of oil and natural gas resources from shale formations, which are not commercial without the use of hydraulic fracturing. Restrictions on hydraulic fracturing could also reduce the amount of oil and natural gas that we are ultimately able to produce from our reserves as well as increase our costs.

 

With activists groups expressing concern about the impact of hydraulic fracturing on the environment and water supplies, our corporate reputation may be adversely affected by the negative public perception and public protests against hydraulic fracturing.

 

Concerns regarding hydraulic fracturing may result in changes in regulations that delay the development of oil and natural gas resources and adversely affect our costs of compliance and reputation. Changes in government may result in new or enhanced regulatory burdens in respect of hydraulic fracturing which could affect our business.

 

Reliance on Key Personnel, Management and Labour

 

Our success depends in large measure on certain key personnel. The loss of the services of such key personnel may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects. We do not have any key person insurance in effect. The contributions of our existing management team to immediate and near term operations are likely to be of central importance. In addition, the labour force in certain areas in which we operate is limited and the competition for qualified personnel in the oil and natural gas industry is intense. Vermilion expects that similar projects or expansions will proceed in the same area during the same time frame as our projects. Our projects require experienced employees, and such competition may result in increases in compensation paid to such personnel or in a lack of qualified personnel. There can be no assurance that we will be able to continue to attract and retain all personnel necessary for the development and operation of our business.

 

Environmental Legislation

 

The oil and natural gas industry is subject to environmental regulation pursuant to local, provincial, state and federal legislation. A breach of such legislation may result in the imposition of fines, the issuance of clean up orders in respect of Vermilion or its assets, or the loss or suspension of regulatory approvals. Such legislation may be changed to impose higher standards and potentially more costly obligations on Vermilion. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to satisfy its actual future environmental and reclamation obligations.

 

Vermilion expects to incur abandonment and reclamation costs as existing oil and gas properties are abandoned and reclaimed. In 2017, expenditures beyond normal compliance with environmental regulations were considered to be in the ordinary course of business. Vermilion does not anticipate material expenditures beyond amounts paid in respect of normal compliance with environmental regulations in 2017.

 

 63 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Vermilion's exploration and production facilities and other operations and activities in North America, Europe and Australia will emit a small amount of greenhouse gasses which may subject Vermilion to legislation regulating emissions of greenhouse gases and which may include a requirement to reduce emissions or emissions intensity from Vermilion's operations and facilities.  As such, Vermilion continues to evaluate and monitor regulatory initiatives and overall trends so that it is aware of potential developments that could affect its business and operations.  It is possible that future international, national, provincial or state emissions reduction requirements in jurisdictions that Vermilion operates in may require further reductions of emissions or emissions intensity. The direct or indirect costs of complying with emissions regulations may adversely affect the business of Vermilion in North America, Europe and Australia.

 

In 2015, the Government of Alberta released its Climate Leadership Plan which impacts all consumers and businesses that contribute to carbon emissions in Alberta. The plan includes imposing carbon pricing that is applied on carbon emissions from heating and transportation fuels across all sectors, which started at $20 per tonne on January 1, 2017 and moved to $30 per tonne on January 1, 2018, the phase-out of coal-fired power generation by 2030, a cap on oil sands production emissions of 100 megatonnes, and a 45 per cent reduction in methane emissions by the oil and gas sector by 2025. Vermilion expects the Climate Leadership Plan to increase the cost of operating its properties located in Alberta, but does not currently anticipate material impacts on its results of operations.

 

In 2017, the Canadian federal government proposed a new Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act in response to the Paris Agreement that was ratified by Canada and other nations in October 2016. Under the new Act, the federal government is proposing a benchmark carbon pricing program that includes, at a minimum, a price on carbon emissions of $10 per tonne in 2019, rising by $10 per tonne each year to $50 per tonne in 2023. The federal government also proposes a federal backstop in the event that provincial jurisdictions fail to meet the benchmark. As mentioned above, Alberta has already established a carbon pricing system that was referenced in the federal announcement and therefore, currently, the proposed legislation is not anticipated to have a material impact on Vermilion’s results of operations.

 

In 2017, the Minister for the Ecological and Inclusive Transition presented the Government of France’s Climate Plan. As part of implementing the Climate Plan, France’s Parliament passed legislation in December 2017 impacting oil and gas exploration and production on French territories. The legislation prohibits the issuance of new oil and gas exploration concessions and places restrictions on oil and gas production starting in 2040. The impact of this legislation is not anticipated to have a material impact on Vermilion’s reserves in France.

 

Vermilion continued to be recognized for its environmental, social and governance ("ESG") initiatives in 2017. Vermilion received a top quartile ranking for 2017 for our industry sector in RobecoSAM’s annual Corporate Sustainability Assessment (“CSA”). The CSA analyzes sustainability performance across economic, environmental, governance and social criteria, and is the basis of the Dow Jones Sustainability Indices. The company was also named to the CDP (formerly Carbon Disclosure Project) Climate Leadership level (A-) in 2017. Vermilion is the only Canadian energy company and one of only two North American energy companies to receive this designation, ranking us in the top 4% of energy companies globally. For more information on our ESG initiatives and performance, please see our Sustainability Report at: http://sustainability.vermilionenergy.com

 

Discretionary Nature of Dividends

 

The declaration and payment (including the amount thereof) of future cash dividends, if any, is subject to the discretion of the board of directors of the Company and may vary depending on a variety of factors and conditions existing from time to time, including fluctuations in commodity prices, production levels, capital expenditure requirements, debt service requirements, operating costs, royalty burdens, foreign exchange rates and the satisfaction of the liquidity and solvency tests under the ABCA for the declaration and payment of dividends. Depending on these and other factors considered relevant to the declaration and payment of dividends by the board of directors and management of the Company (some or all of which may be beyond the control of the board of directors and management of the Company), the Company may change its dividend policy from time to time. Any reduction of dividends may adversely affect the market price or value of common shares.

 

Debt Service

 

Vermilion may, from time to time, finance a significant portion of its operations through debt. Amounts paid in respect of interest and principal on debt incurred by Vermilion may impair Vermilion's ability to satisfy its other obligations. Variations in interest rates and scheduled principal repayments could result in significant changes in the amount required to be applied to debt service before payment by Vermilion of its debt obligations. Ultimately, this may result in lower levels of cash flow for the Company.

 

 64 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Lenders may be provided with security over substantially all of the assets of Vermilion and its Subsidiaries. If Vermilion becomes unable to pay its debt service charges or otherwise commits an event of default such as bankruptcy, a lender may be able to foreclose on or sell the assets of Vermilion and/or its Subsidiaries.

 

Depletion of Reserves

 

The Company has certain unique attributes which differentiate it from other oil and gas industry participants. Dividends paid from cash flow generated in respect of properties, absent commodity price increases or cost effective acquisition and development activities, may decline over time in a manner consistent with declining production from typical crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids reserves. Accordingly, absent capital expenditures or acquisitions of additional crude oil and natural gas properties, Vermilion's current production levels and reserves will decline.

 

Vermilion's future crude oil and natural gas reserves and production, and therefore its cash flows, will be highly dependent on Vermilion's success in exploiting its reserve base and acquiring additional reserves. Without reserve additions through acquisition or development activities, Vermilion's reserves and production will decline over time as reserves are exploited.

 

Net Asset Value

 

The net asset value of the assets of the Company from time to time will vary dependent upon a number of factors beyond the control of management, including crude oil and natural gas prices. The trading prices of the common shares from time to time is also determined by a number of factors which are beyond the control of management and such trading prices may be greater than the net asset value of the Company's assets.

 

Volatility of Market Price of Common Shares

 

The market price of the common shares may be volatile. The volatility may affect the ability of Shareholders to sell the common shares at an advantageous price. Market price fluctuations in the common shares may be due to the Company’s operating results failing to meet the expectations of securities analysts or investors in any quarter, downward revision in securities analysts’ estimates, governmental regulatory action, adverse change in general market conditions or economic trends, acquisitions, dispositions or other material public announcements by the Corporation or its competitors, along with a variety of additional factors, including, without limitation, those set forth under “Forward-Looking Statements” in this annual information form. In addition, the market price for securities in the stock markets, including the TSX and NYSE, has experienced significant price and trading fluctuations in recent years. These fluctuations have resulted in volatility in the market prices of securities that often has been unrelated or disproportionate to changes in operating performance. These broad market fluctuations may adversely affect the market price of the common shares.

 

Variations in Interest Rates and Foreign Exchange Rates

 

An increase in interest rates could result in a significant increase in the amount the Company pays to service debt, potentially impacting dividends to Shareholders.

 

In addition, an increase in the exchange rate for the Canadian dollar versus the U.S. dollar would result in the receipt by the Company of fewer Canadian dollars for its production which may affect future dividends. The Company monitors and, when appropriate, uses derivative financial instruments to manage its exposure to currency exchange rate risks. The increase in the exchange rate for the Canadian dollar and future Canadian/United States exchange rates may impact future dividends and the future value of the Company's reserves as determined by independent evaluators.

 

Increase in Operating Costs or Decline in Production Level

 

An increase in operating costs or a decline in Vermilion’s production level could have an adverse effect on Vermilion’s cash flow and, therefore, could reduce dividends to Shareholders and affect the market price of the common shares. The level of production may decline at rates greater than anticipated due to unforeseen circumstances, many of which are beyond Vermilion's control. A significant decline in production could result in materially lower revenues and cash flow and, therefore, could reduce dividends to Shareholders and affect the market price of the common shares.

 

 65 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Acquisition Assumptions

 

When making acquisitions, Vermilion estimates future performance of the assets to be acquired that may prove to be inaccurate.

 

Acquired assets are subject to inherent risks associated with predicting the future performance of those assets. Vermilion makes certain estimates and assumptions respecting the economic potential of the assets it acquires which may not be realized over time. As such, assets acquired may not possess the value Vermilion attributed to them, which could adversely impact cash flow.

 

 66 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Failure to Realize Anticipated Benefits of Prior Acquisitions

 

Vermilion may, from time to time, complete one or more acquisitions for various strategic reasons including to strengthen its position in the oil and natural gas industry and to create the opportunity to realize certain benefits, including, among other things, potential cost savings. In order to achieve the benefits of any future acquisitions, Vermilion will be dependent upon its ability to successfully consolidate functions and integrate operations, procedures and personnel in a timely and efficient manner and to realize the anticipated growth opportunities and synergies from combining the acquired assets and operations with those of the Company. The integration of acquired assets and operations requires the dedication of management effort, time and resources, which may divert management's focus and resources from other strategic opportunities and from operational matters during the process. The integration process may result in the disruption of ongoing business and customer relationships that may adversely affect Vermilion's ability to achieve the anticipated benefits of such prior acquisitions.

 

Additional Financing

 

Vermilion’s credit facility and any replacement credit facility may not provide sufficient liquidity. The amounts available under Vermilion's credit facility may not be sufficient for future operations, or Vermilion may not be able to obtain additional financing on attractive economic terms, if at all. Any failure to obtain financing may have a material adverse effect on Vermilion's business, and dividends to Shareholders may be reduced, suspended or eliminated.

 

To the extent that external sources of capital, including the issuance of additional common shares, become limited or unavailable, Vermilion's ability to make the necessary capital investments to maintain or expand its crude oil and natural gas reserves will be impaired. To the extent the Company is required to use cash flow to finance capital expenditures or property acquisitions, the level of cash available that may be declared payable as dividends will be reduced.

 

Potential Conflicts of Interest

 

Circumstances may arise where members of the board of directors or officers of Vermilion are directors or officers of companies which are in competition to the interests of Vermilion. No assurances can be given that opportunities identified by such persons will be provided to Vermilion.

 

Hedging Arrangements

 

From time to time, Vermilion may enter into agreements to receive fixed prices on the Company’s oil and natural gas production to offset the risk of revenue losses if commodity prices decline. However, to the extent that Vermilion engages in price risk management activities to protect the Company from commodity price declines, the Company may also be prevented from realizing the full benefits of price increases above the levels of the derivative instruments used to manage price risk. In addition, Vermilion’s hedging arrangements may expose the Company to the risk of financial loss in certain circumstances, including instances in which: production falls short of the hedged volumes; there is a widening of price-basis differentials between delivery points for production and the delivery point assumed in the hedge arrangements; the counterparties to the hedging arrangements or other price risk management contracts fail to perform under those arrangements; or a sudden unexpected event materially impacts oil and natural gas prices.

 

Similarly, from time to time Vermilion may enter into arrangements to fix the exchange rate of Canadian to U.S. dollars in order to offset the risk of revenue losses if the Canadian dollar increases in value compared to the U.S. dollar. However, if the Company does so and the Canadian dollar declines in value compared to the U.S. dollar, Vermilion will not benefit from the fluctuating exchange rate below the level of the derivative instrument used to manage the risk.

 

To the extent that risk management activities and hedging strategies are employed to address commodity prices, exchange rates, interest rates or other risks, risks associated with such activities and strategies, including counterparty risk, settlement risk, basis risk, liquidity risk and market risk, could impact or negate such activities and strategies, which would have a negative impact on Vermilion’s results of operations, financial position, cash flows and prospects.

 

 67 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Accounting Adjustments

 

The presentation of financial information in accordance with IFRS requires that management apply certain accounting policies and make certain estimates and assumptions which affect reported amounts in Vermilion’s consolidated financial statements. The accounting policies may result in non-cash charges to net income and write-downs of net assets in the consolidated financial statements. Such non-cash charges and write-downs may be viewed unfavourably by the market and may result in an inability to borrow funds and/or may result in a decline in the common share price.

 

Lower crude oil and gas prices increase the risk of write-downs of Vermilion’s oil and gas property investments. Under IFRS, assets are aggregated into groups known as CGUs for impairment testing.  CGUs are reviewed for indicators that the carrying value of the CGU may exceed its recoverable amount.  If an indication of impairment exists, the CGU’s recoverable amount is then estimated.  A CGU’s recoverable amount is defined as the higher of the fair value less costs to sell and its value in use.  If the carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount an impairment loss is recorded to net earnings in the period to reduce the carrying value of the CGU to its recoverable amount. While these impairment losses would not affect cash flow, the charge to net earnings could be viewed unfavourably in the market.

 

Ineffective Internal Controls

 

Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and to help prevent fraud. Although we have undertaken and will undertake a number of procedures in order to help ensure the reliability of our financial reports, including those that may be imposed on us under Canadian Securities Laws and applicable U.S. federal and state securities laws, we cannot be certain that such measures will ensure that we will maintain adequate control over financial processes and reporting. Failure to implement required new or improved controls, or difficulties encountered in their implementation, could harm our results of operations or cause us to fail to meet our reporting obligations. Additionally, implementing and monitoring effective internal controls can be costly. If we or our independent auditors discover a material weakness, the disclosure of that fact, even if quickly remedied, could reduce the market's confidence in our consolidated financial statements.

 

Market Accessibility

 

A decline in Vermilion’s ability to market crude oil and natural gas production could have a material adverse effect on its production levels or on the price that Vermilion receives for production which, in turn, could reduce dividends to its Shareholders and the trading price of the common shares.

 

Vermilion’s business depends in part upon the availability, proximity and capacity of natural gas gathering systems, pipelines and processing facilities. Canadian federal and provincial, as well as United States federal and state, regulation of crude oil and natural gas production, processing and transportation, tax and energy policies, general economic conditions, and changes in supply and demand could adversely affect Vermilion’s ability to produce and market crude oil and natural gas. If market factors change and inhibit the marketing of Vermilion production, overall production or realized prices may decline, which could reduce dividends to Shareholders.

 

Cost of New Technology

 

The oil and natural gas industry is characterized by rapid and significant technological advancements and introductions of new products and services utilizing new technologies. Other oil and natural gas companies may have greater financial, technical and personnel resources that provide them with technological advantages and may in the future allow them to implement new technologies before us. There can be no assurance that we will be able to respond to such competitive pressures and implement such technologies on a timely basis or at an acceptable cost. One or more of the technologies currently utilized by us or implemented in the future may become obsolete. In such case, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. Our inability to utilize the most advanced commercially available technology could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

 

Cyber Security

 

Vermilion manages cyber security risk by ensuring appropriate technologies, processes and practices are effectively designed and implemented to help prevent, detect and respond to threats as they emerge and evolve. The primary risks to Vermilion include, loss of data, destruction or corruption of data, compromising of confidential customer or employee information, leaked information, disruption of business, theft or extortion of funds, regulatory infractions, loss of competitive advantage and reputational damage. Vermilion relies upon a complete suite of advanced controls as protection from such attacks including, but not limited to the following:

 

 68 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

a)Enterprise class firewall infrastructure, secure network architecture and anti-malware defense systems to protect against network intrusion, malware infection and data loss.
b)Regularly conducted comprehensive third party reviews and vulnerability assessments to ensure that information technology systems are up-to-date and properly configured, to reduce security risks arising from outdated or misconfigured systems and software.
c)Disaster recovery planning, ongoing monitoring of network traffic patterns to identify potential malicious activities or attacks.

 

Incident response processes are in place to isolate and control potential attacks. Data backup and recovery processes are in place to minimize risk of data loss and resulting disruption of business. Through ongoing vigilance and regular employee awareness, Vermilion has not experienced a cyber security event of a material nature. As it is difficult to quantify the significance of such events, cyber attacks such as, security breaches of company, customer, employee, and vendor information, as well as hardware or software corruption, failure or error, telecommunications system failure, service provider error, intentional or unintentional personnel actions, malicious software, attempts to gain unauthorized access to data and other electronic security breaches that could lead to disruptions in systems, unauthorized release of confidential or otherwise protected information and the corruption of data, may in certain circumstances be material and could have an adverse effect on Vermilion’s business, financial condition and results of operations. As result of the unpredictability of the timing, nature and scope of disruptions from such attacks, Vermilion could potentially be subject to production downtimes, operational delays, the compromising of confidential or otherwise protected information, destruction or corruption of data, security breaches, other manipulation or improper use of its systems and networks or financial losses, any of which could have a material adverse effect on Vermilion’s competitive position, financial condition or results of operations.

 

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

Additional information relating to the Company may be found on SEDAR at www.sedar.com under Vermilion’s SEDAR profile. Additional information related to the remuneration and indebtedness of the directors and officers of the Company, and the principal holders of common shares and Rights to purchase common shares and securities authorized for issuance under the Company's equity compensation plans, where applicable, are contained in the information circular of the Company in respect of its most recent annual meeting of Shareholders involving the election of directors. Additional financial information is provided in the Company's audited financial statements and management's discussion and analysis for the year ended December 31, 2017.

 

 69 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

APPENDIX A

CONTINGENT RESOURCES

 

Summary information regarding contingent resources and net present value of future net revenues from contingent resources are set forth below and are derived, in each case, from the GLJ Resources Assessment. The GLJ Resources Assessment was prepared in accordance with COGEH and NI 51-101 by GLJ, an independent qualified reserve evaluator. All contingent resources evaluated in the GLJ Resources Assessment were deemed economic at the effective date of December 31, 2017. Contingent resources are in addition to reserves estimated in the GLJ Report.

 

A range of contingent resources estimates (low, best and high) were prepared by GLJ. See notes 6 to 8 of the tables below for a description of low estimate, best estimate and high estimate.

 

The GLJ Resources Assessment estimated gross risked contingent resources with a project maturity subclass of “Development Pending” of  107.3 million boe (low estimate) to 253.6 million boe (high estimate), with a best estimate of 176.7 million boe. Contingent resources are in addition to reserves estimated in the GLJ Report.

 

The GLJ Resources Assessment estimated gross risked contingent resources with a project maturity subclass of “Development Unclarified” of 7.7 million boe (low estimate) to 46.1 million boe (high estimate), with a best estimate of 32.8 million boe.

 

An estimate of risked net present value of future net revenue of contingent resources is preliminary in nature and is provided to assist the reader in reaching an opinion on the merit and likelihood of the company proceeding with the required investment. It includes contingent resources that are considered too uncertain with respect to the chance of development to be classified as reserves. There is uncertainty that the risked net present value of future net revenue will be realized.

 

Summary of Risked Oil and Gas Contingent Resources as at December 31, 2017 (1) (2) - Forecast Prices and Costs (3) (4)

 

 

Resources

Light Crude Oil &
Medium Crude Oil
  Conventional
Natural Gas
  Coal Bed
Methane
  Natural Gas
Liquids
  BOE   Unrisked
BOE
Project                                    
Maturity Gross Net   Gross Net   Gross Net   Gross Net   Gross Net   Chance
of Dev.
Gross Net
Sub-Class (Mbbl) (Mbbl)   (MMcf) (MMcf)   (MMcf) (MMcf)   (Mbbl) (Mbbl)   (Mboe) (Mboe)   % (9) (Mboe) (Mboe)
Contingent (1C) - Low Estimate                                
Development Pending (10)                                    
Australia          
Canada 11,918 10,818   217,576 200,317   2,081 1,977   17,879 15,803   66,407 60,337   82 % 80,740 73,403
France 13,677 12,798   940 940       13,834 12,955   87 % 15,923 14,908
Germany   19,342 16,795       3,224 2,799   77 % 4,187 3,635
Ireland          
Netherlands 61 61   4,647 4,647     1 1   837 837   81 % 1,038 1,038
USA 17,651 14,699   17,643 14,693     2,416 2,104   23,008 19,252   90 % 25,567 21,391
Total 43,307 38,376   260,148 237,392   2,081 1,977   20,296 17,908   107,310 96,180   84 % 127,453 114,375
Contingent (2C) - Best Estimate                                
Development Pending (10)                                    
Australia (11) 2,440 2,440         2,440 2,440   80 % 3,050 3,050
Canada (12) 19,312 17,209   352,291 322,162   2,520 2,394   27,354 23,739   105,801 95,041   81 % 131,380 118,063
France (13) 27,054 25,229   1,245 1,245       27,262 25,437   85 % 32,027 29,891
Germany (14)   33,721 29,267       5,620 4,878   77 % 7,299 6,335
Ireland          
Netherlands (15) 121 121   13,995 13,995     8 8   2,462 2,462   78 % 3,170 3,169
USA (16) 25,289 21,060   25,924 21,589     3,554 2,960   33,164 27,618   90 % 36,849 30,687
Total 74,216 66,059   427,176 388,258   2,520 2,394   30,916 26,707   176,749 157,876   83 % 213,775 191,195
Contingent (3C) - High Estimate                                
Development Pending (10)                                    
Australia 3,280 3,280                     3,280 3,280   80 % 4,100 4,100
Canada 24,079 21,133   488,328 443,399   2,943 2,796   37,617 31,953   143,575 127,452   80 % 179,355 159,116
France 43,275 40,278   1,618 1,618       43,545 40,548   84 % 51,613 48,043
Germany   62,480 54,212       10,413 9,035   77 % 13,523 11,734
Ireland          
Netherlands 242 242   27,237 27,237     16 16   4,798 4,798   79 % 6,100 6,097
USA 36,411 30,320   38,218 31,826     5,240 4,363   48,021 39,987   90 % 53,356 44,430
Total 107,287 95,253   617,881 558,292   2,943 2,796   42,873 36,332   253,632 225,100   82 % 308,047 273,520

 

 70 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Resources Light Crude Oil &
Medium Crude Oil
  Conventional
Natural Gas
  Coal Bed
Methane
  Natural Gas
Liquids
  BOE   Unrisked
BOE
Project                                    
Maturity Gross Net   Gross Net   Gross Net   Gross Net   Gross Net   Chance
of Dev.
Gross Net
Sub-Class (Mbbl) (Mbbl)   (MMcf) (MMcf)   (MMcf) (MMcf)   (Mbbl) (Mbbl)   (Mboe) (Mboe)   % (9) (Mboe) (Mboe)
Contingent (1C) - Low Estimate                                    
Development Unclarified (17)                                    
Australia          
Canada   30,844 27,821     531 439   5,672 5,076   60 % 9,463 8,474
France 1,302 1,235         1,302 1,235   41 % 3,212 3,049
Germany          
Ireland          
Netherlands   3,120 3,120       520 520   70 % 743 743
USA          
Total 1,302 1,235   33,964 30,941     531 439   7,494 6,831   56 % 13,418 12,266
Contingent (2C) - Best Estimate                                    
Development Unclarified (17)                                    
Australia          
Canada (18)   60,273 53,873   60,886 57,652   6,641 5,995   26,834 24,583   46 % 58,404 53,558
France (19) 2,539 2,410         2,539 2,410   45 % 5,690 5,404
Germany   1,496 1,190       249 198   35 % 711 566
Ireland          
Netherlands (20)   18,678 18,104     32 16   3,145 3,033   51 % 6,134 5,912
USA            
Total 2,539 2,410   80,447 73,167   60,886 57,652   6,673 6,011   32,767 30,224   46 % 70,939 65,440
Contingent (3C) - High Estimate                                    
Development Unclarified (17)                                    
Australia          
Canada   78,561 69,281   77,410 72,283   10,104 8,744   36,099 32,338   46 % 78,918 70,761
France 3,825 3,632         3,825 3,632   46 % 8,250 7,828
Germany   2,327 1,850       388 308   35 % 1,109 880
Ireland          
Netherlands   34,682 33,807     48 24   5,828 5,659   54 % 10,743 10,441
USA          
Total 3,825 3,632   115,570 104,938   77,410 72,283   10,152 8,768   46,140 41,937   47 % 99,020 89,910

 

 71 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Summary of Risked Net Present Value of Future Net Revenues as at December 31, 2017 - Forecast Prices and Costs (3)

 

Resources Project

   
Maturity Sub-Class Before Income Taxes, Discounted at (5)  After Income Taxes, Discounted at (5)
(M$) 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20%
Contingent (1C) - Low Estimate (6)                    
Development Pending (10)                    
Australia
Canada 1,324,088 692,454 384,479 223,327 133,827 968,246 491,682 261,417 143,098 78,999
France 646,356 356,990 207,518 125,059 77,334 475,460 249,755 136,639 76,160 42,380
Germany 25,368 15,606 8,171 2,911 (697 ) 15,012 7,957 2,377 (1,574 ) (4,234 )
Ireland
Netherlands 30,463 22,364 16,718 12,743 9,886 18,249 13,309 9,784 7,297 5,522
USA 705,352 353,098 190,899 109,417 65,316 553,775 277,974 149,964 85,463 50,507
Total 2,731,627 1,440,512 807,785 473,457 285,666 2,030,742 1,040,677 560,181 310,444 173,174
Contingent (2C) - Best Estimate (7)                    
Development Pending (10)                    
Australia (11) 81,610 50,240 31,044 19,219 11,873 17,295 7,186 1,687 (1,167 ) (2,534 )
Canada (12) 2,286,705 1,179,969 662,147 394,654 245,475 1,674,927 844,557 458,109 261,348 153,799
France (13) 1,414,420 759,973 439,654 268,026 170,036 1,048,109 540,491 298,625 172,711 103,017
Germany (14) 116,948 83,758 60,390 44,003 32,395 80,292 56,601 39,643 27,741 19,370
Ireland
Netherlands (15) 81,618 57,215 41,025 29,997 22,252 43,748 28,728 18,805 12,189 7,679
USA (16) 1,275,912 623,677 342,983 205,348 130,725 1,004,012 492,135 270,653 161,886 102,881
Total 5,257,213 2,754,832 1,577,243 961,247 612,756 3,868,383 1,969,698 1,087,522 634,708 384,212
Contingent (3C) - High Estimate (8)                    
Development Pending (10)                    
Australia 162,700 104,204 67,988 45,184 30,555 54,329 31,507 18,140 10,277 5,629
Canada 3,312,383 1,649,632 923,352 557,850 354,901 2,402,861 1,167,883 630,702 364,282 219,347
France 2,463,627 1,310,231 760,541 468,396 301,212 1,827,017 934,100 520,513 306,268 186,763
Germany 302,880 217,383 159,970 120,614 92,931 212,387 151,748 110,557 82,278 62,446
Ireland
Netherlands 205,065 142,394 103,727 78,262 60,611 110,555 74,368 52,017 37,485 27,588
USA 2,174,766 1,004,149 546,550 330,707 215,009 1,713,929 792,856 431,644 261,128 169,703
Total 8,621,421 4,427,993 2,562,128 1,601,013 1,055,219 6,321,078 3,152,462 1,763,573 1,061,718 671,476
Contingent (1C) - Low Estimate (6)                    
Development Unclarified (17)                    
Australia
Canada 53,655 21,601 9,005 3,855 1,673 41,934 16,497 6,597 2,643 1,029
France 97,733 53,885 31,470 19,270 12,266 73,554 40,473 23,562 14,377 9,118
Germany
Ireland
Netherlands 13,366 8,426 5,351 3,406 2,156 6,990 3,867 1,988 855 175
USA
Total 164,754 83,912 45,826 26,531 16,095 122,478 60,837 32,147 17,875 10,322
Contingent (2C) - Best Estimate (7)                    
Development Unclarified (17)                    
Australia
Canada (18) 371,151 160,012 67,074 23,472 2,109 267,364 108,714 38,845 6,527 (8,792 )
France (19) 180,756 91,957 50,625 29,643 18,218 134,726 67,893 36,941 21,367 12,973
Germany 472 736 724 616 487 (353 ) 41 132 107 45
Ireland
Netherlands (20) 101,333 60,727 37,612 23,937 15,510 58,291 33,549 19,395 11,127 6,149
USA
Total 653,712 313,432 156,035 77,668 36,324 460,028 210,197 95,313 39,128 10,375
Contingent (3C) - High Estimate (8)                    
Development Unclarified (17)                    
Australia
Canada 685,972 314,515 159,130 85,452 47,007 547,002 261,869 138,799 78,569 46,086
France 292,883 138,555 73,474 42,171 25,626 217,128 101,766 53,321 30,222 18,141
Germany 4,579 4,019 3,344 2,727 2,210 2,638 2,450 2,054 1,651 1,300
Ireland
Netherlands 244,742 135,716 82,312 53,187 35,980 141,378 76,237 44,453 27,335 17,400
USA
Total 1,228,176 592,805 318,260 183,537 110,823 908,146 442,322 238,627 137,777 82,927

 

 72 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Notes:

(1)Contingent resources are defined in the COGEH as those quantities of petroleum estimated, as of a given date, to be potentially recoverable from known accumulations using established technology or technology under development, but which are not currently considered to be commercially recoverable due to one or more contingencies. There is no certainty that it will be commercially viable to produce any portion of the contingent resources or that Vermilion will produce any portion of the volumes currently classified as contingent resources. The estimates of contingent resources involve implied assessment, based on certain estimates and assumptions, that the resources described exists in the quantities predicted or estimated, as at a given date, and that the resources can be profitably produced in the future. The risked net present value of the future net revenue from the contingent resources does not represent the fair market value of the contingent resources. Actual contingent resources (and any volumes that may be reclassified as reserves) and future production therefrom may be greater than or less than the estimates provided herein.
(2)GLJ prepared the estimates of contingent resources shown for each property using deterministic principles and methods. Probabilistic aggregation of the low and high property estimates shown in the table might produce different total volumes than the arithmetic sums shown in the table.
(3)The forecast price and cost assumptions utilized in the year-end 2017 reserves report were also utilized by GLJ in preparing the GLJ Resource Assessment. See ”Forecast Prices Used in Estimates” in this AIF.
(4)"Gross” contingent resources are Vermilion's working interest (operating or non-operating) share before deduction of royalties and without including any royalty interests of Vermilion. "Net” contingent resources are Vermilion's working interest (operating or non-operating) share after deduction of royalty obligations, plus Vermilion's royalty interests in contingent resources.
(5)The risked net present value of future net revenue attributable to the contingent resources does not represent the fair market value of the contingent resources. Estimated abandonment and reclamation costs have been included in the evaluation.
(6)This is considered to be a conservative estimate of the quantity that will actually be recovered. It is likely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will exceed the low estimate. If probabilistic methods are used, there should be at least a 90 percent probability (P90) that the quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the low estimate.
(7)This is considered to be the best estimate of the quantity that will actually be recovered. It is equally likely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will be greater or less than the best estimate. If probabilistic methods are used, there should be at least a 50 percent probability (P50) that the quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the best estimate.
(8)This is considered to be an optimistic estimate of the quantity that will actually be recovered. It is unlikely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will exceed the high estimate. If probabilistic methods are used, there should be at least a 10 percent probability (P10) that the quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the high estimate.
(9)The Chance of Development (CoDev) is the estimated probability that, once discovered, a known accumulation will be commercially developed. Five factors have been considered in determining the CoDev as follows:

 

CoDev = Ps (Economic Factor) × Ps (Technology Factor) × Ps (Development Plan Factor) ×Ps (Development Timeframe Factor) × Ps (Other Contingency Factor) wherein
Ps is the probability of success
Economic Factor – For reserves to be assessed, a project must be economic. With respect to contingent resources, this factor captures uncertainty in the assessment of economic status principally due to uncertainty in cost estimates and marketing options. Economic viability uncertainty due to technology is more aptly captured with the Technology Factor. The Economic Factor will be 1 for reserves and will often be 1 for development pending projects and for projects with a development study or pre-development study with a robust rate of return. A robust rate of return means that the project retains economic status with variation in costs and/or marketing plans over the expected range of outcomes for these variables.
Technology Factor - For reserves to be assessed, a project must utilize established technology. With respect to contingent resources, this factor captures the uncertainty in the viability of the proposed technology for the subject reservoir, namely, the uncertainty associated with technology under development. By definition, technology under development is a recovery process or process improvement that has been determined to be technically viable via field test and is being field tested further to determine its economic viability in the subject reservoir. The Technology Factor will be 1 for reserves and for established technology. For technology under development, this factor will consider different risks associated with technologies being developed at the scale of the well versus the scale of a project and technologies which are being modified or extended for the subject reservoir versus new emerging technologies which have not previously been applied in any commercial application. The risk assessment will also consider the quality and sufficiency of the test data available, the ability to reliably scale such data and the ability to extrapolate results in time.
Development Plan Factor – For reserves to be assessed, a project must have a detailed development plan. With respect to contingent resources, this factor captures the uncertainty in the project evaluation scenario. The Development Plan Factor will be 1 for reserves and high, approaching 1, for development pending projects. This factor will consider development plan detail variations including the degree of delineation, reservoir specific development and operating strategy detail (technology decision, well layouts (spacing and pad locations), completion strategy, start-up strategy, water source and disposal, other infrastructure, facility design, marketing plans) and the quality of the cost estimates as provided by the developer.  
Development Timeframe Factor – In the case of major projects, for reserves to be assessed, first major capital spending must be initiated within 5 years of the effective date. The Development Timeframe Factor will be 1 for reserves and will often be 1 for development pending projects provided the project is planned on-stream based on the same criteria used in the assessment of reserves. With respect to contingent resources, the factor will approach 1 for projects planned on-stream with a timeframe slightly longer than the limiting reserves criteria.
Other Contingency Factor – For reserves to be assessed, all contingencies must be eliminated. With respect to contingent resources, this factor captures major contingencies, usually beyond the control of the operator, other than those captured by economic status, technology status, project evaluation scenario status and the development timeframe. The Other Contingency Factor will be 1 for reserves and for development pending projects and less than 1 for on hold. Provided all contingencies have been identified and their resolution is reasonably certain, this factor would also be 1 for development unclarified projects.
These factors may be inter-related (dependent) and care has been taken to ensure that risks are appropriately accounted.

 

(10)Project maturity subclass development pending is defined as contingent resources where resolution of the final conditions for development is being actively pursued (high chance of development).
(11)Risked development pending best estimate contingent resources for Australia have been estimated based on the continued drilling in our active core asset (see “Description of Properties” section of this AIF) using established recovery technologies.  The risked estimated cost to bring these contingent resources on commercial production is $143 MM and the expected timeline is between 6 and 8 years.  The specific contingencies for these resources are corporate commitment and development timing.
(12)Risked development pending best estimate contingent resources for Canada have been estimated based on the continued drilling in our active core assets (see “Description of Properties” section of this AIF) using established recovery technologies.  The risked estimated cost to bring these contingent resources on commercial production is  $1,066 MM and the expected timeline is between 3 and 12 years.  The specific contingencies for these resources are corporate commitment and development timing.

 

 73 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

(13)Risked development pending best estimate contingent resources for France have been estimated based on the continued drilling in our active core assets (see “Description of Properties” section of this AIF) using established recovery technologies.  The risked estimated cost to bring these contingent resources on commercial production is $571 MM and the expected timeline is between 3 and 12 years.  The specific contingencies for these resources are corporate commitment and development timing.
(14)Risked development pending best estimate contingent resources for Germany have been estimated based on the continued drilling in our active core assets (see “Description of Properties” section of this AIF) using established recovery technologies.  The risked estimated cost to bring these contingent resources on commercial production is $75 MM and the expected timeline is between 2 and 4 years.  The specific contingencies for these resources are corporate commitment and development timing.
(15)Risked development pending best estimate contingent resources for Netherlands have been estimated based on the continued drilling in our active core assets (see “Description of Properties” section of this AIF) using established recovery technologies.  The risked estimated cost to bring these contingent resources on commercial production is $45 MM and the expected timeline is between 2 and 4 years.  The specific contingencies for these resources are corporate commitment and development timing.
(16)Risked development pending best estimate contingent resources for USA have been estimated based on the continued drilling in our active core asset (see “Description of Properties” section of this AIF) using established recovery technologies.  The risked estimated cost to bring these contingent resources on commercial production is $380 MM and the expected timeline is between 1 and 11 years.  The specific contingencies for these resources are corporate commitment and development timing.
(17)Project maturity subclass development unclarified is defined as contingent resources when the evaluation is  incomplete and there is ongoing activity to resolve any risks or uncertainties.
(18)In Canada, GLJ has estimated an aggregate of risked unclarified best estimate contingent resources of 26.8 mmboe for the projects outlined below. Utilizing established recovery technology, the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is an aggregate of $323 MM with an expected timeline of 3 to 12 years.

 

  Edson Duvernay Based on contingencies related to corporate commitment and development timing, economic risks associated with lower liquid yields, and capital and operating cost uncertainty, GLJ has estimated risked unclarified best estimate contingent resources at 15.5 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $242.8 MM.  The expected timeline is 3 to  7 years.
     
  Ferrier Notikewin Based on contingencies related to corporate commitment and development timing that is greater than 10 years, GLJ has estimated risked unclarified best estimate contingent resources at 4.7 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $31 MM.  The expected timeline is 11 to 15 years.
     
  Ferrier Falher Based on contingencies related to corporate commitment and development timing that is greater than 10 years, GLJ has estimated risked unclarified best estimate contingent resources at 3.2 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $23 MM.  The expected timeline is 11 to 15 years.
     
  West Pembina Glauconite Based on contingencies related to corporate commitment and development timing as well as economic risk related to capital and operating cost uncertainty due to limited horizontal development in proximity to interest lands, GLJ has estimated risked unclarified best estimate contingent resources at 3.3 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $26 MM.  The expected timeline is 4 to 6 years.

 

(19)In France, GLJ has estimated an aggregate of risked unclarified best estimate contingent resources of 2.5 mmboe for the projects outlined below. Utilizing established recovery technology, the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is an aggregate of $37 MM with an expected timeline of 7 to 8 years.

 

  Charmottes Based on contingencies related to corporate commitment and development timing, along with the project still being in the pre-development study/sourcing stage related to waterflood development, GLJ has estimated risked unclarified best estimate contingent resources at 1.3 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $29 MM. The expected timeline is 7 to 9 years.
     
  Chaunoy Based on contingencies related to corporate commitment and development timing, along with a CO2 pilot project still being in the conceptual study stage, GLJ has estimated risked unclarified best estimate contingent resources at 1.2 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $8 MM. The expected timeline is 8 to 10 years.

 

(20)In the Netherlands, GLJ has estimated an aggregate of risked unclarified best estimate contingent resources of 3.1 mmboe for the projects outlined below. Utilizing established recovery technology, the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is an aggregate of $51 MM with an expected timeline of 8 to 10 years.

 

  Netherlands East Based on contingencies related to corporate commitment and development timing along with proof-of-concept utilizing directional drilling and unknown deliverability from Zechstein carbonates, GLJ has estimated risked unclarified best estimate contingent resources at 1.5 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is $25 MM.  The expected timeline is 3 to 7 years.
     
  Netherlands West Based on contingencies related to corporate commitment and development timing along with further study required regarding the deliverability of the Bunter sands, GLJ has estimated risked unclarified best estimate contingent resources at 1.6 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is $26 MM.  The expected timeline is 3 to 5 years.

 

 74 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

PROSPECTIVE RESOURCES

 

Summary information regarding prospective resources and net present value of future net revenues from prospective resources are set forth below and are derived, in each case, from the GLJ Resources Assessment. The GLJ Resources Assessment was prepared in accordance with COGEH and NI 51-101 by GLJ, an independent qualified reserve evaluator. All prospective resources evaluated in the GLJ Resources Assessment were deemed economic at the effective date of December 31, 2017. Prospective resources are in addition to reserves estimated in the GLJ Report.

 

A range of prospective resources estimates (low, best and high) were prepared by GLJ. See notes 6 to 8 of the tables below for a description of low estimate, best estimate and high estimate.

 

The GLJ Resources Assessment estimated gross risked prospective resources of 51.5 million boe (low estimate) to 260.4 million boe (high estimate), with a best estimate of 153.4 million boe.

 

An estimate of risked net present value of future net revenue of prospective resources is preliminary in nature and is provided to assist the reader in reaching an opinion on the merit and likelihood of the company proceeding with the required investment. It includes prospective resources that are considered too uncertain with respect to the chance of development and chance of discovery to be classified as reserves. There is uncertainty that the risked net present value of future net revenue will be realized.

 

Summary of Risked Oil and Gas Prospective Resources as at December 31, 2017 (1) (2) - Forecast Prices and Costs (3) (4)

 

 

Resources

Light Crude Oil &
Medium Crude Oil
  Conventional
Natural Gas
  Coal Bed
Methane
  Natural Gas
Liquids
  BOE   Unrisked
BOE
Project                                    
Maturity Gross Net   Gross Net   Gross Net   Gross Net   Gross Net   Chance of
Commerciality
Gross Net
Sub-Class (Mbbl) (Mbbl)   (MMcf) (MMcf)   (MMcf) (MMcf)   (Mbbl) (Mbbl)   (Mboe) (Mboe)   % (9) (Mboe) (Mboe)
Prospective - Low Estimate                                    
Prospect (10)                                    
Australia          
Canada 185 168   66,480 61,570     4,522 3,982   15,787 14,412   34 % 46,435 42,388
France 5,528 4,977         5,528 4,977   21 % 25,904 23,366
Germany   136,066 116,769       22,678 19,462   29 % 78,200 67,110
Ireland          
Netherlands   44,603 41,372     50 46   7,484 6,941   10 % 73,823 68,723
USA          
Total 5,713 5,145   247,149 219,711     4,572 4,028   51,477 45,792   23 % 224,362 201,587
Prospective - Best Estimate                                    
Prospect (10)                                    
Australia (11) 579 579         579 579   48 % 1,206 1,206
Canada (12) 2,090 1,871   162,093 147,542   112,623 106,205   24,876 22,098   72,752 66,260   23 % 309,610 281,957
France (13) 16,335 14,636         16,335 14,636   21 % 76,358 68,393
Germany (14)   292,725 251,987       48,788 41,998   29 % 168,235 144,821
Ireland          
Netherlands (15)   89,366 82,029     96 89   14,990 13,761   10 % 147,256 134,912
USA          
Total 19,004 17,086   544,184 481,558   112,623 106,205   24,972 22,187   153,444 137,234   22 % 702,665 631,289
Prospective - High Estimate                                    
Prospect (10)                                    
Australia 1,462 1,462         1,462 1,462   48 % 3,046 3,046
Canada 2,684 2,383   231,682 209,203   147,282 136,241   38,134 32,553   103,979 92,510   24 % 436,843 388,697
France 35,640 32,301         35,640 32,301   23 % 156,320 141,671
Germany   554,429 479,424       92,405 79,904   29 % 318,638 275,531
Ireland          
Netherlands   160,271 148,815     171 159   26,883 24,962   11 % 252,881 235,491
USA          
Total 39,786 36,146   946,382 837,442   147,282 136,241   38,305 32,712   260,369 231,139   22 % 1,167,728 1,044,436

 

 75 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Summary of Risked Net Present Value of Future Net Revenues as at December 31, 2017 - Forecast Prices and Costs (3)

 

Resources Project                    
Maturity Sub-Class  Before Income Taxes, Discounted at (5)  After Income Taxes, Discounted at (5)
(M$) 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20%
Prospective (Pr1) -Low Estimate (6)                    
Prospect (10)                    
Australia
Canada 207,770 95,938 44,659 19,798 7,252 169,908 75,170 32,207 11,777 1,780
France 238,004 131,320 76,140 46,216 29,224 187,762 102,964 59,117 35,418 22,032
Germany 368,323 169,166 74,634 29,008 6,565 252,131 112,397 44,221 11,701 (3,782)
Ireland
Netherlands 274,447 125,347 68,782 42,725 28,862 145,575 61,601 29,728 15,701 8,716
USA
Total 1,088,544 521,771 264,215 137,747 71,903 755,376 352,132 165,273 74,597 28,746
Prospective (Pr2) -Best Estimate (7)                    
Prospect (10)                    
Australia (11) 41,338 23,669 14,015 8,555 5,365 16,344 8,905 4,999 2,884 1,705
Canada (12) 1,491,712 623,324 281,364 133,988 65,665 1,065,129 430,068 182,436 78,310 31,913
France (13) 722,008 401,287 237,931 149,181 98,046 533,938 289,739 167,209 101,849 64,935
Germany (14) 1,259,830 556,044 260,954 126,408 60,705 883,031 385,237 174,225 78,544 32,534
Ireland
Netherlands (15) 664,124 319,700 187,996 124,429 88,794 358,130 165,622 92,188 57,620 38,865
USA
Total 4,179,012 1,924,024 982,260 542,561 318,575 2,856,572 1,279,571 621,057 319,207 169,952
Prospective (Pr3) -High Estimate (8)                    
Prospect (10)                    
Australia 136,670 74,308 43,028 26,126 16,460 57,049 30,416 17,274 10,298 6,378
Canada 2,681,315 1,109,012 521,064 267,963 146,940 1,909,850 772,257 349,756 171,101 87,888
France 1,937,405 1,011,329 573,475 347,956 223,097 1,458,826 749,093 417,797 249,512 157,614
Germany 2,751,890 1,219,651 585,356 295,653 153,056 1,969,884 858,139 400,902 194,089 93,693
Ireland
Netherlands 1,355,100 675,317 411,776 281,254 206,125 738,129 360,566 214,793 143,533 103,140
USA
Total 8,862,380 4,089,617 2,134,699 1,218,952 745,678 6,133,738 2,770,471 1,400,522 768,533 448,713

 

Notes:

(1)Prospective resources are defined in the COGEH as those quantities of petroleum estimated, as of a given date, to be potentially recoverable from unknown accumulations by application of future development projects. Prospective resources have both an associated chance of discovery (CoDis) and a chance of development (CoDev). There is no certainty that any portion of the prospective resources will be discovered. If discovered, there is no certainty that it will be commercially viable to produce any portion of the prospective resources or that Vermilion will produce any portion of the volumes currently classified as prospective resources. The estimates of prospective resources involve implied assessment, based on certain estimates and assumptions, that the resources described exists in the quantities predicted or estimated, as at a given date, and that the resources can be profitably produced in the future. The risked net present value of the future net revenue from the prospective resources does not represent the fair market value of the prospective resources. Actual prospective resources (and any volumes that may be reclassified as reserves) and future production therefrom may be greater than or less than the estimates provided herein.
(2)GLJ prepared the estimates of prospective resources shown for each property using deterministic principles and methods. Probabilistic aggregation of the low and high property estimates shown in the table might produce different total volumes than the arithmetic sums shown in the table.
(3)The forecast price and cost assumptions utilized in the year-end 2017 reserves report were also utilized by GLJ in preparing the GLJ Resource Assessment. See ”GLJ December 31, 2017 Forecast Prices” in this AIF.
(4)"Gross” prospective resources are Vermilion's working interest (operating or non-operating) share before deduction of royalties and without including any royalty interests of Vermilion. "Net” prospective resources are Vermilion's working interest (operating or non-operating) share after deduction of royalty obligations, plus Vermilion's royalty interests in prospective resources.
(5)The risked net present value of future net revenue attributable to the prospective resources does not represent the fair market value of the prospective resources. Estimated abandonment and reclamation costs have been included in the evaluation.
(6)This is considered to be a conservative estimate of the quantity that will actually be recovered. It is likely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will exceed the low estimate. If probabilistic methods are used, there should be at least a 90 percent probability (P90) that the quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the low estimate.

 

 76 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

(7)This is considered to be the best estimate of the quantity that will actually be recovered. It is equally likely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will be greater or less than the best estimate. If probabilistic methods are used, there should be at least a 50 percent probability (P50) that the quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the best estimate.
(8)This is considered to be an optimistic estimate of the quantity that will actually be recovered. It is unlikely that the actual remaining quantities recovered will exceed the high estimate. If probabilistic methods are used, there should be at least a 10 percent probability (P10) that the quantities actually recovered will equal or exceed the high estimate.
(9)The chance of commerciality is defined as the product of the CoDis and the CoDev. CoDis is defined in COGEH as the estimated probability that exploration activities will confirm the existence of a significant accumulation of potentially recoverable petroleum. CoDev is defined as the estimated probability that, once discovered, a known accumulation will be commercially developed.

 

CoDev is the estimated probability that, once discovered, a known accumulation will be commercially developed. Five factors have been considered in determining the CoDev as follows:

 

Ps is the probability of success
Economic Factor – For reserves to be assessed, a project must be economic. With respect to prospective resources, this factor captures uncertainty in the assessment of economic status principally due to uncertainty in cost estimates and marketing options. Economic viability uncertainty due to technology is more aptly captured with the Technology Factor. The Economic Factor will be 1 for reserves and will often be 1 for development pending and for projects with a development study or pre-development study with a robust rate of return. A robust rate of return means that the project retains economic status with variation in costs and/or marketing plans over the expected range of outcomes for these variables.
Technology Factor - For reserves to be assessed, a project must utilize established technology. With respect to prospective resources, this factor captures the uncertainty in the viability of the proposed technology for the subject reservoir, namely, the uncertainty associated with technology under development. By definition, technology under development is a recovery process or process improvement that has been determined to be technically viable via field test and is being field tested further to determine its economic viability in the subject reservoir. The Technology Factor will be 1 for reserves and for established technology. For technology under development, this factor will consider different risks associated with technologies being developed at the scale of the well versus the scale of a project and technologies which are being modified or extended for the subject reservoir versus new emerging technologies which have not previously been applied in any commercial application. The risk assessment will also consider the quality and sufficiency of the test data available, the ability to reliably scale such data and the ability to extrapolate results in time.
Development Plan Factor – For reserves to be assessed, a project must have a detailed development plan. With respect to prospective resources, this factor captures the uncertainty in the project evaluation scenario. The Development Plan Factor will be 1 for reserves and high, approaching 1, for development pending projects. This factor will consider development plan detail variations including the degree of delineation, reservoir specific development and operating strategy detail (technology decision, well layouts (spacing and pad locations), completion strategy, start-up strategy, water source and disposal, other infrastructure, facility design, marketing plans etc.) and the quality of the cost estimates as provided by the developer.  
Development Timeframe Factor – In the case of major projects, for reserves to be assessed, first major capital spending must be initiated within 5 years of the effective date. The Development Timeframe Factor will be 1 for reserves and will often be 1 for development pending provided the project is planned on-stream based on the same criteria used in the assessment of reserves. With respect to prospective resources, the factor will approach 1 for projects planned on-stream with a timeframe slightly longer than the limiting reserves criteria.
Other Contingency Factor – For reserves to be assessed, all contingencies must be eliminated. With respect to prospective resources, this factor captures major contingencies, usually beyond the control of the operator, other than those captured by economic status, technology status, project evaluation scenario status and the development timeframe. The Other Contingency Factor will be 1 for reserves and for development pending and less than 1 for on hold. Provided all contingencies have been identified and their resolution is reasonably certain, this factor would also be 1 for development unclarified.
These factors may be inter-related (dependent) and care has been taken to ensure that risks are appropriately accounted.

 

CoDis is defined in COGEH as the estimated probability that exploration activities will confirm the existence of a significant accumulation of potentially recoverable petroleum. Five factors have been considered in determining the CoDis as follows:

 

CoDis = Ps (Source) × Ps (Timing and Migration) × Ps (Trap) ×Ps (Seal) × Ps (Reservoir) wherein
Ps is the probability of success
Source – For a significant accumulation of potentially recoverable petroleum, a viable source rock capable of generating hydrocarbons must exist. The probability of a source rock investigates stratigraphic presence and location, volumetric adequacy and organic richness of the proposed source rock. In proven hydrocarbon systems, this factor will be a 1. This factor becomes critical when looking at frontier basins.
Timing and Migration - For a significant accumulation of potentially recoverable petroleum, the source rock must reach thermal maturity to generate the hydrocarbons and have a conduit with which to fill the closures that existed at the time of migration. The probability of timing and migration investigates the movement of hydrocarbons from the source rock to the trap. This factor evaluates the pathways and/or carrier beds, including fault systems, which can transport buoyant hydrocarbons from the source kitchen to the prospect area at a time that the trap existed. This factor is often 1 in producing trends, but there is a possibility of migration shadows where the conduits do not fill a viable trap, which would decrease this factor.
Trap - For a significant accumulation of potentially recoverable petroleum, a reservoir must be present in a structural or stratigraphic closure. The trap factor looks at the definition of the geometry of the accumulation, which is determined using seismic, gravity and/or magnetic techniques and surrounding well logs to determine the probability of a significant accumulation. The risking of this includes examining data quality (e.g. 2D vs 3D seismic coverage) and potential depth conversion possibilities which give  confidence in the mapped trap. Stratigraphic trap definition is used for volumetric calculations, but it is given a 1 for this chance factor as the stratigraphic risk will be captured in seal.
Seal - For a significant accumulation of potentially recoverable petroleum, a reservoir must be sealed both on the top and laterally by a lithology that contains the hydrocarbon accumulation within the reservoir. It is also necessary that these accumulated hydrocarbons have been preserved from flushing or leakage. Factors that affect top, seat and lateral seals are fluid viscosity, bed thickness, natural continuity of sealing facies, differential permeability, fault history and reservoir pressures needed to maintain a hydrocarbon column. The probability that the accumulation is not able to be contained by the surrounding rocks is captured in this chance factor.

 

 77 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Reservoir - For a significant accumulation of potentially recoverable petroleum, a reservoir rock must be present and have sufficient porosity and permeability and be of a sufficient thickness to produce  quantities of mobile hydrocarbon. Under this approach, encountering wet, commercial quality and quantity sandstones would not be a failure in the reservoir category, but rather in one of the other factors. It is the reservoir along with the trap which determine the volumetrics of the accumulation.
Serial multiplication of these five decimal fractions representing the five geologic chance factors can be done as they are considered independent of each other.

 

(10)GLJ has sub-classified the best estimate prospective resources by maturity status, consistent with the requirements of the COGE Handbook. These prospective resources have been sub-classified as “Prospect” which the COGE Handbook defines as a potential accumulation within a play that is sufficiently well defined to present a viable drilling target.
(11)Prospective resources for Australia have been estimated based on development timing and reservoir risk, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 80% and the CoDis at 60%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 48%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at .06 mmboe. Utilizing established recovery technology, the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is $17 MM. The expected development timeline is 8 years.
(12)Prospective resources for Canada have been estimated based on the individual prospects outlined below. GLJ has estimated the aggregate CoDev at 27% and the aggregate CoDis at 88%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 23%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at an aggregate of 72.8 mmboe. Utilizing established recovery technology, the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is an aggregate of  $1061 MM. The expected development timeline is 2 to 20 years.

 

  Edson Duvernay Based on reservoir risk, development timing and economic risk related to capital and operating cost uncertainty, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 19% and the CoDis at 90%.  The corresponding chance of commerciality is 17%.  Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 33.6 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $638 MM with an expected timeline of 7 to 14 years.
     
  Wilrich Prospect: Based on reservoir risk, development timing and limited Wilrich development on the land base, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 35% and the CoDis at 85%.  The corresponding chance of commerciality is 30%.  Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 22.2 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $218 MM with an expected timeline of 2 to 9 years.
     
  West Pembina Glauconite Prospect: Based on chance of discovery risk due to uncertainty regarding threshold for reservoir quality to support commercial development of resources with horizontal drilling, along with economic risk related to capital and operating cost uncertainty due to limited horizontal development in proximity to interest lands and chance of development risk related to corporate commitment and development timing.  GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 34% and the CoDis at 90%.  The corresponding chance of commerciality is 31%.  Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 6.2 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $53 MM with an expected timeline of 6 to 12 years.
     
  Drayton Valley
Notikewin Prospect:
Based on reservoir risk and development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 70% and the CoDis at 85%.  The corresponding chance of commerciality is 60%.  Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 4.6 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is $66 MM.  The expected development timeline is 9 to 11 years.
     
  Saskatchewan Prospects Based on reservoir risk and development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 90% and the CoDis at 80%.  The corresponding chance of commerciality is 72%.  Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 3.3 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is $60 MM with an expected timeline of 7 to 11 years
     
  Ferrier Falher Prospect Based on reservoir risk and development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 60% and the CoDis at 90%.  The corresponding chance of commerciality is 54%.  Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 2.7 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is $23 MM with an expected timeline of 15 to 20 years.
     
  Utikuma Gilwood Prospect Based on reservoir risk, development timing and limited Gilwood development in the area, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 60% and the CoDis at 50%.  The corresponding chance of commerciality is 30%.  Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 0.2 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is $3 MM with an expected timeline of 3 to 9 years.

 

(13)Prospective resources for France have been estimated based on the individual prospects outlined below. GLJ has estimated the aggregate CoDev at 74% and the aggregate CoDis at 28%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 21%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at an aggregate of 16.3. Utilizing established recovery technology, the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is an aggregate of  $380 MM. The expected development timeline is 1 to 13 years.

 

  Seebach Prospect Based on risks associated with seal, trap, reservoir and charge along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 75% and the CoDis at 18%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 14%.
Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 7.8 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $40 MM with an expected timeline of 5 to 7 years.
     
  Rachee Prospect Based on risk of closure and data quality along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 80% and the CoDis at 80%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 64%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 3.4 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $233 MM with an expected timeline of 9 to 13 years.
     
  Malnoue Prospect Based on reservoir, structure and trap risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 70% and the CoDis at 38%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 27%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 1.4 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $35 MM with an expected timeline of 8 to 12 years.
     
  West Lavergne Prospect Based on structure risk and development timing GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 80% and the CoDis at 70%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 56%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 1.2 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $7 MM with an expected timeline of 4 years.

 

 78 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

  Champotran Prospect Based on reservoir risk and development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 80% and the CoDis at 67%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 54%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 0.9 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $21 MM with an expected timeline of 1 to 11 years.
     
  Vulaines Prospect Based on reservoir and structure risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 80% and the CoDis at 40%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 32%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 0.6 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $14 MM with an expected timeline of 7 to 9 years.
     
  Charmottes Prospect Based on reservoir risk and development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 60% and the CoDis at 50%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 30%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 0.5 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $19 MM with an expected timeline of 10 to 12 years.
     
  Bernet Prospect Based on risks associated with reservoir, seal and trap along with economic factors, and development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 50% and the CoDis at 65%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 33%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 0.3 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $7 MM with an expected timeline of 4 to 5 years.
     
  Vert Le Grand Prospect Based on reservoir and structure risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 70% and the CoDis at 28%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 20%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 0.2 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $4 MM with an expected timeline of 4 to 5 years.
     
  Les Genets Prospect Based on reservoir, seal and closure risk, along with economic factors and development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 60% and the CoDis at 16%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 10%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 0.1 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $1 MM with an expected timeline of 8 years.
     
  North Acacias Prospect Based on reservoir, seal and trap risk, along with economic factors and development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 70% and the CoDis at 39%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 27%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at 0.07 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $1 MM with an expected timeline of 4 to 5 years.

  

(14)Prospective resources for Germany have been estimated based on the individual prospects outlined below. GLJ has estimated the aggregate CoDev at 70% and the aggregate CoDis at 42%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 29%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at an aggregate of 48.8 mmboe. Utilizing established recovery technology, the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is an aggregate of 313.4 MM. The expected development timeline is 1 to 13 years.

 

  Wisselshorst A Prospect Based on seal and trap risk along with development timing , GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 90%, and the CoDisc at 58%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 52%. Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 13.5 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $85.5MM with an expected timeline of 2 to 9 years.
     
  Ihlow Prospect Based on reservoir, seal and trap risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 71%, and the CoDisc at 51%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 36%. Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 6.6 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $46.6MM with an expected timeline of 5 to 7 years.
     
  Wisselshorst B Prospect Based on reservoir, seal and trap risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 90%, and the CoDisc at 50%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 45%. Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 5.5 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $42.7MM with an expected timeline of 5 to 12 years.
     
  Weissenmoor South Based on reservoir and trap risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 90%, and the CoDisc at 36%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 32%. Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 4.2 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $15.9MM with an expected timeline of 3 to 8 years.
     
  Simonswolde South Prospect Based on reservoir, seal and trap risk along with development timing , GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 71%, and the CoDisc at 48%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 34%. Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 4.1 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $16MM with an expected timeline of 8 to 9 years.
     
  Fallingbostel Based on reservoir, seal and trap risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 90%, and the CoDisc at 29%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 26%. Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 3.4 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $29.5MM with an expected timeline of 3 to 9 years.
     
  Hellwege Based on reservoir and trap risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 90%, and the CoDisc at 40%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 36%. Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 2.9 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $16.1MM with an expected timeline of 3 to 8 years.
     
  Jeddeloh Prospect Based on reservoir, seal and trap risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 38%, and the CoDisc at 32%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 12%. Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 2.9 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $23.1MM with an expected timeline of 3 to 12 years.
     
  Ohlendorf Prospect Based on source and trap risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 58%, and the CoDisc at 30%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 17%. Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 2.4 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $11.1MM with an expected timeline of 9 to 13 years.
     
  Uphuser Meer Prospect Based on reservoir, seal and trap risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 47%, and the CoDisc at 51%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 24%. Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 1.7 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $8.3MM with an expected timeline of 6 to 7 years.

 

 79 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

  Simonswolde North Prospect Based on reservoir, seal and trap risk along with development timing , GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 62%, and the CoDisc at 45%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 28%. Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 1.4 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $6.1MM with an expected timeline of 6 to 7 years.
     
  Burgmoor Z5 Prospect Based on reservoir, seal and trap risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 63%, and the CoDisc at 52%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 33%. Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 0.7mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $1.1MM with an expected timeline of 1 year.
     
  Widdernhausen East Prospect Based on reservoir, seal and trap risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 32%, and the CoDisc at 44%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 14%. Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 0.4 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $2.7MM with an expected timeline of 7 to 12 years.
     
  Wellie Prospect Based on reservoir, seal and source risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 32%, and the CoDisc at 20%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 6%. Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 0.3 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $3.3MM with an expected timeline of 10 years.
     
  Otterstedt Prospect Based on reservoir, seal and trap risk along with development timing , GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 46%, and the CoDisc at 34%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 16%. Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 0.3 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $3.5MM with an expected timeline of 8 to 13 years.
     
  Ostervesede Prospect Based on reservoir and seal risk along with development timing, GLJ has estimated the CoDev at 23%, and the CoDisc at 25%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 6%. Risked Best Estimate Prospective resources have been estimated at 0.1 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is  $0.7MM with an expected timeline of 7 to 10 years.

 

(15)Prospective resources for Netherlands have been estimated based on the factors outlined below. GLJ has estimated the aggregate CoDev at 28% and the aggregate CoDis at 39%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 11%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at an aggregate of 15.0 mmboe. Utilizing established recovery technology, the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is an aggregate of 127 MM with an expected timeline of 2 to 15 years.

 

Prospective resources for Netherlands East have been estimated based on the individual areas outlined below. GLJ has estimated the aggregate CoDev at 25% and the aggregate CoDis at 41%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 10%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at an aggregate of 12.1 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is an aggregate of 83 MM with an expected timeline of 2 to 15 years.

 

Chance of discovery provided for 109 prospective reservoir targets across 91 prospective locations. Risk primarily associated with presence of reservoir and seal as region proven to have adequate source, migration and timing to charge target reservoirs.
Chance of development risked to account for company commitment and development timing, anticipated timing for permitting in respective licenses and distance to export (i.e. pipeline/facility requirements to transport gas to sales point). Chance of development is also a function of prospect size.
65 prospects summed probabilistically across 13 development groups to appropriately allocate required infrastructure capital across multiple prospective targets within reasonable proximity. As probabilistic summation of the groups resulted in strong economic indicators, no further minimum economic field size calculations were applied as they were considered to have nominal impact.

 

Prospective resources for Netherlands West have been estimated based on the factors outlined below. GLJ has estimated the aggregate CoDev at 41% and the aggregate CoDis at 28%. The corresponding chance of commerciality is 12%. Risked best estimate prospective resources have been estimated at an aggregate of 2.9 mmboe and the risked estimated cost to bring these resources on commercial production is an aggregate of$ 43 MM with an expected timeline of 2 to 12 years.

 

Chance of discovery provided for 25 prospective reservoir targets across 21 prospective locations. Risk primarily associated with presence of reservoir and seal as region proven to have adequate source, migration and timing to charge target reservoirs.
Chance of development risked to account for company commitment and development timing, anticipated timing for permitting in respective licenses and distance to export (i.e. pipeline/facility requirements to transport gas to sales point). Chance of development is also a function of prospect size.
17 prospects summed probabilistically across 5 development groups to appropriately allocate required infrastructure capital across multiple prospective targets within reasonable proximity. As probabilistic summation of the groups resulted in strong economic indicators no further minimum economic field size calculations were applied as they were considered to have nominal impact.

 

 80 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

APPENDIX B

 

REPORT ON RESERVES DATA BY INDEPENDENT QUALIFIED RESERVES EVALUATOR OR AUDITOR (FORM 51-101F2)

 

To the Board of Directors of Vermilion Energy Inc. (the "Company"):

 

1.We have evaluated the Company’s reserves data as at December 31, 2017. The reserves data are estimates of proved reserves and probable reserves and related future net revenue as at December 31, 2017, estimated using forecast prices and costs.
2.The reserves data are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the reserves data based on our evaluation.
3.We carried out our evaluation in accordance with standards set out in the Canadian Oil and Gas Evaluation Handbook as amended from time to time (the "COGE Handbook") maintained by the Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers (Calgary Chapter).
4.Those standards require that we plan and perform an evaluation to obtain reasonable assurance as to whether the reserves data are free of material misstatement. An evaluation also includes assessing whether the reserves data are in accordance with principles and definitions presented in the COGE Handbook.
5.The following table shows the net present value of future net revenue (before deduction of income taxes) attributed to proved plus probable reserves, estimated using forecast prices and costs and calculated using a discount rate of 10 percent, included in the reserves data of the Company evaluated for the year ended December 2017, and identifies the respective portions thereof that we have evaluated and reported on to the Company's board of directors:

 

 

Independent Qualified

Effective Date of

Location of Reserves

(Country or Foreign

 

Net Present Value of Future Net Revenue

(before income taxes, 10% discount rate - M$)

Reserves Evaluator Evaluation Report Geographic Area) Audited Evaluated Reviewed Total
GLJ Petroleum Consultants December 31, 2017 Australia 313,137 313,137  
GLJ Petroleum Consultants December 31, 2017 Canada 1,465,934 1,465,934  
GLJ Petroleum Consultants December 31, 2017 France 1,563,813 1,563,813  
GLJ Petroleum Consultants December 31, 2017 Germany 393,903 393,903  
GLJ Petroleum Consultants December 31, 2017 Ireland 529,112 529,112  
GLJ Petroleum Consultants December 31, 2017 Netherlands 283,120 283,120  
GLJ Petroleum Consultants December 31, 2017 USA 192,106 192,106  
Total     4,741,125 4,741,125  

 

6.In our opinion, the reserves data evaluated by us have, in all material respects, been determined and are in accordance with the COGE Handbook, consistently applied. We express no opinion on the reserves data that we reviewed but did not audit or evaluate. 
7.We have no responsibility to update our reports referred to in paragraph 5 for events and circumstances occurring after the effective date of our reports. 
8.Because the reserves data are based on judgements regarding future events, actual results will vary and the variations may be material.

 

EXECUTED as to our reports referred to above:

 

GLJ Petroleum Consultants Ltd., Calgary, Alberta, Canada, February 1, 2018

 

"Jodi L. Anhorn"  
Jodi L. Anhorn, M.Sc., P.Eng.  
Executive Vice President & COO  

 

 81 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

APPENDIX B - PART 2

 

REPORT ON CONTINGENT RESOURCES DATA AND PROSPECTIVE RESOURCES DATA BY INDEPENDENT QUALIFIED RESERVES EVALUATOR

OR AUDITOR (FORM 51-101F2)

 

To the board of directors of Vermilion Energy Inc. (the "Company"):

 

1.We have evaluated the Company's contingent resources data and prospective resources data as at December 31, 2017. The contingent resources data and prospective resources data are risked estimates of volume of contingent resources and prospective resources and related risked net present value of future net revenue as at December 31, 2017, estimated using forecast prices and costs.
2.The contingent resources data and prospective resources data are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the contingent resources data and prospective resources data based on our evaluation. 
3.We carried out our evaluation in accordance with standards set out in the Canadian Oil and Gas Evaluation Handbook as amended from time to time (the "COGE Handbook") maintained by the Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers (Calgary Chapter). 
4.Those standards require that we plan and perform an evaluation to obtain reasonable assurance as to whether the contingent resources data and prospective resources data are free of material misstatement. An evaluation also includes assessing whether the contingent resources data and prospective resources data are in accordance with principles and definitions presented in the COGE Handbook. 
5.The following tables set forth the risked volume and risked net present value of future net revenue of contingent resources and prospective resources (before deduction of income taxes) attributed to contingent resources and prospective resources, estimated using forecast prices and costs and calculated using a discount rate of 10 percent, included in the Company's statement prepared in accordance with Form 51-101F1 and identifies the respective portions of the contingent resources data and prospective resources data that we have evaluated and reported on to the Company's board of directors:

 

Contingent Resources              
  Independent Qualified  

Location of Resources

Other than Reserves

Risked

Net Present Value of Future Net

Revenue (before income taxes,

10% discount rate - M$)

Classification

Reserves Evaluator or

Auditor

Effective Date of

Evaluation Report

(Country or Foreign

Geographic Area)

Volume
(Mboe)
Audited Evaluated Total
Development Pending Contingent Resources (2C) GLJ Petroleum Consultants December 31, 2017 Australia 2,440 31,044 31,044
Development Pending Contingent Resources (2C) GLJ Petroleum Consultants December 31, 2017 Canada 105,801 662,147 662,147
Development Pending Contingent Resources (2C) GLJ Petroleum Consultants December 31, 2017 France 27,262 439,654 439,654
Development Pending Contingent Resources (2C) GLJ Petroleum Consultants December 31, 2017 Germany 5,620 60,390 60,390
Development Pending Contingent Resources (2C) GLJ Petroleum Consultants December 31, 2017 Ireland
Development Pending Contingent Resources (2C) GLJ Petroleum Consultants December 31, 2017 Netherlands 2,462 41,025 41,025
Development Pending Contingent Resources (2C) GLJ Petroleum Consultants December 31, 2017 USA 33,164 342,983 342,983
Total       176,749 1,577,243 1,577,243
               
Classification Independent Qualified
Reserves Evaluator or
Auditor
Effective Date of
Evaluation Report
(Country or Foreign
Geographic Area)
Risked
Volume
(Mboe)
     
Development Unclarified Contingent Resources (2C) GLJ Petroleum Consultants December 31, 2017 Australia      
Development Unclarified Contingent Resources (2C) GLJ Petroleum Consultants December 31, 2017 Canada 26,834      
Development Unclarified Contingent Resources (2C) GLJ Petroleum Consultants December 31, 2017 France 2,539      
Development Unclarified Contingent Resources (2C) GLJ Petroleum Consultants December 31, 2017 Germany 249      
Development Unclarified Contingent Resources (2C) GLJ Petroleum Consultants December 31, 2017 Ireland      
Development Unclarified Contingent Resources (2C) GLJ Petroleum Consultants December 31, 2017 Netherlands 3,145      
Development Unclarified Contingent Resources (2C) GLJ Petroleum Consultants December 31, 2017 USA      
Total       32,767      

 

 82 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

Prospective Resources              
Classification Independent Qualified
Reserves Evaluator or
Auditor
Effective Date of
Evaluation Report
(Country or Foreign
Geographic Area)
Risked
Volume
(Mboe)
     
Prospect Prospective Resources GLJ Petroleum Consultants December 31, 2017 Australia 579      
Prospect Prospective Resources GLJ Petroleum Consultants December 31, 2017 Canada 72,752      
Prospect Prospective Resources GLJ Petroleum Consultants December 31, 2017 France 16,335      
Prospect Prospective Resources GLJ Petroleum Consultants December 31, 2017 Germany 48,788      
Prospect Prospective Resources GLJ Petroleum Consultants December 31, 2017 Ireland      
Prospect Prospective Resources GLJ Petroleum Consultants December 31, 2017 Netherlands 14,990      
Prospect Prospective Resources GLJ Petroleum Consultants December 31, 2017 USA      
Total       153,444      

 

6.In our opinion, the contingent resources data and prospective resources data respectively evaluated by us have, in all material respects, been determined and are in accordance with the COGE Handbook, consistently applied. We express no opinion on the contingent resources data and prospective resources that we reviewed but did not audit or evaluate.
7.We have no responsibility to update our reports referred to in paragraph 5 for events and circumstances occurring after the effective date of our reports.
8.Because the contingent resources data and prospective resources data are based on judgments regarding future events, actual results will vary and the variations may be material.

 

EXECUTED as to our reports referred to above:

 

GLJ Petroleum Consultants Ltd., Calgary, Alberta, Canada, February 1, 2018

 

"Jodi L. Anhorn"  
Jodi L. Anhorn, M.Sc., P.Eng.  
Executive Vice President & COO  

 

 83 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

APPENDIX C

 

REPORT OF MANAGEMENT AND DIRECTORS ON RESERVES DATA AND OTHER INFORMATION (FORM 51-101F3)

 

Terms to which a meaning is ascribed in National Instrument 51-101 have the same meaning herein.

 

Management of Vermilion Energy Inc. (the "Company") are responsible for the preparation and disclosure, or arranging for the preparation and disclosure of information with respect to the Company's oil and gas activities in accordance with securities regulatory requirements. This information includes reserves data, and includes contingent resources data and prospective resources data, which are estimates of proved reserves and probable reserves and related future net revenue as at December 31, 2017, estimated using forecast prices and costs.

 

Independent qualified reserves evaluators have evaluated the Company's reserves data, contingent resources data and prospective resources data. The report of the independent qualified reserves evaluators is presented in Schedule A to the Annual Information Form of the Company for the year ended December 31, 2017.

 

The Independent Reserves Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company has:

 

(a)reviewed the Company's procedures for providing information to the independent qualified reserves evaluators;
(b)met with the independent qualified reserves evaluators to determine whether any restrictions affected the ability of the independent qualified reserves evaluators to report without reservation; and 
(c)reviewed the reserves data, contingent resources data and prospective resources data with Management and the independent qualified reserves evaluators.

 

The Independent Reserves Committee of the Board of Directors has reviewed the Company's procedures for assembling and reporting other information associated with oil and gas activities and has reviewed that information with Management. The Board of Directors has, on the recommendation of the Audit and Independent Reserves Committees, approved:

 

(a)the content and filing with securities regulatory authorities of Form 51-101F1 containing reserves data, contingent resources data and prospective resources data and other oil and gas information; 
(b)the filing of Form 51-101F2 which is the report of the independent qualified reserves evaluators on the reserves data; and 
(c)the content and filing of this report.

 

Because the reserves data, contingent resources data and prospective resources data are based on judgements regarding future events, actual results will vary and the variations may be material.

 

“Anthony Marino”  
Anthony Marino, President & Chief Executive Officer  
   
“Curtis Hicks”  
Curtis W. Hicks, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer  
   
“Lorenzo Donadeo”  
Lorenzo Donadeo, Director and Chairman of the Board  
   
“William Roby”  
William Roby, Director  

 

February 28, 2018

 

 84 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

APPENDIX D

 

TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE AUDIT COMMITTEE

I.PURPOSE

 

The primary function of the Audit Committee (the "Committee") is to assist the Board in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities with respect to the Company’s accounting and financing reporting processes and the audit of the Company’s financial statements, including oversight of:

 

A.the integrity of the Company’s financial statements;
B.the Company’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements;
C.the independent auditors’ qualifications and independence;
D.the financial information that will be provided to the Shareholders and others;
E.the Company’s systems of disclosure controls and internal controls regarding finance, accounting, legal compliance and ethics, which management and the Board have established;
F.the performance of the Company’s audit processes; and
G.such other matters required by applicable laws and rules of any stock exchange on which the Company’s shares are listed for trading.

 

While the Committee has the responsibilities and powers set forth in its terms of reference, it is not the duty of the Committee to prepare financial statements, plan or conduct audits or to determine that the Company’s financial statements and disclosures are complete and accurate and are in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards and applicable rules and regulations. Primary responsibility for the financial reporting, information systems, risk management, and disclosure controls and internal controls of the Company is vested in management.

 

II.COMPOSITION AND OPERATIONS

 

A.The Committee shall be composed of not fewer than three directors and not more than five directors, all of whom are “independent”1 under the requirements or guidelines for audit committee service under applicable securities laws and rules of any stock exchange on which the Company’s shares are listed for trading.
B.All Committee members shall be "financially literate,"2 and at least one member shall have "accounting or related financial expertise" as such terms are interpreted by the Board in its business judgment in light of, and in accordance with, the requirements or guidelines for audit committee service under applicable securities laws and rules of any stock exchange on which the Company’s shares are listed for trading. The Committee may include a member who is not financially literate, provided he or she attains this status within a reasonable period of time following his or her appointment and providing the Board has determined that including such member will not materially adversely affect the ability of the Committee to act independently.
C.No Committee member shall serve on the audit committees of more than two other public issuers without prior determination by the Board that such simultaneous service would not impair the ability of such member to serve effectively on the Committee.
D.The Committee shall operate in a manner that is consistent with the Committee Guidelines outlined in Tab 8 of the Board Manual.
E.The Company's auditors shall be advised of the names of the Committee members and will receive notice of and be invited to attend meetings of the Committee, and to be heard at those meetings on matters relating to the auditor's duties.
F.The Committee may request any officer or employee of the Company, or the Company’s legal counsel, or any external or internal auditors to attend a meeting of the Committee to provide such pertinent information as the Committee requests or to meet with any members of, or consultants to the Committee. The Committee has the authority to communicate directly with the internal and external auditors as it deems appropriate to consider any matter that the Committee or auditors determine should be brought to the attention of the Board or Shareholders.
G.The Committee shall have the authority to select, retain, terminate and approve the fees and other retention terms of special independent legal counsel and other consultants or advisers to advise the Committee, as it deems necessary or appropriate, at the Company’s expense.

 

1 Committee members must be “independent”, as defined in Sections 1.4 and 1.5 of National Instrument 52-110 and ‘‘independent’’ under the requirements of Rule 10A-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 303A.06 of the NYSE Listed Company Manual.
   
2 The Board has adopted the NI 52-110 definition of "financial literacy", which is an individual is financially literate if he or she has the ability to read and understand a set of financial statements that present a breadth and level of complexity of accounting issues that are generally comparable to the breadth and complexity of the issues that can reasonably be expected to be raised by the issuer's financial statements.

 

 85 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

APPENDIX D

TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE AUDIT COMMITTEE (CONTINUED)

 

H.The Company shall provide for appropriate funding, as determined by the Committee, for payment of (i) compensation to the independent auditors engaged for the purpose of preparing or issuing an audit report or performing other audit review or attest services for the Company, (ii) compensation to any advisers employed by the Committee and (iii) ordinary administrative expenses of the Committee that are necessary or appropriate for carrying out its duties.

 

I.The Committee shall meet at least four times each year.

 

III.DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

 

Subject to the powers and duties of the Board, the Committee will perform the following duties:

 

A.Financial Statements and Other Financial Information

 

The Committee will review and recommend for approval to the Board financial information that will be made publicly available. This includes the responsibility to:

 

i)review and recommend approval of the Company's annual financial statements, MD&A and earnings press release and report to the Board of Directors before the statements are approved by the Board of Directors;
ii)review and recommend approval for release the Company's quarterly financial statements, MD&A and press releases, as well as financial information and earnings guidance provided to analysts and rating agencies;
iii)satisfy itself that adequate procedures are in place for the review of the public disclosure of financial information extracted or derived from the Company's financial statements, other than the public disclosure referred to in items (i) and (ii) above, and periodically assess the adequacy of those procedures; and
iv)review the Annual Information Form and any Prospectus/Private Placement Memorandums.

 

Review, and where appropriate, discuss:

 

v)the appropriateness of critical accounting policies and financial reporting practices used by the Company;
vi)major issues regarding accounting principles and financial statement presentations, including any significant proposed changes in financial reporting and accounting principles, policies and practices to be adopted by the Company and major issues as to the adequacy of the Company’s internal controls and any special audit steps adopted in light of material control deficiencies;
vii)analyses prepared by management or the external auditor setting forth significant financial reporting issues and judgments made in connection with the preparation of the financial statements, including analyses of the effects of alternative International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) methods on the financial statements of the Company and any other opinions sought by management from an independent or other audit firm or advisor with respect to the accounting treatment of a particular item;
viii)any management letter or schedule of unadjusted differences provided by the external auditor and the Company’s response to that letter and other material written communication between the external auditor and management;
ix)any problems, difficulties or differences encountered in the course of the audit work including any disagreements with management or restrictions on the scope of the external auditor’s activities or on access to requested information and management’s response thereto;
x)any new or pending developments in accounting and reporting standards that may affect the Company;
xi)the effect of regulatory and accounting initiatives, as well as any off-balance sheet structures on the financial statements of the Company and other financial disclosures;
xii)any reserves, accruals, provisions or estimates that may have a significant effect upon the financial statements of the Company;
xiii)the use of special purpose entities and the business purpose and economic effect of off balance sheet transactions, arrangements, obligations, guarantees and other relationships of Company and their impact on the reported financial results of the Company;
xiv)the use of any “pro forma” or “adjusted” information not in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
xv)any litigation, claim or contingency, including tax assessments, that could have a material effect upon the financial position of the Company, and the manner in which these matters may be, or have been, disclosed in the financial statements; and
xvi)accounting, tax and financial aspects of the operations of the Company as the Committee considers appropriate.

 

 86 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

APPENDIX D

TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE AUDIT COMMITTEE (CONTINUED)

 

B.Risk Management, Internal Control and Information Systems

 

The Committee will review and discuss with management, and obtain reasonable assurance that the risk management, internal control and information systems are operating effectively to produce accurate, appropriate and timely management and financial information. This includes the responsibility to:

 

i)review the Company's risk management controls and policies with specific responsibility for Credit & Counterparty, Market & Financial, Political and Strategic & Repatriation risks;
ii)obtain reasonable assurance that the information systems are reliable and the systems of internal controls are properly designed and effectively implemented through separate and periodic discussions with and reports from management, the internal auditor and external auditor; and
iii)review management steps to implement and maintain appropriate internal control procedures including a review of policies.

 

C.External Audit

 

The external auditor is required to report directly to the Committee, which will review the planning and results of external audit activities and the ongoing relationship with the external auditor. This includes:

 

i)review and recommend to the Board, for Shareholder approval, the appointment of the external auditor;
ii)review and approve the annual external audit plan, including but not limited to the following:
a)engagement letter between the external auditor and financial management of the Company;
b)objectives and scope of the external audit work;
c)procedures for quarterly review of financial statements;
d)materiality limit;
e)areas of audit risk;
f)staffing;
g)timetable; and
h)compensation and fees to be paid by the Company to the external auditor.
iii)meet with the external auditor to discuss the Company's quarterly and annual financial statements and the auditor's report including the appropriateness of accounting policies and underlying estimates;
iv)maintain oversight of the external auditor's work and advise the Board, including but not limited to:
a)the resolution of any disagreements between management and the external auditor regarding financial reporting;
b)any significant accounting or financial reporting issue;
c)the auditors' evaluation of the Company's system of internal controls, procedures and documentation;

the post audit or management letter containing any findings or recommendation of the external auditor, including management's response thereto and the subsequent follow-up to any identified internal control weaknesses;

d)any other matters the external auditor brings to the Committee's attention; and
e)evaluate and assess the qualifications and performance of the external auditors for recommendation to the Board as to the appointment or reappointment of the external auditor to be proposed for approval by the Shareholders, and ensuring that such auditors are participants in good standing pursuant to applicable regulatory laws.
v)review the auditor's report on all material subsidiaries;
vi)review and discuss with the external auditors all significant relationships that the external auditors and their affiliates have with the Company and its affiliates in order to determine the external auditors' independence, including, without limitation:
a)requesting, receiving and reviewing, on a periodic basis, a formal written statement from the external auditors, including a list of all relationships between the external auditor and the Company that may reasonably be thought to bear on the independence of the external auditors with respect to the Company;
b)discussing with the external auditors any disclosed relationships or services that the external auditors believe may affect the objectivity and independence of the external auditors; and

 

 87 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

APPENDIX D

TERMS OF REFERENCE FOR THE AUDIT COMMITTEE (CONTINUED)

 

c)recommending that the Board take appropriate action in response to the external auditors' report to satisfy itself of the external auditors' independence.
vii)annually request and review a report from the external auditor regarding (a) the external auditor’s quality-control procedures, (b) any material issues raised by the most recent quality-control review, or peer review, of the external auditor, or by any inquiry or investigation by governmental or professional authorities within the preceding five years respecting one or more independent audits carried out by the firm, and (c) any steps taken to deal with any such issues;
viii)review and pre-approve any non-audit services to be provided to the Company or any affiliates by the external auditor's firm or its affiliates (including estimated fees), and consider the impact on the independence of the external audit;
ix)review the disclosure with respect to its pre-approval of audit and non-audit services provided by the external auditors; and
x)meet periodically, and at least annually, with the external auditor without management present.

 

D.Compliance

 

The Committee shall:

i)Ensure that the external auditor's fees are disclosed by category in the Annual Information Form in compliance with regulatory requirements;
ii)Disclose any specific policies or procedures adopted for pre-approving non-audit services by the external auditor including affirmation that they meet regulatory requirements;
iii)Assist the Governance and Human Resources Committee with preparing the Company's governance disclosure by ensuring it has current and accurate information on:
a)the independence of each Committee member relative to regulatory requirements for audit committees;
b)the state of financial literacy of each Committee member, including the name of any member(s) currently in the process of acquiring financial literacy and when they are expected to attain this status; and
c)the education and experience of each Committee member relevant to his or her responsibilities as Committee member.
iv)Disclose, if required, if the Company has relied upon any exemptions to the requirements for committees under applicable securities laws and rules of any stock exchange on which the Company’s shares are listed for trading.

 

E.Other

 

The Committee shall:

 

i)establish and periodically review procedures for:
a)the receipt, retention and treatment of complaints received by the Company regarding accounting, internal accounting controls, or auditing matters; and
b)the confidential, anonymous submission by employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters or other matters that could negatively affect the Company, such as violations of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics.
ii)review and approve the Company's hiring policies regarding partners, employees and former partners and employees of the present and former external auditor;
iii)review insurance coverage of significant business risks and uncertainties;
iv)review material litigation and its impact on financial reporting;
v)review policies and procedures for the review and approval of officers' expenses and perquisites;
vi)review the policies and practices concerning the expenses and perquisites of the Chairman, including the use of the assets of the Company;
vii)review with external auditors any corporate transactions in which directors or officers of the Company have a personal interest; and
viii)review the terms of reference for the Committee at least annually and otherwise as it deems appropriate, and recommend changes to the Board as required. The Committee shall evaluate its performance with reference to the terms of reference annually.

 

 88 

Vermilion Energy Inc.

AIF for the year ended December 31, 2017

 

IV.ACCOUNTABILITY

 

D.The Committee Chair has the responsibility to make periodic reports to the Board, as requested, on financial and other matters considered by the Committee relative to the Company.

 

E.The Committee shall report its discussions to the Board by maintaining minutes of its meetings and providing an oral report at the next Board meeting.

 

 89