Income Taxes

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2023

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Income Taxes

Income Taxes

We compute our interim tax provision using an estimated annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items. Our 2023 estimated annual effective tax rate primarily reflects the 21% federal tax rate, the impact of taxation upon foreign operations, and a forecasted increase to the valuation allowance, which is partially offset by research and development tax credits. Our actual effective tax rates were 14.3% and 23.2% for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022. The effective tax rate for the three months ended March 31, 2023 included an additional increase in the valuation allowance treated as a discrete tax expense.

As of December 31, 2022, the Company had recorded valuation allowances of $3,162 primarily for certain federal deferred tax assets, as well as for certain federal and state net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards. To measure the valuation allowance, the Company estimated in what year each of     its deferred tax assets and liabilities would reverse using systematic and logical methods to estimate the

reversal patterns. Based on these methods, deferred tax liabilities are assumed to reverse and generate taxable income over the next 5 to 10 years while deferred tax assets related to pension and other postretirement benefit obligations are assumed to reverse and generate tax deductions over the next 15 to 20 years. The valuation allowance primarily results from not having sufficient income from deferred tax liability reversals in the appropriate future periods to support the realization of deferred tax assets.

Federal income tax audits have been settled for all years prior to 2018. The Internal Revenue Service is currently auditing the 2018-2020 tax years. We are also subject to examination in major state and international jurisdictions for the 2008-2021 tax years. We believe appropriate provisions for all outstanding tax issues have been made for all jurisdictions and all open years.

Audit outcomes and the timing of audit settlements are subject to significant uncertainty. It is reasonably possible that within the next 12 months, unrecognized tax benefits related to federal tax matters under audit may decrease by up to $620 based on current estimates.