Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Components of Earnings Before Income Taxes Between Domestic and Foreign Jurisdictions

The components of Loss before income taxes were:

Years ended December 31,	2022	2021	2020
U.S.	($5,457)	($5,475)	($14,882)
Non-U.S.	435	442	406
Total	($5,022)	($5,033)	($14,476)

Schedule of Income Tax Expense/(Benefit)

Income tax (benefit)/expense consisted of the following:

Years ended December 31,	2022	2021	2020
Current tax (benefit)/expense
U.S. federal	($58)	($89)	($3,968)
Non-U.S.	142	147	148
U.S. state	(42)	42	21
Total current	42	100	(3,799)
Deferred tax (benefit)/expense
U.S. federal	(62)	(855)	652
Non-U.S.	(3)	(12)
U.S. state	54	24	612
Total deferred	(11)	(843)	1,264
Total income tax expense/(benefit)	$31	($743)	($2,535)

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

The following is a reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory tax to actual income tax (benefit)/expense:

Years ended December 31,	2022			2021			2020
	Amount	Rate		Amount	Rate		Amount	Rate
U.S. federal statutory tax	($1,054)	21.0	%	($1,057)	21.0	%	($3,039)	21.0	%
Valuation allowance	1,199	(23.9)		512	(10.2)		2,603	(18.0)
Research and development credits	(204)	4.1		(189)	3.8		(284)	2.0
State income tax provision, net of effects on U.S. federal tax	(90)	1.8		(94)	1.9		(168)	1.2
Tax on non-U.S. activities	64	(1.3)		47	(0.9)		7	(0.1)
Impact of CARES Act (1)	(5)	0.1		3	(0.1)		(1,175)	8.1
Other provision adjustments	121	(2.4)		35	(0.8)		108	(0.8)
Audit settlements(2)							(587)	4.1
Income tax expense/(benefit)	$31	(0.6)	%	($743)	14.7	%	($2,535)	17.5	%

(1)    On March 27, 2020, the CARES Act was enacted, which includes a five year net operating loss (NOL) carryback provision which enabled us to benefit from the 2020 U.S. federal tax NOL at the former federal tax rate of 35%. In 2022, 2021, and 2020, we recorded tax benefits of $5, tax expense of $3, and tax benefits of $1,175 related to the NOL carryback provision.

(2)    In the fourth quarter of 2020, we recorded a tax benefit of $587 related to the settlement of the 2015-2017 federal tax audit.

Significant Components of Deferred Tax Assets Net of Deferred Tax Liabilities

Significant components of our deferred tax assets/(liabilities) at December 31 were as follows:

	2022	2021
Inventory and long-term contract methods of income recognition	($4,369)	($3,827)
Federal net operating loss, credit, interest and other carryovers(1)	2,082	1,522
Fixed assets, intangibles and goodwill	(1,641)	(1,657)
Research expenditures	1,464
Pension benefits	1,146	1,739
Other employee benefits	1,095	991
State net operating loss, credit, interest and other carryovers(2)	1,021	929
Accrued expenses and reserves	933	763
Other postretirement benefit obligations	660	913
737 MAX customer concessions and other considerations	425	682
Other	179	227
Gross deferred tax assets/(liabilities) before valuation allowance	$2,995	$2,282
Valuation allowance	(3,162)	(2,423)
Net deferred tax assets/(liabilities) after valuation allowance	($167)	($141)

(1)     Of the deferred tax asset for federal net operating loss, credit, interest and other carryovers, $742 expires on or before December 31, 2042 and $1,340 may be carried over indefinitely.

(2)     Of the deferred tax asset for state net operating loss, credit, interest and other carryovers, $514 expires on or before December 31, 2042 and $507 may be carried over indefinitely.

Net Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Net deferred tax assets/(liabilities) at December 31 were as follows:

	2022	2021
Deferred tax assets	$12,301	$11,258
Deferred tax liabilities	(9,306)	(8,976)
Valuation allowance	(3,162)	(2,423)
Net deferred tax assets/(liabilities)	($167)	($141)

Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

	2022	2021	2020
Unrecognized tax benefits – January 1	$858	$966	$1,476
Gross increases – tax positions in prior periods	17	64	44
Gross decreases – tax positions in prior periods	(51)	(245)	(581)
Gross increases – current period tax positions	91	73	136
Gross decreases – current period tax positions
Settlements			(109)
Unrecognized tax benefits – December 31	$915	$858	$966