10-Q 1 form10q.htm GRANDE COMMUNICATIONS HOLDINGS 10Q 9-30-2007 form10q.htm


UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
 

 
FORM 10-Q


 
x
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2007
 
OR
 
¨
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1934
 
For the transition period from                      to                     
 
Commission file number 333-115602


Grande Communications Holdings, Inc.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


 
 
Delaware
74-3005133
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
   
401 Carlson Circle, San Marcos, TX
78666
(Address of principal executive offices)
(Zip Code)
 
Registrant’s telephone number including area code: (512) 878-4000
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days:    Yes  x    No  ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer  ¨
Accelerated filer  ¨
Non-accelerated filer  x
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes  ¨    No  x
 
The number of shares of the registrant’s Common Stock outstanding as of November 8, 2007 was 12,627,265.
 



 
GRANDE COMMUNICATIONS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
 
Index
 
 
 
Page No.
Part I.
         3    
   
 
Item 1.
         3    
 
         3    
 
         4    
 
         5    
 
         6    
   
 
Item 2.
         8    
         
Item 3.
         21    
     
Item 4.
         21    
   
 
Part II.
         22    
   
 
Item 1.
         22    
     
Item 1A.
         22    
     
Item 2.
         22    
   
 
Item 3.
         22    
         
Item 4.
         22    
   
 
Item 5.
         22    
   
 
Item 6.
         22    
 
 
         24    
 
2

 
 
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
GRANDE COMMUNICATIONS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
 
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except share data)
 
 
 
December 31,
   
September 30,
 
   
2006
   
2007 
 
 
 
 
   
(unaudited)
 
Assets
 
 
   
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
   
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents, net of restricted cash of $2,889 and $3,129
  $
43,948
    $
58,778
 
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $1,193 and $871
   
17,241
     
18,855
 
Prepaid expenses
   
1,823
     
2,405
 
Total current assets
   
63,012
     
80,038
 
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $261,485 and $301,286
   
271,939
     
256,359
 
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $753 and $942
   
1,748
     
1,604
 
Debt issue costs, net
   
5,115
     
4,518
 
Other assets
   
3,227
     
3,487
 
 
               
Total assets
  $
345,041
    $
346,006
 
Liabilities and stockholders’ equity
               
Current liabilities:
               
Accounts payable
  $
11,981
    $
12,004
 
Accrued liabilities
   
14,556
     
15,650
 
Accrued interest payable
   
5,880
     
12,470
 
Deferred revenue
   
6,546
     
6,855
 
Current portion of long-term debt
   
9
     
2,562
 
Current portion of capital lease obligations
   
3,859
     
3,628
 
 
               
Total current liabilities
   
42,831
     
53,169
 
Deferred rent
   
1,268
     
1,240
 
Deferred revenue
   
4,551
     
4,106
 
Capital lease obligations, net of current portion
   
16,634
     
14,350
 
Long term debt, net of current portion
   
160,797
     
189,111
 
Total liabilities
   
226,081
     
261,976
 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 4)
               
Stockholders’ equity:
               
Senior series preferred stock:
               
Series G preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share; 34,615,384 shares authorized, 34,615,330 shares issued and outstanding; liquidation preference of $135,000
   
35
     
35
 
Junior series preferred stock:
               
Series A preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share; 232,617,839 shares authorized, 232,617,838 shares issued and outstanding; liquidation preference of $232,618
   
233
     
233
 
Series B preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share; 20,833,333 shares authorized, issued and outstanding; liquidation preference of $25,000
   
21
     
21
 
Series C preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share; 30,000,000 shares authorized, 17,005,191 shares issued and outstanding; liquidation preference of $20,406
   
17
     
17
 
Series D preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share; 115,384,615 shares authorized, 114,698,442 shares issued and outstanding; liquidation preference of $149,108
   
115
     
115
 
Series E preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share; 8,000,000 shares authorized, 7,999,099 shares issued and outstanding; liquidation preference of $19,998
   
8
     
8
 
Series F preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share; 12,307,792 shares authorized, 11,758,278 shares issued and outstanding; liquidation preference of $15,286
   
12
     
12
 
Series H preferred stock, $0.001 par value per share; 30,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding
   
     
 
Common stock, $0.001 par value per share; 828,835,883 shares authorized, 13,091,140 and 13,117,340 shares issued, 12,591,140 and 12,617,340 shares outstanding, at December 31, 2006 and September 30, 2007, respectively
   
13
     
13
 
Additional paid-in capital
   
508,736
     
509,237
 
Treasury stock, at cost
    (5 )     (5 )
Accumulated deficit
    (390,225 )     (425,656 )
Total stockholders’ equity
   
118,960
     
84,030
 
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
  $
345,041
    $
346,006
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
 
3

 
GRANDE COMMUNICATIONS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
 
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)
(In thousands, except per share data)
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
   
Nine Months Ended
 
   
September 30,
   
September 30, 
 
 
 
2006
   
2007
   
2006
   
2007
 
Operating revenues
  $
47,483
    $
49,348
    $
142,675
    $
147,595
 
Operating expenses:
                               
Cost of revenues (excluding depreciation and amortization)
   
16,705
     
16,948
     
49,704
     
50,981
 
Selling, general and administrative
   
24,939
     
23,758
     
73,538
     
69,823
 
Depreciation and amortization
   
13,365
     
14,946
     
41,439
     
41,843
 
Total operating expenses
   
55,009
     
55,652
     
164,681
     
162,647
 
Operating loss
    (7,526 )     (6,304 )     (22,006 )     (15,052 )
Other income (expense):
                               
Interest income
   
532
     
539
     
1,089
     
1,244
 
Interest expense, net of capitalized interest
    (6,254 )     (7,795 )     (17,655 )     (21,229 )
Net gain on sale of assets
   
49
     
204
     
2,544
     
447
 
Total other income (expense)
    (5,673 )     (7,052 )     (14,022 )     (19,538 )
Loss before income tax expense
    (13,199 )     (13,356 )     (36,028 )     (34,590 )
Income tax expense
   
      (281 )    
      (841 )
Net loss
  $ (13,199 )   $ (13,637 )   $ (36,028 )   $ (35,431 )
Basic and diluted net loss per share
  $ (1.05 )   $ (1.08 )   $ (2.88 )   $ (2.81 )
Basic and diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding
   
12,534
     
12,611
     
12,512
     
12,601
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
 
4

 
GRANDE COMMUNICATIONS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
 
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)
(In thousands)
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended
 
   
September 30,
 
 
 
2006
   
2007
 
Cash flows from operating activities:
 
 
   
 
 
Net loss
  $ (36,028 )   $ (35,431 )
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
               
Depreciation
   
41,240
     
41,654
 
Amortization of intangible assets
   
199
     
189
 
Amortization of deferred financing costs
   
748
     
762
 
Provision for bad debts
   
2,566
     
2,185
 
Amortization of debt discount/premium
   
801
     
938
 
Non-cash compensation expense
   
231
     
499
 
Net gain on sale of assets
    (2,544 )     (447 )
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
               
Accounts receivable
    (1,495 )     (3,799 )
Prepaid expenses and other assets
   
461
      (842 )
Accounts payable
    (345 )    
690
 
Accrued liabilities and interest payable
   
9,175
     
7,684
 
Deferred revenue
    (185 )    
129
 
Deferred rent
   
280
      (28 )
Net cash provided by operating activities
   
15,104
     
14,183
 
Cash flows from investing activities:
               
Purchases of property, plant and equipment
    (23,626 )     (27,174 )
Proceeds from sale of assets
   
9,502
     
590
 
Proceeds from sales tax refunds
   
924
     
1,130
 
Maturities of short term investments
   
350
     
 
Other investing activity
    (47 )     (45 )
Net cash used in investing activities
    (12,897 )     (25,499 )
Cash flows from financing activities:
               
Net proceeds from borrowings
   
30,581
     
30,054
 
Payments of long-term debt and capital lease obligations
    (2,007 )     (3,076 )
Deferred financing costs
    (86 )     (165 )
Net borrowings (repayments) on zero-balance cash account
   
147
      (667 )
Other financing activity
   
10
     
 
Net cash provided by financing activities
   
28,645
     
26,146
 
Net change in cash and cash equivalents
   
30,852
     
14,830
 
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period
   
26,719
     
43,948
 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period
  $
57,571
    $
58,778
 
                 
                 
 Non-cash investing and financing activity:                
 Capital lease obligations   $
6,257
    $
437
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed consolidated financial statements.
 
5

 
GRANDE COMMUNICATIONS HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
 
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
 
 
1.            Background and Basis of Presentation
 
The primary business of Grande Communications Holdings, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiary, Grande Communications Networks, Inc. (collectively, the “Company”) is providing residential and small and medium sized business customers in Texas with a bundled package of cable television, telephone, and broadband Internet and other services. The Company provides these services in seven markets in the state of Texas using local broadband networks that the Company constructed. In addition, the Company provides broadband transport services to medium and large enterprises and communication carriers.  The Company also provides network services by offering telecommunications and data products to medium and large enterprises and communication carriers within the wholesale markets.
 
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) that permit reduced disclosure for interim periods. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and notes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, these condensed consolidated financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting of normal, recurring adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position of the Company as of September 30, 2006 and 2007, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ended December 31, 2007. The December 31, 2006 balance sheet is derived from the audited financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2006. These interim financial statements should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2006 and notes thereto, together with management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations contained in the Company’s Annual Report for the year ended December 31, 2006 on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 30, 2007.
 
Preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying disclosures. These estimates are based on management’s best knowledge of current events and actions the Company may undertake in the future. Actual results may ultimately differ from these estimates.
 
2.            Income Taxes
 
The Company adopted the provisions of FASB Interpretation No. 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes-an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (“FIN 48”), on January 1, 2007. FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements in accordance with FASB Statement No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes”, and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement process for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return.
 
Based on our evaluation, we have concluded that there are no significant unrecognized tax benefits requiring recognition in our financial statements. We also have no recognized tax benefits that should be derecognized in our financial statements.  Our evaluation was performed for the tax years ended December 31, 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006, the tax years that remain subject to examination by federal jurisdiction as of September 30, 2007.  The tax years that remain subject to examination by the state of Texas include the previously mentioned tax years as well as the tax year ended December 31, 2002.
 
We may from time to time be assessed interest or penalties by major tax jurisdictions, although any such assessments historically have been minimal and immaterial to our financial results. In the event we have received an assessment for interest and/or penalties, it has been classified in the financial statements as interest expense and selling, general and administrative expense, respectively.
 
Effective January 1, 2007, the state of Texas changed its Texas franchise tax, which was based on taxable capital, to a gross margin tax resulting in income tax expense for the Company during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2007.  The 2006 Texas franchise tax expense is included as a component of selling, general and administrative expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006.
 
6

 
3.    Long Term Debt
 
During 2007, the Company completed new equipment financing of $4.1 million with a term of 24 months, which was utilized for the purchase of network equipment.  The financing is secured by the network equipment purchased with the proceeds of the borrowing and bears interest at an effective annual rate of approximately 15.3% with monthly payments equal to 4.2% multiplied by the total amount borrowed.  This financing is permitted under the indenture between Grande and U.S. Bank National Association, as Indenture Trustee, dated March 23, 2004 (the “Indenture”) governing the 14% senior secured notes due 2011 (the “senior notes”).
 
14% Senior Secured Notes
 
On July 18, 2007, the Company completed a private placement offering of an additional $25 million in aggregate principal amount of senior notes for gross proceeds of approximately $26.0 million including a premium on issuance of $1.0 million.  Debt issuance costs were approximately $0.2 million.  These additional senior notes were issued under the Indenture and are part of the same series of senior notes as those issued in March 2004 and 2006.  The holders of a majority of the outstanding principal balance of the senior notes consented to the amendment of the Indenture to allow the Company to complete this issuance and we entered into a Supplemental Indenture to reflect this amendment on July 18, 2007.
 
4.            Contingencies
 
Legal Proceedings
 
We are subject to litigation in the normal course of our business. However, there are no pending proceedings that are currently anticipated to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
 
Insurance
 
The Company carries a broad range of insurance coverage, including property, business, auto liability, general liability, directors and officers, workers’ compensation and an umbrella policy. The Company has not incurred significant claims or losses on any of these insurance policies.
 
The Company utilizes self-insurance with respect to employee medical coverage. Such self-insurance is provided in connection with a plan that includes certain stop-loss coverage on a per employee and total claims basis. The Company estimates the liability for claims based on Company experience. Additionally, the Company utilizes self-insurance for its distribution line equipment. Management believes that the risk of loss related to this equipment is not significant.
 
5.            Subsequent Events
 
During October 2007, we paid $12.5 million of interest due on our senior notes.
7

 
ITEM 2.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
This management’s discussion and analysis includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. We intend our forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements in these sections. When used in this report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “should,” “intend,” “plan” and similar expressions as they relate to Grande Communications Holdings, Inc. or our management are intended to identify these forward-looking statements. All statements by us regarding our expected future financial position and operating results, our business strategy, our financing plans, forecasted trends relating to the markets in which we operate and similar matters are forward-looking statements. We cannot assure you that our expectations expressed or implied in these forward-looking statements will turn out to be correct. Our actual results could be materially different from our expectations because of various factors, including those discussed below and under the caption “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Our Business” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, filed with the SEC on March 30, 2007. The following management’s discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto included herewith and with our Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation and Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto for the three-year period ended December 31, 2006, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 30, 2007.
 
Unless we indicate otherwise, references below to “we,” “us,” “our,” “the Company” and “Grande” mean Grande Communications Holdings, Inc. and our consolidated subsidiary, Grande Communications Networks, Inc., taken as a whole.
 
Overview
 
Grande’s primary business is providing residential and small and medium sized business customers in Texas with a bundled package of cable television, telephone, and broadband Internet and other services. We provide these services in seven markets in the state of Texas using local broadband networks that we constructed. We refer to the homes and businesses that our network is capable of providing services to as “marketable homes passed.” As of September 30, 2007, we had the ability to market services to 339,678 distinct homes and businesses over our networks and had 144,889 residential and business customers. Our operating revenues were $47.5 million and $49.3 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007, respectively, and $142.7 million and $147.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
 
Grande was founded in October 1999 and was funded with $232 million of initial equity capital to pursue a retail strategy of constructing broadband networks in order to offer bundled cable television, telephone, and broadband Internet services to customers. Operating revenues from bundled services were $36.6 million and $38.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007, respectively, and $109.2 million and $115.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
 
We believe that an important measure of our growth potential is the number of marketable homes passed by our networks. Marketable homes passed are the number of residential and business units, such as single family residential homes, apartments and condominium units, passed by our networks, other than those we believe are covered by exclusive arrangements with other providers of competing services. Since 2001, we have grown our marketable homes passed through the construction of our networks. The expansion of our networks has, in turn, allowed us to pursue a retail strategy of offering bundled cable television, telephone and broadband Internet services to residential and business customers. We have derived an increasing percentage of our revenues from our bundled services and we expect this trend to continue. Because of our local networks and fixed infrastructure in the markets in which we currently operate, we believe we can continue to grow our business without incurring the significant capital investment required to launch operations in new markets.
 
In addition, we have leveraged our retail metro network build-out with the 2003 acquisition of a long haul fiber optic network, primarily located in Texas, to allow us to provide broadband transport services to medium and large enterprises and communication carriers. Operating revenues for broadband transport services were $2.2 million and $2.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007, respectively, and $6.4 million and $7.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
 
In July 2000, when our network construction was still in a very early stage, we acquired Thrifty Call, which had an established telephone and data network that served as the platform for the provisioning of residential telephone and broadband Internet services and that still provides network services to medium and large enterprises and communication carriers in the wholesale market. Operating revenues for network services were $8.7 million and $8.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007, respectively, and $27.1 million and $24.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
 
8

 
Our network services are primarily provided using our existing infrastructure and personnel with minimal incremental operating costs and capital expenditures for maintenance. By leveraging our brand, communications infrastructure, voice and data volume, and personnel that predominantly support our core retail business and its products, we have gained efficiencies of scale by offering telecommunications and data products into the wholesale markets.
 
We have incurred net losses for the past five years and expect to continue to incur net losses in the future. However, we had positive Adjusted EBITDA during the fiscal years 2002 through 2006 as well as for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007. See “EBITDA/Adjusted EBITDA” below for a discussion of this non-GAAP measure of our operating performance as well as our use of Adjusted EBITDA.
 
Our financial results depend upon many factors that significantly affect our results of operations including, without limitation:
 
 
the availability of, and our ability to obtain additional funding, if necessary,
 
 
our ability to obtain enough customers for our services to offset the costs of operating our networks, and
 
 
increasing programming and other costs.
 
Availability of Capital
 
As described more fully under “Liquidity and Capital Resources” below, our principal sources of capital going forward will primarily be cash on hand and cash flow from operations. If we do not continue to increase the number of customers and the average prices received for our services, cash flow from operations will be adversely affected and cash on hand will decline.
 
Since inception, we have been funded primarily with private equity investments and the issuance of debt securities. Between February 2000 and October 2003, we completed a series of private placements of our preferred stock, raising aggregate gross proceeds of $338.2 million. The net proceeds from these private placements were used to fund our network build-out, operations, and our acquisitions. As a result of these equity investments and our stock-for-stock merger with ClearSource in 2002, where stock was used as consideration, we now have over $509 million of total invested equity capital and a base of over 20 institutional private equity investors.
 
We have also raised approximately $180.1 million of senior secured debt, including premiums and net of discounts and financing costs. During March 2004, we raised net proceeds of approximately $123.8 million in a private placement of 136,000 units, with each unit consisting of a $1,000 principal amount of 14% senior secured note due 2011 (“senior notes”) and a warrant to purchase 100.336 shares of our common stock. The senior notes are governed by the indenture between Grande and U.S. Bank National Association, as Indenture Trustee, dated March 23, 2004 (“Indenture”). We used a portion of the net proceeds from the offering to repay all amounts outstanding under our then-existing senior credit facility, which was terminated upon repayment.
 
In March 2006, we raised net proceeds of approximately $30.5 million in a private placement of an additional $32.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 14% senior secured notes due 2011. These additional notes were issued under the Indenture. We used the net proceeds for capital expenditures and working capital purposes.
 
On July 18, 2007, we completed a private placement offering of an additional $25 million in aggregate principal amount of senior notes for gross proceeds of approximately $26.0 million including a premium on issuance of $1.0 million.  Debt issuance costs were approximately $0.2 million.  We plan to use the net proceeds for capital expenditures and working capital purposes. These additional senior notes were issued under the Indenture and are part of the same series of senior notes as those issued in March 2004 and March 2006.  The holders of a majority of the outstanding principal balance of the senior notes consented to the amendment of the Indenture to allow the Company to complete this issuance and we entered into a Supplemental Indenture to reflect this amendment on July 18, 2007.
 
During 2007, we completed new equipment financing of $4.1 million with a term of 24 months, which was utilized for the purchase of network equipment.  The financing is secured by the network equipment purchased with the proceeds of the borrowing and bears interest at an effective annual rate of approximately 15.3% with monthly payments equal to 4.2% multiplied by the total amount borrowed.  This financing is permitted under the Indenture governing the senior notes.

9

 
Marketable Homes Passed, Customers and Connections
 
We report marketable homes passed as the number of residential and business units, such as single family residence homes, apartments and condominium units, passed by our networks other than those we believe are covered by exclusive arrangements with other providers of competing services.  As of September 30, 2007, our networks passed 339,678 marketable homes and we had 144,889 residential and business customers. During the three months ended September 30, 2007, marketable homes passed decreased due to terminating certain multiple family dwelling unit (“MDU”) service arrangements partially offset by new residential and business units passed.
 
Because we deliver multiple services to our customers, we report our total number of connections for cable television, telephone and broadband Internet and other services in addition to our total number of customers. We count each cable television, telephone and broadband Internet and other service purchase as a separate connection. For example, a single customer who purchases cable television, telephone and broadband Internet service would count as three connections. Similarly, a single customer who purchases our broadband Internet service and our telephone service would count as two connections. We do not record the purchase of long distance telephone service by a local telephone customer or digital cable services by an analog cable customer as additional connections. However, we do record each purchase of an additional telephone line by a local telephone customer as an additional connection. As of September 30, 2007, we had 306,070 connections.
 
Regulation of Cable Services

On November 13, 2007, the Federal Communications Commission ("FCC") released an order adopted on October 31, 2007 by the FCC that prohibits cable operators from entering into new or enforcing existing exclusivity clauses in access arrangements with MDUs.  The order is effective 30 days after publication. We are currently uncertain of the impact the FCC order will have on our results of operations and financial condition and the competition we face in providing cable television programming to current and future MDUs.
 
Operating Revenues
 
We derive our operating revenues primarily from monthly charges for the provision of cable television, telephone, and broadband Internet and other services to residential and business customers. In addition, we derive operating revenues by providing broadband transport services to medium and large enterprises and communication carriers as well as providing network services by offering telecommunications and data products to medium and large enterprises and communication carriers within the wholesale markets. These services are a single business provided over a unified network. However, since our different products and services generally involve different types of charges and in some cases different billing methods, we have presented the following information on our revenues from each major product line.
 
Bundled services revenues—cable television, telephone, broadband Internet and other. We typically provide cable television, telephone and broadband Internet and other services on a bundled basis for fixed monthly fees billed in advance, with the amount of the monthly fee varying significantly depending upon the particular bundle of services provided. We also charge usage-based fees for additional services, such as pay-per-view movies that involve a charge for each viewing and long-distance services that involve charges by the number of minutes of use. We generally bill for these usage-based services monthly in arrears. We also generate revenues from one-time charges for the installation of premises equipment. Most of our bundled offerings include fees for equipment rental, although in some instances we sell modems to customers. Revenue generated from equipment sales is an insignificant portion of our total revenues. We also charge monthly or one-time fees for additional services, including advertising. We collect from our cable customers and include in our gross revenues the fees payable to cable franchise authorities, which are usually approximately 5% of our revenues from cable subscriptions. We began offering security services as part of our bundle in June 2004. We discontinued actively marketing our security services in 2006. However, we continue to provide service to our existing customer base. The security revenue is included in broadband Internet and other.
 
Broadband transport services revenues. Our revenues from broadband transport services, which consist of access to our metro area networks and point-to-point circuits on our long-haul fiber optic network, involve fixed monthly fees billed in advance, where the amount charged varies with the amount of capacity, type of service and whether any customized capacity or services are provided. Our revenues also include non-recurring charges for construction, installation and configuration services, which can vary significantly depending upon the customer’s needs.
 
Network services revenues. Our revenues from network services consist primarily of revenues from switched carrier services and managed modem services. We bill for most of our network services monthly in arrears based on actual usage. However, some network services, particularly our managed modem services, involve fixed monthly charges billed in advance. Some network services include non-recurring fees for installation or other work needed to connect the customer to our networks. There are monthly charges or negotiated fees for other services such as VoIP terminations, directory assistance, web hosting, database, collocation, and technical support.
 
10

 
Costs and Expenses
 
Cost of Revenues
 
Cost of revenues includes those expenses that are directly related to the generation of operating revenues and has fixed and variable components, however it does not include depreciation or amortization. Our network supports the products and services that we provide to customers, and due to a common network infrastructure and many of the same resources and personnel being used to generate revenues from the various product and service categories, it is difficult to determine cost of revenues by product.
 
Our cost of revenues include the following:
 
 
Cable costs. Programming costs historically have been the largest portion of the cost of providing our cable television services and we expect this trend to continue. We have entered into contracts for cable programming through the National Cable Television Cooperative and directly with programming providers to provide programming to be aired on our networks. We pay a monthly fee for these programming services based on the average number of subscribers to the program, although some fees are adjusted based on the total number of subscribers to the system or the system penetration percentage. Since programming cost is based on numbers of subscribers, it will increase as we add more subscribers. It will also increase to the extent costs per channel increase over time, and may change depending upon the mix of channels we offer in each market from time to time. Our cable costs also include retransmission fees for local programming and fees payable to cable franchise authorities, which are usually approximately 5% of our revenues from cable subscriptions.
 
 
Telephone costs. Our cost of revenues associated with delivering telephone services to residential and business customers consist primarily of transport costs, which are comprised mostly of amounts needed for the operation, monitoring and maintenance of our networks, and also include access and other fees that we pay to other carriers to carry calls outside of our networks. Transport costs are largely fixed so long as we do not need to procure additional equipment or lease additional capacity. Transport costs are expected to increase when new network facilities need to be obtained. The access fees are generally usage-based and, therefore, variable.
 
 
Broadband Internet and other costs. Our cost of revenues associated with delivering broadband Internet and other services to residential and business customers consists primarily of transport costs and fees associated with peering arrangements we have with other carriers. Transport costs and peering fees for this service are largely fixed as long as we do not need to procure additional equipment or lease additional capacity, but transport costs and peering fees may increase when new facilities for connecting to the Internet need to be obtained. Our security-related costs are primarily related to security system monitoring by a third-party provider.
 
 
Broadband transport services costs. Our cost of revenues associated with delivering broadband traffic consists primarily of fixed transport costs, which are comprised mostly of amounts needed for the operation, monitoring and maintenance of our networks, and also include access and other fees that we pay to other carriers to carry traffic outside of our networks. These costs are mostly fixed in nature. There are some variable costs associated with external maintenance and with private line services, which can have a component that requires us to pay other carriers for a portion of the private line. Broadband transport services costs also include non-recurring costs for construction, installation and configuration services, which can vary significantly depending upon the customer’s needs.
 
 
Network services costs. Our cost of revenues associated with delivering traffic consists primarily of transport costs, mostly amounts needed for the operation, monitoring and maintenance of our networks, and access and other fees that we pay to other carriers to carry traffic outside of our networks. These costs are primarily fixed with respect to the monitoring of the traffic we carry on our networks, although there are variable components associated with external maintenance costs and other items. The access and other carrier fees are variable and usage-based.
 
11

 
Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
Our selling, general and administrative expenses include all of the expenses associated with operating and maintaining our networks that are not cost of revenues. These expenses primarily include employee compensation and departmental costs incurred for network design, monitoring and maintenance. They also include employee compensation and departmental costs incurred for customer disconnection and reconnection and service personnel, customer service representatives and management, and sales and marketing personnel. Other included items are advertising expenses, promotional expenses, corporate and subsidiary management, administrative costs, bad debt expense, professional fees, property taxes, insurance and facilities costs.
 
Depreciation and amortization
 
Depreciation and amortization expenses include depreciation of our broadband networks and equipment and other intangible assets.
 
Operating Data - Bundled Services
 
 
 
 
 
Quarter Ended
 
 
 
September 30,
   
December 31,
   
March 31,
   
June 30,
   
September 30,
 
   
2006
   
2006
   
2007
   
2007
   
2007
 
Operating Data:
 
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
   
 
 
Marketable homes passed
   
335,818
     
337,025
     
338,852
     
340,000
     
339,678
 
Customers
   
138,542
     
137,542
     
139,226
     
139,558
     
144,889
 
Number of connections:
                                       
Cable television
   
93,709
     
93,778
     
95,585
     
96,582
     
98,047
 
Telephone
   
117,071
     
116,229
     
116,679
     
116,204
     
114,670
 
Broadband Internet and other
   
83,229
     
85,117
     
88,526
     
90,731
     
93,353
 
Total connections
   
294,009
     
295,124
     
300,790
     
303,517
     
306,070
 
Average monthly revenue per:
                                       
Customer – bundled services
  $
88.61
    $
89.00
    $
91.07
    $
92.80
    $
91.12
 
Cable television connection
   
52.18
     
52.40
     
54.56
     
55.98
     
54.80
 
Telephone connection
   
40.73
     
40.18
     
40.04
     
40.48
     
40.88
 
Broadband Internet and other connection
   
32.30
     
31.90
     
31.95
     
31.73
     
31.58
 
 
12

 
Results of Operations
 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2006 Compared to Three Months Ended September 30, 2007
 
The following table sets forth financial data as a percentage of operating revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007.
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
 
   
September 30,
 
 
 
2006
   
2007
 
Consolidated Financial Data:
 
 
   
 
 
Operating revenues:
 
 
   
 
 
Cable television
    30 %     32 %
Telephone
   
30
     
29
 
Broadband Internet and other
   
17
     
18
 
Bundled services
    77 %     79 %
Broadband transport services
   
5
     
5
 
Network services
   
18
     
16
 
Total operating revenues
   
100
     
100
 
Operating expenses:
               
Cost of revenues
   
35
     
34
 
Selling, general and administrative
   
53
     
48
 
Depreciation and amortization
   
28
     
30
 
Total operating expenses
   
116
     
112
 
Operating loss
    (16 )     (12 )
Other income (expense):
               
Interest income
   
1
     
1
 
Interest expense, net of capitalized interest
    (13 )     (16 )
Total other income (expense)
    (12 )     (15 )
Loss before income tax expense
    (28 )     (27 )
Income tax expense
   
      (1 )
Net loss
    (28 )%     (28 )%
 
Operating Revenues. Our operating revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007 were $47.5 million and $49.3 million, respectively, an increase of $1.8 million, or 4%. This increase was driven primarily by a $2.3 million and $0.2 million increase in bundled services revenues and broadband transport services revenues, respectively, partially offset by a $0.7 million decrease in revenues from network services.
 
Operating revenues for our bundled services for the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007 were $36.6 million and $38.9 million, respectively, an increase of $2.3 million, or 6%. Bundled services revenues increased due to growth in the number of connections, from 294,009 as of September 30, 2006 to 306,070 as of September 30, 2007, and, to a lesser extent, from the cable rate increases described below.  The additional connections and revenues resulted primarily from the continued increase in penetration of existing marketable homes and to a lesser extent, sales to new marketable homes built during the period from October 1, 2006 through September 30, 2007.
 
Operating revenues for our cable television services for the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007 were $14.5 million and $16.0 million, respectively, an increase of $1.5 million, or 10%. Approximately 68% of the $1.5 million increase in cable television services was due to our annual rate increase, which occurred during January 2007, as well as increases related to an increase in connections and an increased number of customers adding premium services and advanced services, such as HD and DVR.
 
Operating revenues for our telephone services for the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007 were $14.3 million and $14.2 million, respectively, a decrease of $0.1 million, or 1%.  Telephone connections decreased due to competitive pressures and changing consumer preferences, as more customers choose to adopt VoIP products or use their wireless phones as their primary phone line.
 
13

 
Operating revenues for our broadband Internet and other services for the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007 were $7.9 million and $8.7 million, respectively, an increase of $0.8 million, or 10%, primarily due to a 13% increase in average connections related to residential high speed Internet service and business Ethernet service partially offset by a 2% decrease in average monthly revenue per connection.
 
Operating revenues for our broadband transport services for the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007 were $2.2 million and $2.4 million, respectively, an increase of $0.2 million, or 9%, as a result of an increase in construction and dark fiber sales as well as moderate customer growth.
 
Operating revenues for our network services for the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007 were $8.7 million and $8.0 million, respectively, a decrease of $0.7 million, or 8%.  This decrease consisted of a $0.2 million decrease in revenues from data services as the result of a decrease in reciprocal compensation revenue due to a regulatory mandated reduction in such compensation as well as a decrease in volume from customers.  In addition, there was a $0.3 million and $0.2 million decrease in revenues from carrier switched services and national directory assistance service, respectively, due to decreases in customer volume.
 
Cost of Revenues. Our cost of revenues for the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007 were $16.7 million and $16.9 million, respectively, an increase of $0.2 million, or 1%; although cost of revenues decreased slightly as a percentage of revenues to 34% for the three months ended September 30, 2007 from 35% for the three months ended September 30, 2006.  The increase in our cost of revenues was primarily due to an increase in cable television services costs of approximately $0.9 million partially offset by a $0.7 million decrease in network services and broadband transport services costs.
 
Selling, General and Administrative Expense. Our selling, general and administrative expense for the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007 was $24.9 million and $23.8 million, respectively, a decrease of $1.1 million, or 4%. Selling, general and administrative expense decreased as a percentage of revenues from 53% to 48%.  Decreases in legal fees, reductions in contract labor charges as sales and customer service positions were brought in-house, as well as decreases in sales and marketing expenses, employee relocation, general liability insurance, utilities and other administrative expenses totaled approximately $2.3 million, but such decreases were partially offset by increases related to compensation primarily related to the new sales and customer service positions described above, network repairs and maintenance, provision for doubtful accounts, and other miscellaneous expenses that totaled approximately $1.2 million.  We expect our selling, general and administrative expense to continue to decrease during the fourth quarter of 2007 compared to the fourth quarter of 2006 as we stabilize the management team, focus on cost reductions and gain efficiencies.
 
Depreciation and Amortization Expense. Our depreciation and amortization expense for the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007 was $13.4 million and $14.9 million, respectively, a increase of $1.5 million, or 11%. During the three months ended September 30, 2006, we received a sales tax refund as a result of a review of vendor invoices in the years 2004 and 2005.  Because a portion of the sales tax associated with those invoices were capitalized as property and equipment and were partially depreciated, $0.9 million of the refund was applied as a reduction of depreciation expense during the three months ended September 30, 2006. The increase in depreciation expense was also related to property, plant and equipment additions during the period of October 2006 through September 2007, primarily for customer premise equipment, network construction and capitalized labor.  These increases were partially offset by reductions in depreciation expense related to sales and dispositions as well as certain assets that became fully depreciated during the same period.
 
Interest Expense. For the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007, our interest expense, which includes interest incurred net of capitalized interest, was $6.3 million and $7.8 million, respectively, an increase of $1.5 million, or 24%. Interest expense increased primarily as a result of the private placement of an additional $25.0 million of senior notes in July 2007 as well as a decrease in capitalized interest (and a corresponding increase in interest expense).  For the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007, we had capitalized interest of $0.5 million and $0.1 million, respectively, a decrease of $0.4 million or 80%.
 
Income Tax Expense. For the three months ended September 30, 2007, our income tax expense was $0.3 million. Effective January 1, 2007, the state of Texas changed its Texas franchise tax, which was based on taxable capital, to a gross margin tax resulting in income tax expense for the Company during the three months ended September 30, 2007.  The 2006 Texas franchise tax expense is included as a component of selling, general and administrative expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended September 30, 2006.
 
14

 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2006 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2007
 
The following table sets forth financial data as a percentage of operating revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007.
 
 
 
Nine Months Ended
 
   
September 30,
 
 
 
2006
   
2007
 
Consolidated Financial Data:
 
 
   
 
 
Operating revenues:
 
 
   
 
 
Cable television
    30 %     32 %
Telephone
   
31
     
29
 
Broadband Internet
   
16
     
17
 
Bundled services
    77 %     78 %
Broadband transport services
   
4
     
5
 
Network services
   
19
     
17
 
Total operating revenues
   
100
     
100
 
Operating expenses:
               
Cost of revenues
   
35
     
35
 
Selling, general and administrative
   
52
     
47
 
Depreciation and amortization
   
29
     
28
 
Total operating expenses
   
116
     
110
 
Operating loss
    (16 )     (10 )
Other income (expense):
               
Interest income
   
1
     
1
 
Interest expense, net of capitalized interest
    (12 )     (14 )
Other income
   
     
 
Net gain on sale of assets
   
2
     
 
Total other income (expense)
    (9 )     (13 )
Loss before income tax expense
    (25 )     (23 )
Income tax expense
   
      (1 )
Net loss
    (25 )%     (24 )%
 
 Operating Revenues. Our operating revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007 were $142.7 million and $147.6 million, respectively, an increase of $4.9 million, or 3%. This increase was driven primarily by a $6.3 million and $0.8 million increase in bundled services revenues and broadband transport services revenues, respectively, partially offset by a $2.2 million decrease in revenues from network services.
 
Operating revenues for our bundled services for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007 were $109.2 million and $115.5 million, respectively, an increase of $6.3 million, or 6%. Bundled services revenues increased due to growth in the number of connections, from 294,009 as of September 30, 2006 to 306,070 as of September 30, 2007, and, to a lesser extent, from the cable rate increases described below.  The additional connections and revenues resulted primarily from the continued increase in penetration of existing marketable homes and to a lesser extent, sales to new marketable homes built during the period from October 1, 2006 through September 30, 2007.
 
Operating revenues for our cable television services for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007 were $42.6 million and $47.6 million, respectively, an increase of $5.0 million, or 12%. Approximately 58% of the $5.0 million increase in cable television services was due to our annual rate increase, which occurred during January 2007, as well as increases related to an increase in connections and an increased number of customers adding premium services and advanced services, such as HD and DVR.
 
Operating revenues for our telephone services for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007 were $43.5 million and $42.3 million, respectively, a decrease of $1.2 million, or 3%.  Telephone connections decreased due to competitive pressures and changing consumer preferences, as more customers choose to adopt VoIP products or use their wireless phones as their primary phone line.
 
15

 
Operating revenues for our broadband Internet and other services for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007 were $23.1 million and $25.6 million, respectively, an increase of $2.5 million, or 11%, primarily due to a 14% increase in connections related to residential high speed service and business Ethernet service partially offset by a 3% decrease in average monthly revenue per connection.
 
Operating revenues for our broadband transport services for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007 were $6.4 million and $7.2, respectively, an increase of $0.8 million, or 13%, as a result of an increase in construction and dark fiber sales as well as moderate customer growth. 
 
Operating revenues for our network services for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007 were $27.1 million and $24.9 million, respectively, a decrease of $2.2 million, or 8%.  This decrease consisted of a $1.1 million decrease in revenues from data services as the result of a $0.7 million decrease in reciprocal compensation revenue partially due to a regulatory mandated reduction in such compensation as well as a decrease in volume from customers.  In addition, there was a $0.5 million and $0.6 million decrease in revenues from carrier switched services and national directory assistance service, respectively, due to decreases in customer volume. 
 
Cost of Revenues. Our cost of revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007 were $49.7 million and $51.0 million, respectively, an increase of $1.3 million, or 3%; although cost of revenues remained consistent as a percentage of revenues at 35% for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007.  The increase in our cost of revenues was primarily due to an increase in cable television services costs of approximately $3.2 million that was partially offset by a $1.8 million decrease in network services and broadband transport services costs.
 
Selling, General and Administrative Expense. Our selling, general and administrative expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007 was $73.5 million and $69.8 million, respectively, a decrease of $3.7 million, or 5%. Selling, general and administrative expense decreased as a percentage of revenues from 52% to 47%. Decreases in property tax, a 2006 nonrecurring early termination expense related to a property lease, reductions in contract labor charges as sales and customer service positions were brought in-house, as well as decreases in legal fees, provision for doubtful accounts, employee relocation, utilities and other administrative expenses totaled approximately $5.6 million, but such decreases were partially offset by increases related to sales and marketing expense as we continued to grow the bundled service business, compensation primarily related to the new sales and customer service positions described above, stock based compensation, and other miscellaneous expenses that totaled approximately $1.9 million. We expect our selling, general and administrative expense to continue to decrease during the fourth quarter of 2007 compared to the fourth quarter of 2006 as we stabilize the management team, focus on cost reductions and gain efficiencies.
 
Depreciation and Amortization Expense. Our depreciation and amortization expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007 was $41.4 million and $41.8 million, respectively, an increase of $0.4 million, or 1%. The increase in depreciation expense primarily related to property, plant and equipment additions during the period of October 2006 through September 2007, primarily for customer premise equipment, network construction and capitalized labor. During both 2006 and 2007, we received sales tax refunds as a result of a review of vendor invoices in the years 2004 and 2005.  Because a portion of the sales taxes associated with those invoices were capitalized as property and equipment and were partially depreciated, $0.9 million and $0.7 million of the refund was applied as a reduction of depreciation expense during 2006 and 2007, respectively. The increases in depreciation expense were partially offset by a decrease in depreciation expense related to sales and dispositions as well as certain assets that became fully depreciated during the period from October 2006 through September 2007.
 
Interest Expense. For the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007, our interest expense, which includes interest incurred net of capitalized interest, was $17.7 million and $21.2 million, respectively, an increase of $3.5 million, or 20%. Interest expense increased primarily due to the private placement of an additional $32.0 million of senior notes in March 2006 and $25.0 million in July 2007 as well as a decrease in capitalized interest (and a corresponding increase in interest expense). For the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007, we had capitalized interest of $1.6 million and $0.5 million, respectively, a decrease of $1.1 million, or 69%.
 
Net Gain on Sale of Assets. For the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007, our net gain on sale of assets was $2.5 million and $0.4 million, respectively, a decrease of $2.1 million. The 2006 net gain was primarily due to the sale of off-net MDU assets in Dallas.  Net proceeds from the first closing, which occurred on March 31, 2006, were $1.9 million, and net proceeds from the second closing, which occurred on June 19, 2006, were $0.6 million.  These assets were non-strategic in nature and were originally acquired in our October 2003 acquisition of Advantex. The net gain recognized during 2007 related primarily to (i) amortization of deferred gains related to the sale and leaseback of Company land and buildings and customer premise equipment of approximately $0.3 million and (ii) the sale or disposal of certain communications plant, vehicles, network and other equipment.
 
16

 
Income Tax Expense. For the nine months ended September 30, 2007, our income tax expense was $0.8 million. Effective January 1, 2007, the state of Texas changed its Texas franchise tax, which was based on taxable capital, to a gross margin tax resulting in income tax expense for the Company during the nine months ended September 30, 2007.  The 2006 Texas franchise tax expense is included as a component of selling, general and administrative expense in the accompanying condensed consolidated statements of operations for the nine months ended September 30, 2006.
 
EBITDA/Adjusted EBITDA
 
 We measure our operating performance on earnings before interest income, interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization, referred to as “EBITDA.” EBITDA is not a measure of financial performance under GAAP. We believe EBITDA is often a useful measure of a company’s operating performance and is a significant basis used by our management to measure the operating performance of our business.
 
Because we have funded the build-out of our networks by raising and expending large amounts of capital, our results of operations reflect significant charges for depreciation, amortization, and interest expense. EBITDA, which excludes this information, provides helpful information about the operating performance of our business, apart from the expenses associated with our physical plant or capital structure. We manage all areas of our business to generate positive EBITDA, and when we have choices about the market or area in which to best deploy our resources we generally direct our resources towards the network construction that is expected to generate the most EBITDA. EBITDA is frequently used as a basis for comparing businesses in our industry, although our measure of EBITDA may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. EBITDA does not purport to represent operating loss or cash flow from operating activities, as those terms are defined under GAAP, and should not be considered as an alternative to those measurements as an indicator of our performance.
 
The Company believes non-cash stock-based compensation is similar to amortization expense, in that it is more useful to report EBITDA net of these amounts to better measure operating performance in comparison to prior periods. However, because of the nature of these charges, the Company is referring to EBITDA, net of non-cash stock-based compensation charges, as “Adjusted EBITDA.”
 
Because a significant portion of our cost of revenues and overhead expenses are generally fixed in nature, increasing revenues should result in further increases in EBITDA/Adjusted EBITDA and in EBITDA/Adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenues. To the extent the increased revenues are the result of adding residential and business customers for our bundled services, which have higher gross margins than network services, EBITDA/Adjusted EBITDA should increase more quickly on a percentage basis.
 
The reconciliation of EBITDA/Adjusted EBITDA to net loss is as follows:
 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended
   
Nine Months Ended
 
   
September 30,
   
September 30,
 
 
 
2006
   
2007
   
2006
   
2007
 
 
 
(in thousands)
   
(in thousands)
 
Net loss as reported
  $ (13,199 )   $ (13,637 )   $ (36,028 )   $ (35,431 )
Add back non-EBITDA/Adjusted EBITDA items included in net loss:
                               
Interest income
    (532 )     (539 )     (1,089 )     (1,244 )
Interest expense, net of capitalized interest
   
6,254
     
7,795
     
17,655
     
21,229
 
Income tax expense
   
     
281
     
     
841
 
Franchise tax expense
   
75
     
     
225
     
 
Depreciation and amortization
   
13,365
     
14,946
     
41,439
     
41,843
 
EBITDA
   
5,963
     
8,846
     
22,202
     
27,238
 
Stock-based compensation expense
   
143
     
129
     
231
     
499
 
Adjusted EBITDA (1)
  $
6,106
    $
8,975
    $
22,433
    $
27,737
 
 
(1) Adjusted EBITDA includes a net gain on sale of assets of $0.1 million and $0.2 million during the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007, respectively and $2.5 million and $0.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007, respectively.
 
17

 
Adjusted EBITDA was $6.1 million and $9.0 million during the three months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007, respectively, an increase of $2.9 million, or 48%. The increase was primarily due to a $1.8 million increase in revenues as well as a $1.1 million decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses, excluding stock-based compensation and franchise tax expense, partially offset by a $0.2 million increase in costs of revenues.
 
Adjusted EBITDA was $22.4 million and $27.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007, respectively, an increase of $5.3 million, or 24%. The increase was primarily due to a $4.9 million increase in revenues as well as a $3.8 million decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses, excluding stock-based compensation and franchise tax expense, partially offset by a $1.3 million increase in costs of revenues and a $2.1 million decrease in net gain on sale of assets.
 
 Liquidity and Capital Resources
 
Sources and Uses of Funds
 
Since inception, we have been funded primarily with private equity investments and issuance of debt securities. Between February 2000 and October 2003, we completed a series of private placements of our preferred stock, raising aggregate gross proceeds of $338.2 million from the sale of our capital stock. The net proceeds from these private placements were used to fund our network build-out, operations, and our acquisitions. As a result of equity investments and our stock-for-stock merger with ClearSource in 2002, where stock was used as consideration, we now have over $509 million of total invested equity capital and a base of over 20 institutional private equity investors.
 
We have also raised approximately $180.1 million from the sale of our senior notes including premiums and net of discounts and financing costs. In March 2004, we issued $136.0 million principal amount at maturity of senior notes with net proceeds of approximately $123.8 million and in March 2006, we raised net proceeds of approximately $30.5 million in a private placement of an additional $32 million in aggregate principal amount of senior notes. Interest on the senior notes is payable semi-annually each April 1 and October 1. We used a portion of the net proceeds from the issuance of the senior notes in 2004 to repay all amounts outstanding under our then-existing senior credit facility. We used the net proceeds from the sale of the additional senior notes in March 2006 for capital expenditures and working capital purposes.
 
On July 18, 2007, we completed a private placement offering of an additional $25 million in aggregate principal amount of senior notes for gross proceeds of approximately $26.0 million including a premium on issuance of $1.0 million.  Debt issuance costs were approximately $0.2 million.  We plan to use the net proceeds for capital expenditures and working capital purposes. These additional senior notes were issued under the Indenture and are part of the same series of senior notes as those issued in March 2004 and March 2006.  The holders of a majority of the outstanding principal balance of the senior notes consented to the amendment of the Indenture to allow the Company to complete this issuance and we entered into a Supplemental Indenture to reflect this amendment on July 18, 2007.
 
During 2007, we completed new equipment financing of $4.1 million with a term of 24 months, which was utilized for the purchase of network equipment.  The financing is secured by the network equipment purchased with the proceeds of the borrowing and bears interest at an effective annual rate of approximately 15.3% with monthly payments equal to 4.2% multiplied by the total amount borrowed.  This financing is permitted under the Indenture governing the senior notes.
 
At September 30, 2007, we had total cash and cash equivalents of $58.8 million and $189.1 million of long-term debt outstanding, net of current portion, and net of discounts and premiums of $5.3 million. In October 2007, we paid $12.5 million of interest due on our senior notes.
 
As of September 30, 2007, we had net working capital of $26.9 million, compared to net working capital of $20.2 million as of December 31, 2006.  The $6.7 million increase in working capital resulted primarily from a $17.0 million increase in current assets primarily related to $26 million cash received on the July 2007 issuance of senior notes partially offset by the April 2007 $11.9 million semi-annual payment of interest on the senior notes.  The $17.0 million increase in current assets was partially offset by a $10.3 million increase in current liabilities resulting primarily from a $6.6 million increase in accrued interest on the senior notes as well as a $2.6 million increase in the current portion of long-term debt related to the network equipment purchases financed during 2007.
 
Our primary sources of liquidity are cash on hand and cash flows from operating activities. Provided that we meet our cash flow projections in our current business plan, we expect that we will not require additional financing and that we will manage our cash position above $20 million in accordance with the covenant set forth in the Indenture over the next twelve months. This covenant prohibits our making capital expenditures relating to the build-out of new or additional parts of our network if such expenditures would result in us having less than $20 million in cash and cash equivalents. Our business plan is based on estimates regarding expected future costs and expected revenues. Our costs may exceed or our revenues may fall short of our estimates, our estimates may change, and future developments may affect our estimates. Any of these factors may increase our need for funds to complete construction in our markets, which would require us to seek additional financing.
 
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We may need additional financing to fund our operations or to undertake initiatives not contemplated by our business plan or to obtain additional cushion against possible shortfalls. We also may pursue additional financing as opportunities arise. Future financings may include a range of different sizes or types of financing, including the sale of additional debt or equity securities. However, we may not be able to raise additional funds on favorable terms or at all. Our ability to obtain additional financing depends on several factors, including: future market conditions; our success or lack of success in penetrating our markets and growing our overall income; our future creditworthiness; and restrictions contained in agreements with our investors or lenders, including the restrictions contained in the Indenture. These financings could increase our level of indebtedness or result in dilution to our equity holders. Additionally, we currently cannot call our existing senior notes until April 2008, which limits our near term ability to refinance our senior notes in the event better pricing and terms are available to us in the market.
 
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
 
Net cash provided by operations totaled $15.1 million and $14.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007, respectively. The net cash flow activity related to operations consists primarily of changes in operating assets and liabilities and adjustments to net loss for non-cash transactions including:
 
 
depreciation and amortization expense;
 
 
amortization of deferred financing costs;
 
 
provision for bad debt;
 
 
net gain on sale of assets; and
 
 
non-cash compensation expense.
 
Depreciation and amortization for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007 was $41.4 million and $41.8 million, respectively. Net gains on the sale of assets for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007 were $2.5 million and $0.4 million, respectively.  Other non-cash charges for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007 were $4.3 million and $4.4 million, respectively.
 
As of September 30, 2007, accrued liabilities included $12.5 million related to the interest due on our senior notes, which was subsequently paid on October 1, 2007.
 
 Cash Flows from Investing Activities
 
Our net cash used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007 was $12.9 million and $25.5 million, respectively. These net cash outflows are primarily due to the purchase of customer premise equipment, installation costs and other capital assets in both 2006 and 2007. Cash flows used in investing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007 consisted primarily of $23.6 million and $27.2 million in property, plant and equipment purchases, respectively, partially offset by $10.4 million and $1.7 million in proceeds, primarily related to the 2006 sales of off-net MDU assets in Dallas, the sales tax refunds received in both 2006 and 2007, and other sales of certain property, plant and equipment, respectively.
 
Cash Flows from Financing Activities
 
Our net cash provided by financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007 was $28.6 million and $26.1 million, respectively. Cash flows from financing activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2006 consisted primarily of the net proceeds from the private placement of an additional $32 million in aggregate principal amount of senior notes.  Cash flows from financing activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2007 consisted primarily of $26.0 million received on issuance of senior notes and $4.1 million received in equipment financing partially offset by $3.1 million in payments on capital leases.
 
Capital Expenditures
 
We had capital expenditures of approximately $23.6 million and $27.2 million, including capitalized interest, during the nine months ended September 30, 2006 and 2007, respectively. These capital expenditures relate to: network construction; initial installation costs; the purchase of customer premise equipment, such as cable set-top boxes and cable modems; corporate and network equipment, such as switching and transport equipment; and billing and information systems. The increase of $3.6 million is primarily due to capital equipment purchases related to our long haul fiber optic network upgrade. The Indenture prohibits us from making capital expenditures when the aggregate amount of cash and cash equivalents held by us (after giving effect to such planned capital expenditure) would be less than $20 million.
 
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We anticipate spending approximately $36 million, excluding capitalized interest, in capital expenditures during the year ended December 31, 2007. The Company intends to manage its capital expenditures in accordance with the covenant set forth in the Indenture to ensure that cash is not less than $20 million.
 
Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments
 
The following table represents contractual obligations at September 30, 2007:
 
 
 
Payments Due by Period
       
 
 
2007
   
2008
   
2009
   
2010
   
2011
   
2012 &
Beyond
   
Total
 
 
 
(In thousands)
 
Long-term debt and related interest obligations
  $
14,024
    $
29,075
    $
29,152
    $
27,024
    $
206,510
    $
    $
305,785
 
Capital lease obligations
   
1,285
     
5,052
     
2,542
     
1,795
     
1,697
     
19,801
     
32,172
 
Operating lease obligations
   
1,003
     
3,926
     
3,390
     
2,350
     
2,006
     
10,582
     
23,257
 
Maintenance obligations
   
324
     
1,053
     
1,053
     
1,035
     
1,035
     
9,232
     
13,732
 
Purchase obligations
   
     
2,703
     
     
     
     
     
2,703
 
Total
  $
16,636
    $
41,809
    $
36,137
    $
32,204
    $
211,248
    $
39,615
    $
377,649
 
 
During the nine months ended September 30, 2007, our aggregate contractual obligations increased approximately $23 million compared to those previously described in Part II, Item 7 included in Grande’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006.  The increase is primarily related to the $25 million senior notes issued in July 2007 and $14 million of related interest payments, new network equipment financing, office space and vehicle operating leases.  These increases in our aggregate contractual obligations were partially offset by decreases primarily related to payments on capital and operating leases and maintenance and purchase obligations as well as the semi-annual $11.8 million interest payment on the senior notes.
 
Long-term Debt. In March 2004, we completed a private placement offering for 136,000 units, with each unit consisting of (1) $1,000 of senior notes and (2) a warrant to purchase 100.336 shares of common stock. The senior notes accrue interest at the rate of 14% per annum with the interest payable semi-annually in cash in arrears on April 1 and October 1. In March 2006, we raised net proceeds of approximately $30.5 million in a private placement of an additional $32.0 million in aggregate principal amount of 14% senior secured note due 2011. These additional notes were issued under the Indenture and are part of the same series of senior notes as those issued in March 2004.
 
On July 18, 2007, we completed a private placement offering of an additional $25 million in aggregate principal amount of senior notes for gross proceeds of approximately $26.0 million including a premium on issuance of $1.0 million.  Debt issuance costs were approximately $0.2 million.  We plan to use the net proceeds for capital expenditures and working capital purposes. These additional senior notes were issued under the Indenture and are part of the same series of senior notes as those issued in March 2004 and March 2006.  The holders of a majority of the outstanding principal balance of the senior notes consented to the amendment of the Indenture to allow the Company to complete this issuance and we entered into a Supplemental Indenture to reflect this amendment on July 18, 2007.
 
The Indenture contains covenants that, among other things, limit our ability to:
 
 
incur additional indebtedness, issue disqualified capital stock (as defined in the Indenture) and, in the case of our restricted subsidiary, issue preferred stock;
 
 
create liens on our assets;
 
 
pay dividends on, redeem or repurchase our capital stock or make other restricted payments;
 
 
make investments in other companies;
 
 
enter into transactions with affiliates;
 
 
enter into sale and leaseback transactions;
 
 
sell or make dispositions of assets;
 
 
place restrictions on the ability of our subsidiary to pay dividends or make other payments to us; and
 
 
engage in certain business activities.
 
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In addition, the Indenture contains a covenant restricting our capital expenditures relating to the build-out of new or additional parts of our network if such expenditures would result in us having less than $20 million in cash and cash equivalents.
 
The Indenture also contains customary events of default, including nonpayment of principal or interest, violations of covenants, cross default and cross acceleration to certain other indebtedness and material judgments and liabilities.
 
During 2007, we completed new equipment financing of $4.1 million with a term of 24 months, which was utilized for the purchase of network equipment.  The financing is secured by the network equipment purchased with the proceeds of the borrowing and bears interest at an effective annual rate of approximately 15.3% with monthly payments equal to 4.2% multiplied by the total amount borrowed.  This financing is permitted under the Indenture governing the senior notes.
 
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
 
Our consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP. To prepare these financial statements, we must make estimates, judgments and assumptions that we believe are reasonable based upon the information available. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses as well as the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We periodically evaluate our estimates and assumptions and base our estimates and assumptions on our best knowledge of current events and actions we may undertake in the future. Actual results may ultimately differ from these estimates.
 
There have been no material changes to the critical accounting policies and estimates previously described in Part II, Item 7 included in Grande’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006.
 
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
 
Our exposure to market risk relates primarily to changes in interest rates on our investment portfolio. Our marketable investments consist primarily of short-term fixed income securities. We invest only with high credit quality issuers and we do not use derivative financial instruments in our investment portfolio. We do not believe that a significant increase or decrease in interest rates would have a material impact on the fair value of our investment portfolio.
 
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer, who is our principal executive officer, and our Chief Financial Officer, who is our principal financial officer, have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) or Rule 15d-15(e), as applicable, under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of September 30, 2007. Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective and designed to ensure that material information relating to Grande, including its consolidated subsidiary, required to be included in this report and the other reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 would be made known to them by others within those entities.
 
During the three months ended September 30, 2007, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, our financial reporting.
 
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PART II
 
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
 
We are subject to litigation in the normal course of our business. However, there are no pending proceedings, which are currently anticipated to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
 
RISK FACTORS
 
There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously described in Part I, Item 1A included in Grande’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006.
 
UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
 
None.
 
DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
 
None.
 
SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
 
In July of 2007, we submitted a consent solicitation statement to the holders of the Company’s senior notes.  The consent solicitation requested consent to amend the Indenture to permit the issuance of $25,000,000 of additional senior notes.  The holders of $86,000,000 in aggregate principal amount of the senior notes, which constituted a majority of the outstanding principal balance of the senior notes as of the record date, consented to amend the Indenture to allow the Company to complete the issuance.  The holders of $84,000,000 in aggregate principal amount did not respond to the consent solicitation before it terminated.  The Company entered into a Supplemental Indenture to reflect this amendment on July 18, 2007.
 
OTHER INFORMATION
 
None.
 
EXHIBITS
 
Unless designated by an asterisk indicating that such document has been filed herewith, the Exhibits listed below have been heretofore filed by the Company pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act and are hereby incorporated herein by reference to the pertinent prior filing.  
 
Exhibit
No.
 
Description
3.1
 
Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Grande Communications Holdings, Inc. (previously filed as exhibit 3.1 to Form 10-K dated March 31, 2006).
     
3.2
 
Bylaws of Grande Communications Holdings, Inc. (previously filed as exhibit 3.2 to Form S-1 dated May 18, 2004).
     
3.3
 
Amendment No. 1 to Bylaws of Grande Communications Holdings, Inc. (previously filed as exhibit 3.3 to Form 10-Q dated November 5, 2004).
     
3.4
 
Amendment No. 2 to Bylaws of Grande Communications Holdings, Inc. (previously filed as exhibit 3.4 to Form 10-K dated March 30, 2007).
     
4.1
 
Indenture, dated as of March 23, 2004, by and among Grande Communications Holdings, Inc., the Guarantors named therein and U.S. Bank National Association (previously filed as exhibit 4.1 to Form S-1 dated May 18, 2004).
     
4.2
 
Supplemental Indenture No. 1, dated as of July 18, 2007, by and among Grande Communications Holdings, Inc., the Guarantors named therein and U.S. Bank National Association (previously filed as exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K dated July 23, 2007).
 
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 Exhibit
No.
 
 Description
10.1
 
Purchase Agreement dated July 6, 2007 by and among Grande Communications Holdings, Inc., Grande Communications Networks, Inc., Goldman Sachs & Co., Highland Crusader Offshore Partners, L.P. Communications Media Advisors, LLC and Highland Capital Management, L.P. (previously filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Form 8-K dated July 11, 2007).
     
 
Certification of the President and Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. Section 1350).
     
 
Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. Section 1350).
     
 
Certification of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. Section 1350).


*    Filed herewith.
 
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Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
 
 
Grande Communications Holdings, Inc. 
 
 
(Registrant) 
     
Date: November 14, 2007
By:
/s/    Michael L. Wilfley        
 
 
Michael L. Wilfley
 
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
 
(Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer)
 
 
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