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Recent and Pending Accounting Standards
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
RECENT AND PENDING ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
RECENT AND PENDING ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
Recently Adopted
Revenue - In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Since this ASU was issued, the FASB has issued several updates including ASU No. 2015-14 in July 2015 which delayed the effective date, ASU No. 2016-08 in March 2016 which updated guidance related to principal versus agent considerations, ASU No. 2016-10 in April 2016 which updated guidance related to the identification of performance obligations, ASU No. 2016-12 in May 2016 which updated guidance related to scope improvements and practical expedients and ASU No. 2016-20 which provided technical corrections and improvements but did not update guidance issued in prior updates. The effective date is January 1, 2018, and while early adoption to the original effective date of January 1, 2017 is permitted, we have elected not to early adopt.
ASU No. 2014-09 creates a five-step model that requires companies to exercise judgment when considering all relevant facts and circumstances in the determination of when and how revenue is recognized. The two permitted transition methods under the new standard are the full retrospective method, in which case the standard would be applied to each prior reporting period presented, or the modified retrospective method, in which case the cumulative effect of applying the standard would be recognized at the date of initial application. We have completed our review of the acceptable transition methods and have selected the modified retrospective approach. We currently believe the modified retrospective approach will have a material impact on both deferred revenue and retained earnings in our 2018 consolidated financial statements. While we continue to finalize our adjustment to beginning balances as of January 1, 2018, we currently estimate that the impact to retained earnings will be an increase between $4.0 and $7.0 million with an offsetting decrease to deferred revenue of approximately $4.0 to $6.0 million and an increase in pre-paid commission expense for the remaining balance. This adjustment is primarily a result of the acceleration of license revenue for which we previously recognized over the combined services period as well as certain contract costs (primarily commission expenses) which are expected to be recognized over a longer amortization period than before. This estimate is subject to change given the ongoing review of contracts outstanding at December 31, 2017 and the highly complex nature of ASC 606.
We currently believe the standard will materially impact our revenue recognition on a going-forward basis once adopted. While we continue to assess and finalize the impacts of this standard, which we anticipate disclosing beginning with our 2018 filings, we currently believe that the most significant impacts relate to our accounting for software license revenue and certain contract costs. We expect software license revenue to be recognized when it is made available to the customer rather than over a combined service or subscription period. Additionally, certain contract costs (primarily commissions expense), are expected to be amortized over a longer period of time as those costs are related to the future renewal of maintenance. We anticipate that contract costs attributable to maintenance will be amortized over a period between 36 and 60 months as compared to recognition over the implementation period as done today. Amortization of commissions expense related to other revenues (e.g. software license, equipment, services revenues etc.) are not expected to materially change. Due to the nuances of certain contracts the actual revenue recognition treatment required under the standard will be dependent on contract-specific terms and may vary in some instances from recognition at the time of shipment.
Goodwill - In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles - Goodwill and Other: Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. The new standard simplifies how an entity tests for goodwill by eliminating Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measured a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit's goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. By eliminating Step 2 an entity must now record an impairment to goodwill based on an analysis of the fair value of a reporting unit as compared to its carrying amount. An impairment charge is recognized for the amount that the carrying value exceeds the reporting unit's fair value.
ASU No. 2017-04 will be effective beginning on January 1, 2020, including interim periods within that fiscal year, and early adoption as of January 1, 2017 is permitted. All changes are to be accounted for on a prospective basis upon adoption. We do not anticipate a material impact on our consolidated financial statements from the adoption of ASU No. 2017-04. We have chosen to early adopt ASU No. 2017-04 to be effective as of January 1, 2017.
Pending Adoption
Leases - In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases. The new standard establishes a right of use (“ROU”) model that requires a lessee to record a ROU asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases with terms longer than twelve months. Leases will be classified as either financing or operating with the classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the operating statement.
ASU No. 2016-02 will be effective beginning on January 1, 2019, including interim periods within that fiscal year, and early adoption is permitted at any time. A modified retrospective transition approach is required for capital and operating leases existing at, or entered into after, the beginning of the earliest comparative period presented in the financial statements, with certain practical expedients available. While we are still evaluating the impact of the potential new standard on our consolidated financial statements, we expect that upon adoption we will recognize ROU assets and lease liabilities and that the amounts could be material.