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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2014
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes — We file a consolidated U.S. Federal income tax return and income tax returns in state, local and foreign jurisdictions (Canada and Australia) as required.
At September 30, 2014, we had total deferred income tax assets of $140.3 million and a valuation allowance of $119.3 million resulting in an estimated recoverable amount of deferred income tax assets of $21.0 million. This reflected a change from the December 31, 2013 balance of deferred income tax assets of $148.2 million and a valuation allowance of $119.3 million resulting in an estimated recoverable amount of $28.9 million. The change reflects the expected usage of the deferred income tax assets based on estimated 2014 taxable income.
We consider both positive and negative evidence when evaluating the recoverability of our deferred income tax assets. The assessment is required to determine whether based on all available evidence, it is more likely than not (i.e., greater than a 50% probability) whether all or some portion of the deferred income tax assets will be realized in the future. During the fourth quarter of each year, we prepare a multi-year forecast of taxable income for our operations. The forecasts of taxable income are not sufficient to result in the full realization of our deferred income tax assets due to the continuing decline in our revenue and taxable income as customers switch to other communication solutions and delay purchasing and implementation decisions.
The anticipated effective income tax rate is expected to continue to differ from the Federal statutory rate of 35% primarily due to the effect of state income taxes, the effect of changes to the deferred income tax asset valuation allowance, permanent differences between book and taxable income and certain discrete items.
As of September 30, 2014, we had approximately $345.7 million of Federal net operating losses (“NOLs”) available to offset future taxable income. Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code limited NOLs, as of January 1, 2014, to a total of $50.4 million which may be used at a rate of $6.1 million per year, and is included in the total Federal NOLs.