The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The Company consolidates investments where it has a controlling financial interest. The general condition for a controlling financial interest is ownership of a majority of the voting interest and, therefore, as a general rule, ownership, directly or indirectly, of over 50% of the outstanding voting shares is a condition for consolidation. In addition, if the Company demonstrates that it has the ability to direct policies and management, this may be also an indication for consolidation. For investments in variable interest entities, the Company consolidates when it is determined to be the primary beneficiary of the variable interest entity. The Company is the primary beneficiary in the solar facilities at MIC Hawaii segment and consolidated these projects accordingly.

Investment in unconsolidated business of $9 million and $8 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, represent primarily a 20% ownership interest in a joint venture acquired in conjunction with the IMTT acquisition in July 2014. This investment is accounted for at cost on the consolidated balance sheet. Dividend income from this investment is recorded in Other (Expense) Income, net, on the consolidated statements of operations.

The preparation of the consolidated financial statements, which are in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), requires the Company to make estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. The Company evaluates these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis and the estimates are based on experience, current and expected future conditions, third-party evaluations and various other assumptions that the Company believes are reasonable under the circumstances. Significant items subject to such estimates and assumptions include the carrying amount of property, equipment, land and leasehold improvements, intangibles and goodwill; assets and obligations related to employee benefits; and valuation of derivative instruments. The results of these estimates form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities as well as identifying and assessing the accounting treatment with respect to commitments and contingencies. Actual results may differ from the estimates and assumptions used in the financial statements and related notes.

Acquisitions of businesses that the Company controls are accounted for under the purchase method of accounting. The amounts assigned to the identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with acquisitions are based on estimated fair values as of the date of the acquisition, with the remainder, if any, recorded as goodwill. The fair values are determined by the Company’s management, taking into consideration information supplied by the management of acquired entities and other relevant information. Such information includes valuations supplied by independent appraisal experts for significant business combinations. The valuations are generally based upon future cash flow projections for the acquired assets, discounted to a present value. The determination of fair value requires significant judgment both by management and outside experts engaged to assist in this process.

The Company considers all highly liquid investments, including commercial paper issued by counterparties with Standard & Poor's rating of A1+ or higher, with maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash and cash equivalents. At December 31, 2019, the Company had $40 million of commercial paper issued by counterparties with a Standard & Poor's rating of A1+. The Company did not have any commercial paper at December 31, 2018.

Restricted cash consists primarily of deposits held by banks to secure certain letters of credit supporting the purchase of equipment for solar projects and other deposits designated for the construction and operation of solar projects as well as the payment of amounts related to project specific debt financings. Restricted cash is classified into current and non-current portions based on the terms of the deposits and the expiration date of the underlying restrictions, such as the maturity date of the corresponding letter of credit. In addition, restricted cash for project construction, operation and financing is classified as current or noncurrent based on the intended use of the restricted funds.

The Company uses estimates to determine the amount of allowance for doubtful accounts necessary to reduce accounts receivable to its net realizable value. The Company estimates the required allowance by reviewing the status of past-due receivables and analyzing historical bad debt trends. Actual collection experience has not varied significantly from estimates primarily due to credit policies and a lack of concentration of accounts receivable. The Company writes-off receivables deemed to be uncollectible to the allowance for doubtful accounts.

Inventory consists principally of fuel purchased from various third-party vendors at Atlantic Aviation and Hawaii Gas and materials and supplies at all of the operating businesses. Fuel inventory is stated at the lower of cost or market. Materials and supplies inventory are valued at the lower of average cost or market. Inventory sold is recorded using the first-in-first-out method

The Company’s inventory balance at December 31, 2019 comprised $15 million of inventory for sale and $16 million of materials and supplies. The Company’s inventory balance at December 31, 2018 comprised $13 million of inventory for sale and $16 million of materials and supplies.

Property, equipment, land and leasehold improvements are initially recorded at cost. Major renewals and improvements are capitalized while repair and maintenance expenditures are expensed when incurred. Interest expense relating to construction in progress is capitalized as an additional cost of the asset. The Company depreciates property, equipment and leasehold improvements over their estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis. Excluding the regulated business at MIC Hawaii, the estimated economic useful lives range is summarized in the table below:

Goodwill consists of costs in excess of the aggregate purchase price over the fair value of tangible and identifiable intangible net assets acquired in business combinations. The cost of intangible assets with determinable useful lives is amortized over their estimated useful lives ranging as follows:

Long-lived assets, including amortizable intangible assets, are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets may not be fully recoverable. These events or changes in circumstances may include a significant deterioration of operating results, changes in business plans, or changes in anticipated future cash flows. If an impairment indicator is present, the Company evaluates recoverability by comparing the carrying amount of the assets to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. If the assets are impaired, the impairment recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value of the assets. Fair value is generally determined by estimates of discounted cash flows or value expected to be realized in a third-party sale. The discount rate used in any estimate of discounted cash flows would be the rate required for a similar investment of like risk.

Goodwill is tested for impairment at least annually on October 1^stor when there is a triggering event that indicates the possibility of an impairment. For the annual impairment test, the Company can make a qualitative assessment of whether it is more likely than not that a reporting unit’s fair value is less than its carrying amount before performing a quantitative goodwill impairment test, as discussed below. If an entity concludes it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, it need not perform the quantitative impairment test.

management to make judgments in determining what assumptions to use in the calculation. The first step is to determine the estimated fair value of each reporting unit with goodwill. The reporting units of the Company, for purposes of the impairment test, are those components of operating segments for which discrete financial information is available and segment management regularly reviews the operating results of that component. When determining reporting units, components with similar economic characteristics are combined.

The Company estimates the fair value of each reporting unit by estimating the present value of the reporting unit’s future discounted cash flows or value expected to be realized in a third-party sale. If the recorded net assets of the reporting unit are less than the reporting unit’s estimated fair value, then no impairment is indicated. If the recorded amount of goodwill exceeds the estimated fair value, an impairment charge is recorded for the excess.

During the first quarter of 2018, the Company adopted ASU No. 2017-04, Intangibles — Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. ASU No. 2017-04 simplifies the measurement of goodwill and no longer requires an entity to perform a hypothetical purchase price allocation when computing the estimated fair value to measure goodwill impairment. Instead, impairment will be assessed by quantifying the difference between the fair value of a reporting unit and its carrying amount. An impairment charge would be recognized for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value, on condition that the charge doesn’t exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. See Note 8, “Intangible Assets and Goodwill”, for further discussions on goodwill impairment testing performed in 2019.

Indefinite-lived intangibles, which consist of trademarks, are considered impaired when the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its estimated fair value. The Company estimates the fair value of each trademark using the relief from royalty method that discounts the estimated net cash flows the Company would have to pay to license the trademark under an arm’s length licensing agreement. If the recorded indefinite-lived intangible is less than its estimated fair value, then no impairment is indicated. Alternatively, if the recorded intangible asset exceeds its fair value, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess.

The Company capitalizes all direct costs incurred in connection with the issuance of debt as deferred financing costs. These costs are amortized over the contractual term of the debt instrument, which ranges from 4 to 12 years. At December 31, 2019, the weighted average remaining life of deferred financing costs was 5.3 years.

From time to time the Company enters into interest rate derivative agreements to minimize potential variations in cash flows resulting from fluctuations in interest rates and their impact on its variable-rate debt. Hawaii Gas, a business within the MIC Hawaii reportable segment, enters into commodity price hedges to mitigate the impact of fluctuations in liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) prices on its cash flows.

The Company accounts for derivatives and hedging activities in accordance with Accounting Standard Codification (ASC) 815, Derivatives and Hedging, which requires that all derivative instruments be recorded on the balance sheet at their respective fair values. All movements in the fair value of derivative contracts are recorded directly through earnings. See Note 10, “Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”, for further discussions.

The Company’s financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and variable-rate senior debt, are carried at cost, which approximates their fair value because of either the short-term maturity, or competitive interest rates assigned to these financial instruments. The fair values of the Company’s other debt instruments fall within level 1 or level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Financial instruments that potentially expose the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist primarily of cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable. The Company places its cash and cash equivalents with financial institutions and its balances may exceed federally insured limits. The Company’s accounts receivable balances are mainly derived from fuel and gas sales and services rendered under contract terms with commercial and private customers located primarily in the United States. At December 31, 2019 and 2018, there were no outstanding accounts receivable due from a single customer that accounted for more

The assets and liabilities of IMTT’s Newfoundland and Quebec locations are translated from their local currency (Canadian dollars) to U.S. dollars at exchange rates in effect at the end of the year and consolidated statement of operations accounts are translated at average exchange rates for the year. Translation gains or losses as a result of changes in the exchange rate are recorded as a component of other comprehensive income (loss).

The Company calculates income per share using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted income per share is computed using the weighted average number of dilutive common equivalent shares outstanding during the period. Common equivalent shares may consist of (i) shares issuable upon conversion of the Company’s convertible senior notes (using the if-converted method); (ii) stock units granted to the Company’s independent directors under the Independent Director Equity Plan; (iii) stock units granted to certain employees of the Company's operating businesses under the 2016 Omnibus Employee Incentive Plan; and (iv) fees payable to the Manager that will be reinvested in shares by the Manager in a future period, if any. Common equivalent shares are excluded from the calculation if their effect is anti-dilutive.

The Company follows the requirements of ASC 220, Comprehensive Income, for the reporting and presentation of comprehensive income (loss) and its components, net of taxes. For the Company, the guidance requires unrealized gains or losses on foreign currency translation adjustments and minimum pension liability adjustments to be included in other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes.

The utility operations of the Hawaii Gas business are subject to regulation with respect to rates, service, maintenance of accounting records, and various other matters by the Hawaii Public Utilities Commission (HPUC). The established accounting policies recognize the financial effects of the rate-making and accounting practices and policies of the HPUC. Regulated utility operations are subject to the provisions of ASC 980, Regulated Operations. This guidance requires regulated entities to disclose in their financial statements the authorized recovery of costs associated with regulatory decisions. Accordingly, certain costs that otherwise would normally be charged to expense may, in certain instances, be recorded as an asset in a regulatory entity’s balance sheet. The Hawaii Gas business records regulatory assets as costs that have been deferred for which future recovery through customer rates has been approved by the HPUC. Regulatory liabilities represent amounts included in rates and collected from customers for costs expected to be incurred in the future.

ASC 980 may, at some future date, be deemed inapplicable because of changes in the regulatory and competitive environments or other factors. If the Company were to discontinue the application of this guidance, the Company would be required to write-off its regulatory assets and regulatory liabilities and would be required to adjust the carrying amount of any other assets, including property, plant and equipment, that would be deemed not recoverable related to these affected operations. The Company believes its regulated operations in the Hawaii Gas business continue to meet the criteria of ASC 980 and that the carrying value of its regulated property, plant and equipment is recoverable in accordance with established HPUC rate-making practices.

The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are determined based on differences between financial reporting and tax basis of assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The Company and its more than 80% owned subsidiaries file a consolidated U.S. federal income tax return, including its allocated share of the taxable income from its solar and wind facilities through the date of sale. The investments in solar and wind facilities where the Company does not own 100% of the investment within discontinued operations and the MIC Hawaii segment are held in various LLCs, which are treated as partnerships for income tax purposes.

In assessing the need for a valuation allowance, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-14, Compensation — Retirement Benefits — Defined Benefit Plans — General (Subtopic 715-20): Disclosure Framework — Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefit Plans. The amendments in ASU 2018-14 update disclosure requirements for employers that sponsor defined benefit pension or other postretirement plans. The amendments in this update are effective for fiscal years ending after December 15, 2020. Early adoption is permitted. The Company will include appropriate disclosures related to defined benefit plans in accordance with the standard when it adopts the provisions of this ASU.

In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Disclosure Framework — Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement. The amendments in ASU 2018-13 update the disclosure requirements on fair value measurements, including the consideration of costs and benefits. The disclosure modifications focused on Level 3 fair value measurements, and also eliminate the minimum disclosure requirements. The amendments in this update are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments on changes in unrealized gains and losses, the range and weighted average of significant unobservable inputs used to develop Level 3 fair value measurements, and the narrative description of measurement uncertainty should be applied prospectively for only the most recent interim or annual period presented in the initial fiscal year of adoption. All other amendments should be applied retrospectively to all periods presented upon their effective date. The Company will adopt this ASU in 2020 and will make the required disclosures to the notes to the consolidated financial statements, as needed.