(2) Recent Accounting Pronouncements

Revenue Recognition

(Accounting Standards Codification 606, "ASC 606")

On December 27, 2017, we adopted ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. This ASC requires an entity to allocate the transaction price received from customers to each separate and distinct performance obligation and recognize revenue as these performance obligations are satisfied. This standard replaces most existing revenue recognition guidance in GAAP. The adoption of this standard did not have an impact on our recognition of sales from company restaurants or our recognition of continuing fees from franchisees, which are based on a percentage of franchise restaurant sales. As further detailed below, the adoption of this standard did have an impact on the recognition of initial franchise fees and upfront fees from international development agreements. In addition, certain transactions that were previously recorded as expense are now classified as revenue. We utilized the cumulative-effect method of adoption and recorded a $0.9 million reduction, net of tax, to retained earnings as of the first day of fiscal 2018 to reflect the change in the recognition pattern of initial franchise fees and upfront fees. The comparative financial information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods.

The cumulative effect of the changes made to our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 26, 2017 as a result of the adoption of ASC 606 were as follows:


	Balance at		ASC 606		Balance at
	December 26, 2017		Adjustments		December 27, 2017
Liabilities
Deferred tax liabilities, net	$	5,301	$	(299)	$	5,002
Other liabilities, non-current		42,112		1,177		43,289

Equity
Retained earnings	$	602,499	$	(878)	$	601,621

Under ASC 606, because the services we provide related to initial franchise fees and upfront fees from international development agreements do not contain separate and distinct performance obligations from the franchise right, these fees will be recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the associated franchise agreement. Under previous guidance, initial franchise fees were recognized when the related services had been provided, which was generally upon the opening of the restaurant, and upfront fees were recognized on a pro-rata basis as restaurants under the development agreement were opened. These fees will continue to be recorded as a component of franchise royalties and fees in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. ASC 606 requires sales-based royalties to continue to be recognized as franchisee restaurant sales occur.

In addition, certain transactions that were previously recorded as expense will be classified as revenue. These transactions include breakage income and third party gift card fees from our gift card program as well as accounting fees, supervision fees and advertising contributions received from our franchisees. Under ASC 606, breakage income and third party gift card fees are recorded as a component of restaurant and other sales in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. Under previous guidance, these transactions were recorded as a component of other operating expense. Also under ASC 606, accounting fees, supervision fees and advertising contributions received from our franchisees are recorded as a component of franchise royalties and fees in our unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income. Under previous guidance, these transactions were recorded as a reduction of general and administrative expense. As noted above, we adopted ASC 606 as of the first day of fiscal 2018. The comparative financial information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods.

The impact of adopting ASC 606 as compared to the previous revenue recognition guidance on our unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet and unaudited condensed consolidated statements of income and comprehensive income was as follows:


	March 27, 2018
			Balances Without		Adoption Impact of
	As Reported		Adoption of ASC 606		ASC 606
Balance Sheet
Liabilities
Deferred tax liabilities, net	$	8,401	$	8,709	$	(308)
Other liabilities, non-current		45,069		43,852		1,217

Equity
Retained earnings	$	638,309	$	639,218	$	(909)

	13 Weeks Ended March 27, 2018
			Balances Without		Adoption Impact of
	As Reported		Adoption of ASC 606		ASC 606
Income Statement
Revenue
Restaurant and other sales	$	622,402	$	624,216	$	(1,814)
Franchise royalties and fees		5,303		4,721		582

Costs and expenses
Other operating		92,378		94,192		(1,814)
General and administrative		30,175		29,553		622
Provision for income taxes		8,457		8,468		(11)

Net Income	$	54,541	$	54,572	$	(31)

Statement of Cash Flows

(Accounting Standards Update 2016-15, "ASU 2016-15")

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, which adds and/or clarifies guidance on the classification of certain cash receipts and payments in the statement of cash flows. We adopted this guidance as of the beginning of our 2018 fiscal year. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Income Taxes

(Accounting Standards Update 2016-16, "ASU 2016-16")

In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Income Taxes (Topic 740), which addresses the income tax consequences of intra-entity transfers of assets other than inventory. Current GAAP prohibits the recognition of current and deferred income taxes for an intra-entity asset transfer until the asset has been sold to an outside party. This standard will require recognition of current and deferred income taxes resulting from an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. We adopted this guidance as of the beginning of our 2018 fiscal year. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Compensation – Stock Compensation

(Accounting Standards Update 2017-09, "ASU 2017-09")

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-09, Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting, which clarifies when a change in the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award must be accounted for as a modification. ASU 2017-09 requires modification accounting if the fair value, vesting condition or the classification of the award is not the same immediately before and after a change in the terms and conditions of the award. We adopted this guidance as of the beginning of our 2018 fiscal year. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Leases

(Accounting Standards Update 2016-02, "ASU 2016-02")

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases, which requires an entity to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for virtually all leases. This update also requires additional disclosures about the amount, timing, and uncertainty of cash flows arising from leases. ASU 2016-02 is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018 (our 2019 fiscal year). A modified retrospective approach is required for all leases existing or entered into after the beginning of the year of adoption or the earliest comparative period in the consolidated financial statements.

We had operating leases with remaining rental payments of approximately $852.2 million as of March 27, 2018. The discounted minimum remaining rental payments will be the starting point for determining the right-of-use asset and lease liability. While we are still in the process of assessing the impact of this new standard on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows, we expect the adoption of this standard will have a material impact on our consolidated financial position due to the recognition of the right-of-use asset and lease liability related to operating leases. While the new standard is also expected to impact the measurement and presentation of elements of expenses and cash flows related to leasing arrangements, we do not presently believe there will be a material impact on our consolidated results of operations, cash flows, or the related notes.

Financial Instruments

(Accounting Standards Update 2016-13, "ASU 2016-13")

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments, which requires measurement and recognition of expected versus incurred losses for financial assets held. ASU 2016-13 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019 (our 2020 fiscal year), with early adoption permitted for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018. We are currently assessing the impact of this new standard on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

Goodwill

(Accounting Standards Update 2017-04, "ASU 2017-04")

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment, which simplifies the accounting for goodwill impairment and is expected to reduce the cost and complexity of accounting for goodwill. ASU 2017-04 removes Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test, which requires a hypothetical purchase price allocation. Instead, goodwill impairment will be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of the goodwill. ASU 2017-04 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019 (our 2020 fiscal year) and will be applied on a prospective basis. Early adoption is permitted for interim and annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. We are currently assessing the impact of this new standard on our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows.