Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

9 Months Ended

Sep. 30, 2018

Accounting Policies [Abstract]

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited financial statements of Stereotaxis, Inc. have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for interim financial information and the instructions to Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include all the disclosures required by U.S. generally accepted accounting principles for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, they include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods presented. Operating results for the nine month period ended September 30, 2018 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ended December 31, 2018 or for future operating periods.

These interim financial statements and the related notes should be read in conjunction with the annual financial statements and notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on March 20, 2018.

Going Concern, Liquidity and Management’s Plan

The Company believes the cash on hand at September 30, 2018 will be sufficient to meet its obligations as they become due in the ordinary course of business for at least 12 months following the date these financial statements are issued. The Company has sustained operating losses throughout its corporate history and expects that its 2018 expenses will exceed its 2018 gross margin. The Company expects to continue to incur operating losses and negative cash flows until revenues reach a level sufficient to support ongoing operations or expense reductions are in place. The Company’s liquidity needs will be largely determined by the success of clinical adoption within the installed base of Niobe systems as well as by new placements of capital systems.

Financial Instruments

Financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable, and debt. The carrying value of such amounts reported at the applicable balance sheet dates approximates fair value.

The Company measures certain financial assets and liabilities at fair value on a recurring basis. General accounting principles for fair value measurement established a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities (“Level 1”) and the lowest priority to unobservable inputs (“Level 3”). See Note 10 for additional details.

Revenue and Costs of Revenue

The Company adopted ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. As part of the Company's adoption of ASC 606, the Company elected to use the following practical expedients (i) applying the modified retrospective method only to open contracts as of December 31, 2017; (ii) not to adjust the promised amount of consideration for the effects of a significant financing component when the Company expects, at contract inception, that the period between the Company's transfer of a promised product or service to a customer and when the customer pays for that product or service will be one year or less; (iii) to expense costs as incurred for costs to obtain a contract when the amortization period would have been one year or less; and (iv) not to assess whether promised goods or services are performance obligations if they are immaterial in the context of the contract with the customer.

Upon adoption of the new revenue guidance, the Company recorded a cumulative-effect reduction to accumulated deficit of $0.3 million on January 1, 2018 relating primarily to the deferral of previously expensed costs to obtain a contract. The Company capitalized sales commissions paid in connection with multi-year service contracts and is amortizing such asset over the economic life of those contracts. Previously, sales commissions on multi-year service contracts were expensed as incurred. The impact of this change on operating expenses in any given period will depend, in part, on the amount of such commissions incurred and capitalized in relation to the amount of ongoing amortization expense. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company recorded less than $0.1 million in additional commission expense as a result of adopting the new standard. The Company did not otherwise experience significant changes in the timing or method of revenue recognition for any of its material revenue streams.

We generate revenue from initial capital sales of systems as well as recurring revenue from the sale of our proprietary disposable devices, from royalties paid to the Company on the sale by Biosense Webster of co-developed catheters, and from other recurring revenue including ongoing license and service contracts.

We account for a contract with a customer when there is a legally enforceable contract between the Company and the customer, the rights of the parties are identified, the contract has commercial substance, and collectability of the contract consideration is probable. We record our revenue based on consideration specified in the contract with each customer, net of any taxes collected from customers that are remitted to government authorities.

For contracts containing multiple products and services the Company accounts for individual products and services as separate performance obligations if they are distinct, which is if a product or service is separately identifiable from other items in the bundled package, and if a customer can benefit from it on its own or with other resources that are readily available to the customer. The Company recognizes revenues as the performance obligations are satisfied by transferring control of the product or service to a customer.

For multiple-element arrangements, revenue is allocated to each performance obligation based on its relative standalone selling price. Standalone selling prices are based on observable prices at which the Company separately sells the products or services. If a standalone selling price is not directly observable, then the Company estimates the standalone selling price considering market conditions and entity-specific factors including, but not limited to, features and functionality of the products and services and market conditions. The Company regularly reviews standalone selling prices and updates these estimates as necessary.

Systems:

Contracts related to the sale of systems typically contain separate obligations for the delivery of system(s), installation and an implied obligation to provide software enhancements if and when available for one year following installation. Revenue is recognized when the Company transfers control to the customer, which is generally at the point when acceptance occurs that indicates customer acknowledgment of delivery or installation, depending on the terms of the arrangement. Revenue from the implied obligation to deliver software enhancements if and when available is recognized ratably over the first year following installation of the system as the customer receives the right to software updates throughout the period and is included in Other Recurring Revenue. The Company’s system contracts generally do not provide a right of return. Systems are generally covered by a one-year assurance type warranty; warranty costs were not material for the periods presented. Revenue from system delivery and installation represented 5% and 15% of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Disposables:

Revenue from sales of disposable products is recognized when control is transferred to the customers, which generally occurs at the time of shipment, but can also occur at the time of delivery depending on the customer arrangement. Disposable products are covered by an assurance type warranty that provides for the return of defective products. Warranty costs were not material for the periods presented. Disposable revenue represented 33% and 32% of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Royalty:

The Company is entitled to royalty payments from Biosense Webster, payable quarterly based on net revenues from sales of the co-developed catheters. Royalty revenue from the co-developed catheters represented 10% and 9% of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

Other Recurring Revenue:

Other recurring revenue includes revenue from product maintenance plans, other post warranty maintenance, and the implied obligation to provide software enhancements if and when available for one year following installation. Revenue from services and software enhancements is deferred and amortized over the service or update period, which is typically one year. Revenue related to services performed on a time-and-materials basis is recognized when performed. Other recurring revenue represented 52% and 44% of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

	Three months ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Systems	$	715,484	$	1,597,537	$	1,043,510	$	3,644,871
Disposables, service and accessories		6,839,995		6,546,198		21,035,002		19,943,562
Total revenue	$	7,555,479	$	8,143,735	$	22,078,512	$	23,588,433

Transaction price allocated to remaining performance obligations relates to amounts allocated to products and services for which the revenue has not yet been recognized. A significant portion of this amount relates to the Company's systems contracts and obligations that will be recognized as revenue in future periods. These obligations are generally satisfied within two years after contract inception but may occasionally extend longer. Transaction price representing revenue to be earned on remaining performance obligations on system contracts was approximately $1.0 million as of September 30, 2018. Performance obligations arising from contracts for disposables, royalty and service are generally expected to be satisfied within one year after entering into the contract.

The following information summarizes the Company’s contract assets and liabilities:

	September 30,			December 31,
	2018			2017
Contract Assets - Unbilled Receivables	$	139,973		$	2,917
Product shipped, revenue deferred		661,402			941,724
Deferred service and license fees		6,207,167			5,372,908
Total deferred revenue		6,868,569			6,314,632
Less: Long-term deferred revenue		(502,893	)		(611,863	)
Total current deferred revenue	$	6,365,676		$	5,702,769

The Company invoices its customers based on the billing schedules in its sales arrangements. Contract assets primarily represent the difference between the revenue that was earned but not billed on service contracts and revenue from system contracts that was recognized based on the relative selling price of the related performance obligations and the contractual billing terms in the arrangements. Deferred revenue is primarily related to service contracts, for which the service fees are billed up-front, generally quarterly or annually, and for amounts billed in advance for system contracts for which some performance obligations remain outstanding. For service contracts, the associated deferred revenue is generally recognized ratably over the service period. For system contracts, the associated deferred revenue is recognized when the remaining performance obligations are satisfied. The Company did not have any impairment losses on its contract assets for the periods presented.

Revenue recognized for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, that was included in the deferred revenue balance at the beginning of each reporting period was $5,125,372 and $7,652,148, respectively.

Assets Recognized from the Costs to Obtain a Contract with a Customer

The Company has determined that sales incentive programs for the Company’s sales team meet the requirements to be capitalized as the Company expects to generate future economic benefits from the related revenue generating contracts after the initial capital sales transaction. The costs capitalized as contract acquisition costs included in prepaid expenses and other assets, in the Company’s balance sheet was $0.3 million as of September 30, 2018. The Company did not incur any impairment losses during any of the periods presented.

Costs of systems revenue include direct product costs, installation labor and other costs, estimated warranty costs, and initial training and product maintenance costs. These costs are recorded at the time of sale. Costs of disposable revenue include direct product costs and estimated warranty costs and are recorded at the time of sale. Cost of revenue from services and license fees are recorded when incurred.

Share-Based Compensation

The Company accounts for its grants of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted shares, and restricted stock units and for its employee stock purchase plan in accordance with the provisions of general accounting principles for share-based payments. These accounting principles require the determination of the fair value of the share-based compensation at the grant date and the recognition of the related expense over the period in which the share-based compensation vests.

The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes valuation model to determine the fair value of stock options and stock appreciation rights at the date of grant. The resulting compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period, which is generally four years. Restricted shares granted to employees are valued at the fair market value at the date of grant. The Company amortizes the fair market value to expense over the service period. If the shares are subject to performance objectives, the resulting compensation expense is amortized over the anticipated vesting period and is subject to adjustment based on the actual achievement of objectives.

Net Income (Loss) per Common Share (“EPS”)

Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common shareholders by the number of common shares outstanding during the period. In periods where there is net income, we apply the two-class method to calculate basic and diluted net income (loss) per share of common stock, as our Convertible Preferred Stock is a participating security. The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula that treats a participating security as having rights to earnings that otherwise would have been available to common stockholders. In periods where there is a net loss, the two-class method of computing earnings per share does not apply as our Convertible Preferred Stock does not contractually participate in our losses. We compute diluted net income (loss) per common share using net income (loss) as the “control number” in determining whether potential common shares are dilutive, after giving consideration to all potentially dilutive common shares, including stock options, warrants, unvested restricted stock units outstanding during the period and potential issuance of stock upon the conversion of our Convertible Preferred Stock issued and outstanding during the period, except where the effect of such securities would be antidilutive.

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted EPS:

	Three months ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
Net income (loss)	$	(116,295	)	$	(4,334,322	)	$	686,730		$	(3,334,653	)
Cumulative dividend on convertible preferred stock		(361,447	)		(337,963	)		(1,072,553	)		(1,070,812	)
Net loss attributable to common stockholders	$	(477,742	)	$	(4,672,285	)	$	(385,823	)	$	(4,405,465	)
Weighted average number of common shares and equivalents:		59,008,219			22,750,405			49,733,553			22,551,496
Basic EPS	$	(0.01	)	$	(0.21	)	$	(0.01	)	$	(0.20	)
Diluted EPS	$	(0.01	)	$	(0.21	)	$	(0.01	)	$	(0.20	)

The Company did not include any portion of unearned restricted stock units, outstanding options, stock appreciation rights, or warrants in the calculation of diluted loss per common share because all such securities are anti-dilutive for all periods presented.

As of September 30, 2018, the Company had 1,154,325 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding options and stock appreciation rights at a weighted average exercise price of $2.80 per share, 2,280,364 shares of common stock issuable upon the exercise of outstanding warrants at a weighted average exercise price of $2.04 per share, 41,187,582 shares of common stock issuable upon the conversion of Series A Convertible Preferred Stock and accumulated dividends, and 653,399 shares of unvested restricted share units.

Reclassifications

In 2018, we adjusted our operating expense categories to improve our alignment with common industry reporting practice, and as a result, certain amounts in prior periods have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. For the nine months ended September 30, 2017, approximately $1.4 million of regulatory and clinical research expenses previously included in General and Administrative expense have been reclassified to Research and Development expense, and approximately $0.4 million of international training expense previously included in General and Administrative expense has been reclassified to Sales and Marketing expense. These reclassifications had no effect on reported income or losses.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, “Leases (ASC 842),” which sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract (i.e. lessees and lessors). The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight line basis over the term of the lease, respectively. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for similar to existing guidance for operating leases today. The new standard requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases. ASC 842 supersedes the previous leases standard, ASC 840 Leases. The standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 31, 2018 (January 1, 2019 for the Company), with early adoption permitted. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact of this accounting standard update.