Loans

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2025

Receivables [Abstract]

Loans

(3) Loans. The segments of loans are as follows (Dollars in thousands):

	March 31, 2025			December 31, 2024
Residential real estate	$	71,638		$	74,064
Multi-family real estate		63,615			64,001
Commercial real estate		482,113			485,671
Land and construction		80,338			77,295
Commercial		50,585			52,810
Consumer		51,955			50,399
Total loans		800,244			804,240
Deduct:
Net deferred loan fees and costs		(742	)		(595	)
Allowance for credit losses		(8,270	)		(8,660	)
Loans, net	$	791,232		$	794,985

(continued)

OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(3) Loans, Continued.

An analysis of the change in the allowance for credit losses follows (Dollars in thousands):

	Residential Real Estate			Multi-Family Real Estate		Commercial Real Estate			Land and Construction		Commercial			Consumer			Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2025:
Beginning balance (December 31, 2024)	$	1,114		$	786	$	2,705		$	2,015	$	1,675		$	365		$	8,660
Credit loss (reversal) expense		(48	)		129		(108	)		6		(87	)		(36	)		(144	)
Charge-offs		-			-		-			-		-			(325	)		(325	)
Recoveries		-			-		-			-		-			79			79
Ending balance (March 31, 2025)	$	1,066		$	915	$	2,597		$	2,021	$	1,588		$	83		$	8,270

During the period ended March 31, 2025, the company recognized $21,000 of credit loss reversal related to unfunded loan commitments.

	Residential Real Estate			Multi-Family Real Estate			Commercial Real Estate		Land and Construction		Commercial			Consumer			Total
Three Months Ended March 31, 2024:
Beginning balance (December 31, 2023)	$	1,020		$	1,041		$	3,793	$	1,019	$	281		$	529		$	7,683
Credit loss (reversal) expense		(49	)		(12	)		315		493		(30	)		414			1,131
Charge-offs		-			-			-		-		(17	)		(618	)		(635	)
Recoveries		-			-			-		-		-			102			102
Ending balance (March 31, 2024)	$	971		$	1,029		$	4,108	$	1,512	$	234		$	427		$	8,281

During the period ended March 31, 2024, the Company recognized $74,000 of credit loss reversal related to unfunded loan commitments.

The Company has divided the loan portfolio into six portfolio segments, each with different risk characteristics and methodologies for assessing risk. All loans are underwritten based upon standards set forth in the policies approved by the Bank’s Board of Directors. The Company identifies the portfolio segments as follows:

(continued)

OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(3) Loans, Continued.

Residential Real Estate, Multi-Family Real Estate, Commercial Real Estate, Land and Construction. Residential real estate loans are underwritten based on repayment capacity and source, value of the underlying property, credit history and stability. The Company offers first and second one-to-four family mortgage loans; the collateral for these loans is generally the clients’ owner-occupied residences. Although these types of loans present lower levels of risk than commercial real estate loans, risks do still exist because of possible fluctuations in the value of the real estate collateral securing the loan, as well as changes in the borrowers’ financial condition. Multi-family and commercial real estate loans are secured by the subject property. Underwriting standards include, among other factors, loan to value limits, cash flow coverage and general creditworthiness of the obligors. Construction loans to borrowers finance the construction of owner occupied and leased properties. These loans are categorized as construction loans during the construction period, later converting to commercial or residential real estate loans after the construction is complete and amortization of the loan begins. Real estate development and construction loans are approved based on an analysis of the borrower and guarantor, the viability of the project and an acceptable percentage of the appraised value of the property securing the loan. Real estate development and construction loan funds are disbursed periodically based on the percentage of construction completed. The Company carefully monitors these loans with on-site inspections and requires the receipt of lien waivers on funds advanced. Development and construction loans are typically secured by the properties under development or construction, and personal guarantees are typically obtained. Further, to assure that reliance is not placed solely on the value of the underlying property, the Company considers the market conditions and feasibility of proposed projects, the financial condition and reputation of the borrower and guarantors, the amount of the borrower’s equity in the project, independent appraisals, cost estimates and pre-construction sales information. The Company also makes loans on occasion for the purchase of land for future development by the borrower. Land loans are extended for future development for either commercial or residential use by the borrower. The Company carefully analyzes the intended use of the property and the viability thereof.

Commercial. Commercial business loans and lines of credit consist of loans to small- and medium-sized companies. Commercial loans are generally used for working capital purposes or for acquiring equipment, inventory or furniture. Primarily all of the Company’s commercial loans are secured loans, along with a small amount of unsecured loans. The Company’s underwriting analysis consists of a review of the financial statements of the borrower, the lending history of the borrower, the debt service capabilities of the borrower, the projected cash flows of the business, the value of the collateral, if any, and whether the loan is guaranteed by the principals of the borrower. These loans are generally secured by accounts receivable, inventory and equipment. Commercial loans are typically made on the basis of the borrower’s ability to make repayment from the cash flow of the borrower’s business, which makes them of higher risk than residential loans and the collateral securing loans may be difficult to appraise and may fluctuate in value based on the success of the business. The Company mitigates these risks through its underwriting standards.

Consumer. Consumer loans are extended for various purposes, including purchases of automobiles, recreational vehicles, and boats. Also offered are home improvement loans, lines of credit, personal loans, and deposit account collateralized loans. Repayment of these loans is primarily dependent on the personal income of the borrowers, which can be impacted by economic conditions in their market areas such as unemployment levels. Loans to consumers are extended after a credit evaluation, including the creditworthiness of the borrower(s), the purpose of the credit, and the secondary source of repayment. Consumer loans are made at fixed and variable interest rates. Risk is mitigated by the fact that the loans are of smaller individual amounts.

(continued)

OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(3) Loans, Continued. Age analysis of past-due loans is as follows (Dollars in thousands):

	Accruing Loans
	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater Than 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Nonaccrual Loans		Total Loans
At March 31, 2025:
Residential real estate	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	71,638	$	-	$	71,638
Multi-family real estate		-		-		-		-		63,615		-		63,615
Commercial real estate		-		-		-		-		482,113		-		482,113
Land and construction		-		-		-		-		74,741		5,597		80,338
Commercial		-		-		-		-		49,279		1,306		50,585
Consumer		50		17		-		67		51,283		605		51,955
Total	$	50	$	17	$	-	$	67	$	792,669	$	7,508	$	800,244

	30-59 Days Past Due		60-89 Days Past Due		Greater Than 90 Days Past Due		Total Past Due		Current		Nonaccrual Loans		Total Loans
At December 31, 2024:
Residential real estate	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	74,064	$	-	$	74,064
Multi-family real estate		-		-		-		-		64,001		-		64,001
Commercial real estate		-		-		-		-		485,671		-		485,671
Land and construction		-		-		-		-		71,698		5,597		77,295
Commercial		-		-		-		-		51,436		1,374		52,810
Consumer		187		151		-		338		49,456		605		50,399
Total	$	187	$	151	$	-	$	338	$	796,326	$	7,576	$	804,240

The Company has not made any modifications of loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024.

(continued)

OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(3) Loans, Continued.

Internally assigned loan grades are defined as follows:

Pass — a Pass loan’s primary source of loan repayment is satisfactory, with secondary sources very likely to be realized if necessary. These are loans that conform in all aspects to bank policy and regulatory requirements, and no repayment risk has been identified.

OLEM — an Other Loan Especially Mentioned has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in the deterioration of the repayment prospects for the asset or the Company’s credit position at some future date.

Substandard — a Substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness or weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. Included in this category are loans that are current on their payments, but the Bank is unable to document the source of repayment. They are characterized by the distinct possibility that the Company will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.

Doubtful — a loan classified as Doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in one classified as Substandard, with the added characteristics that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values, highly questionable and improbable. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset even though partial recovery may be affected in the future. The Company charges off any loan classified as Doubtful.

Loss — a loan classified Loss is considered uncollectible and of such little value that continuance as a bankable asset is not warranted. This classification does not mean that the asset has absolutely no recovery or salvage value, but rather it is not practical or desirable to defer writing off this basically worthless asset even though partial recovery may be affected in the future. The Company fully charges off any loan classified as loss.

(continued)

OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(3) Loans, Continued.

(Dollars in thousands)	Term Loans															Revolving loans		Revolving loans Converted to term
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year															(Amortized		(Amortized
Construction and land real estate	March 31, 2025		2024		2023			2022			2021			Prior		Cost Basis)		Cost Basis)		Total
Pass	$	-	$	2,113	$	50,649		$	15,520		$	2,321		$	4,138	$	-	$	-	$	74,741
OLEM (Other Loans Especially Mentioned)		-		-		-			-			-			-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		5,597			-			-			-		-		-		5,597
Doubtful		-		-		-			-			-			-		-		-		-
Loss		-		-		-			-			-			-		-		-		-
Subtotal loans	$	-	$	2,113	$	56,246		$	15,520		$	2,321		$	4,138	$	-	$	-	$	80,338
Current period Gross write-offs	$	-	$	-	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Residential real estate
Pass	$	-	$	7,500	$	17,451		$	20,039		$	8,916		$	11,199	$	200	$	-	$	65,305
OLEM (Other Loans Especially Mentioned)		-		-		3,821			-			-			-		-		-		3,821
Substandard		-		-		-			1,867			-			645		-		-		2,512
Doubtful		-		-		-			-			-			-		-		-		-
Loss		-		-		-			-			-			-		-		-		-
Subtotal loans	$	-	$	7,500	$	21,272		$	21,906		$	8,916		$	11,844	$	200	$	-	$	71,638
Multi-family real estate
Pass	$	-	$	4,988	$	584		$	22,299		$	17,400		$	8,965	$	-	$	-	$	54,236
OLEM (Other Loans Especially Mentioned)		-		-		-			4,688			4,691			-		-		-		9,379
Substandard		-		-		-			-			-			-		-		-		-
Doubtful		-		-		-			-			-			-		-		-		-
Loss		-		-		-			-			-			-		-		-		-
Subtotal loans	$	-	$	4,988	$	584		$	26,987		$	22,091		$	8,965	$	-	$	-	$	63,615
Current period Gross write-offs	$	-	$	-	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Commercial real estate (CRE)
Pass	$	-	$	92,658	$	124,641		$	164,398		$	43,327		$	29,710	$	-	$	-	$	454,734
OLEM (Other Loans Especially Mentioned)		-		-		-			21,621			4,589			-		-		-		26,210
Substandard		-		-		-			-			-			1,169		-		-		1,169
Doubtful		-		-		-			-			-			-		-		-		-
Loss		-		-		-			-			-			-		-		-		-
Subtotal loans	$	-	$	92,658	$	124,641		$	186,019		$	47,916		$	30,879	$	-	$	-	$	482,113
Current period Gross write-offs	$	-	$	-	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Commercial business loans
Pass	$	3,783	$	19,258	$	17,535		$	1,888		$	1,381		$	595	$	-	$	-	$	44,440
OLEM (Other Loans Especially Mentioned)		-		5		4,834			-			-			-		-		-		4,839
Substandard		-		-		1,306			-			-			-		-		-		1,306
Doubtful		-		-		-			-			-			-		-		-		-
Loss		-		-		-			-			-			-		-		-		-
Subtotal loans	$	3,783	$	19,263	$	23,675		$	1,888		$	1,381		$	595	$	-	$	-	$	50,585
Current period Gross write-offs	$	-	$	-	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-	$	-	$	-	$	-
Consumer
Pass	$	69	$	12	$	3,734		$	2,104		$	1,044		$	15	$	44,372	$	-	$	51,350
OLEM (Other Loans Especially Mentioned)		-		-		-			-			-			-		-		-		-
Substandard		-		-		-			-			-			-		605		-		605
Doubtful		-		-		-			-			-			-		-		-		-
Loss		-		-		-			-			-			-		-		-		-
Subtotal loans	$	69	$	12	$	3,734		$	2,104		$	1,044		$	15	$	44,977	$	-	$	51,955
Current period Gross write-offs	$	-	$	-	$	(69	)	$	(254	)	$	(2	)	$	-	$	-	$	-	$	(325	)

(continued)

OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)

(3) Loans, Continued.

(Dollars in thousands)	Term Loans																Revolving Loans		Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
	Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year																(Amortized		(Amortized
Land and Construction	2024		2023			2022			2021			2020		Prior			Cost Basis)		Cost Basis)		Total
Pass	$	2,114	$	47,795		$	15,230		$	2,388		$	1,445	$	2,726		$	-	$	-	$	71,698
OLEM (Other Loans Especially Mentioned)		-		-			-			-			-		-			-		-		-
Substandard		-		5,597			-			-			-		-			-		-		5,597
Doubtful		-		-			-			-			-		-			-		-		-
Loss		-		-			-			-			-		-			-		-		-
Subtotal loans	$	2,114	$	53,392		$	15,230		$	2,388		$	1,445	$	2,726		$	-	$	-	$	77,295
Current period Gross write-offs	$	-	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-	$	-		$	-	$	-	$	-
Residential real estate
Pass	$	7,500	$	21,301		$	20,612		$	8,976		$	4,220	$	7,089		$	289	$	-	$	69,987
OLEM (Other Loans Especially Mentioned)		-		-			1,563			-			-		-			-		-		1,563
Substandard		-		-			1,880			-			-		634			-		-		2,514
Doubtful		-		-			-			-			-		-			-		-		-
Loss		-		-			-			-			-		-			-		-		-
Subtotal loans	$	7,500	$	21,301		$	24,055		$	8,976		$	4,220	$	7,723		$	289	$	-	$	74,064
Current period Gross write-offs	$	-	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-	$	-		$	-	$	-	$	-
Multi-family real estate
Pass	$	5,000	$	586		$	27,137		$	22,239		$	5,882	$	3,157		$	-	$	-	$	64,001
OLEM (Other Loans Especially Mentioned)		-		-			-			-			-		-			-		-		-
Substandard		-		-			-			-			-		-			-		-		-
Doubtful		-		-			-			-			-		-			-		-		-
Loss		-		-			-			-			-		-			-		-		-
Subtotal loans	$	5,000	$	586		$	27,137		$	22,239		$	5,882	$	3,157		$	-	$	-	$	64,001
Current period Gross write-offs	$	-	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-	$	-		$	-	$	-	$	-
Commercial real estate (CRE)
Pass	$	92,827	$	124,755		$	170,118		$	42,975		$	12,527	$	16,328		$	-	$	-	$	459,530
OLEM (Other Loans Especially Mentioned)		-		-			16,875			5,294			1,870		927			-		-		24,966
Substandard		-		-			-			-			-		1,175			-		-		1,175
Doubtful		-		-			-			-			-		-			-		-		-
Loss		-		-			-			-			-		-			-		-		-
Subtotal loans	$	92,827	$	124,755		$	186,993		$	48,269		$	14,397	$	18,430		$	-	$	-	$	485,671
Current period Gross write-offs	$	-	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-	$	-		$	-	$	-	$	-
Commercial loans
Pass	$	22,249	$	22,223		$	1,923		$	1,461		$	603	$	-		$	-	$	-	$	48,459
OLEM (Other Loans Especially Mentioned)		5		2,972			-			-			-		-			-		-		2,977
Substandard		-		1,374			-			-			-		-			-		-		1,374
Doubtful		-		-			-			-			-		-			-		-		-
Loss		-		-			-			-			-		-			-		-		-
Subtotal loans	$	22,254	$	26,569		$	1,923		$	1,461		$	603	$	-		$	-	$	-	$	52,810
Current period Gross write-offs	$	-	$	-		$	-		$	-		$	-	$	(17	)	$	-	$	-	$	(17	)
Consumer
Pass	$	73	$	4,098		$	2,733		$	1,313		$	40	$	2		$	41,535	$	-	$	49,794
OLEM (Other Loans Especially Mentioned)		-		-			-			-			-		-			-		-		-
Substandard		-		605			-			-			-		-			-		-		605
Doubtful		-		-			-			-			-		-			-		-		-
Loss		-		-			-			-			-		-			-		-		-
Subtotal loans	$	73	$	4,703		$	2,733		$	1,313		$	40	$	2		$	41,535	$	-	$	50,399
Current period Gross write-offs	$	-	$	(701	)	$	(781	)	$	(274	)	$	-	$	(4	)	$	-	$	-	$	(1,760	)

(continued)

OPTIMUMBANK HOLDINGS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)