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Income Taxes
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
 
The Company calculates the interim tax expense based on an annual effective tax rate ("AETR"). The AETR represents the Company’s estimated effective tax rate for the year based on full year projection of tax expense, divided by the projection of full year pretax book income/(loss) among the various foreign tax jurisdictions, adjusted for discrete transactions occurring during the period. The effective tax rates were (5.6)% and 46.8% for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and (25.6)% and 116.6% for the six months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.

The change in the Company’s effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2020 from the three and six months ended June 30, 2019 was primarily due to the mix of pretax earnings in jurisdictions with different jurisdictional tax rates, as well as not having the ability to benefit from losses in jurisdictions that have a history of negative earnings.
The reserve for uncertain tax positions amounted to $4,397 and $4,615 at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
 
The Company’s policy is to record income tax related interest and penalties in income tax expense. The Company recorded expense/(recovery) for any tax-related interest and penalties of $(5) and $(29) for the three months ended June 30, 2020 and 2019. Income tax expense/(recovery) related to these interest and penalties were $(2) and $(18) for the six months ended June 30, 2020, and 2019, respectively.

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that all, or some portion, of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities and projected future taxable income in making this assessment. Management evaluates the need for valuation allowances on the deferred tax assets according to the provisions of ASC 740, Income Taxes. In making this determination, management assesses all available evidence, both positive and negative, at the balance sheet date. This includes, but is not limited to, recent earnings, internally-prepared income projections, and historical financial performance.