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TABLE OF CONTENTS
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
ý | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2013 |
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OR |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the transition period from to |
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Commission File No. 814-00663 |
ARES CAPITAL CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Maryland | 33-1089684 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
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245 Park Avenue, 44th Floor, New York, New York 10167 (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) |
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(212) 750-7300 (Registrant's telephone number, including area code) |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class | Name of each exchange on which registered | |
Common Stock, par value $0.001 per share | The NASDAQ Global Select Market | |
5.875% Senior Notes due 2022 | The New York Stock Exchange | |
7.00% Senior Notes due 2022 | The New York Stock Exchange | |
7.75% Senior Notes due 2040 | The New York Stock Exchange | |
6.875% Senior Notes due 2047 | The New York Stock Exchange |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No ý
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No ý
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days: Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section §232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes o No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer" and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act:
Large accelerated filer ý | Accelerated filer o | Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
Smaller reporting company o |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No ý
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant on June 28, 2013, based on the closing price on that date of $17.20 on The NASDAQ Global Select Market, was approximately $4,614,974,622. As of February 24, 2014, there were 297,970,920 shares of the registrant's common stock outstanding.
Portions of the registrant's Proxy Statement for its 2014 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed not later than 120 days after the end of the fiscal year covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.
GENERAL
Ares Capital Corporation, a Maryland corporation (together with its subsidiaries, where applicable, "Ares Capital" or the "Company," which may also be referred to as "we," "us" or "our"), is a specialty finance company that is a closed-end, non-diversified management investment company. We have elected to be regulated as a business development company, or a "BDC," under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder or the "Investment Company Act." We were founded on April 16, 2004, were initially funded on June 23, 2004 and completed our initial public offering on October 8, 2004. We are one of the largest BDCs with approximately $8.1 billion of total assets as of December 31, 2013.
We are externally managed by our investment adviser, Ares Capital Management LLC ("Ares Capital Management" or our "investment adviser"), a wholly owned subsidiary of Ares Management LLC ("Ares Management"), a global alternative asset manager and a Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") registered investment adviser with approximately $74 billion of assets under management ("AUM")(1) as of December 31, 2013. Ares Operations LLC ("Ares Operations" or our "administrator"), our administrator, a wholly owned subsidiary of Ares Management, provides administrative services necessary for us to operate.
Our investment objective is to generate both current income and capital appreciation through debt and equity investments. We invest primarily in U.S. middle-market companies, where we believe the supply of primary capital is limited and the investment opportunities are most attractive. However, we may from time to time invest in larger or smaller (in particular, for investments in early-stage and/or venture capital-backed) companies. We generally use the term "middle-market" to refer to companies with annual EBITDA between $10 million and $250 million. As used herein, EBITDA represents net income before net interest expense, income tax expense, depreciation and amortization.
We invest primarily in first lien senior secured loans (including "unitranche" loans, which are loans that combine both senior and mezzanine debt, generally in a first lien position), second lien senior secured loans and mezzanine debt, which in some cases includes an equity component. First and second lien senior secured loans generally are senior debt instruments that rank ahead of subordinated debt of a given portfolio company. Mezzanine debt is subordinated to senior loans and is generally unsecured. Our investments in corporate borrowers generally range between $30 million and $400 million each, investments in project finance/power generation projects generally range between $10 million and $200 million each and investments in early-stage and/or venture capital-backed companies generally range between $1 million and $25 million each. However, the investment sizes may be more or less than these ranges and may vary based on, among other things, our capital availability, the composition of our portfolio and general micro- and macro-economic factors.
To a lesser extent, we also make preferred and/or common equity investments, which have generally been non-control equity investments of less than $20 million (usually in conjunction with a concurrent debt investment). However, we may increase the size or change the nature of these investments.
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The proportion of these types of investments will change over time given our views on, among other things, the economic and credit environment in which we are operating. In connection with our investing activities, we may make commitments with respect to indebtedness or securities of a potential portfolio company substantially in excess of our final investment. In such situations, while we may initially agree to fund up to a certain dollar amount of an investment, we may subsequently syndicate or sell a portion of such amount (including, without limitation, to vehicles managed by our portfolio company, Ivy Hill Asset Management, L.P. ("IHAM")), such that we are left with a smaller investment than what was reflected in our original commitment. In addition to originating investments, we may also acquire investments in the secondary market (including purchases of a portfolio of investments).
The first and second lien senior secured loans in which we invest generally have stated terms of three to 10 years and the mezzanine debt investments in which we invest generally have stated terms of up to 10 years, but the expected average life of such first and second lien loans and mezzanine debt is generally between three and seven years. However, we may invest in loans and securities with any maturity or duration. The instruments in which we invest typically are not rated by any rating agency, but we believe that if such instruments were rated, they would be below investment grade (rated lower than "Baa3" by Moody's Investors Service, lower than "BBB-" by Fitch Ratings or lower than "BBB-" by Standard & Poor's Rating Services), which, under the guidelines established by these entities, is an indication of having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the issuer's capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Bonds that are rated below investment grade are sometimes referred to as "high yield bonds" or "junk bonds." We may invest without limit in debt or other securities of any rating, as well as debt or other securities that have not been rated by any nationally recognized statistical rating organization.
We believe that our investment adviser, Ares Capital Management, is able to leverage the current investment platform, resources and existing relationships of Ares Management with financial sponsors, financial institutions, hedge funds and other investment firms to provide us with attractive investment opportunities. For purposes of this document, we refer to Ares Management and its affiliated companies (other than portfolio companies of its affiliated funds) as "Ares." In addition to deal flow, the Ares investment platform assists our investment adviser in analyzing, structuring and monitoring investments. Ares has been in existence for more than 16 years and its senior partners have an average of over 26 years of experience in leveraged finance, private equity, distressed debt, commercial real estate finance, investment banking and capital markets. The Company has access to Ares' investment professionals and administrative professionals, who provide assistance in accounting, finance, legal, compliance, operations, information technology and investor relations. As of December 31, 2013, Ares had 307 investment professionals and 430 administrative professionals.
We and General Electric Capital Corporation and GE Global Sponsor Finance LLC (collectively, "GE") also co-invest in first lien senior secured loans of middle market companies through an unconsolidated vehicle, the Senior Secured Loan Fund LLC, which operates using the name "Senior Secured Loan Program" (the "SSLP"). As of December 31, 2013, the SSLP had available capital of $11.0 billion of which approximately $8.7 billion in aggregate principal amount was funded at December 31, 2013. As of December 31, 2013, we had agreed to make available to the SSLP approximately $2.3 billion, of which approximately $1.7 billion was funded. The SSLP is capitalized as transactions are completed and all portfolio decisions and generally all other decisions in respect of the SSLP must be approved by an investment committee of the SSLP consisting of representatives of the Company and GE (with approval from a representative of each required). As of December 31, 2013, our investment in the SSLP was approximately $1.8 billion at fair value (including unrealized appreciation of $26.2 million), which represented approximately 23% of our total portfolio at fair value. For more information on the SSLP, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsPortfolio and Investment ActivitySenior Secured Loan Program."
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While our primary focus is to generate current income and capital appreciation through investments in first and second lien senior secured loans and mezzanine debt and, to a lesser extent, equity securities of eligible portfolio companies, we also may invest up to 30% of our portfolio in non-qualifying assets, as permitted by the Investment Company Act. Specifically, as part of this 30% basket, we may invest in entities that are not considered "eligible portfolio companies" (as defined in the Investment Company Act), including companies located outside of the United States, entities that are operating pursuant to certain exceptions under the Investment Company Act, and publicly traded entities whose public equity market capitalization exceeds the levels provided for under the Investment Company Act.
In the first quarter of 2011, the staff of the SEC (the "Staff") informally communicated to certain BDCs the Staff's belief that certain entities, which would be classified as an "investment company" under the Investment Company Act but for the exception from the definition of "investment company" set forth in Rule 3a-7 promulgated under the Investment Company Act, could not be treated as eligible portfolio companies (as defined in Section 2(a)(46) under the Investment Company Act) (i.e., in a BDC's 70% basket of "qualifying assets"). Subsequently, in August 2011 the SEC issued a concept release (the "Concept Release") which stated that "[a]s a general matter, the Commission presently does not believe that Rule 3a-7 issuers are the type of small, developing and financially troubled businesses in which the U.S. Congress intended BDCs primarily to invest" and requested comment on whether or not a 3a-7 issuer should be considered an "eligible portfolio company." We provided a comment letter in respect of the Concept Release and continue to believe that the language of Section 2(a)(46) of the Investment Company Act permits a BDC to treat as "eligible portfolio companies" entities that rely on the 3a-7 exception. However, given the current uncertainty in this area (including the language in the Concept Release), we have, solely for purposes of calculating the composition of our portfolio pursuant to Section 55(a) of the Investment Company Act, identified such entities, which include the SSLP, as "non-qualifying assets" should the Staff ultimately take an official view that 3a-7 issuers are not "eligible portfolio companies."
As of December 31, 2013, our portfolio company, IHAM, which became an SEC registered investment adviser effective March 30, 2012, managed 13 vehicles and served as the sub-manager/sub-servicer for three other vehicles (these vehicles managed or sub-managed/sub-serviced by IHAM are collectively referred to as the "IHAM Vehicles"). See Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2013. As of December 31, 2013, IHAM's assets under management ("IHAM AUM")(2) was approximately $2.8 billion. As of December 31, 2013, Ares Capital had invested approximately $171 million (at amortized cost) in IHAM. In connection with IHAM's registration as a registered investment adviser, on March 30, 2012, we received exemptive relief from the SEC allowing us to, subject to certain conditions, own directly or indirectly up to 100% of IHAM's outstanding equity interests and make additional investments in IHAM once IHAM became an SEC registered investment adviser. From time to time, IHAM or certain IHAM Vehicles may purchase investments from us or sell investments to us, in each case for a price equal to the fair market value of such investments determined at the time of such transactions.
About Ares
Founded in 1997, Ares is a global alternative asset manager and an SEC registered investment adviser with approximately $74 billion of total AUM and 737 employees as of December 31, 2013.
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Ares specializes in originating and managing assets in the leveraged finance, commercial real estate and private equity markets. Ares' leveraged finance activities include the origination, acquisition and management of senior loans, high yield bonds, mezzanine debt and special situation investments. Ares' commercial real estate activities generally focus on lending to U.S. middle-market real estate projects. Ares' private equity activities generally focus on control-oriented equity investments in under-capitalized companies with capital structure issues. Ares has the ability to invest across a capital structure, from senior debt to common equity. This flexibility, combined with Ares' "buy and hold" philosophy, enables Ares to structure an investment to meet the specific needs of a company rather than the less flexible demands of the public markets.
The following chart shows the structure and various investment strategies of Ares as of December 31, 2013:
Ares is organized around four primary investment platforms: Tradable Credit, Direct Lending, Private Equity and Real Estate. Ares' senior partners have been working together as a group for many years and have an average of over 26 years of experience in leveraged finance, private equity, distressed debt, real estate, investment banking and capital markets. They are backed by a team of 307 highly disciplined investment professionals which as of December 31, 2013 covered investments in more than 1,000 companies and more than 300 properties across over 30 industries. Ares' rigorous investment approach is based upon an intensive, independent financial analysis, with a focus on preservation of capital, diversification and active portfolio management. These fundamentals underlie Ares' investment strategy and have resulted in large pension funds, banks, insurance companies, endowments and high net worth individuals investing in Ares' funds.
Ares Capital Management
Ares Capital Management, our investment adviser, is served by an origination, investment and portfolio management team of 82 U.S.-based investment professionals as of December 31, 2013 and led by the senior partners of the Ares Management Direct Lending Group: Michael Arougheti, Kipp deVeer, Mitchell Goldstein and Michael Smith. Ares Capital Management leverages off of Ares' investment platform and benefits from the significant capital markets, trading and research expertise of Ares' investment professionals. Ares Capital Management's investment committee has seven members,
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including the senior partners of the Ares Management Direct Lending Group, senior partners in the Ares Management Private Equity Group and a senior adviser to the Ares Management Tradable Credit Group.
MARKET OPPORTUNITY
We believe that current market conditions present attractive opportunities for us to invest in middle-market companies, specifically:
COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
We believe that we have the following competitive advantages over other capital providers to middle-market companies:
The Ares Platform
As of December 31, 2013, Ares had approximately $74 billion of total AUM in the related asset classes of non-syndicated first and second lien senior secured corporate and commercial real estate loans, syndicated corporate and commercial real estate loans, high yield bonds, corporate and commercial real estate mezzanine debt and private equity. We believe Ares' current investment platform provides a competitive advantage in terms of access to origination and marketing activities and diligence for us. In particular, we believe that the Ares platform provides us with an advantage through its deal flow generation and investment evaluation process. Ares' asset management platform also provides additional market information, company knowledge and industry insight that benefit our investment and due diligence process. Ares' professionals maintain extensive financial sponsor and intermediary relationships, which provide valuable insight and access to transactions and information.
Seasoned Management Team
The investment professionals in the Ares Management Direct Lending Group and members of our investment adviser's investment committee also have significant experience investing across market cycles. This experience also provides us with a competitive advantage in identifying, originating, investing in and managing a portfolio of investments in middle-market companies.
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Broad Origination Strategy
We focus on self-originating most of our investments by pursuing a broad array of investment opportunities in middle-market companies across multiple channels. We also leverage off of the extensive relationships of the broader Ares platform, including relationships with the portfolio companies in the IHAM Vehicles, to identify investment opportunities. We believe that this allows for asset selectivity and that there is a significant relationship between proprietary deal origination and credit performance. We believe that our focus on generating proprietary deal flow and lead investing also gives us greater control over capital structure, deal terms, pricing and documentation and enables us to actively manage our portfolio investments. Moreover, by leading the investment process, we are often able to secure controlling positions in credit tranches, thereby providing additional control in investment outcomes. We also have originated substantial proprietary deal flow from middle-market intermediaries, which often allows us to act as the sole or principal source of institutional capital to the borrower.
Scale and Flexible Transaction Structuring
We believe that being one of the largest BDCs makes us a more desirable and flexible capital provider, especially in competitive markets. We are flexible and have significant experience in structuring investments, including the types of investments and the terms associated with such investments. We believe this approach and experience enables our investment adviser to identify attractive investment opportunities throughout economic cycles and across a company's capital structure so we can make investments consistent with our stated investment objective and preserve principal while seeking appropriate risk adjusted returns. In addition, we have the ability to provide "one stop" financing with the ability to invest capital across the balance sheet and syndicate and hold larger investments than many of our competitors. We believe that the ability to underwrite, syndicate and hold larger investments benefits our stockholders by (a) potentially increasing net income and earnings through syndication, (b) increasing originated deal flow flexibility, (c) broadening market relationships and deal flow, (d) allowing us to optimize our portfolio composition and (e) allowing us to provide capital to a broader spectrum of middle-market companies, which we believe currently have limited access to capital from traditional lending sources. In addition, we believe that the ability to provide capital at every level of the balance sheet provides a strong value proposition to middle-market borrowers and our senior debt capabilities provide superior deal origination and relative value analysis capabilities compared to traditional "mezzanine only" lenders.
Experience with and Focus on Middle-Market Companies
Ares has historically focused on investments in middle-market companies and we benefit from this experience. In sourcing and analyzing deals, our investment adviser benefits from Ares' extensive network of relationships focused on middle-market companies, including management teams, members of the investment banking community, private equity groups and other investment firms with whom Ares has had long-term relationships. We believe this network enables us to identify well-positioned prospective portfolio company investments. The Ares Management Direct Lending Group works closely with Ares' other investment professionals. As of December 31, 2013, Ares oversaw a portfolio of investments in over 1,000 companies and more than 300 properties across over 30 industries, which provides access to an extensive network of relationships and insights into industry trends and the state of the capital markets.
Disciplined Investment Philosophy
In making its investment decisions, our investment adviser has adopted Ares' long-standing, consistent, credit-based investment approach that was developed over 16 years ago by its founders. Specifically, our investment adviser's investment philosophy, portfolio construction and portfolio
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management involve an assessment of the overall macroeconomic environment and financial markets and company-specific research and analysis. Its investment approach emphasizes capital preservation, low volatility and minimization of downside risk. In addition to engaging in extensive due diligence from the perspective of a long-term investor, our investment adviser's approach seeks to reduce risk in investments by focusing on:
Extensive Industry Focus
We seek to concentrate our investing activities in industries with a history of predictable and dependable cash flows and in which the Ares investment professionals have had extensive investment experience. Ares investment professionals have developed long-term relationships with management teams and management consultants in over 30 industries, and have accumulated substantial information and identified potential trends within these industries. In turn, we benefit from these relationships, information and identification of potential trends in making investments.
OPERATING AND REGULATORY STRUCTURE
Our investment activities are managed by our investment adviser Ares Capital Management, which is wholly owned by Ares, and supervised by our board of directors, a majority of whom are independent of Ares and its affiliates. Ares Capital Management is registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, or the "Advisers Act." Under our Amended and Restated Investment Advisory and Management Agreement with Ares Capital Management, referred to herein as our "investment advisory and management agreement," we have agreed to pay Ares Capital Management an annual base management fee based on our total assets, as defined under the Investment Company Act (other than cash and cash equivalents, but including assets purchased with borrowed funds), and an incentive fee based on our performance. See "Investment Advisory and Management Agreement." Ares Operations provides us with administrative services necessary for us to operate pursuant to an Amended and Restated Administration Agreement, referred to herein as our "administration agreement." See "Administration Agreement."
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As a BDC, we are required to comply with certain regulatory requirements. For example, we are not generally permitted to invest in any portfolio company in which a fund managed by Ares or any of its downstream affiliates (other than us and our downstream affiliates) currently has an investment. However, we may co-invest on a concurrent basis with funds managed by Ares or any of its downstream affiliates, subject to compliance with existing regulatory guidance, applicable regulations and our allocation procedures. Certain types of co-investment transactions would only be permitted pursuant to an exemptive order from the SEC, for which we have applied. Any such order will be subject to certain terms and conditions. Further there is no assurance that this application for exemptive relief will be granted by the SEC.
Also, while we may borrow funds to make investments, our ability to use debt is limited in certain significant aspects. In particular, BDC's must have at least 200% asset coverage calculated pursuant to the Investment Company Act in order to incur debt or issue preferred stock (which we refer to collectively as "senior securities"), which requires us to finance our investments with at least as much equity as senior securities in the aggregate. Certain of our credit facilities also require that we maintain asset coverage of at least 200%.
In addition, as a consequence of our being a regulated investment company ("RIC") for U.S. federal income tax purposes, as well as our status as a BDC, our asset growth is dependent on our ability to raise equity capital through the issuance of common stock. RICs generally must distribute substantially all of their earnings to stockholders as dividends in order to preserve their status as a RIC and avoid additional corporate-level income taxes. This requirement, in turn, generally prevents us from using earnings to support our operations including making new investments.
MARKET CONDITIONS
From time to time, capital markets may experience periods of disruption and instability. For example, between 2008 and 2009, the global financial markets experienced stress, volatility, instability, illiquidity and disruption, and as a result, during this time the availability of capital and access to capital markets was limited. While market conditions have experienced relative stability in recent years, there have been continuing periods of volatility and there can be no assurances that adverse market conditions will not repeat themselves or worsen in the future. If they do, we could face difficulty raising new capital on attractive terms. Consequently, our operating strategy could be materially and adversely affected. As the global liquidity situation and market conditions evolve, we will continue to monitor and adjust our approach to funding accordingly. See "Risk FactorsRisks Relating to Our BusinessThe capital markets may experience periods of disruption and instability. Such market conditions may materially and adversely affect debt and equity capital markets in the United States, which may have a negative impact on our business and operations."
In connection with the prior depressed market conditions of the general economy during the period between 2008 and 2009, the stocks of BDCs as an industry traded at near historic lows as a result of concerns over liquidity, credit quality, leverage restrictions and distribution requirements. In some cases, certain BDCs became "forced sellers" of assets, defaulted on their indebtedness, decreased their distributions to stockholders or announced share repurchase programs. Although we believe that we currently have sufficient capital to fund our investments and operations, if such adverse market conditions repeat themselves, we cannot assure you that the market pressures we may face in the future will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
INVESTMENTS
Ares Capital Corporation Portfolio
We have built an investment portfolio of primarily first and second lien senior secured loans, mezzanine debt and, to a lesser extent, equity investments in private middle-market companies. Our
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portfolio is well diversified by industry sector and its concentration to any single issuer is limited. Our largest investment as of December 31, 2013 was in the subordinated certificates of the SSLP. The SSLP consists of a diverse portfolio of first lien senior secured loans to 47 different borrowers as of December 31, 2013 and the portfolio companies in the SSLP are in industries similar to the companies in Ares Capital's portfolio. Our investment in the SSLP represented approximately 23% of our portfolio fair value as of December 31, 2013.
Our debt investments in corporate borrowers generally range between $30 million and $400 million each, investments in project finance/power generation projects generally range between $10 million and $200 million each and investments in early-stage and/or venture capital-backed companies generally range between $1 million and $25 million each. However, the sizes of our investments may be more or less than these ranges and may vary based on, among other things, our capital availability, the composition of our portfolio and general micro- and macro-economic factors.
Our preferred and/or common equity investments have generally been non-control equity investments of less than $20 million (usually in conjunction with a concurrent debt investment). However, we may increase the size or change the nature of these investments.
In addition, the proportion of these types of investments will change over time given our views on, among other things, the economic and credit environment in which we are operating. In connection with our investing activities, we may make commitments with respect to indebtedness or securities of a potential portfolio company substantially in excess of our expected final hold size. In such situations, while we may initially agree to fund up to a certain dollar amount of an investment, we may subsequently syndicate a portion of such amount such that we are left with a smaller investment than what was reflected in our original commitment. We may also syndicate a "first out" tranche of a loan to an investor and retain a "last out" tranche of such loan, in which case the "first out" tranche of such loan will generally receive priority with respect to payments of principal, interest and any other amounts due thereunder. In addition to originating investments, we may also acquire investments in the secondary market (including purchases of a portfolio of investments).
We make senior secured loans primarily in the form of first lien loans (including unitranche loans) and second lien loans. Our senior secured loans generally have terms of three to 10 years. In connection with our senior secured loans we generally receive a security interest in certain of the assets of the borrower and consequently such assets serve as collateral in support of the repayment of such senior secured loans. Senior secured loans are generally exposed to the least amount of credit risk because they typically hold a senior position with respect to scheduled interest and principal payments and security interests in assets of the borrower. However, unlike mezzanine debt, senior secured loans typically do not receive any stock, warrants to purchase stock or other yield enhancements. Senior secured loans may include both revolving lines of credit and term loans.
Structurally, mezzanine debt usually ranks subordinate in priority of payment to senior secured loans and is often unsecured. However, mezzanine debt ranks senior to common and preferred equity in a borrowers' capital structure. Mezzanine debt investments generally offer lenders fixed returns in the form of interest payments and will often provide lenders an opportunity to participate in the capital appreciation of a borrower, if any, through an equity interest. This equity interest typically takes the form of an equity co-investment and/or warrants. Due to its higher risk profile and often less restrictive covenants as compared to senior secured loans, mezzanine debt generally bears a higher stated interest rate than senior secured loans. The equity co-investment and warrants (if any) associated with a mezzanine debt investment typically allow lenders to receive repayment of their principal on an agreed amortization schedule while retaining their equity interest in the borrower. Equity issued in connection with mezzanine debt also may include a "put" feature, which permits the holder to sell its equity interest back to the borrower at a price determined through an agreed formula.
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In making an equity investment, in addition to considering the factors discussed below under "Investment Selection," we also consider the anticipated timing of a liquidity event, such as a public offering, sale of the company or redemption of our equity securities.
We generally seek to invest in companies in the industries in which Ares' investment professionals have direct expertise. The following is a representative list of the industries in which we have invested:
However, we may invest in other industries if we are presented with attractive opportunities.
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The industrial and geographic compositions of our portfolio at fair value as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 were as follows:
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As of December 31, | ||||||
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2013 | 2012 | |||||
Industry |
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Investment Funds and Vehicles(1) |
23.6 | % | 21.7 | % | |||
Healthcare Services |
15.4 | 12.9 | |||||
Business Services |
9.2 | 6.4 | |||||
Education |
7.5 | 7.8 | |||||
Other Services |
6.7 | 6.7 | |||||
Energy |
5.4 | 3.7 | |||||
Restaurants and Food Services |
5.2 | 7.1 | |||||
Financial Services |
5.1 | 7.3 | |||||
Consumer Products |
3.5 | 6.6 | |||||
Containers and Packaging |
3.3 | 5.1 | |||||
Manufacturing |
3.3 | 2.4 | |||||
Automotive Services |
2.9 | 3.4 | |||||
Retail |
1.6 | 0.1 | |||||
Chemicals |
1.4 | | |||||
Aerospace and Defense |
1.4 | 2.0 | |||||
Other |
4.5 | 6.8 | |||||
| | | | | | | |
Total |
100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | |||
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
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As of December 31, | ||||||
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|
2013 | 2012 | |||||
Geographic Region |
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West(1) |
50.0 | % | 49.1 | % | |||
Mid Atlantic |
15.9 | 12.8 | |||||
Midwest |
15.8 | 19.2 | |||||
Southeast |
13.6 | 14.7 | |||||
International |
3.7 | 1.9 | |||||
Northeast |
1.0 | 2.3 | |||||
| | | | | | | |
Total |
100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | |||
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
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Since our initial public offering on October 8, 2004 through December 31, 2013, our exited investments resulted in an aggregate cash flow realized internal rate of return (as discussed in more detail in footnote 1 to the table below) to us of approximately 13% (based on original cash invested, net of syndications, of approximately $7.7 billion and total proceeds from such exited investments of approximately $9.4 billion). Approximately 72% of these exited investments resulted in an aggregate cash flow realized internal rate of return to us of 10% or greater.
The aggregate cash flow realized internal rate of return, original cash invested, net of syndications, and total proceeds, in each case from exited investments, are listed below from our initial public offering on October 8, 2004 through the end of each fiscal year shown below.
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Exited Investments IPO through December 31, |
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(dollar amounts in millions)
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2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Realized internal rate of return(1) |
13 | % | 13 | % | 14 | % | 15 | % | 14 | % | 19 | % | 21 | % | 26 | % | 41 | % | 17 | % | |||||||||||
Original cash invested, net of syndications |
$ | 7,717 | $ | 6,817 | $ | 4,638 | $ | 2,696 | $ | 1,220 | $ | 923 | $ | 684 | $ | 424 | $ | 119 | $ | 28 | |||||||||||
Total proceeds |
$ | 9,445 | $ | 8,264 | $ | 5,627 | $ | 3,256 | $ | 1,405 | $ | 1,104 | $ | 818 | $ | 511 | $ | 140 | $ | 32 |
Additionally, since our initial public offering on October 8, 2004 through December 31, 2013, our realized gains exceeded our realized losses by approximately $258 million (excluding a one-time gain on the acquisition of Allied Capital Corporation ("Allied Capital") and realized gains/losses from the extinguishment of debt and other assets). For the same time period, our average annualized net realized gain rate was approximately 1.1% (excluding a one-time gain on the acquisition of Allied Capital and realized gains/losses from the extinguishment of debt and from other assets). Net realized gain/loss rates for a particular period are the amount of net realized gains/losses during such period divided by the average quarterly investments at amortized cost in such period.
Information included herein regarding internal rates of return, realized gains and losses and annualized net realized gain rates since our initial public offering are historical results relating to our past performance and are not necessarily indicative of future results, the achievement of which cannot be assured.
INVESTMENT SELECTION
Ares' investment philosophy was developed over the past 16 years and has remained consistent and relevant throughout a number of economic cycles. We are managed using a similar investment philosophy used by the investment professionals of Ares in Ares' investment funds.
This investment philosophy involves, among other things:
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The foundation of Ares' investment philosophy is intensive credit investment analysis, a portfolio management discipline based on both market technicals and fundamental value-oriented research, and diversification strategy. We follow a rigorous investment process based on:
We seek to identify those companies exhibiting superior fundamental risk-reward profiles and strong defensible business franchises while focusing on the relative value of the investment across the industry as well as for the specific company.
Intensive Due Diligence
The process through which an investment decision is made involves extensive research into the target company, its industry, its growth prospects and its ability to withstand adverse conditions. If the senior investment professional responsible for the transaction determines that an investment opportunity should be pursued, we will engage in an intensive due diligence process. Approximately 30-40% of the investments initially reviewed by us proceed to this phase. Though each transaction will involve a somewhat different approach, the regular due diligence steps generally undertaken include:
Selective Investment Process
After an investment has been identified and preliminary diligence has been completed, a credit research and analysis report is prepared. This report is reviewed by the senior investment professional in charge of the potential investment. If such senior and other investment professionals are in favor of the potential investment, then it is first presented to an underwriting committee, which is comprised of senior members of the Ares Direct Lending Group.
After the investment is approved by the underwriting committee, a more extensive due diligence process is employed by the transaction team. Additional due diligence with respect to any investment may be conducted on our behalf by attorneys, independent accountants, and other third party consultants and research firms prior to the closing of the investment, as appropriate on a case-by-case basis. Approximately 7-10% of all investments initially reviewed by us will be presented to the
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investment committee. Approval of an investment for funding requires the approval of the majority of the investment committee of Ares Capital Management, although unanimous consent is sought.
Issuance of Formal Commitment
Once we have determined that a prospective portfolio company is suitable for investment, we work with the management and/or sponsor of that company and its other capital providers, including senior, junior and equity capital providers, if any, to finalize the structure of the investment. Approximately 5-7% of the investments initially reviewed by us eventually result in the issuance of formal commitments and the closing of such transactions.
Debt Investments
We invest in portfolio companies primarily in the form of first lien senior secured loans (including unitranche loans), second lien senior secured loans and mezzanine debt. The first and second lien senior secured loans generally have terms of three to 10 years. In connection with our first and second lien senior secured loans we generally receive security interests in certain assets of our portfolio companies that will serve as collateral in support of the repayment of such loans. First and second lien senior secured loans generally have floating interest rates, which may have LIBOR floors, and also may provide for some amortization of principal and excess cash flow payments, with the remaining principal balance due at maturity.
We structure our mezzanine investments primarily as unsecured subordinated loans that provide for relatively high fixed interest rates that provide us with significant current interest income. The mezzanine debt investments generally have terms of up to 10 years. These loans typically have interest-only payments, with amortization of principal, if any, deferred to the later years of the mezzanine investment. In some cases, we may enter into loans that, by their terms, convert into equity or additional debt or defer payments of interest (or at least cash interest) for the first few years after our investment. Also, in some cases our mezzanine debt will be secured by a subordinated lien on some or all of the assets of the borrower.
In some cases, our debt investments may provide for a portion of the interest payable to be payment-in-kind ("PIK") interest. To the extent interest is PIK, it will be payable through the increase of the principal amount of the loan by the amount of interest due on the then-outstanding aggregate principal amount of such loan.
In the case of our first and second lien senior secured loans and mezzanine debt, we tailor the terms of the investment to the facts and circumstances of the transaction and the prospective portfolio company, negotiating a structure that aims to protect our rights and manage our risk while creating incentives for the portfolio company to achieve its business plan and improve its profitability. For example, in addition to seeking a senior position in the capital structure of our portfolio companies, we will seek, where appropriate, to limit the downside potential of our investments by:
We generally require financial covenants and terms that require an issuer to reduce leverage, thereby enhancing credit quality. These methods include: (a) maintenance leverage covenants requiring
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a decreasing ratio of indebtedness to cash flow over time, (b) maintenance cash flow covenants requiring an increasing ratio of cash flow to the sum of interest expense and capital expenditures and (c) indebtedness incurrence prohibitions, limiting a company's ability to take on additional indebtedness. In addition, by including limitations on asset sales and capital expenditures we may be able to prevent a company from changing the nature of its business or capitalization without our consent.
Our debt investments may include equity features, such as warrants or options to buy a minority interest in the portfolio company. Warrants we receive with our debt investments may require only a nominal cost to exercise, and thus, as a portfolio company appreciates in value, we may achieve additional investment return from this equity interest. We may structure the warrants to provide provisions protecting our rights as a minority-interest holder, as well as puts, or rights to sell such securities back to the portfolio company, upon the occurrence of specified events. In many cases, we also obtain registration rights in connection with these equity interests, which may include demand and "piggyback" registration rights.
Equity Investments
To a lesser extent, we also make preferred and/or common equity investments, which have generally been non-control equity investments of less than $20 million (usually in conjunction with a concurrent debt investment). However, we may increase the size or change the nature of these investments.
ON-GOING RELATIONSHIPS WITH AND MONITORING OF PORTFOLIO COMPANIES
We closely monitor each investment we make, maintain a regular dialogue with both the management team and other stakeholders and seek specifically tailored financial reporting. In addition, senior investment professionals may take board seats or obtain board observation rights in connection with our portfolio companies. As of December 31, 2013, of our 193 portfolio companies, we were entitled to board seats or board observation rights on 42% of these companies and these companies represented approximately 64% of our portfolio at fair value.
We seek to exert significant influence post-investment, in addition to covenants and other contractual rights and through board participation, when appropriate, by actively working with management on strategic initiatives. We often introduce managers of companies in which we have invested to other portfolio companies to capitalize on complementary business activities and best practices.
Our investment adviser employs an investment rating system to categorize our investments. In addition to various risk management and monitoring tools, our investment adviser grades the credit risk of all investments on a scale of 1 to 4 no less frequently than quarterly. This system is intended primarily to reflect the underlying risk of a portfolio investment relative to our initial cost basis in respect of such portfolio investment (i.e., at the time of origination or acquisition), although it may also take into account under certain circumstances the performance of the portfolio company's business, the collateral coverage of the investment and other relevant factors. Under this system, investments with a grade of 4 involve the least amount of risk to our initial cost basis. The trends and risk factors for this investment since origination or acquisition are generally favorable, which may include the performance of the portfolio company or a potential exit. Investments graded 3 involve a level of risk to our initial cost basis that is similar to the risk to our initial cost basis at the time of origination or acquisition. This portfolio company is generally performing as expected and the risk factors to our ability to ultimately recoup the cost of our investment are neutral to favorable. All investments or acquired investments in new portfolio companies are initially assessed a grade of 3. Investments graded 2 indicate that the risk to our ability to recoup the initial cost basis of such investment has increased materially since origination or acquisition, including as a result of factors such as declining performance and non-compliance with debt covenants; however, payments are generally not more than 120 days past
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due. An investment grade of 1 indicates that the risk to our ability to recoup the initial cost basis of such investment has substantially increased since origination or acquisition, and the portfolio company likely has materially declining performance. For debt investments with an investment grade of 1, most or all of the debt covenants are out of compliance and payments are substantially delinquent. For investments graded 1, it is anticipated that we will not recoup our initial cost basis and may realize a substantial loss of our initial cost basis upon exit. For investments graded 1 or 2, our investment adviser enhances its level of scrutiny over the monitoring of such portfolio company. The grade of a portfolio investment may be reduced or increased over time.
As of December 31, 2013, the weighted average grade of our portfolio was 3.0. For more information, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsPortfolio and Investment Activity."
MANAGERIAL ASSISTANCE
As a BDC, we must offer, and must provide upon request, significant managerial assistance to certain of our portfolio companies. This assistance could involve, among other things, monitoring the operations of our portfolio companies, participating in board and management meetings, consulting with and advising officers of portfolio companies and providing other organizational and financial guidance. Ares Operations may provide all or a portion of this assistance pursuant to our administration agreement, the costs of which will be reimbursed by us. We may receive fees for these services.
COMPETITION
Our primary competitors include public and private funds, commercial and investment banks, commercial finance companies, other BDCs and private equity funds, each of which we compete with for financing opportunities. Many of our competitors are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial and marketing resources than we do. For example, some competitors may have access to funding sources that are not available to us. In addition, some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk assessments, which could allow them to consider more investments and establish more relationships than we do. Furthermore, many of our competitors are not subject to the regulatory restrictions that the Investment Company Act imposes on us as a BDC. For additional information concerning the competitive risks we face, see "Risk FactorsRisks Relating to Our BusinessWe operate in a highly competitive market for investment opportunities."
We believe that the relationships of the members of our investment adviser's investment committee and of the senior partners of Ares enable us to learn about, and compete effectively for, financing opportunities with attractive middle-market companies in the industries in which we seek to invest. We believe that Ares' professionals' deep and long-standing direct sponsor relationships and the resulting proprietary transaction opportunities that these relationships often present, provide valuable insight and access to transactions and information. We use the industry information of Ares' investment professionals to which we have access to assess investment risks and determine appropriate pricing for our investments in portfolio companies.
STAFFING
We do not currently have any employees and do not expect to have any employees. Services necessary for our business are provided by individuals who are employees or affiliates of our investment adviser, Ares Capital Management, and our administrator, Ares Operations, each of which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Ares Management, pursuant to the terms of our investment advisory and management agreement and our administration agreement, respectively, each as described below. Each of our executive officers is an employee or affiliate of Ares Capital Management or Ares Operations. Our day-to-day investment activities are managed by our investment adviser. Most of the services necessary for the origination of our investment portfolio are provided by investment professionals
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employed by Ares Capital Management. Ares Capital Management had 82 U.S.-based investment professionals as of December 31, 2013 who focus on origination, transaction development, investment and the ongoing monitoring of our investments. See "Investment Advisory and Management Agreement" below. We reimburse both our investment adviser and our administrator for a certain portion of expenses incurred in connection with such staffing, as described in more detail below. Because we have no employees, Ares Capital does not have a formal employee relations policy.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT
Management Services
Ares Capital Management serves as our investment adviser and is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act. Subject to the overall supervision of our board of directors, our investment adviser manages the day-to-day operations of, and provides investment advisory and management services to, Ares Capital. Under the terms of the investment advisory and management agreement, Ares Capital Management:
Ares Capital Management's services to us under the investment advisory and management agreement are not exclusive, and it is free to furnish similar services to other entities. Similarly, affiliates of our investment adviser may directly or indirectly manage funds or other investment vehicles with investment objectives similar to ours. Accordingly, we may compete with these Ares funds or other investment vehicles managed by our investment adviser and its affiliates for capital and investment opportunities. Ares Capital Management endeavors to allocate investment opportunities in a fair and equitable manner, and in any event consistent with any fiduciary duties owed to Ares Capital. Nevertheless, it is possible that we may not be given the opportunity to participate in certain investments made by investment funds or other investment vehicles managed by Ares Capital Management or its affiliates.
The sole member of Ares Capital Management is Ares Management, a global alternative asset manager and an SEC-registered investment adviser. As of December 31, 2013, Ares had approximately $74 billion of total AUM.
Management Fee
Pursuant to the investment advisory and management agreement and subject to the overall supervision of our board of directors, our investment adviser provides investment advisory and management services to us. For providing these services, our investment adviser receives a fee from us consisting of two componentsa base management fee and an incentive fee.
The base management fee is calculated at an annual rate of 1.5% based on the average value of our total assets (other than cash or cash equivalents but including assets purchased with borrowed funds) at the end of the two most recently completed calendar quarters. The base management fee is payable quarterly in arrears.
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Incentive Fee
The incentive fee has two parts. The first part is calculated and payable quarterly in arrears based on our pre-incentive fee net investment income for the quarter. Pre-incentive fee net investment income means interest income, dividend income and any other income (including any other fees such as commitment, origination, structuring, diligence and consulting fees or other fees that we receive from portfolio companies but excluding fees for providing managerial assistance) accrued during the calendar quarter, minus operating expenses for the quarter (including the base management fee, any expenses payable under the administration agreement, and any interest expense and dividends paid on any outstanding preferred stock, but excluding the incentive fee). Pre-incentive fee net investment income includes, in the case of investments with a deferred interest feature such as market discount, debt instruments with PIK interest, preferred stock with PIK dividends and zero coupon securities, accrued income that we have not yet received in cash. Our investment adviser is not under any obligation to reimburse us for any part of the incentive fee it received that was based on accrued interest that we never actually receive. See "Risk FactorsRisks Relating to Our BusinessThere are significant potential conflicts of interest that could impact our investment returns" and "Risk FactorsRisks Relating to Our BusinessWe may be obligated to pay our investment adviser incentive compensation even if we incur a loss."
Pre-incentive fee net investment income does not include any realized capital gains, realized capital losses, unrealized capital appreciation, unrealized capital depreciation or income tax expense related to realized gains. Because of the structure of the incentive fee, it is possible that we may pay an incentive fee in a quarter where we incur a loss. For example, if we receive pre-incentive fee net investment income in excess of the hurdle rate (as defined below) for a quarter, we will pay the applicable incentive fee even if we have incurred a loss in that quarter due to realized and/or unrealized capital losses.
Pre-incentive fee net investment income, expressed as a rate of return on the value of our net assets (defined as total assets less indebtedness and before taking into account any incentive fees payable during the period) at the end of the immediately preceding calendar quarter, is compared to a fixed "hurdle rate" of 1.75% per quarter. If market credit spreads rise, we may be able to invest our funds in debt instruments that provide for a higher return, which may increase our pre-incentive fee net investment income and make it easier for our investment adviser to surpass the fixed hurdle rate and receive an incentive fee based on such net investment income. To the extent we have retained pre-incentive fee net investment income that has been used to calculate this part of the incentive fee, it is also included in the amount of our total assets (other than cash and cash equivalents but including assets purchased with borrowed funds) used to calculate the 1.5% base management fee.
We pay our investment adviser an incentive fee with respect to our pre-incentive fee net investment income in each calendar quarter as follows:
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The following is a graphical representation of the calculation of the income-related portion of the incentive fee:
Quarterly Incentive Fee Based on Net Investment Income
Pre-incentive fee net investment income return
(expressed as a percentage of the value of net assets)
Percentage of pre-incentive fee net investment income
allocated to income-related portion of incentive fee
These calculations will be appropriately pro rated for any period of less than three months and adjusted for any share issuances or repurchases during the calendar quarter.
The second part of the incentive fee (the "Capital Gains Fee"), is determined and payable in arrears as of the end of each calendar year (or, upon termination of our investment advisory and management agreement, as of the termination date) and is calculated at the end of each applicable year by subtracting (a) the sum of our cumulative aggregate realized capital losses and aggregate unrealized capital depreciation from (b) our cumulative aggregate realized capital gains, in each case calculated from October 8, 2004. Realized capital gains and losses include gains and losses on investments and foreign currencies, as well as gains and losses on extinguishment of debt and other assets. If such amount is positive at the end of such year, then the Capital Gains Fee for such year is equal to 20% of such amount, less the aggregate amount of Capital Gains Fees paid in all prior years. If such amount is negative, then there is no Capital Gains Fee for such year.
The cumulative aggregate realized capital gains are calculated as the sum of the differences, if positive, between (a) the net sales price of each investment in our portfolio when sold and (b) the accreted or amortized cost basis of such investment.
The cumulative aggregate realized capital losses are calculated as the sum of the amounts by which (a) the net sales price of each investment in our portfolio when sold is less than (b) the accreted or amortized cost basis of such investment.
The aggregate unrealized capital depreciation is calculated as the sum of the differences, if negative, between (a) the valuation of each investment in our portfolio as of the applicable Capital Gains Fee calculation date and (b) the accreted or amortized cost basis of such investment.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, as a result of an amendment to the capital gains portion of the incentive fee under the investment advisory and management agreement (the "Capital Gains Amendment") that was approved on June 6, 2011, if we are required by generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") to record an investment at its fair value as of the time of acquisition instead of at the actual amount paid for such investment by us (including, for example, as a result of the application of the acquisition method of accounting), then solely for the purposes of calculating the Capital Gains Fee, the "accreted or amortized cost basis" of an investment shall be an amount (the "Contractual Cost Basis") equal to (1) (x) the actual amount paid by us for such investment plus (y) any amounts recorded in our financial statements as required by GAAP that are attributable to the accretion of such investment plus (z) any other adjustments made to the cost basis included in our financial statements, including PIK interest or additional amounts funded (net of repayments) minus (2) any amounts recorded in our financial statements as required by GAAP that are attributable to the amortization of such investment, whether such calculated Contractual Cost Basis is higher or lower than the fair value of such investment (as determined in accordance with GAAP) at the time of acquisition.
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We defer cash payment of any incentive fee otherwise earned by our investment adviser if during the most recent four full calendar quarter period ending on or prior to the date such payment is to be made the sum of (a) the aggregate distributions to our stockholders and (b) the change in net assets (defined as total assets less indebtedness and before taking into account any incentive fees payable during the period) is less than 7.0% of our net assets (defined as total assets less indebtedness) at the beginning of such period. Any deferred incentive fees are carried over for payment in subsequent calculation periods to the extent such payment is payable under our investment advisory and management agreement.
Payment of Our Expenses
The services of all investment professionals and staff of our investment adviser, when and to the extent engaged in providing investment advisory and management services to us and routine overhead expenses of such personnel allocable to such services, are provided and paid for by our investment adviser. We bear all other costs and expenses of our operations and transactions, including, but not limited to, those relating to: rent; organization; calculation of our net asset value (including, but not limited to, the cost and expenses of any independent valuation firm); expenses incurred by our investment adviser payable to third parties, including agents, consultants or other advisers, in monitoring our financial and legal affairs and in monitoring our investments and performing due diligence on our prospective portfolio companies; interest payable on indebtedness, if any, incurred to finance our investments; offerings of our common stock and other securities; investment advisory and management fees; administration fees; fees payable to third parties, including agents, consultants or other advisers, relating to, or associated with, evaluating and making investments; transfer agent and custodial fees; registration fees; listing fees; taxes; independent directors' fees and expenses; costs of preparing and filing reports or other documents with the SEC; the costs of any reports, proxy statements or other notices to stockholders, including printing costs; to the extent we are covered by any joint insurance policies, our allocable portion of the insurance premiums for such policies; direct costs and expenses of administration, including auditor and legal costs; and all other expenses incurred by us or our administrator in connection with administering our business as described in more detail under "Administration Agreement" below.
Duration, Termination and Amendment
At an in-person meeting of our board of directors on March 16, 2011, the form of our current investment advisory and management agreement, including two proposed amendments to our then existing investment advisory and management agreement, was approved by our board of directors with the recommendation that stockholders of the Company vote to approve the proposed amendments. On June 6, 2011, our stockholders approved the proposed amendments and we entered into a restated investment advisory and management agreement, reflecting such amendments on June 6, 2011. At an in-person meeting of our board of directors on May 2, 2013, our board of directors, including a majority of the directors who are not "interested persons" of the Company as defined in the Investment Company Act, voted to approve the continuation of the investment advisory and management agreement to June 6, 2014.
Unless terminated earlier, the investment advisory and management agreement will automatically renew for successive annual periods if approved annually by our board of directors or by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of our outstanding voting securities, including, in either case, approval by a majority of our directors who are not "interested persons" of the Company (as defined in the Investment Company Act).
In voting to approve the current investment advisory and management agreement, the independent directors had the opportunity to consult in executive session with counsel to the Company regarding the approval of such agreement. In reaching a decision to approve the current investment advisory and
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management agreement, our board of directors reviewed a significant amount of information and considered, among other things:
(i) the nature, extent and quality of the advisory and other services to be provided to the Company by our investment adviser;
(ii) the long and short-term investment performance of the Company and our investment adviser;
(iii) the costs of the services to be provided by our investment adviser (including the base management fee, the incentive fee (including hurdle rates) and expense ratios) and comparative data;
(iv) the limited potential for economies of scale in investment management associated with a larger capital base for investments in first and second lien senior loans and mezzanine debt and whether such limited economies of scale would benefit our stockholders;
(v) our investment adviser's estimated pro forma profitability with respect to managing us;
(vi) the limited potential for additional benefits to be derived by our investment adviser and its affiliates as a result of our relationship with our investment adviser; and
(vii) various other matters.
In voting to approve the current investment advisory and management agreement, our board of directors, including all of the directors who are not "interested persons," of the Company, made the following conclusions:
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In view of the wide variety of factors that our board of directors considered in connection with its evaluation of the investment advisory and management agreement, it is not practical to quantify, rank or otherwise assign relative weights to the specific factors it considered in reaching its decision. Our board of directors did not undertake to make any specific determination as to whether any particular factor, or any aspect of any particular factor, was favorable or unfavorable to the ultimate determination of our board of directors. Rather, our board of directors based its approval on the totality of information presented to, and the investigation conducted by, it. In considering the factors discussed above, individual directors may have given different weights to different factors.
Based on the information reviewed and the factors discussed above, our directors (including those directors who are not "interested persons" of the Company) concluded that the terms of the investment advisory and management agreement, including the fee rates thereunder, are fair and reasonable in relation to the services provided and approved the continuation of the investment advisory and management agreement with our investment adviser as being in the best interests of the Company and its stockholders.
The investment advisory and management agreement will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment. The investment advisory and management agreement may be terminated by either party without penalty upon 60 days' written notice to the other party.
Conflicts of interest may arise if our investment adviser seeks to change the terms of our investment advisory and management agreement, including, for example, the amount of the base management fee, the incentive fee or other compensation terms. Material amendments to our investment advisory and management agreement must be approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of our outstanding voting securities and by a majority of our independent directors, and we may from time to time decide it is appropriate to seek the requisite approval to change the terms of the agreement.
Indemnification
The investment advisory and management agreement provides that, absent willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or by reason of the reckless disregard of its duties and obligations, our investment adviser, its members and their respective officers, managers, partners, agents, employees, controlling persons and members and any other person or entity affiliated with it are entitled to indemnification from us for any damages, liabilities, costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees and amounts reasonably paid in settlement) arising from the rendering of our investment adviser's services under the investment advisory and management agreement or otherwise as our investment adviser.
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Organization of our Investment Adviser
Our investment adviser is a Delaware limited liability company that is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act. The principal executive offices of Ares Capital Management are located at 2000 Avenue of the Stars, 12th Floor, Los Angeles, California 90067.
ADMINISTRATION AGREEMENT
We are also party to a separate administration agreement with Ares Operations, an affiliate of our investment adviser and a wholly owned subsidiary of Ares Management. Our board of directors approved the continuation of our administration agreement on May 2, 2013, which extended the term of the agreement to June 1, 2014. Pursuant to the administration agreement, Ares Operations furnishes us with office equipment and clerical, bookkeeping and record keeping services at our office facilities. Under the administration agreement, Ares Operations also performs, or oversees the performance of, our required administrative services, which include, among other things, providing assistance in accounting, legal, compliance, operations, technology, and investor relations, being responsible for the financial records that we are required to maintain and preparing reports to our stockholders and reports filed with the SEC. In addition, Ares Operations assists us in determining and publishing our net asset value, assists us in providing managerial assistance to our portfolio companies, oversees the preparation and filing of our tax returns and the printing and dissemination of reports to our stockholders, and generally oversees the payment of our expenses and the performance of administrative and professional services rendered to us by others. Payments under the administration agreement are equal to an amount based upon our allocable portion of Ares Operations' overhead and other expenses (including travel expenses) incurred by Ares Operations in performing its obligations under the administration agreement, including our allocable portion of the compensation of certain of our officers (including our chief compliance officer, chief financial officer, chief accounting officer, general counsel, treasurer and assistant treasurer) and their respective staffs. The administration agreement may be terminated by either party without penalty upon 60 days' written notice to the other party.
Indemnification
The administration agreement provides that, absent willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence in the performance of its duties or by reason of the reckless disregard of its duties and obligations, Ares Operations, its members and their respective officers, managers, partners, agents, employees, controlling persons and members and any other person or entity affiliated with it are entitled to indemnification from us for any damages, liabilities, costs and expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees and amounts reasonably paid in settlement) arising from the rendering of Ares Operations' services under the administration agreement or otherwise as our administrator.
LEVERAGE
We may from time to time borrow funds to make investments, a practice known as "leverage," to attempt to increase returns to our stockholders. With certain limited exceptions, we are only allowed to borrow amounts such that our asset coverage, as calculated in accordance with the Investment Company Act, equals at least 200% after such borrowing. The amount of leverage that we employ at any particular time will depend on our investment adviser's and our board of directors' assessments of market and other factors at the time of any proposed borrowing. As of February 20, 2014, we had $3.0 billion of total principal debt outstanding under the various debt instruments described below. See "Risk FactorsRisks Relating to Our BusinessWe borrow money, which magnifies the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested and may increase the risk of investing with us."
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We may from time to time seek to retire or repurchase our common stock through cash purchases, as well as retire, cancel or purchase our outstanding debt through cash purchases and/or exchanges, in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such repurchases or exchanges, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual and regulatory restrictions and other factors. The amounts involved may be material.
We are party to a revolving credit facility, which allows us to borrow up to $1.06 billion at any one time outstanding (the "Revolving Credit Facility"). The Revolving Credit Facility also includes an "accordion" feature that allows us, under certain circumstances, to increase the size of the facility to a maximum of $1.4 billion. The Revolving Credit Facility matures on May 4, 2018. Subject to certain exceptions, the interest rate charged on the Revolving Credit Facility is based on LIBOR plus an applicable spread of 2.00% or a "base rate" (as defined in the agreements governing the Revolving Credit Facility) plus an applicable spread of 1.00%.
Our consolidated subsidiary, Ares Capital CP Funding LLC ("Ares Capital CP"), is party to a revolving funding facility, which allows us to borrow up to $620 million at any one time outstanding (the "Revolving Funding Facility"). The Revolving Funding Facility provides for a feature that allows, under certain circumstances, for an increase in the size of the facility to a maximum of $865 million. The Revolving Funding Facility provides for a three-year reinvestment period until April 18, 2015 and has a stated maturity of April 18, 2017. Subject to certain exceptions, the interest rate charged on the Revolving Funding Facility is based on applicable spreads ranging from 2.25% to 2.50% over LIBOR and ranging from 1.25% to 1.50% over "base rate" (as defined in the agreements governing the Revolving Funding Facility) in each case, determined monthly based on the composition of the borrowing base relative to outstanding borrowings under the Revolving Funding Facility.
Our consolidated subsidiary, Ares Capital JB Funding LLC ("ACJB LLC") is party to a revolving funding facility with Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation ("SMBC"), which allows us to borrow up to $400 million at any one time outstanding (the "SMBC Funding Facility" and together with the Revolving Credit Facility and the Revolving Funding Facility, the "Facilities"). The SMBC Funding Facility provides for a three-year reinvestment period until September 14, 2016 and has a stated maturity of September 14, 2021. The reinvestment period and the stated maturity date are both subject to two one-year extensions by mutual agreement. Subject to certain exceptions, the interest rate charged on the SMBC Funding Facility is based on one month LIBOR plus an applicable spread of 2.00% or a "base rate" (as defined in the agreements governing the SMBC Funding Facility) plus an applicable spread of 1.00%.
The Company currently has approximately $1.5 billion aggregate principal amount of convertible senior unsecured notes outstanding comprised of $575.0 million aggregate principal amount of convertible senior unsecured notes that mature on February 1, 2016 and bear interest at a rate of 5.75% (the "February 2016 Convertible Notes"), $230.0 million aggregate principal amount of convertible senior unsecured notes that mature on June 1, 2016 and bear interest at a rate of 5.125% (the "June 2016 Convertible Notes"), $162.5 million aggregate principal amount of convertible senior unsecured notes that mature on March 15, 2017 and bear interest at rate of 4.875% (the "2017 Convertible Notes"), $270.0 million aggregate principal amount of convertible senior unsecured notes that mature on January 15, 2018 and bear interest at a rate of 4.75% (the "2018 Convertible Notes"), and $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of convertible senior unsecured notes that mature on January 15, 2019 and bear interest at a rate of 4.375% (the "2019 Convertible Notes", and together with the February 2016 Convertible Notes, the June 2016 Convertible Notes, the 2017 Convertible Notes and the 2018 Convertible Notes, the "Convertible Unsecured Notes").
The Company also currently has approximately $1.5 billion aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes outstanding comprised of $750.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes that mature on November 30, 2018 and bear interest at a rate of 4.875% (the "2018
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Notes"), $143.8 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes that mature on February 15, 2022 and bear interest at a rate of 7.00% (the "February 2022 Notes"), $182.5 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes that mature on October 1, 2022 and bear interest at a rate of 5.875% (the "October 2022 Notes"), $200.0 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes that mature on October 15, 2040 and bear interest at a rate of 7.75% (the "2040 Notes") and $229.6 million aggregate principal amount of senior unsecured notes that mature on April 15, 2047 and bear interest at a rate of 6.875% (the "2047 Notes" and together with the 2018 Notes, the February 2022 Notes, the October 2022 Notes and the 2040 Notes, the "Unsecured Notes"). The Unsecured Notes, excluding the 2018 Notes, are listed on The New York Stock Exchange.
We intend to continue borrowing under the Facilities in the future and we may increase the size of the Facilities, add additional credit facilities or otherwise issue additional debt securities or other evidences of indebtedness in the future, although there can be no assurance that we will be able to do so.
For more information on the Company's debt, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsFinancial Condition, Liquidity and Capital Resources."
REGULATION
We have elected to be regulated as a BDC under the Investment Company Act and have elected to be treated as a RIC under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"). As with other companies regulated by the Investment Company Act, a BDC must adhere to certain substantive regulatory requirements. The Investment Company Act contains prohibitions and restrictions relating to certain transactions between BDCs and certain affiliates (including any investment advisers or sub-advisers), principal underwriters and certain affiliates of those affiliates or underwriters. Among other things, we generally cannot invest in any portfolio company in which a fund managed by Ares or any of its downstream affiliates other than us and our downstream affiliates) currently has an investment (although we may co-invest on a concurrent basis with funds managed by Ares or any of its downstream affiliates, subject to compliance with existing regulatory guidance, applicable regulations and our allocation procedures). Certain types of co-investment transactions would only be permitted pursuant to an exemptive order from the SEC, for which we have applied. Any such order will be subject to certain terms and conditions. Further, there is no assurance that the application for exemptive relief will be granted by the SEC.
The Investment Company Act contains certain restrictions on certain types of investments we may make. Specifically, we may only invest up to 30% of our portfolio in entities that are not considered "eligible portfolio companies" (as defined in the Investment Company Act), including companies located outside of the United States, entities that are operating pursuant to certain exceptions under the Investment Company Act, and publicly traded entities whose public equity market capitalization exceeds the levels provided for under the Investment Company Act.
The Investment Company Act also requires that a majority of our directors be persons other than "interested persons," as that term is defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act, referred to herein as "independent directors." In addition, the Investment Company Act provides that we may not change the nature of our business so as to cease to be, or to withdraw our election as, a BDC unless that change is approved by holders of at least a majority of our outstanding voting securities. Under the Investment Company Act, the vote of holders of at least a "majority of outstanding voting securities" means the vote of the holders of the lesser of: (a) 67% or more of the outstanding shares of our common stock present at a meeting or represented by proxy if holders of more than 50% of the shares of our common stock are present or represented by proxy or (b) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of our common stock.
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We may invest up to 100% of our assets in securities acquired directly from issuers in privately negotiated transactions. With respect to such securities, we may, for the purpose of public resale, be deemed an "underwriter" as that term is defined in the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Securities Act"). Our intention is to not write (sell) or buy put or call options to manage risks associated with the publicly traded securities of our portfolio companies. We may enter into hedging transactions to manage the risks associated with interest rate and currency fluctuations. We may purchase or otherwise receive warrants or options to purchase the common stock of our portfolio companies in connection with acquisition financings or other investments. In connection with such an acquisition, we may acquire rights to require the issuers of acquired securities or their affiliates to repurchase them under certain circumstances.
We also do not intend to acquire securities issued by any investment company that exceed the limits imposed by the Investment Company Act. Under these limits, we generally cannot acquire more than 3% of the voting stock of any investment company (as defined in the Investment Company Act), invest more than 5% of the value of our total assets in the securities of one investment company or invest more than 10% of the value of our total assets in the securities of investment companies in the aggregate. With regard to that portion of our portfolio invested in securities issued by investment companies, it should be noted that such investments might subject our stockholders to additional expenses.
PRIVACY PRINCIPLES
We are committed to maintaining the privacy of our stockholders and to safeguarding their non-public personal information. The following information is provided to help you understand what personal information we collect, how we protect that information and why, in certain cases, we may share information with select other parties.
Generally, we do not receive any non-public personal information relating to our stockholders, although certain non-public personal information of our stockholders may become available to us. The non-public personal information that we may receive falls into the following categories:
We do not disclose any non-public personal information about our stockholders or former stockholders to anyone, except:
When the Company shares non-public stockholder personal information referred to above, the information is made available for limited business purposes and under controlled circumstances designed to protect our stockholders' privacy. The Company does not permit use of stockholder
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information for any non-business or marketing purpose, nor does the Company permit third parties to rent, sell, trade or otherwise release or disclose information to any other party.
The Company's service providers, such as its investment adviser, administrator and transfer agent, are required to maintain physical, electronic, and procedural safeguards to protect stockholder non-public personal information to prevent unauthorized access or use and to dispose of such information when it is no longer required.
Personnel of our affiliates may access stockholder information only for business purposes. The degree of access is based on the sensitivity of the information and on personnel need for the information to service a stockholder's account or comply with legal requirements.
If a stockholder ceases to be a stockholder, we will adhere to the privacy policies and practices as described above. We may choose to modify our privacy policies at any time. Before we do so, we will notify stockholders and provide a description of our privacy policy.
In the event of a corporate change in control resulting from, for example, a sale to, or merger with, another entity, or in the event of a sale of assets, we reserve the right to transfer stockholders' non-public personal information to the new party in control or the party acquiring assets.
AVAILABLE INFORMATION
We file with or submit to the SEC annual, quarterly and current periodic reports, proxy statements and other information meeting the informational requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act"). This information is available free of charge by calling us collect at (310) 201-4200 or on our website at www.arescapitalcorp.com. Information contained on our website is not incorporated into this Annual Report and you should not consider such information to be part of this Annual Report. You also may inspect and copy these reports, proxy statements and other information, as well as the Annual Report and related exhibits and schedules, at the Public Reference Room of the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549, the SEC's Northeast Regional Office at 3 World Financial Center, Suite 400, New York, NY 10281 and the SEC's Midwest Regional Office at 175 W. Jackson Blvd., Suite 900, Chicago, IL 60604. Such information is also available from the EDGAR database on the SEC's web site at http://www.sec.gov. You also can obtain copies of such information, after paying a duplicating fee, by sending a request by e-mail to publicinfo@sec.gov or by writing the SEC's Public Reference Branch, Office of Consumer Affairs and Information Services, Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the SEC's Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090 or (800) SEC-0330.
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You should carefully consider the risk factors described below, together with all of the other information included in this Annual Report, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto, before you decide whether to make an investment in our securities. The risks set out below are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem to be immaterial also may materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and/or operating results. If any of the following events occur, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected. In such case, the net asset value of our common stock and the trading price of our securities could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment.
RISKS RELATING TO OUR BUSINESS
The capital markets may experience periods of disruption and instability. Such market conditions may materially and adversely affect debt and equity capital markets in the United States, which may have a negative impact on our business and operations.
From time to time, capital markets may experience periods of disruption and instability. For example, between 2008 and 2009, the global capital markets were unstable as evidenced by periodic disruptions in liquidity in the debt capital markets, significant write-offs in the financial services sector, the re-pricing of credit risk in the broadly syndicated credit market and the failure of major financial institutions. Despite actions of the U.S. federal government and foreign governments, these events contributed to worsening general economic conditions that materially and adversely impacted the broader financial and credit markets and reduced the availability of debt and equity capital for the market as a whole and financial services firms in particular. While market conditions have experienced relative stability in recent years, there have been continuing periods of volatility and there can be no assurance that adverse market conditions will not repeat themselves or worsen in the future.
Equity capital may be difficult to raise during periods of adverse or volatile market conditions because, subject to some limited exceptions, as a BDC, we are generally not able to issue additional shares of our common stock at a price less than net asset value without first obtaining approval for such issuance from our stockholders and our independent directors. We generally seek approval from our stockholders so that we have the flexibility to issue up to 25% of our then outstanding shares of our common stock at a price below net asset value. Pursuant to approval granted at our 2013 annual stockholders meeting, we currently are permitted to sell or otherwise issue shares of our common stock at a price below net asset value, subject to certain limitations and determinations that must be made by our board of directors. Such stockholder approval expires the earlier of June 4, 2014 and the date of our 2014 annual stockholders meeting.
At times, volatility and dislocation in the capital markets can also create a challenging environment in which to raise or access debt capital. The re-appearance of market conditions similar to those experienced from 2008 through 2009 for any substantial length of time could make it difficult to extend the maturity of or refinance our existing indebtedness or obtain new indebtedness with similar terms and any failure to do so could have a material adverse effect on our business. The debt capital that will be available to us in the future, if at all, may be at a higher cost and on less favorable terms and conditions than what we currently experience. If we are unable to raise or refinance debt, then our equity investors may not benefit from the potential for increased returns on equity resulting from leverage and we may be limited in our ability to make new commitments or to fund existing commitments to our portfolio companies.
Significant changes or volatility in the capital markets may also have a negative effect on the valuations of our investments. While most of our investments are not publicly traded, applicable
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accounting standards require us to assume as part of our valuation process that our investments are sold in a principal market to market participants (even if we plan on holding an investment through its maturity). Significant changes in the capital markets may also affect the pace of our investment activity and the potential for liquidity events involving our investments. Thus, the illiquidity of our investments may make it difficult for us to sell such investments to access capital if required, and as a result, we could realize significantly less than the value at which we have recorded our investments if we were required to sell them for liquidity purposes. An inability to raise or access capital could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Uncertainty about the financial stability of the United States and of several countries in the European Union (EU) could have a significant adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Due to federal budget deficit concerns, S&P downgraded the federal government's credit rating from AAA to AA+ for the first time in history on August 5, 2011. Further, Moody's and Fitch have warned that they may downgrade the federal government's credit rating. Further downgrades or warnings by S&P or other rating agencies, and the United States government's credit and deficit concerns in general, including issues around the federal debt ceiling, could cause interest rates and borrowing costs to rise, which may negatively impact both the perception of credit risk associated with our debt portfolio and our ability to access the debt markets on favorable terms. In addition, a decreased credit rating could create broader financial turmoil and uncertainty, which may weigh heavily on our financial performance and the value of our common stock.
In 2010, a financial crisis emerged in Europe, triggered by high budget deficits and rising direct and contingent sovereign debt in Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain, which created concerns about the ability of these nations to continue to service their sovereign debt obligations. While the financial stability of such countries has improved significantly, risks resulting from any future debt crisis in Europe or any similar crisis could have a detrimental impact on the global economic recovery, sovereign and non-sovereign debt in these countries and the financial condition of European financial institutions. Market and economic disruptions have affected, and may in the future affect, consumer confidence levels and spending, personal bankruptcy rates, levels of incurrence and default on consumer debt and home prices, among other factors. We cannot assure you that market disruptions in Europe, including the increased cost of funding for certain governments and financial institutions, will not impact the global economy, and we cannot assure you that assistance packages will be available, or if available, be sufficient to stabilize countries and markets in Europe or elsewhere affected by a financial crisis. To the extent uncertainty regarding any economic recovery in Europe negatively impacts consumer confidence and consumer credit factors, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be significantly and adversely affected.
On December 18, 2013, the Federal Reserve announced that it would scale back its bond-buying program, or quantitative easing, which is designed to stimulate the economy and expand the Federal Reserve's holdings of long-term securities until key economic indicators, such as the unemployment rate, show signs of improvement. The Federal Reserve signaled it would reduce its purchases of long-term Treasury bonds and would scale back on its purchases of mortgage-backed securities. It is unclear what effect, if any, the incremental reduction in the rate of the Federal Reserve's monthly purchases will have on the value of our investments. However, it is possible that absent continued quantitative easing by the Federal Reserve, these developments, along with the United States government's federal debt ceiling issues and the European sovereign debt crisis, could cause interest rates and borrowing costs to rise, which may negatively impact our ability to access the debt markets on favorable terms.
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A failure on our part to maintain our status as a BDC would significantly reduce our operating flexibility.
If we fail to maintain our status as a BDC, we might be regulated as a closed-end investment company that is required to register under the Investment Company Act, which would subject us to additional regulatory restrictions and significantly decrease our operating flexibility. In addition, any such failure could cause an event of default under our outstanding indebtedness, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
We are dependent upon certain key personnel of Ares for our future success and upon their access to other Ares investment professionals.
We depend on the diligence, skill and network of business contacts of certain key personnel of the Ares Management Direct Lending Group. We also depend, to a significant extent, on access to the investment professionals of other groups within Ares and the information and deal flow generated by Ares' investment professionals in the course of their investment and portfolio management activities. Our future success depends on the continued service of the key personnel of the Ares Management Direct Lending Group. The departure of any of these individuals, or of a significant number of the investment professionals or partners of Ares, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. In addition, we cannot assure you that Ares Capital Management will remain our investment adviser or that we will continue to have access to Ares' investment professionals or its information and deal flow. Further, there can be no assurance that Ares Capital will replicate Ares' historical success, and we caution you that our investment returns could be substantially lower than the returns achieved by other Ares-managed funds.
Our financial condition and results of operations depend on our ability to manage future growth effectively.
Our ability to achieve our investment objective depends on our ability to acquire suitable investments and monitor and administer those investments, which depends, in turn, on our investment adviser's ability to identify, invest in and monitor companies that meet our investment criteria.
Accomplishing this result on a cost-effective basis is largely a function of the structuring of our investment process and the ability of our investment adviser to provide competent, attentive and efficient services to us. Our executive officers and the members of our investment adviser's investment committee have substantial responsibilities in connection with their roles at Ares and with the other Ares funds, as well as responsibilities under the investment advisory and management agreement. They may also be called upon to provide significant managerial assistance to certain of our portfolio companies. These demands on their time, which will increase as the number of investments grow, may distract them or slow the rate of investment. In order to grow, Ares will need to hire, train, supervise, manage and retain new employees. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to do so effectively. Any failure to manage our future growth effectively could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
In addition, as we grow, we may open up new offices in new geographic regions that may increase our direct operating expenses without corresponding revenue growth.
Our ability to grow depends on our ability to raise capital.
We will need to periodically access the capital markets to raise cash to fund new investments in excess of our repayments and, beginning in 2016, we may also need to access the capital markets to refinance existing debt obligations to the extent such maturing obligations are not repaid with cash flows from operations. We have elected to be treated as a RIC and operate in a manner so as to qualify for the U.S. federal income tax treatment applicable to RICs. Among other things, in order to
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maintain our RIC status, we must distribute to our stockholders on a timely basis generally an amount equal to at least 90% of our investment company taxable income, and, as a result, such distributions will not be available to fund investment originations or repay maturing debt. We must continue to borrow from financial institutions and issue additional securities to fund our growth. Unfavorable economic or capital market conditions may increase our funding costs or limit our access to the capital markets, or could result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to us. An inability to successfully access the capital markets could limit our ability to grow our business and fully execute our business strategy and could decrease our earnings, if any.
In addition, with certain limited exceptions, we are only allowed to borrow amounts or issue debt securities or preferred stock, which we refer to collectively as "senior securities," such that our asset coverage, as calculated pursuant to the Investment Company Act, equals at least 200% immediately after such borrowing, which, in certain circumstances, may restrict our ability to borrow or issue debt securities or preferred stock. The amount of leverage that we employ will depend on our investment adviser's and our board of directors' assessments of market and other factors at the time of any proposed borrowing or issuance of senior securities. We cannot assure you that we will be able to maintain our current Facilities, obtain other lines of credit or issue senior securities at all or on terms acceptable to us.
Regulations governing our operation as a BDC affect our ability to, and the way in which we, raise additional capital.
We may issue senior securities or borrow money from banks or other financial institutions, up to the maximum amount permitted by the Investment Company Act. Under the provisions of the Investment Company Act, we are permitted, as a BDC, to incur indebtedness or issue senior securities only in amounts such that our asset coverage, as calculated pursuant to the Investment Company Act, equals at least 200% after each such incurrence or issuance. If the value of our assets declines, we may be unable to satisfy this test, which may prohibit us from paying dividends and could prevent us from maintaining our status as a RIC or may prohibit us from repurchasing shares of our common stock. In addition, our inability to satisfy this test could cause an event of default under our existing indebtedness. If we cannot satisfy this test, we may be required to sell a portion of our investments at a time when such sales may be disadvantageous and, depending on the nature of our leverage, repay a portion of our indebtedness. Accordingly, any failure to satisfy this test could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. As of December 31, 2013, our asset coverage calculated in accordance with the Investment Company Act was 264%. Also, to generate cash for funding new investments, we may in the future seek to issue additional debt or to securitize certain of our loans. The Investment Company Act may impose restrictions on the structure of any such securitization.
We are not generally able to issue and sell our common stock at a price below net asset value per share. We may, however, sell our common stock, or warrants, options or rights to acquire our common stock, at a price below the current net asset value per share of our common stock if our board of directors determines that such sale is in our best interests and the best interests of our stockholders, and our stockholders approve such sale. Any such sale would be dilutive to the net asset value per share of our common stock. In any such case, the price at which our securities are to be issued and sold may not be less than a price that, in the determination of our board of directors, closely approximates the market value of such securities (less any commission or discount). If our common stock trades at a discount to net asset value, this restriction could adversely affect our ability to raise capital.
At our 2013 annual stockholders meeting, subject to certain determinations required to be made by our board of directors, our stockholders approved our ability to sell or otherwise issue shares of our common stock, in an amount not exceeding 25% of our then outstanding common stock, at a price below the then current net asset value per share during a period that began on June 4, 2013 and expires the earlier of June 4, 2014 and the date of our 2014 annual stockholders meeting.
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We borrow money, which magnifies the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested and may increase the risk of investing with us.
Borrowings, also known as leverage, magnify the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested and, therefore, increase the risks associated with investing in our securities. We currently borrow under our Facilities and have issued or assumed other senior securities, and in the future may borrow from, or issue additional senior securities to, banks, insurance companies, funds, institutional investors and other lenders and investors. Lenders and holders of such senior securities have fixed dollar claims on our consolidated assets that are superior to the claims of our common stockholders or any preferred stockholders. If the value of our consolidated assets increases, then leveraging would cause the net asset value per share of our common stock to increase more sharply than it would have had we not incurred leverage.
Conversely, if the value of our consolidated assets decreases, leveraging would cause net asset value to decline more sharply than it otherwise would have had we not incurred leverage. Similarly, any increase in our consolidated income in excess of consolidated interest payable on the borrowed funds would cause our net income to increase more than it would had we not incurred leverage, while any decrease in our consolidated income would cause net income to decline more sharply than it would have had we not incurred leverage. Such a decline could negatively affect our ability to make common stock dividend payments. There can be no assurance that a leveraging strategy will be successful.
As of December 31, 2013, we had approximately $185.0 million of outstanding borrowings under the Facilities, approximately $1,537.5 million in aggregate principal amount outstanding of the Convertible Unsecured Notes and approximately $1,356.3 million in aggregate principal amount outstanding of the Unsecured Notes. In order for us to cover our annual interest payments on our outstanding indebtedness at December 31, 2013, we must achieve annual returns on our December 31, 2013 total assets of at least 2.0%. The weighted average stated interest rate charged on our principal amount of outstanding indebtedness as of December 31, 2013 was 5.3%. We intend to continue borrowing under the Facilities in the future and we may increase the size of the Facilities or issue additional debt securities or other evidences of indebtedness (although there can be no assurance that we will be successful in doing so). Our ability to service our debt depends largely on our financial performance and is subject to prevailing economic conditions and competitive pressures. The amount of leverage that we employ at any particular time will depend on our investment adviser's and our board of directors' assessments of market and other factors at the time of any proposed borrowing.
The Facilities, the Convertible Unsecured Notes and the Unsecured Notes impose financial and operating covenants that restrict our business activities, including limitations that could hinder our ability to finance additional loans and investments or to make the distributions required to maintain our status as a RIC. A failure to renew the Facilities or to add new or replacement debt facilities or to issue additional debt securities or other evidences of indebtedness could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
The following table illustrates the effect on return to a holder of our common stock of the leverage created by our use of borrowing at the weighted average stated interest rate of 5.3% as of December 31, 2013, together with (a) our total value of net assets as of December 31, 2013; (b) approximately $3,078.8 million in aggregate principal amount of indebtedness outstanding as of December 31, 2013 and (c) hypothetical annual returns on our portfolio of minus 15% to plus 15%.
Assumed Return on Portfolio (Net of Expenses)(1) |
-15 | % | -10 | % | -5 | % | 0 | % | 5 | % | 10 | % | 15 | % | ||||||||
Corresponding Return to Common Stockholders(2) |
-28 | % | -20 | % | -12 | % | -3 | % | 5 | % | 13 | % | 22 | % |
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those appearing in the table. Pursuant to SEC regulations, this table is calculated as of December 31, 2013. As a result, it has not been updated to take into account any changes in assets or leverage since December 31, 2013.
In addition to regulatory requirements that restrict our ability to raise capital, the Facilities, the Convertible Unsecured Notes and the Unsecured Notes contain various covenants that, if not complied with, could accelerate repayment under the Facilities, the Convertible Unsecured Notes and the Unsecured Notes, thereby materially and adversely affecting our liquidity, financial condition and results of operations.
The agreements governing the Facilities, the Convertible Unsecured Notes and the Unsecured Notes require us to comply with certain financial and operational covenants. These covenants may include, among other things:
As of the date of this Annual Report, we are in compliance in all material respects with the covenants of the Facilities, the Convertible Unsecured Notes and the Unsecured Notes. However, our continued compliance with these covenants depends on many factors, some of which are beyond our control. For example, depending on the condition of the public debt and equity markets and pricing levels, unrealized depreciation in our portfolio may increase in the future. Any such increase could result in our inability to comply with our obligation to restrict the level of indebtedness that we are able to incur in relation to the value of our assets or to maintain a minimum level of stockholders' equity.
Accordingly, although we believe we will continue to be in compliance, there are no assurances that we will continue to comply with the covenants in the Facilities, the Convertible Unsecured Notes and the Unsecured Notes. Failure to comply with these covenants could result in a default under the Facilities, the Convertible Unsecured Notes or the Unsecured Notes that, if we were unable to obtain a waiver from the lenders or holders of such indebtedness, as applicable, such lenders or holders could accelerate repayment under such indebtedness and thereby have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We operate in a highly competitive market for investment opportunities.
A number of entities compete with us to make the types of investments that we make in middle-market companies. We compete with other BDCs, public and private funds, commercial and investment banks, commercial financing companies, insurance companies, hedge funds, and, to the extent they provide an alternative form of financing, private equity funds. Many of our competitors are substantially larger and have considerably greater financial, technical and marketing resources than we do. Some competitors may have a lower cost of funds and access to funding sources that are not available to us. In addition, some of our competitors may have higher risk tolerances or different risk
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assessments, which could allow them to consider a wider variety of investments and establish more relationships than us. Furthermore, many of our competitors are not subject to the regulatory restrictions that the Investment Company Act imposes on us as a BDC and that the Code imposes on us as a RIC. We cannot assure you that the competitive pressures we face will not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Also, as a result of this competition, we may not be able to pursue attractive investment opportunities from time to time.
We do not seek to compete primarily based on the interest rates we offer and we believe that some of our competitors may make loans with interest rates that are comparable to or lower than the rates we offer. Rather, we compete with our competitors based on our existing investment platform, seasoned investment professionals, experience and focus on middle-market companies, disciplined investment philosophy, extensive industry focus and flexible transaction structuring. For a more detailed discussion of these competitive advantages, see "BusinessCompetitive Advantages."
We may lose investment opportunities if we do not match our competitors' pricing, terms and structure. If we match our competitors' pricing, terms and structure, we may experience decreased net interest income and increased risk of credit loss. As a result of operating in such a competitive environment, we may make investments that are on less favorable terms than what we may have originally anticipated, which may impact our return on these investments.
We may be subject to additional corporate-level income taxes if we fail to maintain our status as a RIC.
We have elected to be treated as a RIC under the Code and operate in a manner so as to qualify for the U.S. federal income tax treatment applicable to RICs. As a RIC, we generally will not pay U.S. federal corporate-level income taxes on our income and net capital gains that we distribute to our stockholders as dividends on a timely basis. We will be subject to U.S. federal corporate-level income tax on any undistributed income and/or gains. To maintain our status as a RIC, we must meet certain source of income, asset diversification and annual distribution requirements. We may also be subject to certain U.S. federal excise taxes, as well as state, local and foreign taxes.
To satisfy the annual distribution requirement applicable to RICs, we must distribute to our stockholders on a timely basis generally an amount equal to at least 90% of our investment company taxable income for each year. We have the ability to pay a large portion of our dividends in shares of our stock, and as long as a portion of such dividend is paid in cash and other requirements are met, such stock dividends will be taxable as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes. This may result in our U.S. stockholders having to pay tax on such dividends, even if no cash is received, and may result in our non-U.S. stockholders being subject to withholding tax in respect of amounts distributed in our stock. Because we use debt financing, we are subject to certain asset coverage ratio requirements under the Investment Company Act and financial covenants under our indebtedness that could, under certain circumstances, restrict us from making distributions necessary to qualify as a RIC. If we are unable to obtain cash from other sources, we may fail to maintain our status as a RIC and, thus, may be subject to corporate-level income tax on all of our income and/or gains.
To maintain our status as a RIC, in addition to the annual distribution requirement applicable to RICs, we must also meet certain annual source of income requirements at the end of each taxable year and asset diversification requirements at the end of each calendar quarter. Failure to meet these requirements may result in our having to (a) dispose of certain investments quickly or (b) raise additional capital to prevent the loss of RIC status. Because most of our investments are in private companies and are generally illiquid, any such dispositions may be at disadvantageous prices and may result in losses. Also, the rules applicable to our qualification as a RIC are complex with many areas of uncertainty. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that we have qualified or will continue to qualify as a RIC. If we fail to maintain our status as a RIC for any reason and become subject to regular "C"
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corporation income tax, the resulting corporate-level income taxes could substantially reduce our net assets, the amount of income available for distribution and the amount of our distributions. Such a failure would have a material adverse effect on us and on any investment in us. The "Regulated Investment Company Modernization Act of 2010," which is effective for 2011 and later tax years, provides some relief from RIC disqualification due to failures of the source of income and asset diversification requirements, although there may be additional taxes due in such cases. We cannot assure you that we would qualify for any such relief should we fail the source of income or asset diversification requirements.
We may have difficulty paying our required distributions under applicable tax rules if we recognize income before or without receiving cash representing such income.
For U.S. federal income tax purposes, we generally are required to include in income certain amounts that we have not yet received in cash, such as original issue discount, which may arise, for example, if we receive warrants in connection with the making of a loan or payment-in-kind ("PIK") interest representing contractual interest added to the loan principal balance and due at the end of the loan term. Such original issue discount or PIK interest is included in income before we receive any corresponding cash payments. We also may be required to include in income certain other amounts that we will not receive in cash, including, for example, amounts attributable to hedging and foreign currency transactions or cancellation of indebtedness income resulting from a restructuring of an investment in debt securities.
Since, in certain cases, we may recognize income before or without receiving cash in respect of such income, we may have difficulty meeting the U.S. federal income tax requirement to distribute generally an amount equal to at least 90% of our investment company taxable income to maintain our status as a RIC. Accordingly, we may have to sell some of our investments at times we would not consider advantageous, raise additional debt or equity capital or reduce new investment originations to meet these distribution requirements. If we are not able to obtain cash from other sources, we may fail to qualify as a RIC and thus be subject to additional corporate-level income taxes. Such a failure would have a material adverse effect on us and on any investment in us.
We are exposed to risks associated with changes in interest rates.
General interest rate fluctuations may have a substantial negative impact on our investments and investment opportunities and, accordingly, may have a material adverse effect on our investment objective and rate of return on invested capital. Because we borrow money and may issue debt securities or preferred stock to make investments, our net investment income is dependent upon the difference between the rate at which we borrow funds or pay interest or dividends on such debt securities or preferred stock and the rate at which we invest these funds. As a result, there can be no assurance that a significant change in market interest rates will not have a material adverse effect on our net investment income.
Trading prices for debt that pays a fixed rate of return tend to fall as interest rates rise. Trading prices tend to fluctuate more for fixed-rate securities that have longer maturities. In the past, we have entered into certain hedging transactions, such as interest rate swap agreements, to mitigate our exposure to adverse fluctuations in interest rates, and we may do so again in the future. In addition, we may increase our floating rate investments to position the portfolio for rate increases. However, we cannot assure you that such transactions will be successful in mitigating our exposure to interest rate risk. Hedging transactions may also limit our ability to participate in the benefits of lower interest rates with respect to our portfolio investments.
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Although we have no policy governing the maturities of our investments, under current market conditions we expect that we will invest in a portfolio of debt generally having maturities of up to 10 years. This means that we are subject to greater risk (other things being equal) than a fund invested solely in shorter-term securities. A decline in the prices of the debt we own could adversely affect the trading price of our common stock. Also, an increase in interest rates available to investors could make an investment in our common stock less attractive if we are not able to increase our dividend rate, which could reduce the value of our common stock.
Most of our portfolio investments are not publicly traded and, as a result, the fair value of these investments may not be readily determinable.
A large percentage of our portfolio investments are not publicly traded. The fair value of investments that are not publicly traded may not be readily determinable. We value these investments quarterly at fair value as determined in good faith by our board of directors based on, among other things, the input of our management and audit committee and independent valuation firms that have been engaged at the direction of our board of directors to assist in the valuation of each portfolio investment without a readily available market quotation at least once during a trailing 12-month period (with certain de minimis exceptions). The valuation process is conducted at the end of each fiscal quarter, with a minimum of 50% (based on value) of our valuations of portfolio companies without readily available market quotations subject to review by an independent valuation firm each quarter. However, we may use these independent valuation firms to review the value of our investments more frequently, including in connection with the occurrence of significant events or changes in value affecting a particular investment. In addition, our independent registered public accounting firm obtains an understanding of, and performs select procedures relating to, our investment valuation process within the context of performing the integrated audit.
The types of factors that may be considered in valuing our investments include the enterprise value of the portfolio company (the entire value of the portfolio company to a market participant, including the sum of the values of debt and equity securities used to capitalize the enterprise at a point in time), the nature and realizable value of any collateral, the portfolio company's ability to make payments and its earnings and discounted cash flows, the markets in which the portfolio company does business, a comparison of the portfolio company's securities to similar publicly traded securities, changes in the interest rate environment and the credit markets generally that may affect the price at which similar investments would trade in their principal markets and other relevant factors. When an external event such as a purchase transaction, public offering or subsequent equity sale occurs, we consider the pricing indicated by the external event to corroborate our valuation. Because such valuations, and particularly valuations of private investments and private companies, are inherently uncertain, may fluctuate over short periods of time and may be based on estimates, our determinations of fair value may differ materially from the values that would have been used if a ready market for these investments existed and may differ materially from the values that we may ultimately realize. Our net asset value per share could be adversely affected if our determinations regarding the fair value of these investments are materially higher than the values that we realize upon disposition of such investments.
The lack of liquidity in our investments may adversely affect our business.
As we generally make investments in private companies, substantially all of these investments are subject to legal and other restrictions on resale or are otherwise less liquid than publicly traded securities. The illiquidity of our investments may make it difficult for us to sell such investments if the need arises. In addition, if we are required to liquidate all or a portion of our portfolio quickly, we could realize significantly less than the value at which we have recorded our investments. In addition, we may face other restrictions on our ability to liquidate an investment in a portfolio company to the
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extent that we or an affiliated manager of Ares has material non-public information regarding such portfolio company.
We may experience fluctuations in our quarterly results.
We could experience fluctuations in our quarterly operating results due to a number of factors, including the interest rates payable on the debt investments we make, the default rates on such investments, the level of our expenses, variations in and the timing of the recognition of realized and unrealized gains or losses, the degree to which we encounter competition in our markets and general economic conditions. As a result of these factors, results for any period should not be relied upon as being indicative of performance in future periods.
Our financial condition and results of operations could be negatively affected if a significant investment fails to perform as expected.
Our investment portfolio includes investments that may be significant individually or in the aggregate. If a significant investment in one or more companies fails to perform as expected, such a failure could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations, and the magnitude of such effect could be more significant than if we had further diversified our portfolio.
Our investment portfolio includes our investment in the SSLP, which as of December 31, 2013, represented approximately 23% of our total portfolio at fair value. In addition, for the year ended December 31, 2013, approximately 33% of our total investment income was earned from our investment in the SSLP. The income earned from the SSLP is derived from the interest and fee income earned by the SSLP from its investments in first lien senior secured loans of middle market companies. We provide capital to the SSLP in the form of subordinated certificates (the "SSLP Certificates"), which had a 14.8% yield at fair value as of December 31, 2013 and are junior in right of payment to the senior notes held by GE in the SSLP. For more information on the SSLP, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsPortfolio and Investment ActivitySenior Secured Loan Program." Our return on and repayment of our investment in the SSLP Certificates depends on the performance of the loans in the SSLP's portfolio in the aggregate. Accordingly, any material degradation in the performance of the loans in the SSLP's portfolio in the aggregate would have a negative effect on the yield on our SSLP Certificates and could ultimately result in the loss of some or all of our investment in the SSLP Certificates.
There are significant potential conflicts of interest that could impact our investment returns.
Certain of our executive officers and directors, and members of the investment committee of our investment adviser, serve or may serve as officers, directors or principals of other entities and affiliates of our investment adviser and investment funds managed by our affiliates. Accordingly, they may have obligations to investors in those entities, the fulfillment of which might not be in our or our stockholders' best interests or may require them to devote time to services for other entities, which could interfere with the time available to provide services to us. Certain members of our investment adviser's investment committee have significant responsibilities for other Ares funds. For example, Mr. Rosenthal is required to devote a substantial majority of his business time to the affairs of the Ares Management Private Equity Group. Similarly, although the professional staff of our investment adviser will devote as much time to the management of the Company as appropriate to enable our investment adviser to perform its duties in accordance with the investment advisory and management agreement, the investment professionals of our investment adviser may have conflicts in allocating their time and services among the Company, on the one hand, and investment vehicles managed by Ares or one or more of its affiliates, on the other hand. These activities could be viewed as creating a conflict of interest insofar as the time and effort of the professional staff of our investment adviser and its officers and employees will not be devoted exclusively to the business of the Company but will instead
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be allocated between the business of the Company and the management of these other investment vehicles. However, Ares believes that the efforts of such individuals are synergistic with and beneficial to the affairs of Ares Capital and these other investment vehicles managed by Ares or its affiliates.
In addition, certain Ares funds may have investment objectives that compete or overlap with, and may from time to time invest in asset classes similar to those targeted by, Ares Capital. Consequently, we, on the one hand, and these other entities, on the other hand, may from time to time pursue the same or similar capital and investment opportunities. Ares and our investment adviser endeavor to allocate investment opportunities in a fair and equitable manner, and in any event consistent with any fiduciary duties owed to Ares Capital. Nevertheless, it is possible that we may not be given the opportunity to participate in certain investments made by investment funds managed by investment managers affiliated with Ares. In addition, there may be conflicts in the allocation of investment opportunities among us and the funds managed by investment managers affiliated with Ares or one or more of our controlled affiliates or among the funds they manage.
We have from time to time sold assets to certain of the vehicles managed by IHAM and, as part of our investment strategy, we may offer to sell additional assets to vehicles managed by one or more of our controlled affiliates (including IHAM) or we may purchase assets from vehicles managed by one or more of our controlled affiliates. In addition, vehicles managed by one or more of our controlled affiliates (including IHAM) may offer assets to or may purchase assets from one another. While assets may be sold or purchased at prices that are consistent with those that could be obtained from third parties in the marketplace, and although these types of transactions generally require approval of one or more independent parties, there may be an inherent conflict of interest in such transactions between us and funds managed by one of our controlled affiliates.
We pay management and incentive fees to our investment adviser, and reimburse our investment adviser for certain expenses it incurs. In addition, investors in our common stock will invest on a gross basis and receive distributions on a net basis after expenses, resulting in, among other things, a lower rate of return than one might achieve if distributions were made on a gross basis.
Our investment adviser's base management fee is based on a percentage of our total assets (other than cash or cash equivalents but including assets purchased with borrowed funds) and, consequently, our investment adviser may have conflicts of interest in connection with decisions that could affect our total assets, such as decisions as to whether to incur indebtedness or to make future investments.
The part of the incentive fee payable by us to our investment adviser that relates to our pre-incentive fee net investment income is computed and paid on income that may include interest that is accrued but not yet received in cash. If a portfolio company defaults on a loan that is structured to provide accrued interest, it is possible that accrued interest previously used in the calculation of the incentive fee will become uncollectible. Our investment adviser is not under any obligation to reimburse us for any part of the incentive fee it received that was based on accrued interest that we never actually receive.
Our investment advisory and management agreement renews for successive annual periods if approved by our board of directors or by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of our outstanding voting securities, including, in either case, approval by a majority of our directors who are not "interested persons" of the Company as defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act. However, both we and our investment adviser have the right to terminate the agreement without penalty upon 60 days' written notice to the other party. Moreover, conflicts of interest may arise if our investment adviser seeks to change the terms of our investment advisory and management agreement, including, for example, the terms for compensation. While any material change to the investment advisory and management agreement must be submitted to stockholders for approval under the Investment Company Act, we may from time to time decide it is appropriate to seek stockholder approval to change the terms of the agreement.
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We are party to an administration agreement with our administrator, Ares Operations, a wholly owned subsidiary of Ares Management, pursuant to which our administrator furnishes us with administrative services and we pay our administrator at cost our allocable portion of overhead and other expenses (including travel expenses) incurred by our administrator in performing its obligations under our administration agreement, including our allocable portion of the cost of certain of our officers (including our chief compliance officer, chief financial officer, chief accounting officer, general counsel, secretary and treasurer) and their respective staffs, but not investment professionals.
Our portfolio company, IHAM, is party to an administration agreement, referred to herein as the "IHAM administration agreement," with Ares Operations. Pursuant to the IHAM administration agreement, our administrator provides IHAM with administrative services and IHAM reimburses our administrator for all of the actual costs associated with such services, including its allocable portion of our administrator's overhead and the cost of our administrator's officers and respective staff in performing its obligations under the IHAM administration agreement. Prior to entering into the IHAM administration agreement, IHAM was party to a services agreement with our investment adviser, pursuant to which our investment adviser provided similar services.
As a result of the arrangements described above, there may be times when the management team of Ares (including those members of management focused primarily on managing Ares Capital) has interests that differ from those of yours, giving rise to a conflict.
Our stockholders may have conflicting investment, tax and other objectives with respect to their investments in us. The conflicting interests of individual stockholders may relate to or arise from, among other things, the nature of our investments, the structure or the acquisition of our investments, and the timing of dispositions of our investments. As a consequence, conflicts of interest may arise in connection with decisions made by our investment adviser, including with respect to the nature or structuring of our investments, that may be more beneficial for one stockholder than for another stockholder, especially with respect to stockholders' individual tax situations. In selecting and structuring investments appropriate for us, our investment adviser will consider the investment and tax objectives of the Company and our stockholders, as a whole, not the investment, tax or other objectives of any stockholder individually.
We are dependent on information systems and systems failures could significantly disrupt our business, which may, in turn, negatively affect our liquidity, financial condition or results of operations.
Our business is dependent on our and third parties' communications and information systems. Any failure or interruption of those systems, including as a result of the termination of an agreement with any third-party service providers, could cause delays or other problems in our activities. Our financial, accounting, data processing, backup or other operating systems and facilities may fail to operate properly or become disabled or damaged as a result of a number of factors including events that are wholly or partially beyond our control and adversely affect our business. There could be:
These events, in turn, could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and negatively affect the market price of our common stock and our ability to pay dividends to our stockholders.
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Changes in laws or regulations governing our operations or the operations of our portfolio companies, changes in the interpretation thereof or newly enacted laws or regulations, such as the Dodd-Frank Act, and any failure by us or our portfolio companies to comply with these laws or regulations, could require changes to certain business practices of us or our portfolio companies, negatively impact the operations, cash flows or financial condition of us or our portfolio companies, impose additional costs on us or our portfolio companies or otherwise adversely affect our business or the business of our portfolio companies.
We and our portfolio companies are subject to regulation by laws and regulations at the local, state, federal and, in some cases, foreign levels. These laws and regulations, as well as their interpretation, may be changed from time to time, and new laws and regulations may be enacted. Accordingly, any change in these laws or regulations, changes in their interpretation, or newly enacted laws or regulations and any failure by us or our portfolio companies to comply with these laws or regulations, could require changes to certain business practices of us or our portfolio companies, negatively impact the operations, cash flows or financial condition of us or our portfolio companies, impose additional costs on us or our portfolio companies or otherwise adversely affect our business or the business of our portfolio companies.
On July 21, 2010, President Obama signed into law the Dodd-Frank Act. Many of the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act have had extended implementation periods and delayed effective dates and have required extensive rulemaking by regulatory authorities. While many of the rules required to be written have been promulgated, some have not yet been implemented. Although the full impact of the Dodd-Frank Act on us and our portfolio companies may not be known for an extended period of time, the Dodd-Frank Act, including the rules implementing its provisions and the interpretation of those rules, along with other legislative and regulatory proposals directed at the financial services industry or affecting taxation that are proposed or pending in the U.S. Congress, may negatively impact the operations, cash flows or financial condition of us or our portfolio companies, impose additional costs on us or our portfolio companies, intensify the regulatory supervision of us or our portfolio companies or otherwise adversely affect our business or the business of our portfolio companies.
Over the last several years, there also has been an increase in regulatory attention to the extension of credit outside of the traditional banking sector, raising the possibility that some portion of the non-bank financial sector will be subject to new regulation. While it cannot be known at this time whether any regulation will be implemented or what form it will take, increased regulation of non-bank credit extension could negatively impact our operations, cash flows or financial condition, impose additional costs on us, intensify the regulatory supervision of us or otherwise adversely affect our business.
Our investment adviser's liability is limited under the investment advisory and management agreement, and we are required to indemnify our investment adviser against certain liabilities, which may lead our investment adviser to act in a riskier manner on our behalf than it would when acting for its own account.
Our investment adviser has not assumed any responsibility to us other than to render the services described in the investment advisory and management agreement, and it will not be responsible for any action of our board of directors in declining to follow our investment adviser's advice or recommendations. Pursuant to the investment advisory and management agreement, our investment adviser and its members and their respective officers, managers, partners, agents, employees, controlling persons and members and any other person or entity affiliated with it will not be liable to us for their acts under the investment advisory and management agreement, absent willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard in the performance of their duties. We have agreed to indemnify, defend and protect our investment adviser and its members and their respective officers, managers, partners, agents, employees, controlling persons and members and any other person or entity affiliated
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with it with respect to all damages, liabilities, costs and expenses resulting from acts of our investment adviser not arising out of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard in the performance of their duties under the investment advisory and management agreement. These protections may lead our investment adviser to act in a riskier manner when acting on our behalf than it would when acting for its own account. See "Risk FactorsRisks Relating to Our InvestmentsOur investment adviser's incentive fee may induce it to make certain investments, including speculative investments."
We may be obligated to pay our investment adviser incentive compensation even if we incur a loss.
Our investment adviser is entitled to incentive compensation for each fiscal quarter in an amount equal to a percentage of the excess of our pre-incentive fee net investment income for that quarter (before deducting incentive compensation and certain other items) above a threshold return for that quarter. Our pre-incentive fee net investment income for incentive compensation purposes excludes realized and unrealized capital losses or depreciation and income taxes related to realized gains that we may incur in the fiscal quarter, even if such capital losses or depreciation and income taxes related to realized gains result in a net loss on our statement of operations for that quarter. Thus, we may be required to pay our investment adviser incentive compensation for a fiscal quarter even if there is a decline in the value of our portfolio or we incur a net loss for that quarter.
Under the investment advisory and management agreement, we will defer cash payment of any incentive fee otherwise earned by our investment adviser if, during the most recent four full calendar quarter periods ending on or prior to the date such payment is to be made, the sum of (a) our aggregate distributions to our stockholders and (b) our change in net assets (defined as total assets less indebtedness and before taking into account any incentive fees payable during the period) is less than 7.0% of our net assets (defined as total assets less indebtedness) at the beginning of such period. These calculations will be adjusted for any share issuances or repurchases. Any deferred incentive fees will be carried over for payment in subsequent calculation periods to the extent such payment can then be made under the investment advisory and management agreement.
If a portfolio company defaults on a loan that is structured to provide accrued interest, it is possible that accrued interest previously used in the calculation of the incentive fee will become uncollectible. Our investment adviser is not under any obligation to reimburse us for any part of the incentive fee it received that was based on accrued income that we never receive as a result of a default on the obligation that resulted in the accrual of such income.
RISKS RELATING TO OUR INVESTMENTS
Declines in market prices and liquidity in the corporate debt markets can result in significant net unrealized depreciation of our portfolio, which in turn would reduce our net asset value.
As a BDC, we are required to carry our investments at market value or, if no market value is ascertainable, at fair value as determined in good faith by or under the direction of our board of directors. We may take into account the following types of factors, if relevant, in determining the fair value of our investments: the enterprise value of a portfolio company (the entire value of the portfolio company to a market participant, including the sum of the values of debt and equity securities used to capitalize the enterprise at a point in time), the nature and realizable value of any collateral, the portfolio company's ability to make payments and its earnings and discounted cash flow, the markets in which the portfolio company does business, a comparison of the portfolio company's securities to similar publicly traded securities, changes in the interest rate environment and the credit markets generally that may affect the price at which similar investments would trade in their principal markets and other relevant factors. When an external event such as a purchase transaction, public offering or subsequent equity sale occurs, we use the pricing indicated by the external event to corroborate our
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valuation. While most of our investments are not publicly traded, applicable accounting standards require us to assume as part of our valuation process that our investments are sold in a principal market to market participants (even if we plan on holding an investment through its maturity). As a result, volatility in the capital markets can also adversely affect our investment valuations. Decreases in the market values or fair values of our investments are recorded as unrealized depreciation. The effect of all of these factors on our portfolio can reduce our net asset value by increasing net unrealized depreciation in our portfolio. Depending on market conditions, we could incur substantial realized losses and may suffer unrealized losses, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.
Economic recessions or downturns could impair our portfolio companies and harm our operating results.
Many of our portfolio companies may be susceptible to economic downturns or recessions (including the economic downturn that occurred from 2008 through 2009) and may be unable to repay our loans during these periods. Therefore, during these periods our non-performing assets may increase and the value of our portfolio may decrease if we are required to write down the values of our investments. Adverse economic conditions may also decrease the value of collateral securing some of our loans and the value of our equity investments. Economic slowdowns or recessions could lead to financial losses in our portfolio and a decrease in revenues, net income and assets. Unfavorable economic conditions also could increase our funding costs, limit our access to the capital markets or result in a decision by lenders not to extend credit to us. These events could prevent us from increasing investments and harm our operating results. We experienced to some extent such effects as a result of the economic downturn that occurred from 2008 through 2009 and may experience such effects again in any future downturn or recession.
A portfolio company's failure to satisfy financial or operating covenants imposed by us or other lenders could lead to defaults and, potentially, acceleration of the time when the loans are due and foreclosure on its assets representing collateral for its obligations, which could trigger cross defaults under other agreements and jeopardize our portfolio company's ability to meet its obligations under the debt that we hold and the value of any equity securities we own. We may incur expenses to the extent necessary to seek recovery upon default or to negotiate new terms with a defaulting portfolio company.
Investments in privately held middle-market companies involve significant risks.
We primarily invest in privately held U.S. middle-market companies. Investments in privately held middle-market companies involve a number of significant risks, including the following:
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companies, which may prevent us from making a fully informed investment decision and cause us to lose money on our investments;
Our debt investments may be risky and we could lose all or part of our investment.
The debt that we invest in is typically not initially rated by any rating agency, but we believe that if such investments were rated, they would be below investment grade (rated lower than "Baa3" by Moody's Investors Service, lower than "BBB-" by Fitch Ratings or lower than "BBB-" by Standard & Poor's Ratings Services), which under the guidelines established by these entities is an indication of having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the issuer's capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Bonds that are rated below investment grade are sometimes referred to as "high yield bonds" or "junk bonds." Therefore, our investments may result in an above average amount of risk and volatility or loss of principal. While the debt we invest in is often secured, such security does not guarantee that we will receive principal and interest payments according to the terms of the loan, or that the value of any collateral will be sufficient to allow us to recover all or a portion of the outstanding amount of the loan should we be forced to enforce our remedies.
We also may invest in assets other than first and second lien and mezzanine debt investments, including high-yield securities, U.S. government securities, credit derivatives and other structured securities and certain direct equity investments. These investments entail additional risks that could adversely affect our investment returns.
Investments in equity securities, many of which are illiquid with no readily available market, involve a substantial degree of risk.
We may purchase common and other equity securities. Although common stock has historically generated higher average total returns than fixed income securities over the long-term, common stock also has experienced significantly more volatility in those returns. The equity securities we acquire may fail to appreciate and may decline in value or become worthless and our ability to recover our investment will depend on our portfolio company's success. Investments in equity securities involve a number of significant risks, including:
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realize the value of our investment may be dependent on the occurrence of a liquidity event, such as a public offering or the sale of the portfolio company. It is likely to take a significant amount of time before a liquidity event occurs or we can otherwise sell our investment. In addition, the equity securities we receive or invest in may be subject to restrictions on resale during periods in which it could be advantageous to sell them.
There are special risks associated with investing in preferred securities, including:
Additionally, when we invest in first lien senior secured loans (including unitranche loans), second lien senior secured loans or mezzanine debt, we may acquire warrants or other equity securities as well. Our goal is ultimately to dispose of such equity interests and realize gains upon our disposition of such interests. However, the equity interests we receive may not appreciate in value and, in fact, may decline in value. Accordingly, we may not be able to realize gains from our equity interests and any gains that we do realize on the disposition of any equity interests may not be sufficient to offset any other losses we experience.
We may invest, to the extent permitted by law, in the equity securities of investment funds that are operating pursuant to certain exceptions to the Investment Company Act and in advisers to similar investment funds and, to the extent we so invest, will bear our ratable share of any such company's expenses, including management and performance fees. We will also remain obligated to pay base management and incentive fees to Ares Capital Management with respect to the assets invested in the securities and instruments of such companies. With respect to each of these investments, each of our common stockholders will bear his or her share of the base management and incentive fee due to Ares Capital Management as well as indirectly bearing the management and performance fees and other expenses of any such investment funds or advisers.
There may be circumstances in which our debt investments could be subordinated to claims of other creditors or we could be subject to lender liability claims.
If one of our portfolio companies were to go bankrupt, even though we may have structured our interest as senior debt, depending on the facts and circumstances, a bankruptcy court might recharacterize our debt holding as an equity investment and subordinate all or a portion of our claim to that of other creditors. In addition, lenders can be subject to lender liability claims for actions taken by them where they become too involved in the borrower's business or exercise control over the borrower. For example, we could become subject to a lender's liability claim, if, among other things, we actually render significant managerial assistance.
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Our portfolio companies may incur debt or issue equity securities that rank equally with, or senior to, our investments in such companies.
Our portfolio companies may have, or may be permitted to incur, other debt, or issue other equity securities, that rank equally with, or senior to, our investments. By their terms, such instruments may provide that the holders are entitled to receive payment of dividends, interest or principal on or before the dates on which we are entitled to receive payments in respect of our investments. These debt instruments would usually prohibit the portfolio companies from paying interest on or repaying our investments in the event and during the continuance of a default under such debt. Also, in the event of insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of a portfolio company, holders of securities ranking senior to our investment in that portfolio company typically are entitled to receive payment in full before we receive any distribution in respect of our investment. After repaying such holders, the portfolio company may not have any remaining assets to use for repaying its obligation to us. In the case of securities ranking equally with our investments, we would have to share on an equal basis any distributions with other security holders in the event of an insolvency, liquidation, dissolution, reorganization or bankruptcy of the relevant portfolio company.
The rights we may have with respect to the collateral securing any junior priority loans we make to our portfolio companies may also be limited pursuant to the terms of one or more intercreditor agreements (including agreements governing "first out" and "last out" structures) that we enter into with the holders of senior debt. Under such an intercreditor agreement, at any time that senior obligations are outstanding, we may forfeit certain rights with respect to the collateral to the holders of the senior obligations. These rights may include the right to commence enforcement proceedings against the collateral, the right to control the conduct of such enforcement proceedings, the right to approve amendments to collateral documents, the right to release liens on the collateral and the right to waive past defaults under collateral documents. We may not have the ability to control or direct such actions, even if as a result our rights as junior lenders are adversely affected.
When we are a debt or minority equity investor in a portfolio company, we are often not in a position to exert influence on the entity, and other equity holders and management of the company may make decisions that could decrease the value of our portfolio holdings.
When we make debt or minority equity investments, we are subject to the risk that a portfolio company may make business decisions with which we disagree and the other equity holders and management of such company may take risks or otherwise act in ways that do not serve our interests. As a result, a portfolio company may make decisions that could decrease the value of our investment.
Our portfolio companies may be highly leveraged.
Some of our portfolio companies may be highly leveraged, which may have adverse consequences to these companies and to us as an investor. These companies may be subject to restrictive financial and operating covenants and the leverage may impair these companies' ability to finance their future operations and capital needs. As a result, these companies' flexibility to respond to changing business and economic conditions and to take advantage of business opportunities may be limited. Further, a leveraged company's income and net assets will tend to increase or decrease at a greater rate than if borrowed money were not used.
Our investment adviser's incentive fee may induce it to make certain investments, including speculative investments.
The incentive fee payable by us to Ares Capital Management may create an incentive for Ares Capital Management to make investments on our behalf that are risky or more speculative than would be the case in the absence of such compensation arrangement. The way in which the incentive fee
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payable to our investment adviser is determined, which is calculated as a percentage of the return on invested capital, may encourage our investment adviser to use leverage to increase the return on our investments. Under certain circumstances, the use of leverage may increase the likelihood of default, which would disfavor the holders of our common stock and the holders of securities convertible into our common stock. In addition, our investment adviser will receive the incentive fee based, in part, upon net capital gains realized on our investments. Unlike the portion of the incentive fee based on income, there is no hurdle rate applicable to the portion of the incentive fee based on net capital gains. As a result, our investment adviser may have a tendency to invest more in investments that are likely to result in capital gains as compared to income producing securities. Such a practice could result in our investing in more speculative securities than would otherwise be the case, which could result in higher investment losses, particularly during economic downturns.
The part of the incentive fee payable by us that relates to our pre-incentive fee net investment income will be computed and paid on income that may include interest that is accrued but not yet received in cash. If a portfolio company defaults on a loan that is structured to provide accrued interest, it is possible that accrued interest previously used in the calculation of the incentive fee will become uncollectible. Our investment adviser is not under any obligation to reimburse us for any part of the incentive fee it received that was based on such accrued interest that we never actually receive.
Because of the structure of the incentive fee, it is possible that we may have to pay an incentive fee in a quarter during which we incur a loss. For example, if we receive pre-incentive fee net investment income in excess of the hurdle rate for a quarter, we will pay the applicable incentive fee even if we have incurred a loss in that quarter due to realized and/or unrealized capital losses. In addition, if market interest rates rise, we may be able to invest our funds in debt instruments that provide for a higher return, which would increase our pre-incentive fee net investment income and make it easier for our investment adviser to surpass the fixed hurdle rate and receive an incentive fee based on such net investment income.
Our investments in foreign companies may involve significant risks in addition to the risks inherent in U.S. investments.
Our investment strategy contemplates potential investments in foreign companies. Investing in foreign companies may expose us to additional risks not typically associated with investing in U.S. companies. These risks include changes in exchange control regulations, political and social instability, expropriation, imposition of foreign taxes (potentially at confiscatory levels), less liquid markets, less available information than is generally the case in the United States, higher transaction costs, less government supervision of exchanges, brokers and issuers, less developed bankruptcy laws, difficulty in enforcing contractual obligations, lack of uniform accounting and auditing standards and greater price volatility.
Although most of our investments will be U.S. dollar denominated, our investments that are denominated in a foreign currency will be subject to the risk that the value of a particular currency will change in relation to one or more other currencies. Among the factors that may affect currency values are trade balances, the level of short-term interest rates, differences in relative values of similar assets in different currencies, long-term opportunities for investment and capital appreciation and political developments. We may employ hedging techniques to minimize these risks, but we cannot assure you that such strategies will be effective or without risk to us.
We may expose ourselves to risks if we engage in hedging transactions.
We have and may in the future enter into hedging transactions, which may expose us to risks associated with such transactions. We may utilize instruments such as forward contracts, currency options and interest rate swaps, caps, collars and floors to seek to hedge against fluctuations in the relative values of our portfolio positions from changes in currency exchange rates and market interest rates. Use of these hedging instruments may include counter-party credit risk.
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Hedging against a decline in the values of our portfolio positions does not eliminate the possibility of fluctuations in the values of such positions or prevent losses if the values of such positions decline. However, such hedging can establish other positions designed to gain from those same developments, thereby offsetting the decline in the value of such portfolio positions. Such hedging transactions may also limit the opportunity for gain if the values of the underlying portfolio positions should increase. Moreover, it may not be possible to hedge against an exchange rate or interest rate fluctuation that is so generally anticipated that we are not able to enter into a hedging transaction at an acceptable price.
The success of our hedging transactions will depend on our ability to correctly predict movements in currencies and interest rates. Therefore, while we may enter into such transactions to seek to reduce currency exchange rate and interest rate risks, unanticipated changes in currency exchange rates or interest rates may result in poorer overall investment performance than if we had not engaged in any such hedging transactions. In addition, the degree of correlation between price movements of the instruments used in a hedging strategy and price movements in the portfolio positions being hedged may vary. Moreover, for a variety of reasons, we may not seek to (or be able to) establish a perfect correlation between such hedging instruments and the portfolio holdings being hedged. Any such imperfect correlation may prevent us from achieving the intended hedge and expose us to risk of loss. In addition, it may not be possible to hedge fully or perfectly against currency fluctuations affecting the value of securities denominated in non-U.S. currencies because the value of those securities is likely to fluctuate as a result of factors not related to currency fluctuations. See also "Risk FactorsRisk Relating to Our BusinessWe are exposed to risks associated with changes in interest rates."
RISKS RELATING TO OUR COMMON STOCK AND PUBLICLY TRADED NOTES
Our shares of common stock have traded at a discount from net asset value and may do so again in the future, which could limit our ability to raise additional equity capital.
Shares of closed-end investment companies frequently trade at a market price that is less than the net asset value that is attributable to those shares. This characteristic of closed-end investment companies is separate and distinct from the risk that our net asset value per share may decline. It is not possible to predict whether any shares of our common stock will trade at, above, or below net asset value. In the recent past, including during much of 2009, the stocks of BDCs as an industry, including at times shares of our common stock, traded below net asset value and at near historic lows as a result of concerns over liquidity, leverage restrictions and distribution requirements. When our common stock is trading below its net asset value per share, we will generally not be able to issue additional shares of our common stock at its market price without first obtaining approval for such issuance from our stockholders and our independent directors. Pursuant to approval granted at our 2013 annual stockholders meeting, we currently are permitted to sell or otherwise issue shares of our common stock at a price below net asset value, subject to certain limitations and determinations that must be made by our board of directors. Such stockholder approval expires the earlier of June 4, 2014 and the date of our 2014 annual stockholders meeting.
There is a risk that investors in our common stock may not receive dividends or that our dividends may not grow over time and that investors in our debt securities may not receive all of the interest income to which they are entitled.
We intend to make distributions on a quarterly basis to our stockholders out of assets legally available for distribution. We cannot assure you that we will achieve investment results that will allow us to make a specified level of cash distributions or year-to-year increases in cash distributions. If we declare a dividend and if more stockholders opt to receive cash distributions rather than participate in our dividend reinvestment plan, we may be forced to sell some of our investments in order to make cash dividend payments.
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In addition, due to the asset coverage test applicable to us as a BDC, we may be limited in our ability to make distributions. Certain of the Facilities may also limit our ability to declare dividends if we default under certain provisions. Further, if we invest a greater amount of assets in equity securities that do not pay current dividends, it could reduce the amount available for distribution. See "Dividend/Distribution Policy."
The above-referenced restrictions on distributions may also inhibit our ability to make required interest payments to holders of our debt, which may cause a default under the terms of our debt agreements. Such a default could materially increase our cost of raising capital, as well as cause us to incur penalties under the terms of our debt agreements.
Provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law and of our charter and bylaws could deter takeover attempts and have an adverse effect on the price of our common stock.
The Maryland General Corporation Law, our charter and our bylaws contain provisions that may discourage, delay or make more difficult a change in control of Ares Capital or the removal of our directors. We are subject to the Maryland Business Combination Act (the "Business Combination Act"), subject to any applicable requirements of the Investment Company Act. Our board of directors has adopted a resolution exempting from the Business Combination Act any business combination between us and any other person, subject to prior approval of such business combination by our board, including approval by a majority of our disinterested directors. If the resolution exempting business combinations is repealed or our board or disinterested directors do not approve a business combination, the Business Combination Act may discourage third parties from trying to acquire control of us and may increase the difficulty of consummating such an offer. Our bylaws exempt from the Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act (the "Control Share Acquisition Act") acquisitions of our stock by any person. If we amend our bylaws to repeal the exemption from the Control Share Acquisition Act, subject to any applicable requirements of the Investment Company Act, the Control Share Acquisition Act also may make it more difficult for a third party to obtain control of us and may increase the difficulty of consummating such an offer.
We have also adopted measures that may make it difficult for a third party to obtain control of us, including provisions of our charter classifying our board of directors into three classes serving staggered three-year terms, and provisions of our charter authorizing our board of directors to classify or reclassify shares of our stock into one or more classes or series, to cause the issuance of additional shares of our stock, and to amend our charter from time to time, without stockholder approval, to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that we have authority to issue. These provisions, as well as other provisions of our charter and bylaws, may discourage, delay, defer, make more difficult or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might otherwise be in your best interest.
Investing in our common stock may involve an above average degree of risk.
The investments we make in accordance with our investment objective may result in a higher amount of risk than alternative investment options and volatility or loss of principal. Our investments in portfolio companies may be highly speculative and aggressive and, therefore, an investment in our securities may not be suitable for someone with lower risk tolerance.
The market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly.
The capital and credit markets have experienced periods of extreme volatility and disruption over the past several years. The market price and liquidity of the market for shares of our common stock
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may be significantly affected by numerous factors, some of which are beyond our control and may not be directly related to our operating performance. These factors include:
In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company's securities, securities class action litigation has often been brought against that company. If our stock price fluctuates significantly, we may be the target of securities litigation in the future. Securities litigation could result in substantial costs and divert management's attention and resources from our business.
We may in the future determine to issue preferred stock, which could adversely affect the market value of our common stock.
The issuance of shares of preferred stock with dividend or conversion rights, liquidation preferences or other economic terms favorable to the holders of preferred stock could adversely affect the market price for our common stock by making an investment in the common stock less attractive. In addition, the dividends on any preferred stock we issue must be cumulative. Payment of dividends and repayment of the liquidation preference of preferred stock must take preference over any dividends or other payments to our common stockholders, and holders of preferred stock are not subject to any of our expenses or losses and are not entitled to participate in any income or appreciation in excess of their stated preference (other than convertible preferred stock that converts into common stock). In addition, under the Investment Company Act, preferred stock constitutes a "senior security" for purposes of the 200% asset coverage test.
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Our stockholders will experience dilution in their ownership percentage if they opt out of our dividend reinvestment plan.
All dividends declared in cash payable to stockholders that are participants in our dividend reinvestment plan are automatically reinvested in shares of our common stock. As a result, our stockholders that opt out of our dividend reinvestment plan will experience dilution in their ownership percentage of our common stock over time.
Our stockholders may experience dilution upon the conversion of the Convertible Unsecured Notes.
The February 2016 Convertible Notes are convertible into shares of our common stock beginning August 15, 2015 or, under certain circumstances, earlier. The June 2016 Convertible Notes are convertible into shares of our common stock beginning on December 15, 2015 or, under certain circumstances, earlier. The 2017 Convertible Notes are convertible into shares of our common stock beginning on September 15, 2016 or, under certain circumstances, earlier. The 2018 Convertible Notes are convertible into shares of our common stock beginning on July 15, 2017 or, under certain circumstances, earlier. The 2019 Convertible Notes are convertible into shares of our common stock beginning on July 15, 2018 or, under certain circumstances, earlier. Upon conversion of the Convertible Unsecured Notes, we have the choice to pay or deliver, as the case may be, at our election, cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of cash and shares of our common stock. As of December 31, 2013, the conversion price of the February 2016 Convertible Notes was effectively $18.71 per share of common stock, the conversion price of the June 2016 Convertible Notes was effectively $18.62 per share, the conversion price of the 2017 Convertible Notes was effectively $19.11 per share, the conversion price of the 2018 Convertible Notes was effectively $19.76 per share and the conversion price of the 2019 Convertible Notes was effectively $20.10 per share, in each case taking into account certain de minimis adjustments that will be made on the conversion date and subject to further adjustment in certain circumstances. If we elect to deliver shares of common stock upon a conversion at the time our tangible book value per share exceeds the conversion price in effect at such time, our stockholders may incur dilution. In addition, our stockholders will experience dilution in their ownership percentage of common stock upon our issuance of common stock in connection with the conversion of the Convertible Unsecured Notes and any dividends paid on our common stock will also be paid on shares issued in connection with such conversion after such issuance.
Our stockholders may receive shares of our common stock as dividends, which could result in adverse tax consequences to them.
In order to satisfy the annual distribution requirement applicable to RICs, we have the ability to declare a large portion of a dividend in shares of our common stock instead of in cash. As long as a portion of such dividend is paid in cash (which portion could be as low as 20%) and certain requirements are met, the entire distribution would be treated as a dividend for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, a stockholder would be taxed on 100% of the fair market value of the shares received as part of the dividend on the date a stockholder received it in the same manner as a cash dividend, even though most of the dividend was paid in shares of our common stock.
Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market may have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.
Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock, or the availability of such common stock for sale (including as a result of the conversion of our Convertible Unsecured Notes into common stock), could adversely affect the prevailing market prices for our common stock. If this occurs and continues, it could impair our ability to raise additional capital through the sale of securities should we desire to do so.
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The trading market or market value of our publicly issued debt securities may fluctuate.
Our publicly issued debt securities may or may not have an established trading market. We cannot assure holders of our debt securities that a trading market for our publicly issued debt securities will ever develop or be maintained if developed. In addition to our creditworthiness, many factors may materially adversely affect the trading market for, and market value of, our publicly issued debt securities. These factors include, but are not limited to, the following:
Holders of our debt securities should also be aware that there may be a limited number of buyers if and when they decide to sell their debt securities. This too may materially adversely affect the market value of the debt securities or the trading market for the debt securities.
Terms relating to redemption may materially adversely affect our noteholders' return on any debt securities that we may issue.
If our noteholders' debt securities are redeemable at our option, we may choose to redeem their debt securities at times when prevailing interest rates are lower than the interest rate paid on their debt securities. In addition, if our noteholders' debt securities are subject to mandatory redemption, we may be required to redeem their debt securities also at times when prevailing interest rates are lower than the interest rate paid on their debt securities. In this circumstance, our noteholders may not be able to reinvest the redemption proceeds in a comparable security at an effective interest rate as high as their debt securities being redeemed.
Our credit ratings may not reflect all risks of an investment in our debt securities.
Our credit ratings are an assessment by third parties of our ability to pay our obligations. Consequently, real or anticipated changes in our credit ratings will generally affect the market value of our debt securities. Our credit ratings, however, may not reflect the potential impact of risks related to market conditions generally or other factors discussed above on the market value of or trading market for the publicly issued debt securities.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
We do not own any real estate or other physical properties materially important to our operation. Our headquarters are currently located at 245 Park Avenue, 44th Floor, New York, New York 10167. We are party to an office lease pursuant to which we are leasing New York office facilities from a third party (the "43rd/44th Floor Space"). We have entered into separate subleases with Ares Management and IHAM, pursuant to which Ares Management and IHAM subleased approximately 35% and 18%,
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respectively, of the 43rd/44th Floor Space for a rent equal to 35% and 18%, respectively, of the base annual rent payable by us under our lease for the 43rd/44th Floor Space, plus certain additional costs and expenses.
We are also party to an office lease pursuant to which we began leasing additional New York office space in early 2013 (the "42nd Floor Space"). We have entered into a sublease with Ares Management to sublease 100% of the 42nd Floor Space to Ares Management for a rent equal to 100% of the base annual rent payable by us under our lease for the 42nd Floor Space, plus certain additional costs and expenses.
We are also party to an office lease with a third party for office space in Washington D.C. We entered into an office sublease with Ares Management, pursuant to which Ares Management subleases approximately 54% of the Washington, D.C. office space leased by us for a rent equal to 54% of the base annual rent payable by us under our office lease, plus certain additional costs and expenses.
We have also entered into two office subleases with Ares Management, pursuant to which (i) we sublease approximately 42% of Ares Management's Chicago office space for a rent equal to 42% of the base annual rent payable by Ares Management under its office lease, plus certain additional costs and expenses and (ii) we sublease approximately 7% of certain of Ares Management's Los Angeles office space for a rent equal to 7% of the base annual rent payable by Ares Management under such office lease, plus certain additional costs and expenses.
The current allocations are as of December 31, 2013. The allocations in connection with our subleases described above are subject to change and future review. These percentages are subject to change depending on the composition of, and functions performed by, the staff in each of these offices.
We are party to certain lawsuits in the normal course of business. In addition, Allied Capital was involved in various legal proceedings that we assumed in connection with the acquisition of Allied Capital ("Allied Acquisition"). Furthermore, third parties may try to seek to impose liability on us in connection with our activities or the activities of our portfolio companies. While the outcome of any such legal proceedings cannot at this time be predicted with certainty, we do not expect that these legal proceedings will materially affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.
On May 20, 2013, we were named as one of several defendants in an action filed in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania by the bankruptcy trustee of DSI Renal Holdings LLC and two related companies. The complaint in the action alleges, among other things, that each of the named defendants participated in a purported "fraudulent transfer" involving the restructuring of a subsidiary of DSI Renal Holdings LLC. Among other things, the complaint seeks, jointly and severally from all defendants, (1) damages of approximately $425 million, of which the complaint states our individual share is approximately $117 million, and (2) punitive damages. We are currently unable to assess with any certainty whether we may have any exposure in this action. We believe the claims are without merit and intend to vigorously defend ourselves in this action.
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.
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Item 5. Market For Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters And Issuer Purchases Of Equity Securities
Our common stock is traded on The NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol "ARCC." Our common stock has historically traded at prices both above and below our net asset value per share. It is not possible to predict whether our common stock will trade at, above or below net asset value. See "Risk FactorsRisks Relating to our Common Stock and Publicly Traded NotesOur shares of common stock have traded at a discount from net asset value and may do so again in the future, which could limit our ability to raise additional equity capital."
The following table sets forth the net asset value per share of our common stock, the range of high and low closing sales prices of our common stock as reported on The NASDAQ Global Select Market and the dividends declared and payable by us for each fiscal quarter for the years ended December 31, 2012 and 2013. On February 24, 2014, the last reported closing sales price of our common stock on The NASDAQ Global Select Market was $18.49 per share, which represented a premium of approximately 12.3% to the net asset value per share reported by us as of December 31, 2013.
|
|
Price Range | |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Net Asset Value(1) |
Cash Dividend Per Share(2) |
|||||||||||
|
High | Low | |||||||||||
Fiscal 2012 |
|||||||||||||
First Quarter |
$ | 15.47 | $ | 16.70 | $ | 15.51 | $ | 0.37 | |||||
Second Quarter |
$ | 15.51 | $ | 16.55 | $ | 14.67 | $ | 0.37 | |||||
Third Quarter |
$ | 15.74 | $ | 17.68 | $ | 16.04 | $ | 0.43 | (3) | ||||
Fourth Quarter |
$ | 16.04 | $ | 17.74 | $ | 16.08 | $ | 0.43 | (3) | ||||
Fiscal 2013 |
|||||||||||||
First Quarter |
$ | 15.98 | $ | 18.54 | $ | 17.66 | $ | 0.38 | |||||
Second Quarter |
$ | 16.21 | $ | 18.27 | $ | 16.42 | $ | 0.38 | |||||
Third Quarter |
$ | 16.35 | $ | 18.12 | $ | 17.03 | $ | 0.38 | |||||
Fourth Quarter |
$ | 16.46 | $ | 18.38 | $ | 17.06 | $ | 0.43 | (3) |
As of February 24, 2014, there were 1,799 holders of record of our common stock (including Cede & Co.).
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We currently intend to distribute dividends or make distributions to our stockholders on a quarterly basis out of assets legally available for distribution. We may also distribute additional dividends or make additional distributions to our stockholders from time to time. Our quarterly and additional dividends or distributions, if any, will be determined by our board of directors.
The following table summarizes our dividends declared and payable for 2012 and 2013:
Date Declared
|
Record Date | Payment Date | Amount | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
February 28, 2012 |
March 15, 2012 | March 30, 2012 | $ | 0.37 | ||||||
May 8, 2012 |
June 15, 2012 | June 29, 2012 | $ | 0.37 | ||||||
August 7, 2012 |
September 14, 2012 | September 28, 2012 | $ | 0.38 | ||||||
August 7, 2012 |
September 14, 2012 | September 28, 2012 | $ | 0.05 | (1) | |||||
November 5, 2012 |
December 14, 2012 | December 28, 2012 | $ | 0.38 | ||||||
November 5, 2012 |
December 14, 2012 | December 28, 2012 | $ | 0.05 | (1) | |||||
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total declared and payable for 2012 |
$ | 1.60 | ||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | |
February 27, 2013 |
March 15, 2013 | March 29, 2013 | $ | 0.38 | ||||||
May 7, 2013 |
June 14, 2013 | June 28, 2013 | $ | 0.38 | ||||||
August 6, 2013 |
September 16, 2013 | September 30, 2013 | $ | 0.38 | ||||||
November 5, 2013 |
December 16, 2013 | December 31, 2013 | $ | 0.38 | ||||||
November 5, 2013 |
December 16, 2013 | December 31, 2013 | $ | 0.05 | (1) | |||||
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total declared and payable for 2013 |
$ | 1.57 | (2) | |||||||
| | | | | | | | | | |
Of the $1.57 per share in dividends declared and payable during the year ended December 31, 2013, the entire $1.57 per share was comprised of ordinary income. Of the $1.60 per share in dividends declared and payable during the year ended December 31, 2012, the entire $1.60 per share was comprised of ordinary income.
To maintain our RIC status, we must timely distribute an amount equal to at least 90% of our investment company taxable income (as defined by the Code, which generally includes net ordinary income and net short term capital gains) to our stockholders. In addition, the Company generally will be required to pay an excise tax equal to 4% on certain undistributed income unless we distribute in a timely manner an amount at least equal to the sum of (i) 98% of the Company's ordinary income recognized during a calendar year and (ii) 98.2% of the Company's capital gain net income, as defined by the Code, recognized for the one year period ending October 31st in that calendar year and (iii) any income recognized, but not distributed , in preceding years. The taxable income on which we pay excise tax is generally distributed to our stockholders in the next tax year. Depending on the level of taxable income earned in a tax year, we may choose to carry forward taxable income for distribution in the following year, and pay any applicable excise tax. For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, we recorded a net excise tax expense of $10.3 million and $7.9 million, respectively. We cannot assure you that we will achieve results that will permit the payment of any cash distributions. We maintain an "opt out" dividend reinvestment plan for our common stockholders. As a result, if we declare a cash dividend, stockholders' cash dividends will be automatically reinvested in additional shares of our common stock, unless they specifically opt out of the dividend reinvestment plan so as to receive cash dividends.
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RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED EQUITY SECURITIES
We have reported all sales of our unregistered equity securities that occurred during the period covered by this report in our Reports on Form 10-Q or Form 8-K, as applicable.
ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
For the year ended December 31, 2013, we did not purchase any shares of our common stock.
COMPARISON OF CUMULATIVE TOTAL RETURN AMONG ARES CAPITAL
CORPORATION, S&P 500 INDEX, SNL US INVESTMENT COMPANY INDEX AND S&P
SPECIALIZED FINANCE INDEX
SOURCE: | SNL Financial LC | |
NOTES: | Assumes $100 invested December 31, 2008 in Ares Capital, the S&P 500 Index, the SNL US Investment Company Index and the S&P Specialized Finance Index. Assumes all dividends are reinvested on the respective dividend payment dates without commissions. |
|
Dec08 | Dec09 | Dec10 | Dec11 | Dec12 | Dec13 | |||||||||||||
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Ares Capital |
100.00 | 251.22 | 365.32 | 374.79 | 466.71 | 517.65 | |||||||||||||
S&P 500 Index |
100.00 | 126.46 | 145.51 | 148.59 | 172.37 | 228.19 | |||||||||||||
SNL US Investment Company Index |
100.00 | 128.27 | 134.11 | 123.16 | 145.38 | 237.78 | |||||||||||||
S&P Specialized Finance Index |
100.00 | 128.92 | 171.64 | 165.45 | 204.74 | 213.65 |
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For the graph and chart above, the Company has included the SNL US Investment Company Index as we believe the companies included in such index are more representative of the Company's line-of-business than the companies included in the S&P Specialized Finance Index. Given this is the first year that the SNL US Investment Company Index is being presented, we have also included the S&P Specialized Finance Index, which was presented in the preceding year's Form 10-K.
The graph and other information furnished under this Part II Item 5(d) of this Form 10-K shall not be deemed to be "soliciting material" or to be "filed" with the SEC or subject to Regulation 14A or 14C, or to the liabilities of Section 18 of the Exchange Act, as amended.
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Item 6. Selected Financial Data
The following selected financial and other data for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012, 2011, 2010 and 2009 are derived from our consolidated financial statements which have been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm whose report thereon is included elsewhere in this Annual Report. The data should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," which are included elsewhere in this Annual Report.
ARES CAPITAL CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
(dollar amounts in millions, except per share data)
|
As of and For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | |||||||||||
Total Investment Income |
$ | 881.7 | $ | 748.0 | $ | 634.5 | $ | 483.4 | $ | 245.3 | ||||||
Total Expenses |
437.2 | 387.9 | 344.6 | 262.2 | 111.3 | |||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net Investment Income Before Income Taxes |
444.5 | 360.1 | 289.9 | 221.2 | 134.0 | |||||||||||
Income Tax Expense, Including Excise Tax |
14.1 | 11.2 | 7.5 | 5.4 | 0.6 | |||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net Investment Income |
430.4 | 348.9 | 282.4 | 215.8 | 133.4 | |||||||||||
Net Realized and Unrealized Gains on Investments, Foreign Currencies, Extinguishment of Debt and Other Assets |
58.1 | 159.3 | 37.1 | 280.1 | 69.3 | |||||||||||
Gain on the Allied Acquisition |
| | | 195.9 | | |||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Net Increase in Stockholders' Equity Resulting from Operations |
$ | 488.5 | $ | 508.2 | $ | 319.5 | $ | 691.8 | $ | 202.7 | ||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Per Share Data: |
||||||||||||||||
Net Increase in Stockholders' Equity Resulting from Operations: |
||||||||||||||||
Basic |
$ | 1.83 | $ | 2.21 | $ | 1.56 | $ | 3.91 | $ | 1.99 | ||||||
Diluted |
$ | 1.83 | $ | 2.21 | $ | 1.56 | $ | 3.91 | $ | 1.99 | ||||||
Cash Dividends Declared and Payable |
$ | 1.57 | $ | 1.60 | $ | 1.41 | $ | 1.40 | $ | 1.47 | ||||||
Net Asset Value |
$ | 16.46 | $ | 16.04 | $ | 15.34 | $ | 14.92 | $ | 11.44 | ||||||
Total Assets |
$ | 8,141.5 | $ | 6,401.2 | $ | 5,387.4 | $ | 4,562.5 | $ | 2,313.5 | ||||||
Total Debt (Carrying Value) |
$ | 2,986.3 | $ | 2,195.9 | $ | 2,073.6 | $ | 1,378.5 | $ | 969.5 | ||||||
Total Debt (Principal Value) |
$ | 3,078.8 | $ | 2,293.8 | $ | 2,170.5 | $ | 1,435.1 | $ | 969.5 | ||||||
Total Stockholders' Equity |
$ | 4,904.4 | $ | 3,988.3 | $ | 3,147.3 | $ | 3,050.5 | $ | 1,257.9 | ||||||
Other Data: |
||||||||||||||||
Number of Portfolio Companies at Period End(1) |
193 | 152 | 141 | 170 | 95 | |||||||||||
Principal Amount of Investments Purchased |
$ | 3,493.2 | $ | 3,161.6 | $ | 3,239.0 | $ | 1,583.9 | $ | 575.0 | ||||||
Principal Amount of Investments Acquired as part of the Allied Acquisition |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 1,833.8 | $ | | ||||||
Principal Amount of Investments Sold and Repayments |
$ | 1,801.4 | $ | 2,482.9 | $ | 2,468.2 | $ | 1,555.9 | $ | 515.2 | ||||||
Total Return Based on Market Value(2) |
10.5 | % | 23.6 | % | 2.3 | % | 43.6 | % | 119.9 | % | ||||||
Total Return Based on Net Asset Value(3) |
11.4 | % | 14.3 | % | 10.5 | % | 31.6 | % | 17.8 | % | ||||||
Weighted Average Yield of Debt and Other Income Producing Securities at Fair Value(4) |
10.4 | % | 11.3 | % | 12.0 | % | 12.9 | % | 12.7 | % | ||||||
Weighted Average Yield of Debt and Other Income Producing Securities at Amortized Cost(4) |
10.4 | % | 11.4 | % | 12.1 | % | 13.2 | % | 12.1 | % |
58
December 31, 2012 of $17.50 per share plus the declared and payable dividends of $1.57 per share for the year ended December 31, 2013, divided by the market value at December 31, 2012. For the year ended December 31, 2012, the total return based on market value equaled the increase of the ending market value at December 31, 2012 of $17.50 per share from the ending market value at December 31, 2011 of $15.45 per share plus the declared and payable dividends of $1.60 per share for the year ended December 31, 2012, divided by the market value at December 31, 2011.For the year ended December 31, 2011, the total return based on market value equaled the decrease of the ending market value at December 30, 2011 of $15.45 per share from the ending market value at December 31, 2010 of $16.48 per share plus the declared and payable dividends of $1.41 per share for the year ended December 31, 2011, divided by the market value at December 31, 2010. For the year ended December 31, 2010, the total return based on market value equaled the increase of the ending market value at December 31, 2010 of $16.48 per share from the ending market value at December 31, 2009 of $12.45 per share plus the declared and payable dividends of $1.40 per share for the year ended December 31, 2010, divided by the market value at December 31, 2009. For the year ended December 31, 2009, the total return based on market value equaled the increase of the ending market value at December 31, 2009 of $12.45 per share from the ending market value at December 31, 2008 of $6.33 per share plus the declared and payable dividends of $1.47 per share for the year ended December 31, 2009, divided by the market value at December 31, 2008. Total return based on market value is not annualized. The Company's shares fluctuate in value. The Company's performance changes over time and currently may be different than that shown. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.
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Item 7. Management's Discussion And Analysis Of Financial Condition And Results Of Operations
The information contained in this section should be read in conjunction with the Selected Financial Data and our financial statements and notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. In addition, some of the statements in this report (including in the following discussion) constitute forward- looking statements, which relate to future events or the future performance or financial condition of Ares Capital Corporation (the "Company," "ARCC," "Ares Capital," "we," "us," or "our"). The forward-looking statements contained in this report involve a number of risks and uncertainties, including statements concerning:
We use words such as "anticipates," "believes," "expects," "intends," "will," "should," "may" and similar expressions to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements include these words. Our actual results and condition could differ materially from those implied or expressed in the forward-looking statements for any reason, including the factors set forth in "Risk Factors" and elsewhere in this Annual Report.
60
We have based the forward-looking statements included in this Annual Report on information available to us on the date of this Annual Report, and we assume no obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. Although we undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, you are advised to consult any additional disclosures that we may make directly to you or through reports that we have filed or in the future may file with the SEC, including annual reports on Form 10-K, registration statements on Form N-2, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q and current reports on Form 8-K.
OVERVIEW
We are a specialty finance company that is a closed-end, non-diversified management investment company incorporated in Maryland. We have elected to be regulated as a BDC under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (together with the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, the "Investment Company Act").
We are externally managed by Ares Capital Management, a wholly owned subsidiary of Ares Management, a global alternative asset manager and a SEC-registered investment adviser, pursuant to our investment advisory and management agreement. Ares Operations, a wholly owned subsidiary of Ares Management, provides administrative services necessary for us to operate.
Our investment objective is to generate both current income and capital appreciation through debt and equity investments. We invest primarily in first lien senior secured loans (including unitranche loans), second lien senior secured loans and mezzanine debt, which in some cases includes an equity component like warrants.
To a lesser extent, we also make preferred and/or common equity investments, which have generally been non-control equity investments, of less than $20 million (usually in conjunction with a concurrent debt investment). However, we may increase the size or change the nature of these investments.
Since our initial public offering on October 8, 2004 through December 31, 2013, our exited investments resulted in an aggregate cash flow realized internal rate of return (as discussed in more detail in footnote 1 to the last table in "BusinessInvestments") to us of approximately 13% (based on original cash invested, net of syndications, of approximately $7.7 billion and total proceeds from such exited investments of approximately $9.4 billion). Approximately 72% of these exited investments resulted in an aggregate cash flow realized internal rate of return to us of 10% or greater.
Additionally, since our initial public offering on October 8, 2004 through December 31, 2013, our realized gains have exceeded our realized losses by approximately $258 million (excluding a one-time gain on the acquisition of Allied Capital and realized gains/losses from the extinguishment of debt and other assets). For this same time period, our average annualized net realized gain rate was approximately 1.1% (excluding a one-time gain on the acquisition of Allied Capital and realized gains/losses from the extinguishment of debt and other assets). Net realized gain/loss rates for a particular period are the amount of net realized gains/losses during such period divided by the average quarterly investments at amortized cost in such period.
Information included herein regarding internal rates of return, realized gains and losses and annualized net realized gain rates since our initial public offering are historical results relating to our past performance and are not necessarily indicative of future results, the achievement of which cannot be assured.
As a BDC, we are required to comply with certain regulatory requirements. For instance, we generally have to invest at least 70% of our total assets in "qualifying assets," including securities and indebtedness of private U.S. companies and certain public U.S. companies, cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities and high-quality debt investments that mature in one year or less. We also may
61
invest up to 30% of our portfolio in non-qualifying assets, as permitted by the Investment Company Act. Specifically, as part of this 30% basket, we may invest in entities that are not considered "eligible portfolio companies" (as defined in the Investment Company Act), including companies located outside of the United States, entities that are operating pursuant to certain exceptions under the Investment Company Act, and publicly traded entities whose public equity market capitalization exceeds the levels provided for under the Investment Company Act.
We have elected to be treated as a RIC under the Code, and operate in a manner so as to qualify for the tax treatment applicable to RICs. To qualify as a RIC, we must, among other things, meet certain source-of-income and asset diversification requirements and timely distribute to our stockholders generally at least 90% of our investment company taxable income, as defined by the Code, for each year. Pursuant to this election, we generally will not have to pay U.S. federal corporate-level taxes on any income that we distribute to our stockholders provided that we satisfy those requirements.
PORTFOLIO AND INVESTMENT ACTIVITY
The Company's investment activity for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 is presented below (information presented herein is at amortized cost unless otherwise indicated).
|
For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(dollar amounts in millions)
|
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||
New investment commitments(1): |
||||||||||
New portfolio companies |
$ | 2,148.5 | $ | 1,794.7 | $ | 1,778.0 | ||||
Existing portfolio companies(2) |
1,854.4 | 1,402.3 | 1,896.4 | |||||||
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total new investment commitments |
4,002.9 | 3,197.0 | 3,674.4 | |||||||
Less: |
||||||||||
Investment commitments exited |
1,840.0 | 2,614.5 | 2,603.1 | |||||||
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment commitments |
$ | 2,162.9 | $ | 582.5 | $ | 1,071.3 | ||||
Principal amount of investments funded: |
||||||||||
First lien senior secured loans |
$ | 2,011.1 | $ | 1,953.3 | $ | 1,973.1 | ||||
Second lien senior secured loans |
602.8 | 733.1 | 511.1 | |||||||
Subordinated certificates of the SSLP(3) |
652.5 | 270.0 | 496.8 | |||||||
Senior subordinated debt |
181.0 | 101.3 | 51.8 | |||||||
Preferred equity securities |
1.8 | | 164.1 | |||||||
Other equity securities |
44.0 | 103.9 | 41.2 | |||||||
Commercial real estate |
| | 0.9 | |||||||
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total |
$ | 3,493.2 | $ | 3,161.6 | $ | 3,239.0 | ||||
Principal amount of investments sold or repaid: |
||||||||||
First lien senior secured loans |
$ | 885.8 | $ | 1,455.9 | $ | 1,320.9 | ||||
Second lien senior secured loans |
526.1 | 331.0 | 286.6 | |||||||
Subordinated certificates of the SSLP |
145.2 | 66.3 | | |||||||
Senior subordinated debt |
201.0 | 409.0 | 463.2 | |||||||
Collateralized loan obligations |
| 55.5 | 166.3 | |||||||
Preferred equity securities |
26.3 | 26.2 | 43.5 | |||||||
Other equity securities |
16.8 | 126.0 | 166.1 | |||||||
Commercial real estate |
0.2 | 13.0 | 21.6 | |||||||
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total |
$ | 1,801.4 | $ | 2,482.9 | $ | 2,468.2 | ||||
Number of new investment commitments(4) |
95 | 82 | 72 | |||||||
Average new investment commitment amount |
$ | 42.1 | $ | 39.0 | $ | 51.0 | ||||
Weighted average term for new investment commitments (in months) |
74 | 66 | 63 | |||||||
Percentage of new investment commitments at floating rates |
89 | % | 88 | % | 94 | % | ||||
Percentage of new investment commitments at fixed rates |
10 | % | 8 | % | 5 | % |
62
|
For the Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(dollar amounts in millions)
|
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||
Weighted average yield of debt and other income producing securities(5): |
||||||||||
Funded during the period at amortized cost |
9.8 | % | 9.9 | % | 10.9 | % | ||||
Funded during the period at fair value(6) |
9.8 | % | 9.9 | % | 10.9 | % | ||||
Exited or repaid during the period at amortized cost |
9.8 | % | 9.7 | % | 10.2 | % | ||||
Exited or repaid during the period at fair value(6) |
9.7 | % | 9.6 | % | 10.1 | % |
As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, our investments consisted of the following:
|
As of December 31, | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2013 | 2012 | |||||||||||
(in millions)
|
Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | |||||||||
First lien senior secured loans |
$ | 3,461.6 | $ | 3,433.6 | $ | 2,329.9 | $ | 2,321.2 | |||||
Second lien senior secured loans |
1,335.8 | 1,319.2 | 1,257.9 | 1,233.9 | |||||||||
Subordinated certificates of the SSLP(1) |
1,745.2 | 1,771.4 | 1,237.9 | 1,263.6 | |||||||||
Senior subordinated debt |
308.1 | 267.2 | 321.3 | 259.8 | |||||||||
Preferred equity securities |
226.0 | 229.0 | 238.8 | 250.1 | |||||||||
Other equity securities |
453.7 | 600.2 | 430.4 | 584.1 | |||||||||
Commercial real estate |
7.0 | 12.3 | 7.3 | 11.9 | |||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total |
$ | 7,537.4 | $ | 7,632.9 | $ | 5,823.5 | $ | 5,924.6 | |||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
63
The weighted average yields at amortized cost and fair value of the following portions of our portfolio as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 were as follows:
|
As of December 31, | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2013 | 2012 | |||||||||||
|
Amortized Cost | Fair Value | Amortized Cost | Fair Value | |||||||||
Debt and other income producing securities(1) |
10.4 | % | 10.4 | % | 11.4 | % | 11.3 | % | |||||
Total portfolio(2) |
9.4 | % | 9.3 | % | 10.1 | % | 10.0 | % | |||||
First lien senior secured loans(2) |
7.8 | % | 7.9 | % | 9.0 | % | 9.0 | % | |||||
Second lien senior secured loans(2) |
9.4 | % | 9.5 | % | 10.5 | % | 10.7 | % | |||||
Subordinated certificates of the SSLP(2)(3) |
15.0 | % | 14.8 | % | 15.8 | % | 15.4 | % | |||||
Senior subordinated debt(2) |
10.4 | % | 12.0 | % | 11.7 | % | 14.5 | % | |||||
Income producing equity securities (2) |
10.1 | % | 9.1 | % | 9.9 | % | 8.8 | % |
Ares Capital Management, our investment adviser, employs an investment rating system to categorize our investments. In addition to various risk management and monitoring tools, our investment adviser grades the credit risk of all investments on a scale of 1 to 4 no less frequently than quarterly. This system is intended primarily to reflect the underlying risk of a portfolio investment relative to our initial cost basis in respect of such portfolio investment (i.e., at the time of origination or acquisition), although it may also take into account under certain circumstances the performance of the portfolio company's business, the collateral coverage of the investment and other relevant factors. Under this system, investments with a grade of 4 involve the least amount of risk to our initial cost basis. The trends and risk factors for this investment since origination or acquisition are generally favorable, which may include the performance of the portfolio company or a potential exit. Investments graded 3 involve a level of risk to our initial cost basis that is similar to the risk to our initial cost basis at the time of origination or acquisition. This portfolio company is generally performing as expected and the risk factors to our ability to ultimately recoup the cost of our investment are neutral to favorable. All investments or acquired investments in new portfolio companies are initially assessed a grade of 3. Investments graded 2 indicate that the risk to our ability to recoup the initial cost basis of such investment has increased materially since origination or acquisition, including as a result of factors such as declining performance and non-compliance with debt covenants; however, payments are
64
generally not more than 120 days past due. An investment grade of 1 indicates that the risk to our ability to recoup the initial cost basis of such investment has substantially increased since origination or acquisition, and the portfolio company likely has materially declining performance. For debt investments with an investment grade of 1, most or all of the debt covenants are out of compliance and payments are substantially delinquent. For investments graded 1, it is anticipated that we will not recoup our initial cost basis and may realize a substantial loss of our initial cost basis upon exit. For investments graded 1 or 2, our investment adviser enhances its level of scrutiny over the monitoring of such portfolio company. The grade of a portfolio investment may be reduced or increased over time.
Set forth below is the grade distribution of our portfolio companies as of December 31, 2013 and 2012:
|
As of December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2013 | 2012 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(dollar amounts in millions)
|
Fair Value | % | Number of Companies |
% | Fair Value | % | Number of Companies |
% | |||||||||||||||||
Grade 1 |
$ | 54.6 | 0.7 | % | 7 | 3.6 | % | $ | 75.1 | 1.3 | % | 9 | 5.9 | % | |||||||||||
Grade 2 |
256.3 | 3.4 | % | 12 | 6.2 | % | 136.7 | 2.3 | % | 9 | 5.9 | % | |||||||||||||
Grade 3 |
6,636.2 | 86.9 | % | 162 | 84.0 | % | 5,108.8 | 86.2 | % | 121 | 79.7 | % | |||||||||||||
Grade 4 |
685.8 | 9.0 | % | 12 | 6.2 | % | 604.0 | 10.2 | % | 13 | 8.5 | % | |||||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Total |
$ | 7,632.9 | 100.0 | % | 193 | 100.0 | % | $ | 5,924.6 | 100.0 | % | 152 | 100.0 | % | |||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the weighted average grade of the investments in our portfolio at fair value was 3.0 and 3.1, respectively.
As of December 31, 2013, loans on non-accrual status represented 3.1% and 2.1% of the total investments at amortized cost and at fair value, respectively. As of December 31, 2012, loans on non-accrual status represented 2.3% and 0.6% of the total investments at amortized cost and at fair value, respectively.
Senior Secured Loan Program
The Company co-invests in first lien senior secured loans of middle market companies with GE through an unconsolidated Delaware limited liability company, the Senior Secured Loan Fund LLC (d/b/a "The Senior Secured Loan Program") or the SSLP. The SSLP is capitalized as transactions are completed and all portfolio decisions and generally all other decisions in respect of the SSLP must be approved by an investment committee of the SSLP consisting of representatives of the Company and GE (with approval from a representative of each required). The Company provides capital to the SSLP in the form of SSLP Certificates.
As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the SSLP had available capital of $11.0 billion and $9.0 billion, respectively, of which approximately $8.7 billion and $6.3 billion in aggregate principal amount, respectively, was funded. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company had agreed to make available to the SSLP approximately $2.3 billion and $1.8 billion, respectively, of which approximately $1.7 billion and $1.2 billion in aggregate principal amount, respectively, was funded. Investment of any unfunded amount must be approved by the investment committee of the SSLP as described above.
As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the SSLP had total assets of $8.7 billion and $6.3 billion, respectively. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, GE's investment in the SSLP consisted of senior notes of $6.7 billion and $4.8 billion, respectively, and SSLP Certificates of $249.3 million and $177.9 million, respectively. The SSLP Certificates are junior in right of payment to the senior notes held by GE. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company and GE owned 87.5% and 12.5%, respectively, of the outstanding SSLP Certificates.
65
As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the SSLP portfolio was comprised of all first lien senior secured loans to U.S. middle-market companies. As of December 31, 2013, one loan was on non-accrual status, representing 1.0% of the total loans at principal amount in the SSLP. As of December 31, 2012, no loans were on non-accrual status. The portfolio companies in the SSLP are in industries similar to the companies in the Company's portfolio. Additionally, as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the SSLP had commitments to fund various delayed draw investments to certain of its portfolio companies of $510.4 million and $157.5 million, respectively, which had been approved by the SSLP investment committee. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company had commitments to co-invest in the SSLP for its portion of the SSLP's commitments to fund such delayed draw investments of up to $85.1 million and $26.4 million, respectively.
Below is a summary of the SSLP portfolio, followed by a listing of the individual first lien senior secured loans in the SSLP portfolio as of December 31, 2013 and 2012:
|
As of December 31, | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(dollar amounts in millions)
|
2013 | 2012 | |||||
Total first lien senior secured loans(1) |
$ | 8,664.4 | $ | 5,998.1 | |||
Weighted average yield on first lien senior secured loans(2) |
7.1 | % | 8.0 | % | |||
Number of borrowers in the SSLP |
47 | 36 | |||||
Largest loan to a single borrower(1) |
$ | 321.7 | $ | 330.0 | |||
Total of five largest loans to borrowers(1) |
$ | 1,510.7 | $ | 1,441.4 |
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SSLP Loan Portfolio as of December 31, 2013 |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(dollar amounts in millions) Portfolio Company |
Business Description | Maturity Date | Stated Interest Rate(1) |
Principal Amount |
Fair Value(2) |
||||||||||
Access CIG, LLC(3) |
Records and information management services provider | 10/2017 | 7.0 | % | $ | 186.9 | $ | 186.9 | |||||||
ADG, LLC |
Dental services | 9/2019 | 8.1 | % | 217.5 | 217.5 | |||||||||
AMZ Products Merger Corporation |
Specialty chemicals manufacturer | 12/2018 | 6.8 | % | 237.6 | 237.6 | |||||||||
Argon Medical Devices, Inc. |
Manufacturer and marketer of single-use specialty medical devices | 4/2018 | 6.5 | % | 239.2 | 239.2 | |||||||||
BECO Holding Company, Inc.(5) |
Wholesale distributor of first response fire protection equipment and related parts | 12/2017 | 8.3 | % | 143.4 | 143.4 | |||||||||
Brewer Holdings Corp. and Zywave, Inc. |
Provider of software and technology-enabled content and analytical solutions to insurance brokers | 11/2019 | 7.0 | % | 175.5 | 175.5 | |||||||||
Cambridge International, Inc. |
Manufacturer of custom designed and engineered metal products | 4/2018 | 8.0 | % | 86.0 | 86.0 | |||||||||
CCS Group Holdings, LLC(5) |
Correctional facility healthcare operator | 4/2016 | 8.0 | % | 134.5 | 134.5 | |||||||||
CH Hold Corp. |
Collision repair company | 11/2019 | 5.5 | % | 270.0 | 270.0 | |||||||||
Chariot Acquisition, LLC |
Distributor and designer of aftermarket golf cart parts and accessories | 1/2019 | 7.8 | % | 142.3 | 142.3 | |||||||||
CIBT Holdings, Inc.(5) |
Expedited travel document processing services | 12/2018 | 6.8 | % | 178.9 | 178.9 | |||||||||
CWD, LLC |
Supplier of automotive aftermarket brake parts | 6/2016 | 10.0 | % | 130.5 | 130.5 | |||||||||
Drayer Physical Therapy Institute, LLC |
Outpatient physical therapy provider | 7/2018 | 7.5 | % | 136.7 | 136.7 | |||||||||
Driven Holdings, LLC(5) |
Automotive aftermarket car care franchisor | 3/2017 | 7.0 | % | 159.1 | 159.1 | |||||||||
ECI Purchaser Company, LLC |
Manufacturer of equipment to safely control pressurized gases | 12/2019 | 6.0 | % | 209.0 | 209.0 | |||||||||
Excelligence Learning Corporation(5) |
Developer, manufacturer and retailer of educational products | 8/2018 | 7.8 | % | 174.0 | 174.0 | |||||||||
Fleischmann's Vinegar Company, Inc. |
Manufacturer and marketer of industrial vinegar products | 5/2016 | 8.0 | % | 74.7 | 74.7 | |||||||||
Fox Hill Holdings, LLC(3) |
Third party claims administrator on behalf of insurance carriers | 6/2018 | 6.8 | % | 289.5 | 289.5 | |||||||||
III US Holdings, LLC |
Provider of library automation software and systems | 3/2018 | 7.6 | % | 194.5 | 194.5 | |||||||||
Implus Footcare, LLC(5) |
Provider of footwear and other accessories | 10/2016 | 9.0 | % | 210.3 | 210.3 | |||||||||
Instituto de Banca y Comercio, Inc. & Leeds IV Advisors, Inc.(3)(5) |
Private school operator | 6/2015 | 82.4 | 74.2 | (6) | ||||||||||
Intermedix Corporation(4) |
Revenue cycle management provider to the emergency healthcare industry | 12/2018 | 6.3 | % | 321.7 | 321.7 | |||||||||
iParadigms, LLC |
Provider of anti-plagiarism software to the education industry | 4/2019 | 6.5 | % | 164.2 | 164.2 | |||||||||
JHP Pharmaceuticals, LLC(5) |
Manufacturer of specialty pharmaceutical products | 12/2019 | 6.8 | % | 182.2 | 182.2 | |||||||||
Laborie Medical Technologies Corp(5) |
Developer and manufacturer of medical equipment | 10/2018 | 6.8 | % | 113.5 | 113.5 | |||||||||
LJSS Acquisition, Inc. |
Fluid power distributor | 10/2017 | 6.8 | % | 159.8 | 159.8 | |||||||||
MWI Holdings, Inc.(3) |
Provider of engineered springs, fasteners, and other precision components | 3/2019 | 7.4 | % | 261.6 | 261.6 |
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SSLP Loan Portfolio as of December 31, 2013 |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(dollar amounts in millions) Portfolio Company |
Business Description | Maturity Date | Stated Interest Rate(1) |
Principal Amount |
Fair Value(2) |
||||||||||
Noranco Manufacturing (USA) Ltd. |
Supplier of complex machined and sheet metal components for the aerospace industry | 4/2019 | 6.8 | % | 161.1 | 161.1 | |||||||||
Nordco, Inc. |
Designer and manufacturer of railroad maintenance-of-way machinery | 8/2019 | 7.0 | % | 224.7 | 224.7 | |||||||||
Oak Parent, Inc.(3) |
Manufacturer of athletic apparel | 4/2018 | 7.5 | % | 307.1 | 307.1 | |||||||||
Penn Detroit Diesel Allison, LLC |
Distributor of new equipment and aftermarket parts to the heavy-duty truck industry | 12/2016 | 9.0 | % | 59.5 | 59.5 | |||||||||
PetroChoice Holdings, LLC |
Provider of lubrication solutions | 1/2017 | 10.0 | % | 158.3 | 158.3 | |||||||||
PODS Funding Corp. II(3) |
Storage and warehousing | 12/2018 | 7.0 | % | 314.1 | 314.1 | |||||||||
Pregis Corporation, Pregis Intellipack Corp. and Pregis Innovative Packaging Inc.(3) |
Provider of highly-customized, tailored protective packaging solutions | 3/2017 | 7.8 | % | 152.0 | 152.0 | |||||||||
Protective Industries, Inc. dba Caplugs(3)(5) |
Plastic protection products | 10/2019 | 6.8 | % | 278.3 | 278.3 | |||||||||
PSSI Holdings, LLC(3) |
Provider of mission-critical outsourced cleaning and sanitation services to the food processing industry | 6/2018 | 6.0 | % | 224.4 | 224.4 | |||||||||
Restaurant Technologies, Inc. |
Provider of bulk cooking oil management services to the restaurant and fast food service industries | 6/2018 | 7.0 | % | 202.7 | 202.7 | |||||||||
Selig Sealing Products, Inc. |
Manufacturer of container sealing products for rigid packaging applications | 10/2019 | 6.8 | % | 209.0 | 209.0 | |||||||||
Singer Sewing Company |
Manufacturer of consumer sewing machines | 6/2017 | 7.3 | % | 197.0 | 197.0 | |||||||||
Strategic Partners, Inc.(5) |
Supplier of medical uniforms, specialized medical footwear and accessories | 8/2018 | 7.8 | % | 232.1 | 232.1 | |||||||||
Talent Partners G.P. and Print Payroll Services, G.P. |
Provider of technology-enabled payroll to the advertising industry | 10/2017 | 8.0 | % | 62.0 | 62.0 | |||||||||
TecoStar Acquisition Company |
Manufacturer of precision components for orthopedic medical devices | 12/2019 | 6.4 | % | 118.0 | 118.0 | |||||||||
The Teaching Company, LLC and The Teaching Company Holdings, Inc.(3)(5) |
Education publications provider | 3/2017 | 9.0 | % | 111.5 | 109.3 | |||||||||
Towne Holdings, Inc. |
Provider of contracted hospitality services and parking systems | 12/2019 | 6.8 | % | 154.0 | 154.0 | |||||||||
U.S. Anesthesia Partners, Inc.(3) |
Anesthesiology service provider | 12/2019 | 6.0 | % | 210.0 | 210.0 | |||||||||
Universal Services of America, LP |
Provider of security officer and guard services | 7/2019 | 6.0 | % | 253.9 | 253.9 | |||||||||
WB Merger Sub, Inc. |
Importer, distributor and developer of premium wine and spirits | 12/2016 | 9.0 | % | 159.2 | 159.2 | |||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
$ | 8,664.4 | $ | 8,654.0 | |||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
68
SSLP Loan Portfolio as of December 31, 2012 |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(dollar amounts in millions) Portfolio Company |
Business Description | Maturity Date |
Stated Interest Rate(1) |
Principal Amount |
Fair Value(2) |
||||||||||
Access CIG, LLC(3) |
Records and information management services provider | 10/2017 | 7.0 | % | $ | 152.8 | $ | 152.8 | |||||||
ADG, LLC |
Dental services | 10/2016 | 8.8 | % | 199.4 | 199.4 | |||||||||
AMZ Products Merger Corporation |
Specialty chemicals manufacturer | 12/2018 | 6.8 | % | 240.0 | 240.0 | |||||||||
BECO Holding Company, Inc.(5) |
Wholesale distributor of first response fire protection equipment and related parts | 12/2017 | 8.3 | % | 160.0 | 160.0 | |||||||||
Cambridge International, Inc. |
Manufacturer of custom designed and engineered metal products | 4/2018 | 8.0 | % | 88.3 | 83.9 | |||||||||
CCS Group Holdings, LLC(5) |
Correctional facility healthcare operator | 4/2016 | 8.0 | % | 142.8 | 142.8 | |||||||||
Chariot Acquisition, LLC |
Distributor and designer of aftermarket golf cart parts and accessories | 1/2018 | 8.8 | % | 146.8 | 146.8 | |||||||||
CIBT Holdings, Inc.(5) |
Expedited travel document processing services | 12/2017 | 8.5 | % | 146.4 | 146.4 | |||||||||
CT Technologies Intermediate Holdings, Inc. and CT Technologies Holdings LLC(3)(5) |
Healthcare analysis services provider | 3/2017 | 7.8 | % | 284.9 | 273.5 | |||||||||
CWD, LLC |
Supplier of automotive aftermarket brake parts | 3/2014 | 8.8 | % | 119.8 | 110.2 | |||||||||
Drayer Physical Therapy Institute, LLC |
Outpatient physical therapy provider | 7/2018 | 7.5 | % | 138.1 | 138.1 | |||||||||
Driven Holdings, LLC(5) |
Automotive aftermarket car care franchisor | 3/2017 | 7.0 | % | 160.4 | 160.4 | |||||||||
Excelligence Learning Corporation(5) |
Developer, manufacturer and retailer of educational products | 8/2016 | 8.0 | % | 115.8 | 115.8 | |||||||||
Fleischmann's Vinegar Company, Inc. |
Manufacturer and marketer of industrial vinegar products | 5/2016 | 8.9 | % | 59.6 | 59.6 | |||||||||
Fox Hill Holdings, LLC |
Third party claims administrator on behalf of insurance carriers | 12/2017 | 8.0 | % | 292.5 | 292.5 | |||||||||
III US Holdings, LLC |
Provider of library automation software and systems | 3/2018 | 7.6 | % | 202.9 | 202.9 | |||||||||
Implus Footcare, LLC(5) |
Provider of footwear and other accessories | 10/2016 | 9.5 | % | 178.0 | 178.0 | |||||||||
Instituto de Banca y Comercio, Inc. & Leeds IV Advisors, Inc.(5) |
Private school operator | 6/2015 | 10.5 | % | 165.6 | 165.6 | |||||||||
Intermedix Corporation(4) |
Revenue cycle management provider to the emergency healthcare industry | 12/2018 | 6.3 | % | 330.0 | 330.0 | |||||||||
LJSS Acquisition, Inc. |
Fluid power distributor | 9/2017 | 6.8 | % | 163.9 | 163.9 | |||||||||
MWI Holdings, Inc.(3) |
Highly engineered springs, fasteners, and other precision components | 6/2017 | 8.0 | % | 251.2 | 251.2 | |||||||||
Nordco, Inc. |
Designer and manufacturer of railroad maintenance-of-way machinery | 6/2016 | 7.0 | % | 113.2 | 113.2 | |||||||||
Oak Parent, Inc.(3) |
Manufacturer of athletic apparel | 4/2018 | 8.0 | % | 282.8 | 282.8 | |||||||||
Opinionology, LLC and Survey Sampling International LLC |
Provider of outsourced data collection to the market research industry | 7/2017 | 8.5 | % | 152.3 | 152.3 | |||||||||
Penn Detroit Diesel Allison, LLC |
Distributor of new equipment and aftermarket parts to the heavy-duty truck industry | 12/2016 | 9.0 | % | 65.3 | 65.3 | |||||||||
PetroChoice Holdings, LLC |
Provider of lubrication solutions | 1/2017 | 10.0 | % | 162.4 | 162.4 | |||||||||
Power Buyer, LLC |
Provider of emergency maintenance services for power transmission, distribution, and substation infrastructure | 12/2018 | 7.8 | % | 208.0 | 208.0 | |||||||||
Powersport Auctioneer Holdings, LLC(5) |
Powersport vehicle auction operator | 12/2016 | 8.5 | % | 40.7 | 40.7 |
69
SSLP Loan Portfolio as of December 31, 2012 |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(dollar amounts in millions) Portfolio Company |
Business Description | Maturity Date |
Stated Interest Rate(1) |
Principal Amount |
Fair Value(2) |
||||||||||
Pregis Corporation, Pregis Intellipack Corp. and Pregis Innovative Packaging Inc.(3) |
Provider of highly-customized and tailored protective packaging solutions | 3/2017 | 7.8 | % | 125.9 | 125.9 | |||||||||
PSSI Holdings, LLC |
Provider of mission-critical outsourced cleaning and sanitation services to the food processing industry | 6/2017 | 6.8 | % | 161.7 | 161.7 | |||||||||
Selig Sealing Products, Inc. |
Manufacturer of container sealing products for rigid packaging applications | 7/2018 | 7.8 | % | 169.6 | 169.6 | |||||||||
Singer Sewing Company |
Manufacturer of consumer sewing machines | 6/2017 | 7.3 | % | 199.0 | 199.0 | |||||||||
Strategic Partners, Inc. |
Supplier of medical uniforms, specialized medical footwear and accessories | 8/2018 | 7.8 | % | 234.4 | 234.4 | |||||||||
Talent Partners G.P. and Print Payroll Services, G.P. |
Provider of technology-enabled payroll to the advertising industry | 10/2017 | 8.0 | % | 65.5 | 65.5 | |||||||||
The Teaching Company, LLC and The Teaching Company Holdings, Inc.(3)(5) |
Education publications provider | 3/2017 | 9.0 | % | 113.9 | 113.9 | |||||||||
WB Merger Sub, Inc. |
Importer, distributor and developer of premium wine and spirits | 12/2016 | 9.0 | % | 164.2 | 164.2 | |||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
$ | 5,998.1 | $ | 5,972.7 | |||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
The amortized cost and fair value of the SSLP Certificates held by the Company was $1.7 billion and $1.8 billion, respectively, as of December 31, 2013, and $1.2 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively, as of December 31, 2012. The SSLP Certificates pay a weighted average contractual coupon of three month LIBOR plus approximately 8.0% and also entitle the holders thereof to receive a portion of the excess cash flow from the underlying loan portfolio, which may result in a return to the holders of the SSLP Certificates that is greater than both the contractual coupon on the SSLP Certificates as well as the weighted average yield on the SSLP's portfolio of 7.1% and 8.0% at December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The Company's yield on its investment in the SSLP at amortized cost and fair value was 15.0% and 14.8%, respectively, as of December 31, 2013, and 15.8% and 15.4%, respectively, as of December 31, 2012. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, the Company earned interest income of $224.9 million, $184.7 million and $118.4 million, respectively, from its investment in the SSLP Certificates.
The Company is also entitled to certain fees in connection with the SSLP. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, in connection with the SSLP, the Company earned capital structuring service, sourcing and other fees totaling $66.6 million, $58.2 million and $54.9 million respectively.
70
Effective March 30, 2012, Ares Capital Management assumed from the Company the role of co-manager of the SSLP. However, this change did not impact the Company's economics in respect of its participation in the SSLP and Ares Capital Management does not receive any remuneration in respect of its co-manager role.
Selected financial information for the SSLP as of and for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 is as follows:
|
As of and For the Years Ended December 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions)
|
2013 | 2012 | |||||
Selected Balance Sheet Information: |
|||||||
Investments in loans receivable, net |
$ | 8,601.6 | $ | 5,952.3 | |||
Cash and other assets |
$ | 142.3 | $ | 369.2 | |||
Total assets |
$ | 8,743.9 | $ | 6,321.5 | |||
Senior notes |
$ |
6,699.5 |
$ |
4,840.4 |
|||
Other liabilities |
$ | 64.2 | $ | 46.9 | |||
Total liabilities |
$ | 6,763.7 | $ | 4,887.3 | |||
Subordinated certificates and members' interests |
$ | 1,980.2 | $ | 1,434.2 | |||
Total liabilities and members' capital |
$ | 8,743.9 | $ | 6,321.5 | |||
Selected Statement of Operations Information: |
|||||||
Total revenues |
$ | 554.2 | $ | 479.4 | |||
Total expenses |
$ | 296.7 | $ | 258.7 | |||
Net income |
$ | 257.5 | $ | 220.7 |
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
Operating results for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 are as follows:
|
For the Years Ended December 31, |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions)
|
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||
Total investment income |
$ | 881.7 | $ | 748.0 | $ | 634.5 | ||||
Total expenses |
437.2 | 387.9 | 344.6 | |||||||
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income before income taxes |
444.5 | 360.1 | 289.9 | |||||||
Income tax expense, including excise tax |
14.1 | 11.2 | 7.5 | |||||||
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net investment income |
430.4 | 348.9 | 282.4 | |||||||
Net realized gains on investments |
63.7 | 46.7 | 96.6 | |||||||
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments |
(5.6 | ) | 115.3 | (40.2 | ) | |||||
Realized losses on extinquishment of debt |
| (2.7 | ) | (19.3 | ) | |||||
| | | | | | | | | | |
Net increase in stockholders' equity resulting from operations |
$ | 488.5 | $ | 508.2 | $ | 319.5 | ||||
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
71
Investment Income
|
For the Years Ended December 31, |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions)
|
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||
Interest income from investments |
$ | 647.9 | $ | 571.5 | $ | 473.2 | ||||
Capital structuring service fees |
91.7 | 102.1 | 97.4 | |||||||
Dividend income |
99.6 | 39.7 | 38.4 | |||||||
Management and other fees |
20.2 | 18.9 | 16.7 | |||||||
Other income |
22.3 | 15.8 | 8.8 | |||||||
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total investment income |
$ | 881.7 | $ | 748.0 | $ | 634.5 | ||||
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
The increase in interest income from investments for the year ended December 31, 2013 from the comparable period in 2012 was primarily due to the increase in the size of the portfolio, which increased from an average of $5.5 billion at amortized cost for the year ended December 31, 2012 to an average of $6.7 billion at amortized cost for the comparable period in 2013. Even though new investment commitments increased from $3.2 billion for the year ended December 31, 2012 to $4.0 billion for the comparable period in 2013, capital structuring service fees decreased for the year ended December 31, 2013 from the comparable period in 2012 primarily due to the decrease in the average capital structuring service fees received on new investments, which decreased from 3.2% in 2012 to 2.3% in 2013. The increase in dividend income for the year ended December 31, 2013 from the comparable period in 2012 was primarily due to $72.4 million in dividend payments from IHAM for the year ended December 31, 2013 as compared to $19.9 million for the comparable period in 2012. The dividend income from IHAM for the year ended December 31, 2013 included additional dividends of $32.4 million that were paid in addition to the quarterly dividends generally paid by IHAM. IHAM paid the additional dividends out of accumulated earnings that had previously been retained by IHAM. Also during the year ended December 31, 2013, we received $9.0 million in other non-recurring dividends from non-income producing equity securities compared to $2.2 million for the comparable period in 2012. The increase in other income for the year ended December 31, 2013 from the comparable period in 2012 was primarily attributable to higher amendment fees.
The increase in interest income from investments for the year ended December 31, 2012 from the comparable period in 2011 was primarily due to the increase in the size of the portfolio, which increased from an average of $4.6 billion at amortized cost for the year ended December 31, 2011 to an average of $5.5 billion at amortized cost for the comparable period in 2012. Even though new investment commitments decreased from $3.7 billion for the year ended December 31, 2011 to $3.2 billion for the comparable period in 2012, capital structuring service fees increased for the year ended December 31, 2012 from the comparable period in 2011 primarily due to the increase in the average capital structuring service fees received on new investments, which increased from 2.7% in 2011 to 3.2% in 2012. For the year ended December 31, 2012, dividend income included $19.9 million from the Company's investment in IHAM as compared to $19.0 million for the comparable period in 2011. Also during the year ended December 31, 2012, we received $2.2 million in other non-recurring dividends from non-income producing equity securities compared to $10.5 million for the comparable period in 2011. The increase in other income for the year ended December 31, 2012 from the comparable period in 2011 was primarily attributable to higher amendment, letter of credit and agency fees.
72
Operating Expenses
|
For the Years Ended December 31, |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions)
|
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||
Interest and credit facility fees |
$ | 171.5 | $ | 143.0 | $ | 122.5 | ||||
Incentive fees related to pre-incentive fee net investment income |
110.5 | 95.2 | 79.0 | |||||||
Incentive fees related to capital gains per GAAP |
11.6 | 31.9 | 33.3 | |||||||
Base management fees |
104.9 | 86.2 | 71.6 | |||||||
Professional fees |
13.6 | 12.0 | 16.7 | |||||||
Administrative fees |
12.3 | 9.3 | 9.5 | |||||||
Other general and administrative |
12.8 | 10.3 | 12.0 | |||||||
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total operating expenses |
$ | 437.2 | $ | 387.9 | $ | 344.6 | ||||
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Interest and credit facility fees for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, were comprised of the following:
|
For the Years Ended December 31, |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions)
|
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||
Stated interest expense |
$ | 136.3 | $ | 113.1 | $ | 92.2 | ||||
Facility fees |
8.2 | 5.5 | 6.1 | |||||||
Amortization of debt issuance costs |
13.2 | 13.1 | 13.2 | |||||||
Accretion of discount on notes payable |
13.8 | 11.3 | 11.0 | |||||||
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total interest and credit facility fees |
$ | 171.5 | $ | 143.0 | $ | 122.5 | ||||
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
Stated interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2013 increased from the comparable period in 2012 primarily due to the increase in the average principal amount of debt outstanding and an increase in our weighted average stated interest rate of our debt outstanding. For the year ended December 31, 2013, our average principal debt outstanding was $2.6 billion as compared to $2.2 billion for the comparable period in 2012, and the weighted average stated interest rate on our outstanding debt was 5.3% for the year ended December 31, 2013 as compared to 5.2% for the comparable period in 2012. The higher weighted average stated interest rate for the year ended December 31, 2013 relates to having borrowed, on a relative basis, less from our lower-cost floating rate revolving debt facilities and having more fixed- rate term debt outstanding.
Stated interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2012 increased from the comparable period in 2011 primarily due to the increase in the average principal amount of debt outstanding and an increase in our weighted average stated interest rate of our debt outstanding. For the year ended December 31, 2012, our average principal debt outstanding was $2.2 billion as compared to $1.8 billion for the comparable period in 2011, and the weighted average stated interest rate on our debt outstanding was 5.2% for the year ended December 31, 2012 as compared to 5.1% for the comparable period in 2011. The higher weighted average stated interest rate for the year ended December 31, 2012 relates to having borrowed, on a relative basis, less from our lower-cost floating rate revolving debt facilities and having more fixed-rate term debt outstanding.
The increase in base management fees and incentive fees related to pre-incentive fee net investment income for the year ended December 31, 2013 from the comparable period in 2012 and for the year ended December 31, 2012 from the comparable period in 2011 were both primarily due to the increase in the size of the portfolio and in the case of incentive fees, the related increase in pre-incentive fee net investment income.
73
For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011 the capital gains incentive fee expense accrual calculated in accordance with GAAP was $11.6 million, $31.9 million and $33.3 million, respectively. As a result of the Capital Gains Amendment to our investment advisory and management agreement during 2011, we accrued $26.0 million of capital gains incentive fees in accordance with GAAP for the year ended December 31, 2011 as a result of the application of the Capital Gains Amendment with respect to the assets purchased in the Allied Acquisition. The capital gains incentive fee accrued under GAAP includes an accrual related to unrealized capital appreciation, whereas the capital gains incentive fee actually payable under our investment advisory and management agreement does not. There can be no assurance that such unrealized capital appreciation will be realized in the future. The accrual for any capital gains incentive fee under GAAP in a given period may result in an additional expense if such cumulative amount is greater than in the prior period or a reduction of previously recorded expense if such cumulative amount is less than in the prior period. If such cumulative amount is negative, then there is no accrual. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the total capital gains incentive fee accrual calculated in accordance with GAAP was $80.9 million and $80.8 million, respectively (included in management and incentive fees payable in the consolidated balance sheet). However, the Capital Gains Fee actually payable under our investment advisory and management agreement for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012 was $17.4 million and $11.5 million, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2011 there was no Capital Gains Fee payable under our investment advisory and management agreement.
See Note 3 to our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2013 for more information on the base management and incentive fees.
Professional fees include legal, accounting, valuation and other professional fees incurred related to the management of the Company. The decrease in professional fees for the year ended December 31, 2012 from the comparable period in 2011 primarily resulted from declines in professional fees related to the Allied Acquisition following its completion in 2010 and having substantially completed the integration of Allied Capital by early 2011. Administrative fees represent fees paid to Ares Operations for our allocable portion of overhead and other expenses incurred by Ares Operations in performing its obligations under the administration agreement, including our allocable portion of the cost of certain of our executive officers and their respective staffs. Other general and administrative expenses include rent, insurance, depreciation, director's fees and other costs.
Income Tax Expense, Including Excise Tax
The Company has elected to be treated as a RIC under the Code and operates in a manner so as to qualify for the tax treatment applicable to RICs. To qualify as a RIC, the Company must, among other things, timely distribute to its stockholders generally at least 90% of its investment company taxable income, as defined by the Code, for each year. In order to maintain its RIC status, the Company, among other things, has made and intends to continue to make the requisite distributions to its stockholders which will generally relieve the Company from U.S. federal corporate-level income taxes.
Depending on the level of taxable income earned in a tax year, we may choose to carry forward taxable income in excess of current year dividend distributions from such current year taxable income into the next tax year and pay a 4% excise tax on such income, as required. To the extent that the Company determines that its estimated current year annual taxable income will be in excess of estimated current year dividend distributions from such income, the Company accrues excise tax on estimated excess taxable income as such taxable income is earned. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, we recorded a net expense of $10.3 million, $7.9 million and $6.6 million, respectively, for U.S. federal excise tax.
74
Certain of our consolidated subsidiaries are subject to U.S. federal and state income taxes. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, we recorded a tax expense of approximately $3.8 million, $3.2 million and $0.9 million, respectively, for these subsidiaries.
Net Realized Gains/Losses
During the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company had $1.8 billion of sales, repayments or exits of investments resulting in $63.7 million of net realized gains. These sales, repayments or exits included $442.3 million of investments sold to IHAM and certain vehicles managed by IHAM. A net realized loss of $0.1 million was recorded on these transactions. See Note 4 to our consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2013 for more detail on IHAM and its managed vehicles. Net realized gains of $63.7 million on investments were comprised of $112.9 million of gross realized gains and $49.2 million of gross realized losses.
The realized gains and losses on investments during the year ended December 31, 2013 consisted of the following:
(in millions) Portfolio Company |
Net Realized Gains (Losses) |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
Passport Health Communications, Inc. |
$ | 19.8 | ||
Financial Pacific Company |
17.7 | |||
Component Hardware Group, Inc. |
17.2 | |||
Tradesmen International, Inc. |
10.0 | |||
AWTP, LLC |
8.7 | |||
Performant Financial Corporation |
8.6 | |||
Senior Secured Loan Fund LLC |
7.1 | |||
Performance Food Group, Inc. |
4.1 | |||
eInstruction Corporation |
(40.3 | ) | ||
Other, net |
10.8 | |||
| | | | |
Total |
$ | 63.7 | ||
| | | | |
| | | | |
During the year ended December 31, 2012, the Company had $2.5 billion of sales, repayments or exits of investments resulting in $46.7 million of net realized gains. These sales, repayments or exits included $256.9 million of investments sold to IHAM and certain vehicles managed by IHAM. A net realized gain of $2.3 million was recorded on these transactions. Net realized gains of $46.7 million on investments were comprised of $172.0 million of gross realized gains and $125.3 million of gross realized losses. Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2012, in connection with the repayment in full of the $60 million aggregate principal amount of the Company's asset-backed notes (the "CLO Notes") issued under its 2006 debt securitization (the "Debt Securitization") ahead of their scheduled maturities, $2.7 million of unamortized debt issuance costs were expensed and recorded as a realized loss on the extinguishment of debt.
75
The realized gains and losses on investments during the year ended December 31, 2012 consisted of the following:
(in millions) Portfolio Company |
Net Realized Gains (Losses) |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
Reed Group, Ltd. |
$ | 41.5 | ||
Stag-Parkway, Inc. |
30.0 | |||
R3 Education, Inc. and EIC Acquisitions Corp. |
18.3 | |||
Savers, Inc. and SAI Acquisition Corporation |
15.2 | |||
BenefitMall Holdings Inc. |
12.5 | |||
Things Remembered Inc. and TRM Holdings Corporation |
9.6 | |||
Sunquest Information Systems, Inc. |
9.1 | |||
Norwesco |
5.7 | |||
OTG Management, Inc. |
4.0 | |||
Crescent Hotels & Resorts, LLC and affiliates |
(5.5 | ) | ||
LVCG Holdings LLC |
(6.6 | ) | ||
Direct Buy Holdings, Inc. and Direct Buy Investors, LP |
(8.3 | ) | ||
Aquila Binks Forest Development, LLC |
(9.5 | ) | ||
Making Memories Wholesale, Inc. |
(12.3 | ) | ||
Firstlight Financial Corporation |
(26.0 | ) | ||
Prommis Solutions, LLC |
(46.8 | ) | ||
Other, net |
15.8 | |||
| | | | |
Total |
$ | 46.7 | ||
| | | | |
| | | | |
During the year ended December 31, 2011, the Company had $2.5 billion of sales, repayments or exits of investments resulting in $96.6 million of net realized gains. These sales, repayments or exits included $261.3 million of investments sold to IHAM or certain vehicles managed by IHAM. A net realized gain of $0.1 million was recorded on these transactions. Net realized gains of $96.6 million on investments were comprised of $249.1 million of gross realized gains and $152.5 million of gross realized losses. Additionally, during the year ended December 31, 2011, in connection with the redemptions of all of the Company's outstanding 6.00% notes due on April 1, 2012 and all the Company's outstanding 6.625% notes due on July 15, 2011, the Company recognized a realized loss on the extinguishment of debt of $19.3 million.
76
The realized gains and losses on investments during the year ended December 31, 2011 consisted of the following:
(in millions) Portfolio Company |
Net Realized Gains (Losses) |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
Reflexite Corporation |
$ | 40.9 | ||
DSI Renal, Inc. |
27.5 | |||
Callidus Debt Partners CLO Fund VI, Ltd. |
23.9 | |||
Industrial Container Services, LLC |
19.9 | |||
Dryden XVIII Leveraged Loan 2007 Limited |
19.3 | |||
Penn Detroit Diesel Allison, LLC |
18.4 | |||
Callidus MAPS CLO Fund I LLC |
15.0 | |||
Callidus Debt Partners CLO Fund VII, Ltd. |
10.8 | |||
Callidus MAPS CLO Fund II, Ltd. |
8.2 | |||
Callidus Debt Partners CLO Fund IV, Ltd. |
8.0 | |||
Callidus Debt Partners CLO Fund V, Ltd. |
5.7 | |||
Border Foods, Inc. |
5.2 | |||
Driven Brands, Inc. |
4.5 | |||
Callidus Debt Partners CLO Fund III, Ltd. |
4.4 | |||
Sigma International Group, Inc. |
(4.3 | ) | ||
AWTP, LLC |
(7.6 | ) | ||
Universal Trailer Corporation |
(7.9 | ) | ||
HB&G Building Products, Inc. |
(9.1 | ) | ||
Summit Business Media, LLC |
(10.1 | ) | ||
Wastequip, Inc. |
(10.2 | ) | ||
Coverall North America, Inc. |
(12.3 | ) | ||
Primis Marketing Group, Inc. |
(14.1 | ) | ||
Cook Inlet Alternative Risk, LLC |
(15.7 | ) | ||
Direct Buy Holdings, Inc. |
(17.7 | ) | ||
MPBP Holdings, Inc. |
(27.7 | ) | ||
Other, net |
21.6 | |||
| | | | |
Total |
$ | 96.6 | ||
| | | | |
| | | | |
77
Net Unrealized Gains/Losses
We value our portfolio investments quarterly and the changes in value are recorded as unrealized gains or losses. Net unrealized gains and losses for the Company's portfolio for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, were comprised of the following:
|
For the Years Ended December 31, |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(in millions)
|
2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |||||||
Unrealized appreciation |
$ | 106.5 | $ | 151.0 | $ | 144.1 | ||||
Unrealized depreciation |
(105.1 | ) | (126.7 | ) | (205.1 | ) | ||||
Net unrealized (appreciation) depreciation reversed related to net realized gains or losses(1) |
(7.0 | ) | 91.0 | 20.8 | ||||||
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total net unrealized gains (losses) from investments |
$ | (5.6 | ) | $ | 115.3 | $ | (40.2 | ) | ||
| | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | |
The changes in unrealized appreciation and depreciation during the year ended December 31, 2013 consisted of the following:
(in millions) Portfolio Company |
Net Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
Senior Secured Loan Fund LLC |
$ | 9.8 | ||
Orion Foods, LLC |
7.0 | |||
10th Street, LLC |
6.8 | |||
American Broadband Communications, LLC |
6.6 | |||
Imperial Capital Private Opportunities, LP |
5.7 | |||
OTG Management, LLC |
4.5 | |||
The Dwyer Group |
4.2 | |||
Ciena Capital LLC |
(7.7 | ) | ||
Competitor Group, Inc. |
(9.5 | ) | ||
Instituto de Banca y Comercio, Inc. |
(12.6 | ) | ||
UL Holding Co., LLC |
(13.2 | ) | ||
CitiPostal Inc. |
(13.8 | ) | ||
Ivy Hill Asset Management, L.P. |
(13.9 | ) | ||
Other, net |
27.5 | |||
| | | | |
Total (net) |
$ | 1.4 | ||
| | | | |
| | | | |
78
The changes in unrealized appreciation and depreciation during the year ended December 31, 2012 consisted of the following:
(in millions) Portfolio Company |
Net Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
Ivy Hill Asset Management, L.P. |
$ | 41.6 | ||
ADF Restaurant Group, LLC |
12.2 | |||
R3 Education, Inc. |
6.9 | |||
Performant Financial Corporation |
6.5 | |||
Tradesmen International, Inc. |
6.5 | |||
AWTP, LLC |
6.2 | |||
Financial Pacific Company |
6.0 | |||
ELC Acquisition Corp. |
5.1 | |||
The Dwyer Group |
5.0 | |||
Campus Management Corp. |
(4.5 | ) | ||
Community Education Centers, Inc. |
(4.6 | ) | ||
Matrixx Initiatives, Inc. |
(4.8 | ) | ||
HCP Acquisition Holdings, LLC |
(6.2 | ) | ||
UL Holding Co., LLC |
(7.0 | ) | ||
RE Community Holdings II, Inc. |
(7.3 | ) | ||
American Broadband Communications, LLC |
(8.5 | ) | ||
Orion Foods, LLC |
(10.4 | ) | ||
eInstruction Corporation |
(16.7 | ) | ||
MVL Group, Inc. |
(27.9 | ) | ||
Other, net |
26.2 | |||
| | | | |
Total (net) |
$ | 24.3 | ||
| | | | |
| | | | |
79
The changes in unrealized appreciation and depreciation during the year ended December 31, 2011 consisted of the following:
(in millions) Portfolio Company |
Net Unrealized Appreciation (Depreciation) |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
Ivy Hill Asset Management, L.P. |
$ | 48.9 | ||
Firstlight Financial Corporation |
15.4 | |||
BenefitMall Holdings, Inc. |
9.5 | |||
Things Remembered Inc. |
5.5 | |||
American Broadband Holding Company |
5.3 | |||
Insight Pharmaceuticals Corporation |
4.9 | |||
Savers, Inc. |
4.9 | |||
The Step2 Company, LLC |
(4.5 | ) | ||
Direct Buy Holdings, Inc. |
(5.6 | ) | ||
VSS-Tranzact Holdings, LLC |
(6.3 | ) | ||
Orion Foods, LLC |
(6.8 | ) | ||
Making Memories Wholesale, Inc. |
(7.0 | ) | ||
Reed Group, Ltd. |
(8.3 | ) | ||
CitiPostal Inc. |
(11.0 | ) | ||
Pillar Processing, LLC |
(12.6 | ) | ||
Ciena Capital LLC |
(27.0 | ) | ||
eInstruction Corporation |
(27.9 | ) | ||
Prommis Solutions, LLC |
(43.2 | ) | ||
Other, net |
4.8 | |||
| | | | |
Total (net) |
$ | (61.0 | ) | |
| | | | |
| | | | |
FINANCIAL CONDITION, LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
The Company's liquidity and capital resources are generated primarily from the net proceeds of public offerings of equity and debt securities, advances from the Facilities, net proceeds from the issuance of other securities, including convertible unsecured notes, as well as cash flows from operations.
As of December 31, 2013, the Company had $149.6 million in cash and cash equivalents and $3.0 billion in total debt outstanding at carrying value ($3.1 billion at principal amount). Subject to leverage and borrowing base restrictions, the Company had approximately $1.8 billion available for additional borrowings under the Facilities as of December 31, 2013.
We may from time to time seek to retire or repurchase our common stock through cash purchases, as well as retire, cancel or purchase our outstanding debt through cash purchases and/or exchanges, in open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise. Such repurchases or exchanges, if any, will depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual and regulatory restrictions and other factors. The amounts involved may be material. In addition, we may from time to time enter into additional debt facilities, increase the size of existing facilities or issue additional debt securities, including unsecured debt and/or debt securities convertible into common stock. Any such incurrence or issuance would be subject to prevailing market conditions, our liquidity requirements, contractual and regulatory restrictions and other factors. In accordance with the Investment Company Act, with certain limited exceptions, we are only allowed to borrow amounts such that our asset coverage, calculated pursuant to the Investment Company Act, is at least 200% after such borrowing.
80
Equity Issuances
The following table summarizes the total shares issued and proceeds we received in underwritten public offerings of our common stock net of underwriting and offering costs for the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012. There were no sales of our equity securities during the year ended December 31, 2011.
(in millions, except per share data)
|
Shares issued |
Offering price per share(1) |
Proceeds net of underwriting discounts and offering costs |
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2013 |
||||||||||
December 2013 public offering |
16.4 | $ | 17.47 | $ | 286.0 | |||||
October 2013 public offering |
12.7 | $ | 16.98 | $ | 214.3 | |||||
April 2013 public offering |
19.1 | $ | 17.43 | $ | 333.2 | |||||
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total for the year ended December 31, 2013 |
48.2 | $ | 833.5 | |||||||
2012 |
||||||||||
August 2012 public offering |
25.9 | $ | 16.55 | $ | 427.6 | |||||
January 2012 public offering |
16.4 | $ | 15.41 | $ | 252.4 | |||||
| | | | | | | | | | |
Total for the year ended December 31, 2012 |
42.3 | $ | 680.0 |
As of December 31, 2013, total equity market capitalization for the Company was $5.3 billion compared to $4.4 billion as of December 31, 2012.
81
Debt Capital Activities
Our debt obligations consisted of the following as of December 31, 2013 and 2012:
|
As of December 31, | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2013 | 2012 | |||||||||||||||||
(in millions)
|
Total Aggregate Principal Amount Available/ Outstanding(1) |
Principal Amount |
Carrying Value |
Total Aggregate Principal Amount Available/ Outstanding(1) |
Principal Amount |
Carrying Value |
|||||||||||||
Revolving Credit Facility |
$ | 1,060.0 | (2) | $ | | $ | | $ | 900.0 | $ | | $ | | ||||||
Revolving Funding Facility |
620.0 | (3) | 185.0 | 185.0 | 620.0 | 300.0 | 300.0 | ||||||||||||
SMBC Funding Facility |
400.0 | | | 400.0 | | | |||||||||||||
February 2016 Convertible Notes |
575.0 | 575.0 | 556.5 | (4) | 575.0 | 575.0 | 548.5 | (4) | |||||||||||
June 2016 Convertible Notes |
230.0 | 230.0 | 221.8 | (4) | 230.0 | 230.0 | 218.8 | (4) | |||||||||||
2017 Convertible Notes |
162.5 | 162.5 | 159.2 | (4) | 162.5 | 162.5 | 158.3 | (4) | |||||||||||
2018 Convertible Notes |
270.0 | 270.0 | 264.1 | (4) | 270.0 | 270.0 | 262.8 | (4) | |||||||||||
2019 Convertible Notes |
300.0 | 300.0 | 295.3 | (4) | | | | ||||||||||||
2018 Notes |
600.0 | 600.0 | 596.7 | (5) | | | | ||||||||||||
February 2022 Notes |
143.8 | 143.8 | 143.8 | 143.8 | 143.8 | 143.8 | |||||||||||||
October 2022 Notes |
182.5 | 182.5 | 182.5 | 182.5 | 182.5 | 182.5 | |||||||||||||
2040 Notes |
200.0 | 200.0 | 200.0 | 200.0 | 200.0 | 200.0 | |||||||||||||
2047 Notes |
230.0 | 230.0 | 181.4 | (6) | 230.0 | 230.0 | 181.2 | (6) | |||||||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
|
$ | 4,973.8 | $ | 3,078.8 | $ | 2,986.3 | $ | 3,913.8 | $ | 2,293.8 | $ | 2,195.9 | |||||||
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
82
The weighted average stated interest rate and weighted average maturity, both on aggregate principal amount, of all our debt outstanding as of December 31, 2013 were 5.3% and 7.9 years, respectively, and as of December 31, 2012 were 5.5% and 9.8 years, respectively.
The ratio of total principal amount of debt outstanding to stockholders' equity as of December 31, 2013 was 0.63:1.00 compared to 0.58:1.00 as of December 31, 2012. The ratio of total carrying value of debt outstanding to stockholders' equity as of December 31, 2013 was 0.61:1.00 compared to 0.55:1.00 as of December 31, 2012.