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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2017
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES [Abstract]  
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
1.
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Business Activities— Lincoln Educational Services Corporation and its subsidiaries (collectively, the “Company”, “we”, “our” and “us”, as applicable) provide diversified career-oriented post-secondary education to recent high school graduates and working adults.  The Company, which currently operates 28 schools in 15 states, offers programs in automotive technology, skilled trades (which include HVAC, welding and computerized numerical control and electronic systems technology, among other programs), healthcare services (which include nursing, dental assistant, medical administrative assistant and pharmacy technician, among other programs), hospitality services (which include culinary, therapeutic massage, cosmetology and aesthetics) and business and information technology (which includes information technology and criminal justice programs).  The schools operate under Lincoln Technical Institute, Lincoln College of Technology, Lincoln College of New England, Lincoln Culinary Institute, and Euphoria Institute of Beauty Arts and Sciences and associated brand names.  Most of the campuses serve major metropolitan markets and each typically offers courses in multiple areas of study.  Five of the campuses are destination schools, which attract students from across the United States and, in some cases, from abroad. The Company’s other campuses primarily attract students from their local communities and surrounding areas.  All of the campuses are nationally or regionally accredited and are eligible to participate in federal financial aid programs by the U.S. Department of Education (the “DOE”) and applicable state education agencies and accrediting commissions which allow students to apply for and access federal student loans as well as other forms of financial aid.

In the first quarter of 2015, we reorganized our operations into three reportable business segments:  (a) Transportation and Skilled Trades, (b) Healthcare and Other Professions (“HOPS”), and (c) Transitional which refers to businesses that have been or are currently being taught out.  In November 2015, the Board of Directors approved a plan for the Company to divest the schools included in the HOPS segment due to a strategic shift in the Company’s business strategy.  The Company underwent an exhaustive process to divest the HOPS schools which proved successful in attracting various purchasers but, ultimately, did not result in a transaction that our Board believed would enhance shareholder value. When the decision was first made by the Board of Directors to divest HOPS, 18 campuses were operating in this segment.  By the end of 2017, we will have strategically closed seven underperforming campuses leaving a total of eleven campuses remaining under HOPS.   The Company believes that the closures and planned closures of the aforementioned campuses has positioned this segment and the Company to be more profitable going forward as well as maximizing returns for the Company’s shareholders.

The combination of several factors, including the inability of the prospective buyer of the HOPS segment to close on the purchase, the improvements the Company has implemented in the HOPS operations, the closure of seven underperforming campuses and the change in federal government administration, resulted in the Board reevaluating its divestiture plan and the determination that shareholder value would more likely be enhanced by continuing to operate our HOPS segment as revitalized.  Consequently, in the first quarter of 2017, the Board of Directors abandoned the plan to divest the HOPS segment and the Company intends to retain the HOPS segment.  The results of operations of the campuses included in the HOPS business segment are reflected as continuing operations in the consolidated financial statements.
 
In the fourth quarter of 2016, the Company completed the teach-out of its Hartford, Connecticut and Henderson (Green Valley), Nevada campuses.  Also in 2016, the Company announced the closing of its Northeast Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center City Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and West Palm Beach, Florida facilities, each of which is expected to be fully taught out and closed during 2017.  In addition, in March 2017, the Board of Directors approved a plan to not renew the leases at our schools in Brockton, Massachusetts and Lowell, Massachusetts.  These schools, which are being taught out and expected to be closed in December 2017, are included in the Transitional segment as of June 30, 2017.
 
LiquidityFor the last several years, the Company and the proprietary school sector have faced deteriorating earnings. Government regulations have negatively impacted earnings by making it more difficult for potential students to obtain loans, which, when coupled with the overall economic environment, have discouraged potential students from enrolling in post-secondary schools. In light of these factors, the Company has incurred significant operating losses as a result of lower student population.  Despite these events, the Company believes that its likely sources of cash should be sufficient to fund operations for the next twelve months and thereafter for the foreseeable future.  At June 30, 2017, the Company’s sources of cash primarily included cash and cash equivalents of $13.4 million (of which $6.2 million is restricted). The Company is also continuing to take actions to improve cash flow by aligning its cost structure to its student population.
 
In addition to the current sources of capital discussed above that provide short term liquidity, the Company plans to sell three West Palm Beach, Florida properties and associated assets, which are currently classified as held for sale and are expected to be sold within one year from the date of classification.  On March 14, 2017, the Company entered into a purchase and sale agreement with Tambone Companies, LLC, pursuant to which the Company has agreed to sell two of the three properties (the “West Palm Beach Property”) for a cash purchase price of $15.7 million.  The purchase and sale agreement, as amended, is among other things, subject to customary closing conditions but the Company expects to close on the transaction in the third quarter of 2017.  On April 28, 2017, the Company obtained from its lender, Sterling National Bank, an $8 million bridge term loan secured by the West Palm Beach Property.  The bridge loan must be repaid upon the earlier of the sale of the West Palm Beach Property or October 1, 2017.
 
Basis of Presentation – The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared by the Company pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”) for interim financial statements.  Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements have been omitted or condensed pursuant to such regulations.  These statements, which should be read in conjunction with the December 31, 2016 consolidated financial statements and related disclosures of the Company included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, reflect all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring adjustments and impairments necessary to present fairly the consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows for such periods.  The results of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2017 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full fiscal year ending December 31, 2017.

The unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries.  All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.

Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements – The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the period.  On an ongoing basis, the Company evaluates the estimates and assumptions including those related to revenue recognition, bad debts, impairments, fixed assets, income taxes, benefit plans and certain accruals.  Actual results could materially differ from those estimates.

New Accounting Pronouncements – The Financial Accounting Standards Board (the “FASB”) has issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2017-09,” “Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718) — Scope of Modification Accounting.” ASU 2017-09 applies to entities that change the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award. The FASB adopted ASU 2017-09 to provide clarity and reduce diversity in practice as well as cost and complexity when applying the guidance in Topic 718, Compensation—Stock Compensation, to the modification of the terms and conditions of a share-based payment award. The amendments provide guidance on determining which changes to the terms and conditions of share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting under Topic 718. ASU 2017-09 is effective for all entities for annual periods, including interim periods within those annual periods, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted, including adoption in any interim period, for public business entities for reporting periods for which financial statements have not yet been issued. The Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2017-09 will have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-07, “Compensation—Retirement Benefits (Topic 715): Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost.” ASU 2017-07 requires that an employer report the service cost component in the same line item or items as other compensation costs arising from services rendered by the pertinent employees during the period. The other components of net benefit cost are required to be presented in the statement of comprehensive income separately from the service cost component and outside a subtotal of operating income. The ASU is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently assessing the impact of this update on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment.”  ASU 2017-04 provides amendments to Accounting Standards Code (“ASC”) No. 350, “Intangibles - Goodwill and Other,” which eliminate Step 2 from the goodwill impairment test. Entities should perform their goodwill impairment tests by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount and recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit's fair value. The amendments in this update are effective prospectively during interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted.  The Company early adopted the provisions of ASU 2017-04 as of April 1, 2017.  As fair values for our operating units exceed their carrying values, there has been no impact on our consolidated financial statements.
 
The FASB has recently issued several amendments to the new standard on revenue recognition, ASU No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” The amendments include ASU  No. 2016-08, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)—Principal versus Agent Considerations,” which was issued in March 2016, and clarifies the implementation guidance for principal versus agent considerations in ASU 2014-09, and ASU No. 2016-10, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)—Identifying Performance Obligations and Licensing,” which was issued in April 2016, and amends the guidance in ASU No. 2014-09 related to identifying performance obligations. The new standard permits adoption either by using (i) a full retrospective approach for all periods presented in the period of adoption or (ii) a modified retrospective approach with the cumulative effect of initially applying the new standard recognized at the date of initial application and providing certain additional disclosures.
 
The new standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, with early adoption permitted for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016. We do not plan to early adopt and, accordingly, we will adopt the new standard effective January 1, 2018. The Company’s assessment of the potential impact is substantially complete based on our review of current enrollment agreements and other revenue generating contracts. We believe the timing of recognizing revenue for tuition and student fees will not significantly change. The Company is closely reviewing its book revenue stream to determine whether the performance obligation of the Company is satisfied over time and revenue is recognized over the length of the student contract, which is the Company’s current practice with respect to revenue recognition, or whether the performance obligation of the Company is satisfied at the point in time and revenue is recognized when students’ books are delivered.  Additionally, we are currently assessing the impacts related to the accounting for contract assets separate from accounts receivable and are evaluating the point at which a student’s contract asset becomes a receivable.
 
We are in the process of updating our revenue accounting policy and implementing changes to our business process and controls in response to the new standard, as necessary.  During the second half of 2017, we will finalize our revenue related documentation.  The Company currently expects to adopt the new standard on a modified retrospective basis with the cumulative effect of the change reflected in retained earnings as of January 1, 2018 and not restate prior periods.

In November 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-18: “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash.” This guidance was issued to address the diversity that exists in the classification and presentation of changes in restricted cash on the statement of cash flows. The amendments will require that the statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. The amendments are effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The amendments will be applied using a retrospective transition method to each period presented. The Company anticipates that the adoption will not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In August 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-15, “Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments” to address eight specific cash flow issues with the objective of reducing the existing diversity in practice. The amendments are effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company anticipates that the adoption will not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

The Company prospectively applied ASU 2016-09, “Improvements to Employee Share Based Payment Accounting,” to the condensed consolidated statement of operations for the recognition of tax benefits within the provision for taxes, which previously would have been recorded to additional paid-in capital. The impact for the six months ended June 30, 2017 was $0. In addition, the Company retrospectively recognized no tax benefits within operating activities within the condensed consolidated statements of cash flow for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016. The presentation requirements for cash flows related to employee taxes paid for withheld shares had no impact to any of the periods presented in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows, since such cash flows have historically been presented in financing activities. The treatment of forfeitures has not changed as the Company is electing to continue the current process of estimating the number of forfeitures. There was no cumulative-effect adjustment required to retained earnings under the prospective method as of the beginning of the year because all tax benefits had been previously recognized when the tax deductions related to stock compensation were utilized to reduce tax payable. The Company is not recording deferred tax assets or tax losses as the result of the adoption of ASU 2016-09.

In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance requiring lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for substantially all leases, with the exception of short-term leases. Leases will be classified as either financing or operating, with classification affecting the pattern of expense recognition in the statements of income. The guidance is effective for annual periods, including interim periods within those periods, beginning after December 15, 2018, with early adoption permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact that the update will have on our results of operations, financial condition and financial statement disclosures.

Stock-Based Compensation – The Company measures the value of stock options on the grant date at fair value, using the Black-Scholes option valuation model.  The Company amortizes the fair value of stock options, net of estimated forfeitures, utilizing straight-line amortization of compensation expense over the requisite service period of the grant.
 
The Company measures the value of service and performance-based restricted stock on the fair value of a share of common stock on the date of the grant. The Company amortizes the fair value of service-based restricted stock utilizing straight-line amortization of compensation expense over the requisite service period of the grant.

The Company amortizes the fair value of the performance-based restricted stock based on the determination of the probable outcome of the performance condition.  If the performance condition is expected to be met, then the Company amortizes the fair value of the number of shares expected to vest utilizing straight-line basis over the requisite performance period of the grant.  However, if the associated performance condition is not expected to be met, then the Company does not recognize the stock-based compensation expense.

Income Taxes – The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Code (“ASC”) Topic 740, “Income Taxes” (“ASC 740”). This statement requires an asset and liability approach for measuring deferred taxes based on temporary differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities existing at each balance sheet date using enacted tax rates for years in which taxes are expected to be paid or recovered.

In accordance with ASC 740, the Company assesses its deferred tax asset to determine whether all or any portion of the asset is more likely than not unrealizable.  A valuation allowance is required to be established or maintained when, based on currently available information, it is more likely than not that all or a portion of a deferred tax asset will not be realized. In accordance with ASC 740, the Company’s assessment considers whether there has been sufficient income in recent years and whether sufficient income is expected in future years in order to utilize the deferred tax asset. In evaluating the realizability of deferred income tax assets, the Company considered, among other things, historical levels of income, expected future income, the expected timing of the reversals of existing temporary reporting differences, and the expected impact of tax planning strategies that may be implemented to prevent the potential loss of future income tax benefits. Significant judgment is required in determining the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements and/or tax returns.  Differences between anticipated and actual outcomes of these future tax consequences could have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations.  Changes in, among other things, income tax legislation, statutory income tax rates, or future income levels could materially impact the Company’s valuation of income tax assets and liabilities and could cause the Company’s income tax provision to vary significantly among financial reporting periods.

The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.  During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, the Company did not have any interest and penalties expense associated with uncertain tax positions.