Deferred Costs and Intangibles, net

Deferred costs consist primarily of acquired lease intangible assets, broker fees and capitalized salaries and related benefits incurred in connection with lease originations. Deferred leasing costs, lease intangibles and similar costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the related leases. At December 31, 2018 and 2017, deferred costs consisted of the following:



($ in thousands)	2018			2017
Acquired lease intangible assets	$	81,852		$	107,668
Deferred leasing costs and other	69,870			68,335
	151,722			176,003
Less—accumulated amortization	(56,307		)	(63,644		)
Subtotal	$	95,415		$	112,359
Less - asset held for sale	(151		)	—
Total	95,264			112,359

The estimated net amounts of amortization from acquired lease intangible assets for each of the next five years and thereafter are as follows:



($ in thousands)	Amortization of above market leases		Amortization of acquired lease intangible assets		Total
2019	$	1,257	$	6,086	$	7,343
2020	1,072		5,297		6,369
2021	793		4,231		5,024
2022	553		3,678		4,231
2023	493		2,991		3,484
Thereafter	1,990		19,122		21,112
Total	$	6,158	$	41,405	$	47,563

Amortization of deferred leasing costs, leasing intangibles and other is included in depreciation and amortization expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. The amortization of above market lease intangibles is included as a reduction to revenue. The amounts of such amortization included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations are as follows:



($ in thousands)	For the year ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
Amortization of deferred leasing costs, lease intangibles and other	$	18,648	$	22,960	$	24,898
Amortization of above market lease intangibles	2,553		4,025		6,602