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ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES
1. ORGANIZATION AND PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES

 

KongZhong Corporation ("KongZhong") was incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands on May 6, 2002. KongZhong and its consolidated entities (collectively, the "Company") provide wireless interactive entertainment, media and community services to mobile phone users, and internet games.

 

As of December 31, 2011, details of the Company's significant majority-owned subsidiaries and VIEs are as follows:

 

    Incorporation or   Shareholder/        
Name   acquisition date/place   nominee owner   Legal ownership   Principal activities
            %    
                 
Subsidiaries:                
                 
KongZhong Information Technologies   July 2002   KongZhong   100   Providing consulting
(Beijing) Co., Ltd. ("KongZhong Beijing")   People's Republic           and technology services 
    of China ("PRC")          
                 
KongZhong China Co., Ltd.   June 2005   KongZhong   100   Providing consulting
("KongZhong China")   the PRC           and technology services
                 
Simlife (Beijing) Science Co., Ltd.   June 2009   Simlife   100   Providing consulting
("Simlife Beijing ")   the PRC   International Inc.       and technology services
                 
Success Blueprint Limited   October 2009   KongZhong   100   Providing novel license
("Success Blueprint")   British Virgin Islands         to overseas 
                 
Dacheng Holdings Limited   January 2010   KongZhong   100   Providing internet games
("Dacheng Holdings")   Cayman Islands         services 
                 
Dacheng Investment (Hong Kong) Limited   January 2010   KongZhong   100   Providing internet games
("Dacheng Hong Kong")   Hong Kong         services 
                 
VIEs:                
                 
Beijing AirInbox Information   April 2002   Linguang Wu   45   Providing wireless
Technologies Co., Ltd.   the PRC   SonglinYang   42   value-added services
("Beijing AirInbox")       Guijun Wang   10   to mobile phone users
        Zhen Huang   3    
                 
Beijing Wireless Interactive   February 2005   Yang Yang   40   Providing wireless
Network Technologies Co., Ltd.   the PRC   Jingye Sun   30   value-added services
("Beijing WINT")       Li Ai   30   to mobile phone users
                 
Beijing Chengxitong Information   November 2005   Yang Li   90   Providing wireless
Technology Co., Ltd.   the PRC   Xuelei Wu   10   value-added services
("Beijing Chengxitong")               to mobile phone users
                 
Beijing Xinrui Network Technology Co., Ltd.   January 2006   Guijun Wang   51   Providing wireless
("Beijing Xinrui")   the PRC   Yang Li   49   value-added services
                to mobile phone users
                 
Shanghai Mailifang   March 2009   Xu Guo   90   Providing wireless
Communication Co., Ltd.   the PRC   Yang Yang   10   value-added services
("Shanghai Mailifang")               to mobile phone users
                 
Xiamen Xinreli Technology   June 2009   Tao Jia   80   Providing wireless
Co., Ltd. ("Xiamen Simlife")   the PRC   Junhong Chen   20   value-added services
                to mobile phone users
                 
Shanghai Dacheng Network   January 2010   Leilei Wang   59   Providing internet games
Technology Co., Ltd. ("Shanghai Dacheng")   the PRC   Zhen Yang   41   services

 

 

 

  Incorporation or   Shareholder/         
Name   acquisition date/place   nominee owner   Legal ownership   Principal activities
                 
Subsidiaries of VIE:                
                 
Beijing Boya Wuji Technologies Co., Ltd.   March 2004   Beijing AirInbox   100   Providing wireless
("Beijing Boya Wuji")   the PRC         value-added services 
              to mobile phone users 
                 
Tianjin Mammoth Technologies   May 2005   Beijing AirInbox   95   Mobile games
Co., Ltd. ("Tianjin Mammoth")   the PRC   Beijing WINT   5   developing services
                 
Beijing Shiyuan Leya Culture Communication   July 2008   Beijing Xinrui   100   Providing wireless
Co., Ltd. ("Beijing Shiyuan Leya")   the PRC         value-added services to 
              mobile phone users 
                 
Nanjing Net Book Culture Co., Ltd.   October 2009   Beijing Chengxitong   100   Providing
("Nanjing Zhulang")   the PRC         internet novel services 
                 
Wuxi Dacheng Network   January 2010   Shanghai Dacheng   100   Providing internet games
Technology Co.,Ltd. ("Wuxi Dacheng")   the PRC         services 
                 
Shenzhen Zhida Network Technology   February 2010   Beijing WINT   100   Providing technology
Co., Ltd. ("Shenzhen Zhida")   the PRC         services to mobile 
              phone manufactures 

 

The VIE arrangements

 

PRC regulations prohibit direct foreign ownership of business entities providing value-added telecommunications services in the PRC where certain licenses are required for the provision of such services. To comply with these regulations, the Company conducts the majority of its activities through its VIEs and their subsidiaries.

 

To provide the Company effective control over and the ability to receive substantially all of the economic benefits of its VIEs and their subsidiaries, KongZhong Beijing, or KongZhong China, or Simlife Beijing (collectively, the "Foreign Owned Subsidiaries") has entered into a series of contractual arrangements with Beijing AirInbox, Beijing WINT, Beijing Chengxitong, Shanghai Mailifang, Xiamen Simlife, Beijing Xinrui and Shanghai Dacheng (collectively the "VIE Companies"), respectively, as summarized below:

 

Name of Foreign Owned Subsidiaries   Name of VIE Companies
     
KongZhong Beijing   Beijing AirInbox
KongZhong Beijing   Beijing WINT
KongZhong Beijing   Beijing Chengxitong
KongZhong Beijing   Shanghai Mailifang
Simlife Beijing   Xiamen Simlife
KongZhong China   Beijing Xinrui
KongZhong China   Shanghai Dacheng

 

· Agreements that provide the Foreign Owned Subsidiaries effective control over the VIE Companies

Business operation agreement. The Foreign Owned Subsidiaries have entered into business operation agreements with the VIE Companies and their respective shareholders, respectively. Pursuant to these agreements, the VIE companies and their respective shareholders agreed to appoint individuals designated by the Foreign Owned Subsidiaries to the management team of the VIE Companies and to refrain from taking certain actions that may materially affect these VIE Companies' operations.

 

Under their original terms, the business operation agreements of Beijing AirInbox and Xiamen Simlife will expire in 2016 and 2019, respectively. The business operation agreement of Beijing AirInbox will be automatically extended for another ten years unless KongZhong Beijing writes to terminate the agreement three months before the expiration of the agreement. The business operation agreement of Xiamen Simlife could be extended upon the requirements of Simlife Beijing. The business operation agreements of the remaining VIEs do not contain any expiration provision.

 

The VIEs have no authority to terminate the business operation agreements.

 

Power of attorney. Each of the shareholders of the VIE Companies has also executed an irrevocable power of attorney in favor of individuals designated by the Foreign Owned Subsidiaries. Pursuant to these powers of attorney, those designated individuals have full power and authority to exercise all of such shareholders' rights with respect to their equity interests in the VIE Companies.

 

· Agreements that transfer economic benefits to the Foreign Owned Subsidiaries

 

Exclusive technical and consulting services agreement. The Foreign Owned Subsidiaries have entered into exclusive technical and consulting services agreements with the VIE Companies, respectively. Pursuant to these technical and consulting services agreements, the Foreign Owned Subsidiaries provide certain technical and consulting services to the VIE Companies in exchange for service fees.

 

Under their original terms, the exclusive technical and consulting services agreements of Beijing AirInbox, Shanghai Mailifang, Beijing Xinrui and Shanghai Dacheng will expire in 2014, 2019, 2019 and 2020, respectively. The exclusive technical and consulting services agreements of these VIEs will be automatically extended for another ten years unless the relevant Foreign Owned Subsidiaries write to terminate the agreements three months before the expiration of the agreements. The technical and consulting services agreements of the remaining VIEs do not contain any expiration provision.

 

The VIEs have no authority to terminate the exclusive technical and consulting services agreements.

 

 

Equity pledge agreement. Each of the shareholders of the VIE Companies has also entered into an equity pledge agreement with the respective Foreign Owned Subsidiary, pursuant to which these shareholders pledged their respective interests in the VIE Companies to guarantee the performance of such VIE Companies' payment obligations under the respective exclusive technical and consulting services agreements.

 

· Agreements that provide the Foreign Owned Subsidiaries the option to purchase the equity interest in the VIE Companies

 

Exclusive option agreement. Each of the VIE Companies and their respective shareholders have also entered into an exclusive share option agreement with the respective Foreign Owned Subsidiary. Pursuant to these agreements, each of the shareholders of the VIE Companies has granted an exclusive option to the Foreign Owned Subsidiaries or their designees to purchase all or part of such shareholder's equity interest in the VIE Companies, at a purchase price equal to the respective capital of the VIE companies or a price required under PRC laws at the time of such purchase.

 

Risks in relation to the VIE structure

 

The Company believes that the Foreign Owned Subsidiaries' contractual arrangements with the VIE Companies are in compliance with PRC law and are legally enforceable. However, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could limit the Company's ability to enforce these contractual arrangements and the interests of the shareholders of the VIE Companies may diverge from that of the Company and that may potentially increase the risk that they would seek to act contrary to the contractual terms, for example by influencing the VIE Companies not to pay the service fees when required to do so.

 

The Company's ability to control the VIE Companies also depends on the power of attorney the Foreign Owned Subsidiaries have to vote on all matters requiring shareholder approval in the VIE Companies. As noted above, the Company believes this power of attorney is legally enforceable but may not be as effective as direct equity ownership.

 

In addition, if the legal structure and contractual arrangements were found to be in violation of any existing PRC laws and regulations, the Company may be subject to fines or other actions. The Company does not believe such actions would result in the liquidation or dissolution of the Company, the Foreign Owned Subsidiaries or the VIE Companies.

 

 

The Company, through its subsidiaries and through the contractual arrangements, has (1) the power to direct the activities of the VIEs that most significantly affect the entity's economic performance and (2) the right to receive benefits from the VIEs. Accordingly, the Company is the primary beneficiary of the VIE Companies and has consolidated the financial results of the VIE Companies.

 

The following financial statement amounts and balances of KongZhong's VIEs were included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements:

  

    Years ended December 31,  
    2010     2011  
    $     $  
             
Total current assets     105,809,341       139,333,143  
Total assets     109,930,914       143,283,271  
                 
Total current liabilities     18,417,641       25,767,750  
Total liabilities     18,895,098       26,039,372  

 

    Years ended December 31,  
    2009     2010     2011  
    $     $     $  
                   
Gross revenues     129,526,292       145,516,670       154,828,573  
Net income     22,383,613       21,053,062       22,628,312  

 

 

    Years ended December 31,  
    2009     2010     2011  
    $     $     $  
                   
Net cash provided by operating activities     17,750,530       23,547,374       29,159,789  
Net cash used in investing activities     1,653,372       2,471,765       16,777,374  

  

There are no consolidated VIE's assets that are collateral for the VIE's obligations and which can only be used to settle the VIE's obligations.