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Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2012
Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses: [Abstract]  
Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses
Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses:
The components of loans receivable are as follows (in thousands):
 
December 31, 2012
 
Loans
Receivable
 
%
 
Individually
Evaluated for
Impairment
 
Collectively
Evaluated for
Impairment
Commercial
$
121,307

 
23.0
%
 
$
6,133

 
$
115,174

Commercial real estate
186,844

 
35.4
%
 
3,373

 
183,471

Commercial construction
3,832

 
0.7
%
 
—

 
3,832

Land and land development loans
31,278

 
5.9
%
 
2,023

 
29,255

Agriculture
85,967

 
16.3
%
 
2,134

 
83,833

Multifamily
16,544

 
3.1
%
 
—

 
16,544

Residential real estate
60,020

 
11.3
%
 
2,362

 
57,658

Residential construction
940

 
0.2
%
 
—

 
940

Consumer
9,626

 
1.8
%
 
168

 
9,458

Municipal
12,267

 
2.3
%
 
—

 
12,267

Total loans receivable
528,625

 
100.0
%
 
$
16,193

 
$
512,432

Allowance for loan losses
(7,943
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred loan fees, net of direct origination costs
86

 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans receivable, net
$
520,768

 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average interest rate
5.28
%
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
December 31, 2011
 
Loans
Receivable
 
%
 
Individually
Evaluated for
Impairment
 
Collectively
Evaluated for
Impairment
Commercial
$
110,395

 
21.4
%
 
$
8,585

 
$
101,810

Commercial real estate
167,586

 
32.6
%
 
10,918

 
156,668

Commercial construction
6,335

 
1.2
%
 
747

 
5,588

Land and land development loans
38,499

 
7.5
%
 
5,173

 
33,326

Agriculture
81,316

 
15.8
%
 
2,423

 
78,893

Multifamily
26,038

 
5.1
%
 
—

 
26,038

Residential real estate
58,861

 
11.4
%
 
4,013

 
54,848

Residential construction
2,742

 
0.5
%
 
—

 
2,742

Consumer
11,847

 
2.3
%
 
276

 
11,571

Municipal
11,063

 
2.2
%
 
—

 
11,063

Total loans receivable
514,682

 
100.0
%
 
$
32,135

 
$
482,547

Allowance for loan losses
(12,690
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred loan fees, net of direct origination costs
260

 
 
 
 
 
 
Loans receivable, net
$
502,252

 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average interest rate
6.04
%
 
 
 
 
 
 


The components of the allowance for loan loss by types are as follows (in thousands):
 
December 31, 2012
 
Total
Allowance
 
Individually
Evaluated
Allowance
 
Collectively
Evaluated
Allowance
Commercial
$
2,156

 
$
628

 
$
1,528

Commercial real estate
2,762

 
267

 
2,495

Commercial construction
101

 
—

 
101

Land and land development loans
1,197

 
114

 
1,083

Agriculture
228

 
10

 
218

Multifamily
51

 
—

 
51

Residential real estate
1,144

 
458

 
686

Residential construction
24

 
—

 
24

Consumer
202

 
87

 
115

Municipal
78

 
—

 
78

Total
$
7,943

 
$
1,564

 
$
6,379


 
December 31, 2011
 
Total
Allowance
 
Individually
Evaluated
Allowance
 
Collectively
Evaluated
Allowance
Commercial
$
2,817

 
$
1,300

 
$
1,517

Commercial real estate
4,880

 
2,804

 
2,076

Commercial construction
500

 
252

 
248

Land and land development loans
2,273

 
728

 
1,545

Agriculture
172

 
32

 
140

Multifamily
91

 
—

 
91

Residential real estate
1,566

 
939

 
627

Residential construction
59

 
—

 
59

Consumer
295

 
195

 
100

Municipal
37

 
—

 
37

Total
$
12,690

 
$
6,250

 
$
6,440



A summary of current, past due and nonaccrual loans as of December 31, 2012 is as follows, (in thousands):

 
Current
 
30-89 Days
Past Due
 
90 Days or More
Past Due
and Accruing
 
Nonaccrual
 
Total
Commercial
$
117,096

 
$
169

 
$
—

 
$
4,042

 
$
121,307

Commercial real estate
185,128

 
—

 
—

 
1,716

 
186,844

Commercial construction
3,832

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
3,832

Land and land development loans
31,032

 
—

 
—

 
246

 
31,278

Agriculture
85,835

 
34

 
—

 
98

 
85,967

Multifamily
16,544

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
16,544

Residential real estate
59,158

 
439

 
—

 
423

 
60,020

Residential construction
940

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
940

Consumer
9,577

 
45

 
—

 
4

 
9,626

Municipal
12,267

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
12,267

Total
$
521,409

 
$
687

 
$
—

 
$
6,529

 
$
528,625


A summary of current, past due and nonaccrual loans as of December 31, 2011 is as follows, (in thousands):

 
Current
 
30-89 Days
Past Due
 
90 Days or More
Past Due
and Accruing
 
Nonaccrual
 
Total
Commercial
$
106,509

 
$
200

 
$
—

 
$
3,686

 
$
110,395

Commercial real estate
164,578

 
705

 
—

 
2,303

 
167,586

Commercial construction
6,289

 
—

 
—

 
46

 
6,335

Land and land development loans
35,835

 
12

 
—

 
2,652

 
38,499

Agriculture
81,129

 
—

 
—

 
187

 
81,316

Multifamily
26,038

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
26,038

Residential real estate
58,037

 
423

 
—

 
401

 
58,861

Residential construction
2,742

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2,742

Consumer
11,739

 
91

 
—

 
17

 
11,847

Municipal
11,063

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
11,063

Total
$
503,959

 
$
1,431

 
$
—

 
$
9,292

 
$
514,682




The following table provides a summary of Troubled Debt Restructurings ("TDR") outstanding at period end by performing status, (in thousands).
 
December 31, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
Troubled Debt Restructurings
Nonaccrual
 
Accrual
 
Total
 
Nonaccrual
 
Accrual
 
Total
Commercial
$
1,900

 
$
277

 
$
2,177

 
$
371

 
$
1,071

 
$
1,442

Commercial real estate
1,463

 
956

 
2,419

 
1,889

 
498

 
2,387

Commercial construction
—

 
—

 
—

 
46

 
295

 
341

Land and land development loans
—

 
1,327

 
1,327

 
782

 
794

 
1,576

Agriculture
—

 
291

 
291

 
22

 
—

.
22

Residential real estate
—

 
417

 
417

 
—

 
1,377

 
1,377

Consumer
—

 
88

 
88

 
27

 
64

 
91

Total
$
3,363

 
$
3,356

 
$
6,719

 
$
3,137

 
$
4,099

 
$
7,236


The Company's loans that were modified in the twelve month period ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 and considered a TDR are as follows (dollars in thousands):
 
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2012
 
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2011
 
Number
 
Pre-Modification Recorded Investment
 
Post-Modification Recorded Investment
 
Number
 
Pre-Modification Recorded Investment
 
Post-Modification Recorded Investment
Commercial
3

 
$
1,938

 
$
1,938

 
6

 
$
558

 
$
558

Commercial real estate
3

 
2,558

 
2,558

 
2

 
382

 
382

Land and land development loans
2

 
73

 
73

 
10

 
3,159

 
2,190

Agriculture
2

 
291

 
291

 
1

 
58

 
58

Residential real estate
1

 
170

 
170

 
7

 
948

 
948

Consumer
1

 
55

 
55

 
5

 
113

 
113

 
12

 
$
5,085

 
$
5,085

 
31

 
$
5,218

 
$
4,249


The balances below provide information as to how the loans were modified as TDRs during the twelve months ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 (in thousands).
 
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2012
 
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2011
 
Adjusted Interest Rate Only
 
Other*
 
Adjusted Interest Rate Only
 
Other*
Commercial
$
75

 
$
1,863

 
$
558

 
$
—

Commercial real estate
214

 
2,344

 
382

 
—

Land and land development loans
73

 
—

 
1,041

 
1,149

Agriculture
291

 
—

 
—

 
58

Residential real estate
170

 
—

 
912

 
36

Residential construction
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Consumer
55

 
—

 
113

 
—

 
$
878

 
$
4,207

 
$
3,006

 
$
1,243

(*) Other includes term or principal concessions or a combination of concessions, including interest rates.


As of December 31, 2012, the Company had specific reserves of $763,000 on TDRs, and there were no TDRs in default as compared to specific reserves of $930,000 and one TDR in default totaling $52,000 as of December 31, 2011.
The allowance for loan losses and reserve for unfunded commitments are maintained at levels considered adequate by management to provide for probable loan losses as of the reporting dates. The allowance for loan losses and reserve for unfunded commitments are based on management’s assessment of various factors affecting the loan portfolio, including problem loans, business conditions and loss experience, and an overall evaluation of the quality of the underlying collateral. Changes in the allowance for loan losses and the reserve for unfunded commitments during the twelve month periods ended December 31, 2012 and 2011 are as follows:

 
Allowance for Loan Losses
for the twelve months ended December 31, 2012
 
Balance,
Beginning of
Year
 
Charge-Offs
Jan 1 through Dec 31, 2012
 
Recoveries
Jan 1 through Dec 31, 2012
 
Provision
 
Balance,
End of
Period
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial
$
2,817

 
$
(2,649
)
 
$
453

 
$
1,535

 
$
2,156

Commercial real estate
4,880

 
(4,548
)
 
466

 
1,964

 
2,762

Commercial construction
500

 
(243
)
 
10

 
(166
)
 
101

Land and land development loans
2,273

 
(1,601
)
 
283

 
242

 
1,197

Agriculture
172

 
(32
)
 
117

 
(29
)
 
228

Multifamily
91

 
—

 
—

 
(40
)
 
51

Residential real estate
1,566

 
(1,256
)
 
196

 
638

 
1,144

Residential construction
59

 
—

 
7

 
(42
)
 
24

Consumer
295

 
(422
)
 
166

 
163

 
202

Municipal
37

 
—

 
—

 
41

 
78

Allowance for loan losses
$
12,690

 
$
(10,751
)
 
$
1,698

 
$
4,306

 
$
7,943



 
Allowance for Loan Losses
for the twelve months ended December 31, 2011
 
Balance,
Beginning of
Year
 
Charge-Offs
Jan 1 through Dec 31, 2011
 
Recoveries
Jan 1 through Dec 31, 2011
 
Provision
 
Balance,
End of
Period
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial
$
2,925

 
$
(1,366
)
 
$
755

 
$
503

 
$
2,817

Commercial real estate
3,655

 
(2,594
)
 
293

 
3,526

 
4,880

Commercial construction
540

 
(217
)
 
3

 
174

 
500

Land and land development loans
2,408

 
(3,056
)
 
507

 
2,414

 
2,273

Agriculture
779

 
(400
)
 
103

 
(310
)
 
172

Multifamily
83

 
—

 
—

 
8

 
91

Residential real estate
1,252

 
(757
)
 
157

 
914

 
1,566

Residential construction
65

 
(34
)
 
—

 
28

 
59

Consumer
613

 
(624
)
 
176

 
130

 
295

Municipal
135

 
—

 
—

 
(98
)
 
37

Allowances for loan losses
$
12,455

 
$
(9,048
)
 
$
1,994

 
$
7,289

 
$
12,690


 
Allowance for Loan Losses
December 31, 2010
 
Balance,
Beginning of
Year
 
Charge-Offs
Jan 1 through Dec 31, 2010
 
Recoveries
Jan 1 through Dec 31, 2010
 
Provision
 
Balance,
End of
Period
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial
$
4,785

 
$
(10,603
)
 
$
628

 
$
8,115

 
$
2,925

Commercial real estate
3,827

 
(5,610
)
 
311

 
5,127

 
3,655

Commercial construction
1,671

 
(1,393
)
 
391

 
(129
)
 
540

Land and land development loans
2,707

 
(8,622
)
 
175

 
8,148

 
2,408

Agriculture
1,390

 
(1,055
)
 
31

 
413

 
779

Multifamily
26

 
(16
)
 
—

 
73

 
83

Residential real estate
1,412

 
(2,019
)
 
50

 
1,809

 
1,252

Residential construction
170

 
(101
)
 
—

 
(4
)
 
65

Consumer
539

 
(490
)
 
158

 
406

 
613

Municipal
81

 
—

 
—

 
54

 
135

Allowances for loan losses
$
16,608

 
$
(29,909
)
 
$
1,744

 
$
24,012

 
$
12,455



Allowance for Unfunded Commitments
 
Twelve Months Ended December 31,
 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
 
(Dollars in thousands)
 
 
Beginning of period
$
13

 
$
17

 
$
11

Adjustment
2

 
(4
)
 
6

Allowance — Unfunded Commitments at end of period
$
15

 
$
13

 
$
17



Management's policy is to charge off loans or portions of loans as soon as an identifiable loss amount can be determined from evidence obtained, such as current cash flow information, updated appraisals or similar real estate evaluations, equipment, inventory or similar collateral evaluations, accepted offers on loan sales or negotiated discounts, and/or guarantor asset valuations. In situations where problem loans are dependent on collateral liquidation for repayment, management obtains updated independent valuations, such as appraisals or broker opinions, generally no less frequently than once every twelve months and more frequently for larger or more troubled loans. In the time period between these independent valuations, the Company monitors market conditions for any significant event or events that would materially change the valuations, and updates them as appropriate. If the valuations suggest an increase in collateral values, the Company does not recover prior amounts charged off until the assets are actually sold and the increase realized. However, if the updated valuations suggest additional loss, the Company charges off the additional amount.

The following tables summarize impaired loans:
 
Impaired Loans
 
December 31, 2012
 
December 31, 2011
 
Recorded
Investment
 
Principal
Balance
 
Related
Allowance
 
Recorded
Investment
 
Principal
Balance
 
Related
Allowance
 
(Dollars in thousands)
With an allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
1,796

 
$
1,964

 
$
628

 
$
2,942

 
$
3,323

 
$
1,300

Commercial real estate
1,315

 
1,486

 
267

 
7,439

 
8,732

 
2,804

Commercial construction
—

 
—

 
—

 
747

 
902

 
252

Land and land development loans
1,601

 
1,627

 
114

 
1,745

 
3,237

 
728

Agriculture
31

 
31

 
10

 
32

 
405

 
32

Residential real estate
1,240

 
1,243

 
458

 
1,928

 
2,165

 
939

Consumer
138

 
140

 
87

 
247

 
264

 
195

Total
$
6,121

 
$
6,491

 
$
1,564

 
$
15,080

 
$
19,028

 
$
6,250

Without an allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
4,337

 
$
6,273

 
$
—

 
$
5,643

 
$
9,099

 
$
—

Commercial real estate
2,058

 
3,178

 
—

 
3,479

 
5,038

 
—

Commercial construction
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
198

 
—

Land and land development loans
422

 
493

 
—

 
3,428

 
6,165

 
—

Agriculture
2,103

 
2,103

 
—

 
2,391

 
2,512

 
—

Multifamily
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

Residential real estate
1,122

 
1,254

 
—

 
2,085

 
2,296

 
—

Consumer
30

 
48

 
—

 
29

 
56

 
—

Total
$
10,072

 
$
13,349

 
$
—

 
$
17,055

 
$
25,364

 
$
—

Total:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
6,133

 
$
8,237

 
$
628

 
$
8,585

 
$
12,422

 
$
1,300

Commercial real estate
3,373

 
4,664

 
267

 
10,918

 
13,770

 
2,804

Commercial construction
—

 
—

 
—

 
747

 
1,100

 
252

Land and land development loans
2,023

 
2,120

 
114

 
5,173

 
9,402

 
728

Agriculture
2,134

 
2,134

 
10

 
2,423

 
2,917

 
32

Residential real estate
2,362

 
2,497

 
458

 
4,013

 
4,461

 
939

Consumer
168

 
188

 
87

 
276

 
320

 
195

Total
$
16,193

 
$
19,840

 
$
1,564

 
$
32,135

 
$
44,392

 
$
6,250








 
Impaired Loans
 
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2012
 
Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2011
 
Average
Recorded
Investment
 
Interest Income
Recognized (*)
 
Average
Recorded
Investment
 
Interest Income
Recognized (*)
 
(Dollars in thousands)
With an allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
2,821

 
$
136

 
$
3,114

 
$
251

Commercial real estate
4,369

 
106

 
7,319

 
663

Commercial construction
240

 
—

 
774

 
71

Land and land development loans
2,003

 
107

 
2,732

 
296

Agriculture
25

 
4

 
147

 
72

Residential real estate
1,606

 
80

 
1,555

 
131

Residential construction
—

 
—

 
29

 
—

Consumer
199

 
10

 
438

 
24

Total
$
11,263

 
$
443

 
$
16,108

 
$
1,508

Without an allowance recorded:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
5,046

 
$
562

 
$
7,524

 
$
1,075

Commercial real estate
2,232

 
265

 
4,880

 
587

Commercial construction
59

 
—

 
298

 
25

Land and land development loans
1,699

 
53

 
4,816

 
476

Agriculture
2,242

 
181

 
1,669

 
305

Residential real estate
1,496

 
112

 
2,054

 
180

Residential construction
—

 
—

 
122

 
—

Consumer
33

 
5

 
190

 
6

Total
$
12,807

 
$
1,178

 
$
21,553

 
$
2,654

Total:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commercial
$
7,867

 
$
698

 
$
10,638

 
$
1,326

Commercial real estate
6,601

 
371

 
12,199

 
1,250

Commercial construction
299

 
—

 
1,072

 
96

Land and land development loans
3,702

 
160

 
7,548

 
772

Agriculture
2,267

 
185

 
1,816

 
377

Residential real estate
3,102

 
192

 
3,609

 
311

Residential construction
—

 
—

 
151

 
—

Consumer
232

 
15

 
628

 
30

Total
$
24,070

 
$
1,621

 
$
37,661

 
$
4,162

 (*) Interest Income on individually impaired loans is calculated using the cash-basis method, using year to date interest on loans outstanding at year end.


Loan Risk Factors

The following is a recap of the risk characteristics associated with each of the Company's major loan portfolio segments.
Commercial Loans: Commercial loans comprise $121.3 million, or 23% of the total loan portfolio. Although the impacts of the long economic downturn have increased losses and continue to heighten risk in the commercial portfolio, management does not consider the portfolio to present “concentration risk” at this time. Management believes there is adequate diversification by type, industry, and geography to mitigate excessive risk. The commercial portfolio includes a mix of term loan facilities and operating loans and lines made to a variety of different business types in the markets it serves. The Company utilizes SBA, USDA and other government-assisted or guaranteed financing programs whenever advantageous to further mitigate risk in this area. With the exception of the agricultural portfolio discussed in more detail below, there is no other significant concentration of industry types in its loan portfolio, and no dominant employer or industry across all the markets it serves. Underwriting focuses on the evaluation of potential future cash flows to cover debt requirements, sufficient collateral margins to buffer against devaluations, credit history of the business and its principals, and additional support from willing and capable guarantors.
Commercial Real Estate Loans: Commercial real estate loans comprise $186.8 million, or 35.4% of the total loan portfolio. Sluggish economic conditions and lower, but stabilizing real estate values continue to heighten risk in the non-residential component of the commercial real estate portfolio. However, in comparison to its national peer group and the risk that existed in its construction and development portfolio, the Company has less overall exposure to commercial real estate and a stronger mix of owner-occupied (where the borrower occupies and operates in at least part of the building) versus non-owner occupied loans. The loans represented in this category are spread across the Company's footprint, and there are no significant concentrations by industry type or borrower. The most significant property types represented in the portfolio are office 23.2%, industrial 14.6%, health care 12.0% and retail 10.1%. The other 40.1% is a mix of property types with smaller concentrations, including religious facilities, auto-related properties, restaurants, convenience stores, storage units, motels and commercial investment land. Finished condominiums comprise only 1.5% of the commercial real estate portfolio.
While 66.1% of the Company's commercial real estate portfolio is in its Northern Idaho/Eastern Washington region, this region is a large and diverse region with differing local economies and real estate markets. Given this diversity, and the diversity of property types and industries represented, management does not believe that this concentration represents a significant concentration risk.
Non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans are made only to projects with strong debt-service-coverage and lower loan-to-value ratios and/or to borrowers with established track records and the ability to fund potential project cash flow shortfalls from other income sources or liquid assets. Project due diligence is conducted by the Bank, to help provide for adequate contingencies, collateral and/or government guaranties. The Company has largely avoided speculative financing of investment properties, particularly of the types most vulnerable in the recent downturn, including investment office buildings and retail strip developments. Management believes geographic, borrower and property-type diversification, and prudent underwriting and monitoring standards applied by seasoned commercial lenders mitigate concentration risk in this segment, although general economic sluggishness continues to negatively impact results.
Construction and Development Loans: After the aggressive reduction efforts of the past few years, the land development and commercial construction loan components pose much lower concentration risk for the total loan portfolio, and now total $35.1 million, or 6.6% of the loan portfolio. The substantial portfolio reduction, combined with stabilizing housing prices, has reduced risk in this portfolio to a level where it no longer represents a significant concentration risk. Management is maintaining its aggressive resolution efforts to further reduce its risk.
Agricultural Loans: The agricultural portfolio represents a larger percentage of the loans in the Bank's southern Idaho region. At the end of the period, agricultural loans and agricultural real estate loans totaled $86.0 million or 16.3% of the total loan portfolio. The agricultural portfolio consists of loans secured by livestock, crops and real estate. Agriculture has typically been a cyclical industry with periods of both strong and weak performance. Current conditions are strong and are projected to remain solid for the next couple years, although rising input costs present some additional risk. To mitigate credit risk, specific underwriting is applied to retain only borrowers that have proven track records in the agricultural industry. Many of Intermountain's agricultural borrowers are third or fourth generation farmers and ranchers with limited real estate debt, which reduces overall debt coverage requirements and provides extra flexibility and collateral for equipment and operating borrowing needs. In addition, the Bank has hired senior lenders with significant experience in agricultural lending to administer these loans. Further mitigation is provided through frequent collateral inspections, adherence to farm operating budgets, and annual or more frequent review of financial performance. The Company has minimal exposure to the dairy industry, the significant agricultural segment that has been under extreme pressure for the past few years.
Multifamily: The multifamily segment comprises $16.5 million or 3.1% of the total loan portfolio at the end of the period. This portfolio represents relatively low risk for the Company, as a result of the strong current market for multifamily properties and low vacancy rates across the Company's footprint.
Residential Real Estate, Residential Construction and Consumer: Residential real estate, residential construction and consumer loans total $70.6 million or 13.3% of the total loan portfolio. Management does not believe they represent significant concentration risk. However, continuing high unemployment and loss of equity is putting pressure on segments of this portfolio, particularly home equity lines and second mortgages.
Municipal loans: Municipal loans comprise $12.3 million or 2.3% of the total loan portfolio. The small size of the portfolio and careful underwriting of the loans within it limit overall concentration risk in this segment.

Credit quality indicators

The risk grade analyses included as part of the Company's credit quality indicators for loans are developed through review of individual borrowers on an ongoing basis. Each loan is evaluated at the time of origination and each subsequent renewal. Loans with principal balances exceeding $500,000 are evaluated on a more frequent basis. Trigger events (such as loan delinquencies, updated financial information, customer contact, and significant collateral devaluation) also require an updated credit quality review. Loans with risk grades "Watch" through "Loss" as defined below are evaluated at least annually with more frequent evaluations often done as borrower, collateral or market conditions change. In situations where problem loans are dependent on collateral liquidation for repayment, management obtains updated independent valuations, generally no less frequently than once every twelve months and more frequently for larger or more troubled loans.
Other measurements used to assess credit quality, including delinquency statistics, non accrual and OREO levels, net chargeoff activity, and classified asset trends, are updated and evaluated monthly. The Company also performs various stress tests of its credit portfolio on a quarterly basis, which provide information on the potential impacts of various stress scenarios on the default and loss characteristics of the portfolio.
The Company's risk grades are defined as follows:
Satisfactory — A satisfactory rated loan is not adversely classified because it does not display any of the characteristics for adverse classification.
Watch — A watch loan has a solid but vulnerable repayment source. There is loss exposure only if the primary repayment source and collateral experience prolonged deterioration. Loans in this risk grade category are subject to frequent review and change due to the increased vulnerability of repayment sources and collateral valuations.
Special mention — A special mention loan has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, such potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects or collateral position at some future date. Special mention loans are not adversely classified and do not warrant adverse classification.
Substandard — A substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current net worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans classified as substandard generally have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. These loans are characterized by the distinct possibility of loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
Doubtful — A loan classified doubtful has all the weaknesses inherent in a loan classified substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full highly questionable and improbable, on the basis of currently existing facts, conditions, and values.
Loss — Loans classified as loss are considered uncollectible and of such little value that their continuing to be carried as an asset is not warranted. This classification does not necessarily mean that there is no potential for recovery or salvage value, but rather that it is not appropriate to defer a full write-off even though partial recovery may be realized in the future.
Credit quality indicators by loan segment are summarized as follows:

 
Loan Portfolio Credit Grades by Type
December 31, 2012
 
Satisfactory
Grade 1-3
 
Internal
Watch
Grade 4
 
Special
Mention
Grade 5
 
Substandard
Grade 6
 
Doubtful
Grade 7
 
Total
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial
$
90,520

 
$
23,094

 
$
—

 
$
7,693

 
$
—

 
$
121,307

Commercial real estate
132,659

 
49,029

 
—

 
5,156

 
—

 
186,844

Commercial construction
3,794

 
38

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
3,832

Land and land development loans
15,869

 
13,894

 
—

 
1,515

 
—

 
31,278

Agriculture
69,445

 
14,379

 
—

 
2,143

 
—

 
85,967

Multifamily
2,465

 
8,961

 
—

 
5,118

 
—

 
16,544

Residential real estate
47,102

 
9,873

 
—

 
3,045

 
—

 
60,020

Residential construction
940

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
940

Consumer
8,529

 
835

 
—

 
262

 
—

 
9,626

Municipal
12,125

 
142

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
12,267

Loans receivable, net
$
383,448

 
$
120,245

 
$
—

 
$
24,932

 
$
—

 
$
528,625


 
Loan Portfolio Credit Grades by Type
December 31, 2011
 
Satisfactory
Grade 1-3
 
Internal
Watch
Grade 4
 
Special
Mention
Grade 5
 
Substandard
Grade 6
 
Doubtful
Grade 7
 
Total
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Commercial
$
65,843

 
$
32,293

 
$
—

 
$
12,259

 
$
—

 
$
110,395

Commercial real estate
107,984

 
43,305

 
—

 
16,297

 
—

 
167,586

Commercial construction
413

 
5,175

 
—

 
747

 
—

 
6,335

Land and land development loans
8,658

 
20,031

 
1,392

 
8,418

 
—

 
38,499

Agriculture
65,563

 
12,827

 
—

 
2,926

 
—

 
81,316

Multifamily
9,721

 
9,708

 
—

 
6,609

 
—

 
26,038

Residential real estate
43,419

 
10,066

 
—

 
5,376

 
—

 
58,861

Residential construction
2,742

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
2,742

Consumer
10,476

 
797

 
—

 
574

 
—

 
11,847

Municipal
11,063

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
—

 
11,063

Loans receivable, net
$
325,882

 
$
134,202

 
$
1,392

 
$
53,206

 
$
—

 
$
514,682



A summary of non-performing assets and classified loans at the dates indicated is as follows:

 
December 31, 2012
 
December 31,
2011
 
(Dollars in thousands)
Loans past due in excess of 90 days and still accruing
$
—

 
$
—

Non-accrual loans
6,529

 
9,292

Total non-performing loans
6,529

 
9,292

Other real estate owned (“OREO”)
4,951

 
6,650

Total non-performing assets (“NPAs”)
$
11,480

 
$
15,942

Classified loans (1)
$
24,933

 
$
53,206

_____________________________
1)
Classified loan totals are inclusive of non-performing loans and may also include troubled debt restructured loans, depending on the grading of these restructured loans.

Classified loans include non-performing loans and performing substandard loans where management believes that the loans may not return principal and interest per their original contractual terms. A loan that is classified may not necessarily result in a loss.
At December 31, 2012, the contractual principal payments due on outstanding loans receivable are shown below (in thousands). Actual payments may differ from expected payments because borrowers have the right to prepay loans, with or without prepayment penalties.
Year Ending December 31,
Amount
2013
$
138,310

2014
46,133

2015
34,092

2016
49,938

2017
49,345

Thereafter
210,807

 
$
528,625



The Company sells mortgage loans and Small Business Administration loans in the secondary market. The sales volumes and the gains on sale of loans are shown below (in thousands):
 
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
Loan volume sold
 
$
77,820

 
$
49,174

 
$
63,314

Gain on sale of loans
 
$
1,835

 
$
983

 
$
1,617



The following table summarizes the detail of loans serviced for others for the periods indicated (in thousands):
 
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
 
2012
 
2011
 
2010
Residential real estate
 
$
147,354

 
$
122,697

 
$
116,627

SBA loans
 
3,903

 
6,578

 
8,557

Commercial loans
 
4,140

 
8,448

 
13,000

Total loans serviced for others
 
$
155,397

 
$
137,723

 
$
138,184


    
The gain on the sale of mortgage loans is included in loan related fee income on the Statement of Operations. For the periods indicated, servicing income and costs roughly equaled each other, and as a result, no servicing asset or liability has been recorded in each of the three periods.