Revenue

Disaggregation of Revenue

The following table presents our revenue by type:



	Three Months Ended March 31,
	2020		2019
Membership dues	$	74,592	$	88,823
Initiation and processing fees	146		429
Membership revenue	74,738		89,252
Personal training revenue	16,391		19,489
Other ancillary club revenue	5,680		6,399
Ancillary club revenue	22,071		25,888
Fees and other revenue	1,270		1,458
Total revenue	$	98,079	$	116,598

The COVID-19 pandemic that forced the Company to close approximately 95% of our clubs on March 16, 2020 negatively impacted our first quarter 2020 revenue by $19,642 across all revenue categories including: membership dues, initiation and processing fees, personal training, ancillary club revenue, and fees and other revenue.

Revenue Recognition

Membership dues:

The Company generally receives one-time non-refundable joining fees and monthly dues from its members. The Company also offers paid-in-full memberships giving members the option to pay their membership dues in advance. The Company offers both month-to-month and commit memberships. Members can cancel their membership with a fee charged to those members still under contract. Membership dues are recognized in the period in which access to the club is provided.

The Company’s membership plans allow for club members to elect to pay a per visit fee to use non-home clubs. These usage fees are recorded to membership revenue in the month the usage occurs.

Initiation and processing fees:

Initiation and processing fees, as well as related direct and incremental expenses of membership acquisition, which may include sales commissions, bonuses and related taxes and benefits, are deferred and recognized, on a straight-line basis, in operations over the estimated average membership life or 12 months to the extent these costs are related to the first annual fee paid within 45 days of enrollment. Annual fees are amortized over 12 months.

The estimated average membership life was 20 months for the three and twelve months ended March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The Company monitors factors that might affect the estimated average membership life including retention trends, attrition trends, membership sales volumes, membership composition, competition, and general economic conditions, and adjusts the estimate as necessary on an annual basis.

Personal training revenue:

The Company recognizes revenue from personal training sessions as the services are performed (i.e., when the session occurs). Unused personal training sessions expire after a set, disclosed period of time after purchase (except in California and Florida) and are not refundable or redeemable by the member for cash. For six of the jurisdictions in which the Company operates, the Company has concluded, based on opinions from outside counsel, that monies paid to the Company for unused and expired personal training membership sessions were not escheatable. For the remaining jurisdictions in which the Company operates, the Company has likewise concluded that the monies paid to the Company for unused personal training sessions were not escheatable, regardless of whether they expire. However, the Company has not yet obtained opinions from outside counsel for these jurisdictions. It is possible however, that one or more of these jurisdictions may not agree with the Company’s position and may claim that the Company must remit all or a portion of these amounts to such jurisdiction. As of March 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Company had approximately $13,116 and $12,792 of unused and expired personal training sessions, respectively, that had not been recognized as revenue and was recorded as deferred revenue.

Approximately $11,142 of which related to the State of New York for the period ended March 31, 2020. This could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s cash flows. Specifically, the State of New York has informed the Company that it is considering whether the Company is required to remit the amount received by the Company for unused, expired personal training sessions to the State of New York as unclaimed property.

In addition to the prepaid personal training sessions the Company also offers a personal training membership product which generally consists of multi-session packages. These sessions provided by the membership product are at a discount to our stand-alone session pricing and are generally required to be used in each respective month. Revenue related to this product is recognized in each respective month.

Other ancillary club revenue:

Other ancillary club revenue primarily consists of Sports Clubs for Kids, Small Group Training and racquet sports. Revenues are recognized as the services are performed.

Fees and other revenue:

Fees and other revenue primarily consist of rental income from third party tenants, marketing revenue related to third party marketing in the Company’s club locations, management fees related to clubs the Company manages but does not wholly-own and revenue related to laundry services. Revenue generated from fees and other revenue is generally recognized at the time the related contracted services are performed.

When a revenue agreement involves multiple elements, such as sales of both memberships and services in one arrangement or potentially multiple arrangements, the entire fee from the arrangement is allocated to each respective element based on its relative fair value and recognized when the revenue recognition criteria for each element is met.

Contract Liability

The Company records deferred revenue when cash payments are received or due in advance of our performance. In the three months ended March 31, 2020, the Company recognized revenue of $11,484 that was included in the deferred revenue balance as of December 31, 2019.

Additionally, as of March 31, 2020, due to temporary club closures as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Company deferred approximately $14,177 of revenue related to monthly membership billings that it will recognize as the clubs reopen.

Practical Expedients and Exemptions

The Company has elected to not capitalize contracts that are shorter than one year. The majority of the Company's contracts have an expected length of one year or less. The Company does not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for (i) contracts with an original expected length of one year or less and (ii) contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed.