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Note 2 - Stock-based Compensation
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2017
Notes to Financial Statements  
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block]
2.
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
 
2014
Equity Incentive Plan (the “
2014
Plan”)
 
The Board of Directors adopted the
2014
Plan in
April 2013,
and the stockholders approved it in
June 2013.
In
October 2014,
the Board of Directors approved certain amendments to the
2014
Plan. The
2014
Plan became effective on
November 13, 2014
a
nd provides for the issuance of up to
5.5
million shares. The
2014
Plan, as amended, will expire on
November 13, 2024.
As of
June 30, 2017, 
3.2
million shares remained available for future issuance under the
2014
Plan.
 
 
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
 
The Company
recognized stock-based compensation expenses as follows (in thousands):
 
   
Three Months Ended June 30,
   
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
   
2017
   
2016
   
2017
   
2016
 
Cost of revenue
  $
452
    $
380
    $
810
    $
814
 
Research and development
   
3,961
     
3,318
     
7,459
     
7,016
 
Selling, general and administrative
   
10,714
     
8,049
     
18,520
     
12,896
 
Total
  $
15,127
    $
11,747
    $
26,789
    $
20,726
 
 
In the
first
quarter of
2016,
the Company
’s then Chief Financial Officer retired. As the service or performance conditions for her outstanding restricted stock units (“RSUs”) had
not
been satisfied at the time of her departure, the Company reversed previously accrued stock-based compensation expenses of approximately
$2.9
million associated with the unvested shares and this credit was reflected in selling, general and administrative expenses for the
six
months ended
June 30, 2016.
 
RSU
s
 
The Company
’s RSUs include time-based RSUs, RSUs with performance conditions (“PSUs”), RSUs with market and performance conditions (“MPSUs”), and RSUs with market conditions (“MSUs”). Vesting of all awards requires continued service for the Company. In addition, vesting of awards with performance conditions or market conditions is subject to the achievement of pre-determined performance goals. A summary of RSU activity is presented in the table below (in thousands, except per-share amounts): 
 
   
Time-Based RSUs
   
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
   
PSUs and MPSUs
   
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
   
MSUs
   
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
   
Total
   
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
 
Outstanding at January 1, 2017
   
366
    $
51.35
     
2,284
 
  $
43.24
     
1,620
    $
23.57
     
4,270
    $
36.47
 
Granted
   
69
    $
91.57
     
645
(1)
  $
61.08
     
-
    $
-
     
714
    $
64.02
 
Released
   
(103
)   $
46.84
     
(440
)
  $
42.87
     
-
    $
-
     
(543
)   $
43.63
 
Forfeited
   
(10
)   $
61.12
     
(6
)
  $
49.82
     
-
    $
-
     
(16
)   $
57.05
 
Outstanding at June 30, 2017
   
322
    $
61.12
     
2,483
 
  $
47.92
     
1,620
    $
23.57
     
4,425
    $
39.96
 
                                                                 

(
1
)
Amount reflects the number of PSUs and MPSUs that
may
ultimately be earned based on management
’s probability assessment 
of the performance conditions at each reporting period. In addition, MPSUs are subject to the achieveme
nt of market conditions.
 
The intrinsic value related to awards released w
as
$11.4
million and
$13.5
million for the
three
months ended
June 30, 2017
and
2016,
respectively. The intrinsic value related to awards released was
$48.8
million and
$42.6
million for the
six
months ended
June 30, 2017
and
2016,
respectively. As of
June 30, 2017,
the total intrinsic value of all outstanding awards was
$390.2
million, based on the closing stock price of
$96.40.
As of
June 30, 2017,
unamortized compensation expense related to all outstanding awards was approximately
$103.0
million with a weighted-average remaining recognition period of approximately
four
 years. 
 
Time-Based RSUs:
 
For the
six
months ended
June 30
,
2017,
the Board of Directors granted
69,000
 RSUs with time-based vesting conditions to non-executive employees and non-employee directors. The RSUs generally vest over
four
years for employees and
one
year for directors, subject to continued service with the Company.
 
 
2017
PSUs:
 
In
February 2017,
the Board of Directors granted
200,000
 PSUs to the executive officers, which represent a target number of shares to be awarded based on the Company’s average
two
-year (
2017
and
2018
) revenue growth rate compared against the analog industry’s average
two
-year revenue growth rate as published by the Semiconductor Industry Association (
“2017
Executive PSUs”). The maximum number of shares that an executive officer can earn is
300%
of the target number of the
2017
Executive PSUs. 
50%
of the
2017
Executive PSUs will vest in the
first
quarter of
2019
if the pre-determined performance goals are met during the performance period and approved by the Board of Directors. The remaining 
2017
Executive PSUs will vest over the following
two
years on a quarterly basis. Vesting is subject to the employees’ continued employment with the Company. Assuming the achievement of the highest level of performance goals, the total stock-based compensation cost for the
2017
Executive PSUs is approximately
$36.3
million.
 
In
February 2017,
the Board of Directors granted
48,000
 PSUs to certain non-executive employees, which represent a target number of shares to be awarded based on the Company’s
2018
revenue goals for certain regions or product line divisions, or the Company’s average
two
-year (
2017
and
2018
) revenue growth rate compared against the analog industry’s average
two
-year revenue growth rate as published by the Semiconductor Industry Association (
“2017
Non-Executive PSUs”). The maximum number of shares that an employee can earn is either
200%
or
300%
of the target number of the
2017
Non-Executive PSUs, depending on the job classification of the employee.
50%
of the
2017
Non-Executive PSUs will vest in the
first
quarter of
2019
if the pre-determined performance goals are met during the performance period and approved by the Board of Directors. The remaining 
2017
Non-Executive PSUs will vest over the following
two
years on an annual or quarterly basis. Vesting is subject to the employees’ continued employment with the Company. Assuming the achievement of the highest level of performance goals, the total stock-based compensation cost for the
2017
Non-Executive PSUs is approximately
$7.1
million.
 
The
2017
Executive PSUs and the
2017
Non-Executive PSUs contain a purchase price feature, which requires the employees to pay the Company
$30
per share upon vesting of the shares.
 Shares that do
not
vest will
not
be subject to the purchase price payment. The Company determined the grant date fair value of the
2017
Executive PSUs and the
2017
Non-Executive PSUs using the Black-Scholes model with the following assumptions: stock price of
$89.37,
expected term of
2.6
years, expected volatility of
28.6%
and risk-free interest rate of
1.3%.
 
 
2015
MPSUs:
 
On
December 31, 2015,
the Board of Directors granted
127,000
 MPSUs to the executive officers and certain key employees, which represent a target number of shares to be awarded upon achievement of both market conditions and performance conditions (
“2015
MPSUs”). The maximum number of shares that an employee can earn is
500%
of the target number of the
2015
MPSUs. The
2015
MPSUs consist of
four
separate tranches with various performance periods ending on
December 31, 2019.
The
first
tranche contains market conditions only, which require the achievement of
five
stock price targets ranging from
$71.36
to
$95.57
with a performance period from
January 1, 2016
to
December 31, 2019.
 
The second,
third
and
fourth
tranches contain both market conditions and performance conditions. Each tranche requi
res the achievement of
five
stock price targets measured against a base price equal to the greater of: (
1
) the average closing stock price during the
20
consecutive trading days immediately before the start of the measurement period for that tranche, or (
2
) the closing stock price immediately before the start of the measurement period for that tranche. The stock price targets for the
second
tranche range from
$89.56
to
$106.81
with a performance period from
January 1, 2017
to
December 31, 2019.
The stock price targets for the
third
tranche will be determined on
December 31, 2017
with a performance period from
January 1, 2018
to
December 31, 2019.
The stock price targets for the
fourth
tranche will be determined on
December 31, 2018
with a performance period from
January 1, 2019
to
December 31, 2019.
 
In addition, each of the second,
third
and
fourth
tranches requires the achievement of
one
of following
six
operating metrics:
 
 
1.
Successful implementation of full digital solutions vs. current analog topology for certain products.
 
2.
Successful implementati
on, and adoption by a key customer, of an integrated, software-based field-oriented-control with
sensors to motor drivers.
 
3.
Successful implementation of certain advanced power analog processes.
 
4.
Successful design wins and achievement of a specific level of revenue with a global networking customer.
 
5.
Achievement of a specific level of revenue with a global electronics manufacturer.
 
6.
Achievement of a specific level of market share with certain core power products.
 
 
Subject to the employees
’ continued employment with the Company, the
2015
MPSUs will fully vest on
January 1, 2020
if the pre-determined individual market and performance goals in each tranche are met during the performance periods and approved by the Board of Directors. In addition, the
2015
MPSUs contain post-vesting sales restrictions on the vested shares by employees for up to
two
years.
 
The Company determined the grant date fair value of the
2015
MPSUs using a Monte Carlo simulation model with the following weighted-average assumptions: stock price of
$61.35,
expected volatility of
33.2%,
risk-free interest rate of
1.3%,
and an illiquidity discount of
7.8%
to account for the post-vesting sales restrictions.
 In
March 2016,
the Company cancelled
13,000
2015
MPSUs as a result of the departure of its then Chief Financial Officer. Assuming the achievement of all of the required market and performance goals, the total stock-based compensation cost for the
2015
MPSUs is approximately
$24.6
million to be recognized as follows:
$8.3
million for the
first
tranche,
$4.5
million for the
second
tranche,
$5.2
million for the
third
tranche, and
$6.6
million for the
fourth
tranche.
 
For the
first
tranche, stock-based compensation expense is
being recognized over the requisite service period even if the market conditions are
not
satisfied. For the second,
third
and
fourth
tranches, stock-based compensation expense for each tranche is recognized depending upon the number of the operating metrics management deems probable of being achieved in each reporting period. As of
June 30, 2017,
based on management’s assessment,
three
of the
six
operating metrics were considered probable of being achieved during the performance periods. Accordingly, stock-based compensation expense is being recognized for the second,
third
and
fourth
tranches over the requisite service period.
 
Stock Options
 
No
option
s were granted for the
three
and
six
months ended
June 30, 2017
and
2016.
Total intrinsic value of options exercised was
$0.3
million and
$1.4
million for the
three
months ended
June 30, 2017
and
2016,
respectively. Total intrinsic value of options exercised was
$0.6
million and
$2.5
million for the
six
months ended
June 30, 2017
and
2016,
respectively. Cash proceeds from the exercise of stock options were
$0.1
million and
$1.0
million for the
six
months ended
June 30, 2017
and
2016,
respectively. As of
June 30, 2017,
there was
no
unamortized compensation expense and outstanding options were
not
material.
 
Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“
ESPP”)
 
 
No
shares were issued under the ESPP for the
three
months ended
June 30, 2017
and
2016.
 
For the
six
months ended
June 30, 2017
and
2016,
22,000
and
29,000
shares, respectively, were issued under the ESPP. As of
June 30, 2017,
4.6
million shares were available for future issuance.
 
The intrinsic
value of the shares issued was
$0.5
million and
$0.4
million for the
six
months ended
June 30, 2017
and
2016,
respectively. As of
June 30, 2017,
the unamortized expense was
$0.1
million, which will be recognized through the
third
quarter of
2017.
The Black-Scholes model was used to value the employee stock purchase rights with the following weighted-average assumptions: 
 
   
Six Months Ended June 30,
 
   
2017
   
2016
 
Expected term (years)
   
0.5
     
0.5
 
Expected volatility
   
23.4
%    
29.7
%
Risk-free interest rate
   
0.7
%    
0.4
%
Dividend yield
   
0.9
%    
1.4
%
 
Cash proceeds
from the shares issued under the ESPP were
$1.4
million and
$1.3
million for the
six
months ended
June 30, 2017
and
2016,
respectively.