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Note 2 - Stock-based Compensation
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Notes to Financial Statements  
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block]
2.
STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
 
2014
Equity Incentive Plan (the
“2014
Plan”)
 
The Board of Directors adopted the
2014
Plan in
April
2013,
and the stockholders approved it in
June
2013.
In
October
2014,
the Board of Directors approved certain amendments to the
2014
Plan. The
2014
Plan became effective on
November
13,
2014
and provides for the issuance of up to
5.5
million shares. The
2014
Plan will expire on
November
13,
2024.
As of
March
31,
2017,
3.2
million shares remained available for future issuance under the
2014
Plan. 
 
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
 
The Company recognized stock-based compensation expenses as follows (in thousands):
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
Cost of revenue
  $
358
    $
434
 
Research and development
   
3,498
     
3,698
 
Selling, general and administrative
   
7,806
     
4,847
 
Total
  $
11,662
    $
8,979
 
 
In the
first
quarter of
2016,
the Company’s then Chief Financial Officer retired. As the service or performance conditions for her outstanding restricted stock units (“RSUs”) had not been satisfied at the time of her departure, the Company reversed previously accrued stock-based compensation expenses of approximately
$2.9
million associated with the unvested shares and recorded the credit in selling, general and administrative expenses for the
three
months ended
March
31,
2016.
 
RSUs
 
The Company’s RSUs include time-based RSUs, RSUs with performance conditions (“PSUs”), RSUs with market and performance conditions (“MPSUs”), and RSUs with market conditions (“MSUs”). Vesting of all awards requires continued service for the Company. In addition, vesting of awards with performance conditions or market conditions is subject to the achievement of pre-determined performance goals. A summary of RSU activity is presented in the table below (in thousands, except per-share amounts): 
 
 
 
Time-Based RSUs
 
 
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
 
 
PSUs and MPSUs
 
 
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
 
 
MSUs
 
 
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
 
 
Total
 
 
Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value Per Share
 
Outstanding at January 1, 2017
   
366
    $
51.35
     
2,284
 
  $
43.24
     
1,620
    $
23.57
     
4,270
    $
36.47
 
Granted
   
47
    $
89.37
     
527
(1)
  $
62.86
     
-
    $
-
     
574
    $
65.02
 
Released
   
(61
)   $
46.83
     
(360
)
  $
43.71
     
-
    $
-
     
(421
)   $
44.16
 
Forfeited
   
(5
)   $
60.85
     
(3
)
  $
52.30
     
-
    $
-
     
(8
)   $
57.51
 
Outstanding at March 31, 2017
   
347
    $
57.12
     
2,448
 
  $
47.38
     
1,620
    $
23.57
     
4,415
    $
39.41
 
 

(1)
Amount reflects the number of PSUs and MPSUs that
may
ultimately be earned based on management’s probability assessment
of the performance conditions at each reporting period. In addition, MPSUs are subject to the achievement of market conditions.
 
The intrinsic value related to awards released was
$37.4
million and
$29.1
million for the
three
months ended
March
31,
2017
and
2016,
respectively. As of
March
31,
2017,
the total intrinsic value of all outstanding awards was
$373.3
million, based on the closing stock price of
$92.10.
As of
March
31,
2017,
unamortized compensation expense related to all outstanding awards was approximately
$110.1
million with a weighted-average remaining recognition period of approximately
four
 years. 
 
Time-Based RSUs:
 
For the
three
months ended
March
31,
2017,
the Board of Directors granted
47,000
 RSUs with service conditions to non-executive employees and non-employee directors. The RSUs generally vest over
four
years for employees and
one
year for directors, subject to continued employment with the Company.
  
2017
PSUs:
 
In
February
2017,
the Board of Directors granted
200,000
 PSUs to the executive officers, which represent a target number of shares to be awarded based on the Company’s average
two
-year
(2017
and
2018)
revenue growth rate compared against the analog industry’s average
two
-year revenue growth rate as published by the Semiconductor Industry Association
(“2017
Executive PSUs”). The maximum number of shares that an executive officer can earn is
300%
of the target number of the
2017
Executive PSUs. 
50%
of the
2017
Executive PSUs will vest in the
first
quarter of
2019
if the pre-determined performance goals are met during the performance period and approved by the Board of Directors. The remaining 
2017
Executive PSUs will vest over the following
two
years on a quarterly basis. Vesting is subject to the employees’ continued employment with the Company. Assuming the achievement of the highest level of performance goals, the total stock-based compensation cost for the
2017
Executive PSUs is approximately
$36.3
million.
 
In
February
2017,
the Board of Directors granted
48,000
 PSUs to certain non-executive employees, which represent a target number of shares to be awarded based on the Company’s
2018
revenue goals for certain regions or product line divisions, or the Company’s average
two
-year
(2017
and
2018)
revenue growth rate compared against the analog industry’s average
two
-year revenue growth rate as published by the Semiconductor Industry Association
(“2017
Non-Executive PSUs”). The maximum number of shares that an employee can earn is either
200%
or
300%
of the target number of the
2017
Non-Executive PSUs, depending on the job classification of the employee.
50%
of the
2017
Non-Executive PSUs will vest in the
first
quarter of
2019
if the pre-determined performance goals are met during the performance period and approved by the Board of Directors. The remaining 
2017
Non-Executive PSUs will vest over the following
two
years on an annual or quarterly basis. Vesting is subject to the employees’ continued employment with the Company. Assuming the achievement of the highest level of performance goals, the total stock-based compensation cost for the
2017
Non-Executive PSUs is approximately
$7.2
million.
 
The
2017
Executive PSUs and the
2017
Non-Executive PSUs contain a purchase price feature, which requires the employees to pay the Company
$30
per share upon vesting of the shares. Shares that do not vest will not be subject to the purchase price payment. The Company determined the grant date fair value of the
2017
Executive PSUs and the
2017
Non-Executive PSUs using the Black-Scholes model with the following assumptions: stock price of
$89.37,
expected term of
2.6
years, expected volatility of
28.6%
and risk-free interest rate of
1.3%.
 
 
2015
MPSUs:
 
On
December
31,
2015,
the Board of Directors granted
127,000
 MPSUs to the executive officers and certain key employees, which represent a target number of shares to be awarded upon achievement of both market conditions and performance conditions
(“2015
MPSUs”). The maximum number of shares that an employee can earn is
500%
of the target number of the
2015
MPSUs. The
2015
MPSUs consist of
four
separate tranches with various performance periods ending on
December
31,
2019.
The
first
tranche contains market conditions only, which require the achievement of
five
MPS stock price targets ranging from
$71.36
to
$95.57
with a performance period from
January
1,
2016
to
December
31,
2019.
 
The
second,
third
and
fourth
tranches contain both market conditions and performance conditions. Each tranche requires the achievement of
five
MPS stock price targets measured against a base price equal to the greater of:
(1)
the average closing stock price during the
20
consecutive trading days immediately before the start of the measurement period for that tranche, or
(2)
the closing stock price immediately before the start of the measurement period for that tranche. The MPS stock price targets for the
second
tranche range from
$89.56
to
$106.81
with a performance period from
January
1,
2017
to
December
31,
2019.
The stock price targets for the
third
tranche will be determined on
December
31,
2017
with a performance period from
January
1,
2018
to
December
31,
2019.
The stock price targets for the
fourth
tranche will be determined on
December
31,
2018
with a performance period from
January
1,
2019
to
December
31,
2019.
 
In addition, each of the
second,
third
and
fourth
tranches requires the achievement of
one
of following
six
operating metrics:
 
 
1.
Successful implementation of full digital solutions vs. current analog topology for certain products.
 
2.
Successful implementation, and adoption by a key player, of an integrated, software-based field-oriented-control 
with sensors to motor drivers.
 
3.
Successful implementation of certain advanced power analog processes.
 
4.
Successful design wins and achievement of a specific level of revenue with a global networking customer.
 
5.
Achievement of a specific level of revenue with a global electronics manufacturer.
 
6.
Achievement of a specific level of market share with certain core power products.
 
Subject to the employees’ continued employment with the Company, the
2015
MPSUs will fully vest on
January
1,
2020
if the pre-determined individual market and performance goals in each tranche are met during the performance periods and approved by the Board of Directors. In addition, the
2015
MPSUs contain post-vesting sales restrictions on the vested shares by employees for up to
two
years.
 
The Company determined the grant date fair value of the
2015
MPSUs using a Monte Carlo simulation model with the following weighted-average assumptions: stock price of
$61.35,
expected volatility of
33.2%,
risk-free interest rate of
1.3%,
and an illiquidity discount of
7.8%
to account for the post-vesting sales restrictions. In
March
2016,
the Company cancelled
13,000
2015
MPSUs as a result of the departure of its then Chief Financial Officer. Assuming the achievement of all of the required market and performance goals, the total stock-based compensation cost for the
2015
MPSUs is approximately
$24.6
million to be recognized as follows:
$8.3
million for the
first
tranche,
$4.5
million for the
second
tranche,
$5.2
million for the
third
tranche, and
$6.6
million for the
fourth
tranche.
 
For the
first
tranche, stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period even if the market conditions are not satisfied. For the
second,
third
and
fourth
tranches, stock-based compensation expense for each tranche is recognized depending upon the number of the operating metrics management deems probable of being achieved in each reporting period. As of
March
31,
2017,
based on management’s assessment,
three
of the
six
operating metrics were considered probable of being achieved during the performance periods. Accordingly, stock-based compensation expense is being recognized for the
second,
third
and
fourth
tranches over the requisite service period.
 
Stock Options
 
No
options were granted for the
three
months ended
March
31,
2017
and
2016.
Total intrinsic value of options exercised was
$0.3
million and
$1.1
million for the
three
months ended
March
31,
2017
and
2016,
respectively. The net cash proceeds from the exercise of stock options were
$0.1
million and
$0.5
million for the
three
months ended
March
31,
2017
and
2016,
respectively. As of
March
31,
2017,
there was
no
unamortized compensation expense and outstanding options were not material.
 
Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”)
  
For the
three
months ended
March
31,
2017
and
2016,
22,000
and
29,000
shares, respectively, were issued under the ESPP. As of
March
31,
2017,
4.6
million shares were available for future issuance.
 
The intrinsic value of shares issued was
$0.5
million and
$0.4
million for the
three
months ended
March
31,
2017
and
2016,
respectively. As of
March
31,
2017,
the unamortized expense was
$0.3
million, which will be recognized through the
third
quarter of
2017.
The Black-Scholes model was used to value the employee stock purchase rights with the following weighted-average assumptions: 
 
 
 
Three Months Ended March 31,
 
 
 
2017
 
 
2016
 
Expected term (years)
   
0.5
     
0.5
 
Expected volatility
   
23.4
%    
29.7
%
Risk-free interest rate
   
0.7
%    
0.4
%
Dividend yield
   
0.9
%    
1.4
%
 
Cash proceeds from the shares issued under the ESPP were
$1.4
million and
$1.3
million for the
three
months ended
March
31,
2017
and
2016,
respectively.