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Note 7 - Stock-based Compensation
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2016
Notes to Financial Statements  
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Text Block]
7.
  STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION
 
2004
Equity Incentive Plan (the
“2004
Plan”)
 
The Board of Directors adopted the
2004
Plan in
March
2004,
and the stockholders approved it in
November
2004.
The
2004
Plan provided for annual increases in the number of shares available for issuance equal to the least of
5%
of the outstanding shares of common stock on the
first
day of the year,
2.4
million shares, or a number of shares determined by the Board of Directors. The
2004
Plan expired on
November
12,
2014
and equity awards can no longer be granted under the
2004
Plan. As of
November
12,
2014,
2.9
million shares that were available for issuance expired under the
2004
Plan.
 
2014
Equity Incentive Plan (the
“2014
Plan”)
 
The Board of Directors adopted the
2014
Plan in
April
2013,
and the stockholders approved it in
June
2013.
In
October
2014,
the Board of Directors approved certain amendments to the
2014
Plan. The
2014
Plan became effective on
November
13,
2014
and provides for the issuance of up to
5.5
million shares. The
2014
Plan will expire on
November
13,
2024.
As of
December
31,
2016,
3.8
million shares remained available for future issuance under the
2014
Plan. 
 
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
 
The Company recognized stock-based compensation expense as follows (in thousands):
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
2016
 
 
2015
 
 
2014
 
Cost of revenue
  $
1,575
    $
1,166
    $
903
 
Research and development
   
14,041
     
11,156
     
9,019
 
Selling, general and administrative
   
29,373
     
29,241
     
23,532
 
Total
  $
44,989
    $
41,563
    $
33,454
 
 
 
In the
first
quarter of
2016,
the Company’s then Chief Financial Officer retired. As the service or performance conditions for certain of her RSUs had not been satisfied at the time of her departure, the Company reversed previously accrued stock-based compensation expenses of approximately
$2.9
million associated with the unvested shares and recorded the credit in selling, general and administrative expenses for the
three
months ended
March
31,
2016.
 
RSUs
 
The Company’s RSUs include time-based RSUs, RSUs with performance conditions (“PSUs”), RSUs with market and performance conditions (“MPSUs”), and RSUs with market conditions (“MSUs”). Vesting of all awards requires continued service for the Company. In addition, vesting of awards with performance conditions or market conditions is subject to the achievement of pre-determined performance goals. A summary of RSU activity is presented in the table below (in thousands, except per-share amounts): 
 
 
 
Time-Based
RSUs
 
 
Weighted-
Average Grant
Date Fair
Value
Per
Share
 
 
PSUs and
MPSUs
 
 
 
Weighted-
Average Grant
Date Fair
Value Per
Share
 
 
MSUs
 
 
Weighted-
Average Grant
Date Fair
Value Per
Share
 
 
Total
 
 
Weighted-
Average Grant
Date Fair
Value Per
Share
 
Outstanding at January 1, 2014
   
754
    $
19.41
     
1,028
 
 
  $
23.02
     
1,800
    $
23.57
     
3,582
    $
22.53
 
Granted
   
335
    $
36.71
     
952
 
(1)
  $
34.65
     
-
    $
-
     
1,287
    $
35.19
 
Released
   
(468
)   $
20.36
     
(304
)
 
  $
18.12
     
-
    $
-
     
(772
)   $
19.48
 
Forfeited
   
(32
)   $
19.75
     
(17
)
 
  $
19.79
     
-
    $
-
     
(49
)   $
19.77
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2014
   
589
    $
28.48
     
1,659
 
 
  $
28.11
     
1,800
    $
23.57
     
4,048
    $
26.14
 
Granted
   
271
    $
49.82
     
927
 
(1)
  $
47.61
     
-
    $
-
     
1,198
    $
48.11
 
Released
   
(319
)   $
26.56
     
(629
)
 
  $
23.40
     
-
    $
-
     
(948
)   $
24.47
 
Forfeited
   
(42
)   $
35.60
     
(24
)
 
  $
28.68
     
-
    $
-
     
(66
)   $
33.06
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2015
   
499
    $
40.75
     
1,933
 
 
  $
38.99
     
1,800
    $
23.57
     
4,232
    $
32.64
 
Granted
   
133
    $
63.00
     
1,216
 
(1)
  $
41.12
     
-
    $
-
     
1,349
    $
43.28
 
Released
   
(239
)   $
36.43
     
(736
)
 
  $
29.71
     
-
    $
-
     
(975
)   $
31.36
 
Forfeited
   
(27
)   $
45.35
     
(129
)
 
  $
36.82
     
(180
)   $
23.57
     
(336
)   $
30.38
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2016
   
366
    $
51.35
     
2,284
 
 
  $
43.24
     
1,620
    $
23.57
     
4,270
    $
36.47
 
_________________
(1)
Amount reflects the number of PSUs and MPSUs that
may
ultimately be earned based on management’s probability assessment of the performance conditions at each reporting period. In addition, MPSUs are subject to the achievement of market conditions.
 
The intrinsic value related to awards released was
$62.9
million,
$49.2
million and
$28.9
million for the years ended
December
31,
2016,
2015
and
2014,
respectively. As of
December
31,
2016,
the total intrinsic value of all outstanding awards was
$332.9
million, based on the closing stock price of
$81.93.
As of
December
31,
2016,
unamortized compensation expense related to all outstanding awards was approximately
$84.8
million with a weighted-average remaining recognition period of approximately
four
 years.
 
 
Time-Based RSUs:
 
For the years ended
December
31,
2016,
2015
and
2014,
the Board of Directors granted
133,000,
271,000
and
335,000
 RSUs, respectively, with service conditions primarily to employees and non-employee directors. The RSUs generally vest over
four
years for employees and
one
year for non-employee directors, subject to continued employment with the Company.
 
2016
PSUs:
 
In
February
2016,
the Board of Directors granted
285,000
 PSUs to the executive officers, which represent a target number of shares to be awarded based on the Company’s average
two
-year
(2016
and
2017)
revenue growth rate compared against the analog industry’s average
two
-year revenue growth rate as published by the Semiconductor Industry Association
(“2016
Executive PSUs”). The maximum number of shares that an executive officer can earn is
300%
of the target number of the
2016
Executive PSUs. 
50%
of the
2016
Executive PSUs will vest in the
first
quarter of
2018
if the pre-determined performance goals are met during the performance period and approved by the Board of Directors. The remaining 
2016
Executive PSUs will vest over the following
two
years on a quarterly basis. Vesting is subject to the employees’ continued employment with the Company. In
March
2016,
the Company cancelled
32,000
2016
Executive PSUs as a result of the departure of its then Chief Financial Officer. In
July
2016,
the Board of Directors granted
12,000
2016
Executive PSUs to the Company’s new Chief Financial Officer. Assuming the achievement of the highest level of performance goals, the total stock-based compensation cost for the
2016
Executive PSUs is approximately
$31.8
million.
 
In
February
2016,
the Board of Directors granted
64,000
 PSUs to certain non-executive employees, which represent a target number of shares to be awarded based on the Company’s
2017
revenue goals for certain regions or product line divisions, or the Company’s average
two
-year
(2016
and
2017)
revenue growth rate compared against the analog industry’s average
two
-year revenue growth rate as published by the Semiconductor Industry Association
(“2016
Non-Executive PSUs”). The maximum number of shares that an employee can earn is either
200%
or
300%
of the target number of the
2016
Non-Executive PSUs, depending on the job classification of the employee.
50%
of the
2016
Non-Executive PSUs will vest in the
first
quarter of
2018
if the pre-determined performance goals are met during the performance period and approved by the Board of Directors. The remaining 
2016
Non-Executive PSUs will vest over the following
two
years on an annual or quarterly basis. Vesting is subject to the employees’ continued employment with the Company. Assuming the achievement of the highest level of performance goals, the total stock-based compensation cost for the
2016
Non-Executive PSUs is approximately
$6.0
million.
 
The
2016
Executive PSUs and the
2016
Non-Executive PSUs contain a purchase price feature, which requires the employees to pay the Company
$20
per share upon vesting of the shares. Shares that do not vest will not be subject to the purchase price payment. The Company determined the grant date fair value of the
2016
Executive PSUs and the
2016
Non-Executive PSUs granted in
February
2016
using the Black-Scholes model with the following assumptions: stock price of
$58.98,
expected term of
2.6
years, expected volatility of
31.1%
and risk-free interest rate of
0.9%.
 For the 
2016
Executive PSUs granted in
July
2016,
the Company used the following assumptions: stock price of
$70.98,
expected term of
2.3
years, expected volatility of
29.6%
and risk-free interest rate of
0.7%.
 
2015
MPSUs:
 
On
December
31,
2015,
the Board of Directors granted
127,000
 MPSUs to the executive officers and certain key employees, which represent a target number of shares to be awarded upon achievement of both market conditions and performance conditions
(“2015
MPSUs”). The maximum number of shares that an employee can earn is
500%
of the target number of the
2015
MPSUs. The
2015
MPSUs consist of
four
separate tranches with various performance periods ending on
December
31,
2019.
The
first
tranche contains market conditions only, which require the achievement of
five
MPS stock price targets ranging from
$71.36
to
$95.57
over a
four
-year period. The
second,
third
and
fourth
tranches contain both market conditions and performance conditions. Each tranche requires the achievement of
five
MPS stock price targets to be measured against a base price equal to the greater of:
(1)
the average closing stock price during the
20
consecutive trading days immediately before the start of the measurement period for that tranche, or
(2)
the closing stock price immediately before the start of the measurement period for that tranche. In addition, each of the
second,
third
and
fourth
tranches requires the achievement of
one
of following
six
operating metrics:
 
 
1.
Successful implementation of full digital solutions vs. current analog topology for certain products.
 
2.
Successful implementation, and adoption by a key player, of integrated, software-based field-oriented-control 
with sensors to motor drivers.
 
3.
Successful implementation of certain advanced power analog processes.
 
4.
Successful design wins and achievement of a specific level of revenue with a global networking customer.
 
5.
Achievement of a specific level of revenue with a global electronics manufacturer.
 
6.
Achievement of a specific level of market share with certain core power products.
 
Subject to the employees’ continued employment with the Company, the
2015
MPSUs will fully vest on
January
1,
2020
if the pre-determined individual market and performance goals in each tranche are met during the performance periods and approved by the Board of Directors. In addition, the
2015
MPSUs contain post-vesting sales restrictions on the vested shares by employees for up to
two
years.
 
The Company determined the grant date fair value of the
2015
MPSUs using a Monte Carlo simulation model with the following weighted-average assumptions: stock price of
$61.35,
expected volatility of
33.2%,
risk-free interest rate of
1.3%,
and an illiquidity discount of
7.8%
to account for the post-vesting sales restrictions. In
March
2016,
the Company cancelled
13,000
2015
MPSUs as a result of the departure of its then Chief Financial Officer. Assuming the achievement of all of the required performance goals, the total stock-based compensation cost for the
2015
MPSUs is approximately
$24.6
million to be recognized as follows:
$8.3
million for the
first
tranche,
$4.5
million for the
second
tranche,
$5.2
million for the
third
tranche, and
$6.6
million for the
fourth
tranche.
 
For the
first
tranche, stock-based compensation expense is recognized over the requisite service period even if the market conditions are not satisfied. For the
second,
third
and
fourth
tranches, stock-based compensation expense for each tranche is recognized depending upon the number of the operating metrics management deems probable of being achieved in each reporting period. As of
December
31,
2016,
based on management’s assessment,
three
of the
six
operating metrics were considered probable of being achieved during the performance period. Accordingly, stock-based compensation expense is being recognized for the
second,
third
and
fourth
tranches over the requisite service period.
 
2015
PSUs:
 
In
February
2015,
the Board of Directors granted
172,000
PSUs to the executive officers, which represented a target number of shares that would be awarded based on the Company’s average
two
-year
(2015
and
2016)
revenue growth rate compared against the analog industry’s average
two
-year revenue growth rate as published by the Semiconductor Industry Association
(“2015
Executive PSUs”). The maximum number of shares that an executive officer could earn was
300%
of the target number of the
2015
Executive PSUs. 
50%
of the
2015
Executive PSUs would vest in the
first
quarter of
2017
if the pre-determined performance goals were met during the performance period and approved by the Board of Directors.  The remaining
2015
Executive PSUs would vest over the following
two
years on a quarterly basis. Vesting is subject to the employees’ continued employment with the Company. In
March
2016,
the Company cancelled
19,000
2015
Executive PSUs as a result of the departure of its then Chief Financial Officer.
 
In
February
2017,
the Board of Directors approved the revenue achievement for the
2015
Executive PSUs and a total of
432,000
shares were earned by the executive officers. Based on the actual achievement of the performance goals, the total stock-based compensation cost for the
2015
Executive PSUs is approximately
$21.0
million.
 
In
February
2015,
the Board of Directors granted
58,000
PSUs to certain non-executive employees, which represented a target number of shares that would be awarded based on the Company’s
2016
revenue goals for certain regions or product line divisions, or the Company’s average
two
-year
(2015
and
2016)
revenue growth rate compared against the analog industry’s average
two
-year revenue growth rate as published by the Semiconductor Industry Association
(“2015
Non-Executive PSUs”). The maximum number of shares that an employee could earn was either
200%
or
300%
of the target number of the
2015
Non-Executive PSUs, depending on the job classification of the employee.
50%
of the
2015
Non-Executive PSUs would vest in the
first
quarter of
2017
if the pre-determined performance goals were met during the performance period and approved by the Board of Directors. The remaining
2015
Non-Executive PSUs would vest over the following
two
years on an annual or quarterly basis. Vesting is subject to the employees’ continued employment with the Company.
 
In
February
2017,
the Board of Directors approved the revenue achievement for the
2015
Non-Executive PSUs and a total of
118,000
shares were earned by the employees. Based on the actual achievement of the performance goals, the total stock-based compensation cost for the
2015
Non-Executive PSUs is approximately
$5.7
million.
 
2014
PSUs:
 
In
February
2014,
the Board of Directors granted
252,000
PSUs to the executive officers, which represented a target number of shares that would be awarded based on the Company’s average
two
-year
(2014
and
2015)
revenue growth rate compared against the analog industry’s average
two
-year revenue growth rate as published by the Semiconductor Industry Association
(“2014
Executive PSUs”). The maximum number of shares that an executive officer could earn was
300%
of the target number of the
2014
Executive PSUs. In
February
2016,
the Board of Directors approved the revenue achievement for the
2014
Executive PSUs and a total of
694,000
shares were earned by the executive officers.
50%
of the
2014
Executive PSUs vested in the
first
quarter of
2016.
The remaining
2014
Executive PSUs vest over the following
two
years on a quarterly basis. Vesting is subject to the employees’ continued employment with the Company. In
March
2016,
the Company cancelled
37,000
2014
Executive PSUs as a result of the departure of its then Chief Financial Officer. Based on the actual achievement of the performance goals, the total stock-based compensation cost for the
2014
Executive PSUs is approximately
$20.7
million.
 
In
April
2014,
the Board of Directors granted
61,000
PSUs to certain non-executive employees, which represented a target number of shares that would be awarded based on the Company’s
2015
revenue goals for certain regions or product line divisions, or the Company’s average
two
-year
(2014
and
2015)
revenue growth rate compared against the analog industry’s average
two
-year revenue growth rate as published by the Semiconductor Industry Association
(“2014
Non-Executive PSUs”). The maximum number of shares that an employee could earn was either
200%
or
300%
of the target number of the
2014
Non-Executive PSUs, depending on the job classification of the employee. In
February
2016,
the Board of Directors approved the revenue achievement for the
2014
Non-Executive PSUs and a total of
103,000
shares were earned by the non-executive employees.
50%
of the
2014
Non-Executive PSUs vested in the
second
quarter of
2016.
The remaining
2014
Non-Executive PSUs vest over the following
two
years on an annual or quarterly basis. Vesting is subject to the employees’ continued employment with the Company. Based on the actual achievement of the performance goals, the total stock-based compensation cost for the
2014
Non-Executive PSUs is approximately
$3.7
million.
 
In connection with the acquisition of Sensima in
July
2014,
the Board of Directors granted PSUs to key Sensima employees who became employees of the Company. See Note
2
for further discussion.
 
2013
PSUs:
 
In
February
2013,
the Board of Directors granted
220,000
PSUs to the executive officers, which represented a target number of RSUs that would be awarded upon achievement of certain pre-determined revenue targets in
2014
(“2013
Executive PSUs”). The maximum number of shares that an executive officer could earn was
300%
of the target number of the
2013
Executive PSUs. In
February
2015,
the Board of Directors approved the revenue achievement for the
2013
Executive PSUs and a total of
622,000
shares were earned by the executive officers.
50%
of the
2013
Executive PSUs vested in the
first
quarter of
2015
and the remaining shares vest over the following
two
years on a quarterly basis. Vesting is subject to the employees’ continued employment with the Company. In
March
2016,
the Company cancelled
18,000
2013
Executive PSUs as a result of the departure of its then Chief Financial Officer. Based on the actual achievement of the performance goals, the total stock-based compensation cost for the
2013
Executive PSUs is approximately
$15.0
million.
 
In
February
2013,
the Board of Directors granted
91,000
PSUs to certain non-executive employees, which represented a target number of RSUs that would be awarded upon achievement of certain pre-determined revenue targets for the Company as a whole, certain regions or product-line divisions in
2014
(“2013
Non-Executive PSUs”). The maximum number of shares that an employee could earn was either
200%
or
300%
of the target number of
2013
Non-Executive PSUs, depending on the job classification of the employee. In
February
2015,
the Board of Directors approved the revenue achievement for the
2013
Non-Executive PSUs and a total of
154,000
shares were earned by the non-executive employees.
50%
of the
2013
Non-Executive PSUs vested in the
first
quarter of
2015
and the remaining shares vest over the following
two
years on an annual or quarterly basis. Vesting is subject to the employees’ continued employment with the Company. Based on the actual achievement of the performance goals, the total stock-based compensation cost for the
2013
Non-Executive PSUs is approximately
$3.0
million.
 
2013
MSUs:
 
In
December
2013,
the Board of Directors granted
360,000
MSUs to the executive officers and certain key employees, which represented a target number of shares that would be awarded upon achievement of
five
MPS stock price targets ranging from
$40.00
to
$56.00
during a
five
-year performance period from
January
1,
2014
to
December
31,
2018
(“2013
MSUs”). The maximum number of shares that an employee could earn was
500%
of the target number of the
2013
MSUs. The
2013
MSUs will vest quarterly from
January
1,
2019
to
December
31,
2023
if the pre-determined performance goals were met during the performance period and approved by the Board of Directors. Vesting is subject to the employees’ continued employment with the Company. As of
December
31,
2015,
all
five
MPS stock price targets have been achieved and the employees earned a total of
1.8
million shares. In
March
2016,
the Company cancelled
36,000
2013
MSUs as a result of the departure of its then Chief Financial Officer. 
 
The Company determined the grant date fair value of the
2013
MSUs using a Monte Carlo simulation model with the following assumptions: stock price of
$31.73,
expected volatility of
38.7%
and risk-free interest rate of
1.6%.
  The total stock-based compensation cost for the
2013
MSUs is approximately
$38.2
million.
  
Stock Options 
 
No stock options were granted for the years ended
December
31,
2016,
2015
and
2014.
A summary of stock option activity is presented in the table below:
 
 
 
Shares
 
 
Weighted-
Average
Exercise Price
 
 
Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
 
 
Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
 
   
(in thousands)
           
(in years)
   
(in thousands)
 
Outstanding at January 1, 2014
   
1,356
    $
15.86
     
1.9
    $
25,506
 
Exercised
   
(742
)   $
16.09
     
 
     
 
 
Forfeited and expired
   
(24
)   $
10.07
     
 
     
 
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2014
   
590
    $
15.80
     
1.2
    $
20,039
 
Exercised
   
(498
)   $
15.55
     
 
     
 
 
Forfeited and expired
   
(2
)   $
6.10
     
 
     
 
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2015
   
90
    $
17.50
     
1.3
    $
4,134
 
Exercised
   
(76
)   $
17.80
     
 
     
 
 
Outstanding at December 31, 2016
   
14
    $
15.88
     
1.0
    $
921
 
Options exercisable at December 31, 2016 and expected to vest
   
14
    $
15.88
     
1.0
    $
921
 
Options exercisable at December 31, 2016
   
14
    $
15.88
     
1.0
    $
921
 
 
Total intrinsic value of options exercised was
$3.7
million,
$18.6
million and
$17.3
million for the years ended
December
31,
2016,
2015
and
2014,
respectively. Proceeds from stock option exercises were
$1.3
million,
$7.7
million and
$11.9
million for the years ended
December
31,
2016,
2015
and
2014,
respectively. At
December
31,
2016,
there was no unamortized compensation expense.
 
2004
Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”)
 
Under the ESPP, eligible employees
may
purchase common stock through payroll deductions. Participants
may
not purchase more than
2,000
shares in a
six
-month offering period or stock having a value greater than
$25,000
in any calendar year as measured at the beginning of the offering period in accordance with the Internal Revenue Code and applicable Treasury Regulations.  The ESPP provides for an annual increase by an amount equal to the least of
1.0
million shares,
2%
of the outstanding shares of common stock on the
first
day of the year, or a number of shares as determined by the Board of Directors.  As of
December
31,
2016,
approximately
4.6
million shares were available for future issuance.
 
For the years ended
December
31,
2016,
2015
and
2014,
53,000,
56,000
and
78,000
shares, respectively, were issued under the ESPP. The intrinsic value of the shares issued was
$1.0
million,
$0.6
million and
$0.9
million for the years ended
December
31,
2016,
2015
and
2014,
respectively. The unamortized expense as of
December
31,
2016
was
$93,000,
which will be recognized through the
first
quarter of
2017.
The Black-Scholes model was used to value the employee stock purchase rights with the following weighted-average assumptions: 
 
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
 
 
2016
 
 
2015
 
 
2014
 
Expected term (years)
   
0.5
     
0.5
     
0.5
 
Expected volatility
   
28.6
%    
30.3
%    
29.4
%
Risk-free interest rate
   
0.4
%    
0.2
%    
0.1
%
Dividend yield
   
1.2
%    
1.4
%    
0.7
%
 
Cash proceeds from the shares issued under the ESPP
were
$2.5
million,
$2.2
million and
$2.1
million for the years ended
December
31,
2016,
2015
and
2014,
respectively.