Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the fair value of net tangible and identifiable intangible assets acquired in a business combination.

Intangible assets primarily consist of software licenses as well as developed technology, customer relationships and trade name that were acquired from business combinations.

The Company enters into certain software license agreements with third parties from time-to-time. The software licenses consist of noncancelable on-premise internal-use software and software with alternative use that is to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed as part of a product. The licenses have been capitalized as intangible assets, and the corresponding future payments have been recorded as liabilities at net present value. As of October 31, 2023, approximately $8.5 million was recorded in accrued and other current liabilities and $9.8 million was recorded in other long-term liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.

The components of intangible assets as of October 31, 2023 and January 31, 2023 were as follows:


	As of October 31, 2023							As of January 31, 2023
	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount		Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization			Net Carrying Amount
	(in thousands)
Software licenses	$	44,340	$	(12,584	)	$	31,756	$	34,128	$	(6,319	)	$	27,809
Developed technology		21,200		(6,204	)		14,996		21,200		(3,932	)		17,268
Customer relationships		13,200		(2,933	)		10,267		13,200		(1,833	)		11,367
Trade name		2,500		(714	)		1,786		2,500		(447	)		2,053
Total intangible assets, net	$	81,240	$	(22,435	)	$	58,805	$	71,028	$	(12,531	)	$	58,497

During the nine months ended October 31, 2023, there were approximately $12.5 million of software licenses purchased and approximately $2.2 million of software licenses retired. The amortization expense associated with software licenses was approximately $3.1 million and $2.0 million for the three months ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and was approximately $8.5 million and $5.2 million for the nine months ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The amortization expense associated with acquisition-related intangible assets, including developed technology, customer relationships and trade name, was approximately $1.2 million and $1.2 million for the three months ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively, and was approximately $3.6 million and $3.6 million for the nine months ended October 31, 2023 and 2022 respectively. As of October 31, 2023, the Company has not commenced amortization with respect to approximately $9.4 million of software licenses with alternative uses that are to be sold, leased or otherwise marketed as part of products. Once the associated products are available for general release to customers, the Company will commence amortization on a product-by-product basis over the remaining estimated economic life of the products. The expected future amortization expense related to these intangible assets as of October 31, 2023 is as follows:


	As of
	October 31, 2023
Fiscal Year	(in thousands)
2024 (3 months remaining)	$	4,188
2025		14,841
2026		12,479
2027		7,609
2028		6,081
Thereafter		13,607
Total future amortization expenses:	$	58,805

Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are tested for impairment at least annually, in the fourth fiscal quarter, or more frequently if events or changes in circumstances indicate that they may be impaired. There were no goodwill and intangible asset impairments for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively.