<?xml version="1.0"?>
<ownershipDocument>

    <schemaVersion>X0306</schemaVersion>

    <documentType>4</documentType>

    <periodOfReport>2016-04-15</periodOfReport>

    <notSubjectToSection16>1</notSubjectToSection16>

    <issuer>
        <issuerCik>0001279704</issuerCik>
        <issuerName>Cellectar Biosciences, Inc.</issuerName>
        <issuerTradingSymbol>CLRB</issuerTradingSymbol>
    </issuer>

    <reportingOwner>
        <reportingOwnerId>
            <rptOwnerCik>0001676051</rptOwnerCik>
            <rptOwnerName>Hertzberg Richard</rptOwnerName>
        </reportingOwnerId>
        <reportingOwnerAddress>
            <rptOwnerStreet1>1329 STRATFORD COURT</rptOwnerStreet1>
            <rptOwnerStreet2></rptOwnerStreet2>
            <rptOwnerCity>DEL MAR</rptOwnerCity>
            <rptOwnerState>CA</rptOwnerState>
            <rptOwnerZipCode>92014</rptOwnerZipCode>
            <rptOwnerStateDescription></rptOwnerStateDescription>
        </reportingOwnerAddress>
        <reportingOwnerRelationship>
            <isDirector>0</isDirector>
            <isOfficer>0</isOfficer>
            <isTenPercentOwner>0</isTenPercentOwner>
            <isOther>1</isOther>
            <otherText>Significant Owner</otherText>
        </reportingOwnerRelationship>
    </reportingOwner>

    <nonDerivativeTable>
        <nonDerivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Cellectar Biosciences, Inc. (CLRB) Common Stock</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2016-04-15</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>P</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionTimeliness>
                <value></value>
            </transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>234742</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>2.12</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>A</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>297242</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
        <nonDerivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Cellectar Biosciences, Inc.</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2016-04-21</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>P</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionTimeliness>
                <value></value>
            </transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>3758</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>1.9</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>A</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>301000</value>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </nonDerivativeTransaction>
    </nonDerivativeTable>

    <derivativeTable>
        <derivativeTransaction>
            <securityTitle>
                <value>Cellectar Biosciences, Inc. Series A Warrant (CLRBZ)</value>
            </securityTitle>
            <conversionOrExercisePrice>
                <value>3.04</value>
            </conversionOrExercisePrice>
            <transactionDate>
                <value>2016-04-15</value>
            </transactionDate>
            <transactionCoding>
                <transactionFormType>4</transactionFormType>
                <transactionCode>P</transactionCode>
                <equitySwapInvolved>0</equitySwapInvolved>
            </transactionCoding>
            <transactionTimeliness>
                <value></value>
            </transactionTimeliness>
            <transactionAmounts>
                <transactionShares>
                    <value>234742</value>
                </transactionShares>
                <transactionPricePerShare>
                    <value>0.01</value>
                </transactionPricePerShare>
                <transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
                    <value>A</value>
                </transactionAcquiredDisposedCode>
            </transactionAmounts>
            <exerciseDate>
                <value>2016-04-20</value>
            </exerciseDate>
            <expirationDate>
                <value>2021-04-20</value>
            </expirationDate>
            <underlyingSecurity>
                <underlyingSecurityTitle>
                    <value>Cellectar Biosciences, Inc. (CLRB) Common Stock</value>
                </underlyingSecurityTitle>
                <underlyingSecurityShares>
                    <value>234742</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F1"/>
                </underlyingSecurityShares>
            </underlyingSecurity>
            <postTransactionAmounts>
                <sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
                    <value>41915</value>
                    <footnoteId id="F2"/>
                </sharesOwnedFollowingTransaction>
            </postTransactionAmounts>
            <ownershipNature>
                <directOrIndirectOwnership>
                    <value>D</value>
                </directOrIndirectOwnership>
            </ownershipNature>
        </derivativeTransaction>
    </derivativeTable>

    <footnotes>
        <footnote id="F1">The 234,742 Class A Warrants (CLRBZ) purchased on April 15, 2016 &quot;are not exercisable by their holder to the extent (but only to the extent) that such holder or any of its affiliates would beneficially own in excess of 4.99% subject to increase to 9.99%.&quot; (Cellectar Biosciences Prospectus, Dated April 15, 2016, Registration No. 333-208638).  Thus, the Beneficial Ownership effect of these warrants can be calculated only to the extent that the exercise of such warrants would not increase the Beneficial Ownership of Hertzberg or his affiliates of Cellectar Biosciences, Inc. to more than 4.99 % (or 9.99% if so increased).</footnote>
        <footnote id="F2">The 41,915 warrants include 1,000 warrants expiring on Dec 5, 2016 with a strike price of $120 and 40,915 warrants expiring Aug 20, 2019 with a strike price of $46.80.  These values are the result of a Cellectar reverse split on 3/4/2016 of 10:1.  The CLRBZ warrants are not included in the Beneficial Ownership total due to the exercise limitation.</footnote>
    </footnotes>

    <ownerSignature>
        <signatureName>Richard Hertzberg</signatureName>
        <signatureDate>2016-06-14</signatureDate>
    </ownerSignature>
</ownershipDocument>
