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Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2020
Receivables [Abstract]  
Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses
Note 4 – Loans and Allowance for Loan Losses

The components of loans in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, were as follows:
(Dollars in thousands)June 30, 2020December 31, 2019
Commercial and Non-Residential Real Estate$1,127,792  $1,063,828  
Residential Real Estate279,626  271,604  
Home Equity37,383  35,106  
Consumer3,525  3,697  
Purchased credit impaired loans:
Commercial and Non-Residential Real Estate19,799  —  
Residential Real Estate27,033  —  
Home Equity—  —  
Consumer1,603  —  
Total Loans$1,496,761  $1,374,235  
Deferred loan origination (fees) and costs, net(2,089) 306  
Loans receivable$1,494,672  $1,374,541  

Performing loans acquired as a result of the FDIC-assisted acquisition of First State are included with the Company's legacy loan portfolio within this Note. The purchased credit impaired loans acquired from First State are discussed in a separate section, Purchased Credit Impaired Loans, at the end of this Note and are not included, unless otherwise indicated.

For loans with maturities over one year, loan origination fees and direct loan origination costs are deferred and recognized over the life of the loan. For loans with an original maturity of less than one year, loan origination fees and direct loan origination costs are recognized when incurred.

An allowance for loan losses (“ALL”) is maintained to absorb losses from the loan portfolio. The ALL is based on management’s continuing evaluation of the risk characteristics and credit quality of the loan portfolio, assessment of current economic conditions, diversification and size of the portfolio, adequacy of collateral, past and anticipated loss experience, and the amount of non-performing loans.

The Bank’s methodology for determining the ALL is based on the requirements of ASC Section 310-10-35 for loans individually evaluated for impairment (discussed above) and ASC Subtopic 450-20 for loans collectively evaluated for impairment, as well as the Interagency Policy Statements on the Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses and other bank regulatory guidance. The total of the two components represents the Bank’s ALL. The Bank’s methodology allows for the analysis of certain impaired loans in homogeneous pools, rather than on an individual basis, when those loans are below specific thresholds based on outstanding principal balance. More specifically, residential mortgage loans, home equity lines of credit, and consumer loans, when considered impaired, are evaluated collectively for impairment by applying allocation rates derived from the Bank’s historical losses specific to impaired loans. Total collectively evaluated impaired loans, excluding the performing loans and purchased credit impaired loans acquired from First State, were $2.1 million and $2.0 million, while the related reserves were $69 thousand and $139 thousand as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019. Such collectively evaluated impaired loans are included in total loans individually evaluated for impairment and in total impaired loans.

Loans that are collectively evaluated for impairment are analyzed with general allowances being made as appropriate. For general allowances, historical loss trends are used in the estimation of losses in the current portfolio. These historical loss amounts are modified by qualified factors.

The segments described below in the impaired loans by class table, which are based on the federal call code assigned to each loan, provide the starting point for the ALL analysis. Company and bank management tracks the historical net charge-off activity at the call code level. A historical charge-off factor is calculated utilizing a defined number of consecutive historical quarters. All pools currently utilize a rolling 12 quarters.

“Pass” rated credits are segregated from “Criticized” credits for the application of qualitative factors. Loans in the criticized pools, which possess certain qualities or characteristics that may lead to collection and loss issues, are closely monitored by management and subject to additional qualitative factors.
Company and Bank management have identified a number of additional qualitative factors which it uses to supplement the historical charge-off factor because these factors are likely to cause estimated credit losses associated with the existing loan pools to differ from historical loss experience. The additional factors that are evaluated quarterly and updated using information obtained from internal, regulatory, and governmental sources are: lending policies and procedures, nature and volume of the portfolio, experience and ability of lending management and staff, volume and severity of problem credits, conclusion of loan reviews, audits, and exams, changes in the value of underlying collateral, effect of concentrations of credit from a loan type, industry and/or geographic standpoint, changes in economic and business conditions, consumer sentiment, and other external factors. The combination of historical charge-off and qualitative factors are then weighted for each risk grade. These weightings are determined internally based upon the likelihood of loss as a loan risk grading deteriorates.

To estimate the liability for off-balance sheet credit exposures, Bank management analyzed the portfolios of letters of credit, non-revolving lines of credit, and revolving lines of credit, and based its calculation on the expectation of future advances of each loan category. Letters of credit were determined to be highly unlikely to advance since they are generally in place only to ensure various forms of performance of the borrowers. In the Bank’s history, there have been no letters of credit drawn upon. In addition, many of the letters of credit are cash secured and do not warrant an allocation. Non-revolving lines of credit were determined to be highly likely to advance as these are typically construction lines. Meanwhile, the likelihood of revolving lines of credit advancing varies with each individual borrower. Therefore, the future usage of each line was estimated based on the average line utilization of the revolving line of credit portfolio as a whole.

Once the estimated future advances were calculated, an allocation rate, which was derived from the Bank’s historical losses and qualitative environmental factors, was applied in the similar manner as those used for the allowance for loan loss calculation. The resulting estimated loss allocations were totaled to determine the liability for unfunded commitments related to these loans, which management considers necessary to anticipate potential losses on those commitments that have a reasonable probability of funding. As of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the liability for unfunded commitments related to loans held for investment, excluding loans acquired from First State, was $332 thousand.

Bank management reviews the loan portfolio on a quarterly basis using a defined, consistently applied process in order to make appropriate and timely adjustments to the ALL. When information confirms all or part of specific loans to be uncollectible, these amounts are promptly charged off against the ALL.

The ALL is based on estimates, and actual losses will vary from current estimates. Management believes that the granularity of the homogeneous pools and the related historical loss ratios and other qualitative factors, as well as the consistency in the application of assumptions, result in an ALL that is representative of the risk found in the components of the portfolio at any given date.

The following tables summarize the primary segments of the ALL, segregated into the amount required for loans individually evaluated for impairment and the amount required for loans collectively evaluated for impairment as of June 30, 2020:
(Dollars in thousands)CommercialResidentialHome EquityConsumerTotal
December 31, 2019$10,098  $1,272  $327  $78  $11,775  
     Charge-offs(1,756) —  (23) —  (1,779) 
     Recoveries —    12  
     Provision 7,053  574  (44) (22) 7,561  
ALL balance at June 30, 2020$15,401  $1,846  $264  $58  $17,569  
Individually evaluated for impairment$1,547  $—  $—  $—  $1,547  
Collectively evaluated for impairment$13,854  $1,846  $264  $58  $16,022  

(Dollars in thousands)CommercialResidentialHome EquityConsumerTotal
ALL balance at March 31, 2020$9,597  $1,272  $236  $56  $11,161  
     Charge-offs—  —  (23) —  (23) 
     Recoveries —   —   
     Provision 5,798  574  49   6,423  
ALL balance at June 30, 2020$15,401  $1,846  $264  $58  $17,569  
The following table summarizes the primary segments of the Company's loan portfolio as of June 30, 2020:
(Dollars in thousands)CommercialResidentialHome EquityConsumerTotal
     Individually evaluated for impairment$14,372  $3,082  $102  $—  $17,556  
     Collectively evaluated for impairment1,113,420  276,544  37,281  3,525  1,430,770  
Total Loans1,127,792  279,626  37,383  3,525  1,448,326  

The following tables summarize the primary segments of the ALL, segregated into the amount required for loans individually evaluated for impairment and the amount required for loans collectively evaluated for impairment as of June 30, 2019:
(Dollars in thousands)CommercialResidentialHome EquityConsumerTotal
December 31, 2018$8,605  $1,405  $684  $245  $10,939  
     Charge-offs(666) —  —  (10) (676) 
     Recoveries     
     Provision 1,031  (177) 26  20  900  
ALL balance at June 30, 2019$8,971  $1,229  $712  $256  $11,168  
Individually evaluated for impairment$534  $—  $—  $—  $534  
Collectively evaluated for impairment$8,437  $1,229  $712  $256  $10,634  

(Dollars in thousands)CommercialResidentialHome EquityConsumerTotal
ALL balance at March 31, 2019$8,864  $1,417  $704  $257  $11,242  
     Charge-offs(666) —  —  (10) (676) 
     Recoveries —   —   
     Provision (recovery)772  (188)   600  
ALL balance at June 30, 2019$8,971  $1,229  $712  $256  $11,168  

The following table summarizes the primary segments of the Company's loan portfolio as of June 30, 2019:
(Dollars in thousands)CommercialResidentialHome EquityConsumerTotal
     Individually evaluated for impairment$7,771  $3,112  $250  $37  $11,170  
     Collectively evaluated for impairment977,059  270,715  58,643  8,812  1,315,229  
Total Loans$984,830  $273,827  $58,893  $8,849  $1,326,399  

Loans are considered to be impaired when, based on current information and events, it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect the scheduled payments of principal or interest when due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Factors considered by management in evaluating impairment include payment status, collateral value, and the probability of collecting scheduled principal and interest payments when due. Management determines the significance of payment delays and payment shortfalls on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration all of the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower, including the length of the delay, the reasons for the delay, the borrower’s prior payment record, and the amount of the shortfall in relation to the principal and interest owed. The Company evaluates residential mortgage loans, home equity lines of credit, and consumer loans in homogeneous pools, rather than on an individual basis, when each of those loans are below specific thresholds based on outstanding principal balance. Such loans that individually exceed these thresholds are evaluated individually for impairment. The Chief Credit Officer identifies these loans individually by monitoring the delinquency status of the Bank’s portfolio. Once identified, the Bank’s ongoing communications with the borrower allow management to evaluate the significance of the payment delays and the circumstances surrounding the loan and the borrower.

Once the determination has been made that a loan is impaired, the amount of the impairment is measured using one of three valuation methods: (a) the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective interest rate; (b) the loan’s observable market price; or (c) the fair value of the collateral less selling costs. The method is selected on a loan-by-loan basis, with management primarily utilizing the fair value of collateral method. The evaluation of the need and amount of a specific allocation of the allowance and whether a loan can be removed from impairment status is made on a quarterly basis.
The Company currently manages its loan portfolios and the respective exposure to credit losses (credit risk) by the following specific portfolio segments which are levels at which the Company develops and documents its systematic methodology to determine the allowance for credit losses attributable to each respective portfolio segment. These segments are as follows:

Commercial business loans – Commercial loans are made to provide funds for equipment and general corporate needs, as well as to finance owner occupied real estate, and to finance future cash flows of Federal Government lease contracts. Repayment of these loans primarily uses the funds obtained from the operation of the borrower’s business. Commercial loans also include lines of credit that are utilized to finance a borrower’s short-term credit needs and/or to finance a percentage of eligible receivables and inventory. This segment includes both company originated and purchased participation loans. Credit risk arises from the successful operation of the business which may be affected by competition, rising interest rates, regulatory changes and adverse conditions in the local and regional economy.

Commercial real estate loans – Commercial real estate loans consist of non-owner occupied properties such as investment properties for retail, office and multifamily with a history of occupancy and cash flow. This segment includes both company originated and purchased participation loans. These loans carry the risk of adverse changes in the local economy and a tenant’s deteriorating credit strength, lease expirations in soft markets and sustained vacancies which can adversely impact cash flow.

Commercial acquisition, development and construction loans – Commercial acquisition, development and construction loans are intended to finance the construction of commercial and residential properties, including the construction of single-family dwellings, and also includes loans for the acquisition and development of land. Construction loans represent a higher degree of risk than permanent real estate loans and may be affected by a variety of factors such as the borrower’s ability to control costs and adhere to time schedules and the risk that constructed units may not be absorbed by the market within the anticipated time frame or at the anticipated price. The loan commitment on these loans often includes an interest reserve that allows the lender to periodically advance loan funds to pay interest charges on the outstanding balance of the loan.

Commercial SBA Paycheck Protection Program loans –This segment includes the loan originated through the recently created Small Business Administration’s Paycheck Protection Program loans. Credit risk is heightened as this SBA program mandates that these loans require no collateral and no guarantors of the loans. However, the loans are backed by a full guaranty of the SBA, so long as the loans were originated in accordance with the program guidelines. Additionally, these loans are eligible for full forgiveness by the SBA so long as the borrowers comply with the program guidelines as it pertains to their eligibility to borrow these funds, as well as their use of the funds.

Residential mortgage loans – This residential real estate subsegment contains permanent and construction mortgage loans principally to consumers secured by residential real estate. Residential real estate loans are evaluated for the adequacy of repayment sources at the time of approval, based upon measures including credit scores, debt-to-income ratios, and collateral values. Credit risk arises from the borrower’s, and where applicable the builder's, continuing financial stability, which can be adversely impacted by job loss, divorce, illness, or personal bankruptcy, among other factors. Also impacting credit risk would be a shortfall in the value of the residential real estate in relation to the outstanding loan balance in the event of a default or subsequent liquidation of the real estate collateral.

Home equity lines of credit – This segment includes subsegment for senior lien and subordinate lien lines of credit. Credit risk is similar to residential real estate loans above as it is subject to the borrower’s continuing financial stability and the value of the collateral securing the loan.

Consumer loans – This segment of loans includes primarily installment loans and personal lines of credit. Consumer loans include installment loans used by clients to purchase automobiles, boats and recreational vehicles. Credit risk is similar to residential real estate loans above as it is subject to the borrower’s continuing financial stability and the value of the collateral securing the loan.
The following table presents impaired loans by class, segregated by those for which a specific allowance was required and those for which a specific allowance was not necessary as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
 Impaired Loans with Specific AllowanceImpaired Loans with No Specific AllowanceTotal Impaired Loans
(Dollars in thousands)Recorded InvestmentRelated AllowanceRecorded InvestmentRecorded InvestmentUnpaid Principal Balance
June 30, 2020
Commercial
     Commercial Business$8,637  $1,068  $661  $9,298  $10,499  
     Commercial Real Estate2,100  479  992  3,092  3,198  
     Acquisition & Development—  —  2,035  2,035  3,435  
     SBA Paycheck Protection Program—  —  —  —  —  
          Total Commercial10,737  1,547  3,688  14,425  17,132  
Residential—  —  3,212  3,212  3,372  
Home Equity—  —  111  111  137  
Consumer—  —  —  —  —  
          Total Impaired Loans$10,737  $1,547  $7,011  $17,748  $20,641  
December 31, 2019
Commercial
     Commercial Business$2,606  $249  $644  $3,250  $4,308  
     Commercial Real Estate1,786  325  295  2,081  2,171  
     Acquisition & Development—  —  2,070  2,070  3,467  
     SBA Paycheck Protection Program—  —  —  —  —  
          Total Commercial4,392  574  3,009  7,401  9,946  
Residential—  —  1,953  1,953  2,045  
Home Equity—  —  95  95  100  
Consumer—  —  34  34  35  
          Total Impaired Loans$4,392  $574  $5,091  $9,483  $12,126  

Excluding loans acquired from First State, impaired loans have increased by $8.1 million, or 85.1%, during the six months ended June 30, 2020. This change is the net effect of multiple factors, including the identification of $8.2 million of impaired loans, curtailments of $348 thousand, the foreclosure of one consumer loan which required the reclassification of $23 thousand to other real estate owned, the reclassification of $26 thousand to performing loans based on improved repayment performance, and normal loan amortization of $295 thousand.

The $8.2 million of loans recently classified as impaired are primarily concentrated in a single commercial loan relationship that includes three loans for a total of $6.1 million, or 74.4% of the total of recently impaired loans. The remaining $2.1 million represents two unrelated commercial loans totaling $718 thousand, four unrelated mortgage loans totaling $1.4 million, and a single home equity line of credit in the amount of $34 thousand.

Impaired loans acquired from First State, excluding purchased credit impaired loans, totaled $192 thousand as of June 30, 2020.
The following table presents the average recorded investment in impaired loans and related interest income recognized for the periods indicated:
Six Months Ended June 30, 2020Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
(Dollars in thousands)Average Investment in Impaired LoansInterest Income Recognized on Accrual BasisInterest Income Recognized on Cash BasisAverage Investment in Impaired LoansInterest Income Recognized on Accrual BasisInterest Income Recognized on Cash Basis
Commercial
  Commercial Business$3,972  $ $—  $4,681  $ $—  
  Commercial Real Estate3,054  52  52  3,211  26  29  
  Acquisition & Development2,043  57  19  2,038  29  —  
  SBA Paycheck Protection Program—  —  —  —  —  —  
    Total Commercial9,069  110  71  9,930  56  29  
Residential2,547  11   2,712    
Home Equity110  —  —  120  —  —  
Consumer10  —  —  —  —  —  
Total$11,736  $121  $80  $12,762  $62  $33  

Six Months Ended June 30, 2019Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)Average Investment in Impaired LoansInterest Income Recognized on Accrual BasisInterest Income Recognized on Cash BasisAverage Investment in Impaired LoansInterest Income Recognized on Accrual BasisInterest Income Recognized on Cash Basis
Commercial
  Commercial Business$3,516  $—  $—  $3,424  $—  $—  
  Commercial Real Estate3,809  81  83  3,579  40  45  
  Acquisition & Development2,194  61  60  2,173  31  31  
  SBA Paycheck Protection Program—  —  —  —  —  —  
    Total Commercial9,519  142  143  9,176  71  76  
Residential2,990    3,123    
Home Equity166    210    
Consumer51  —  —  23  —  —  
Total$12,726  $150  $151  $12,532  $75  $81  

As of June 30, 2020, the Bank’s other real estate owned balance totaled $1.2 million, excluding other real estate owned acquired from First State. The Bank held three foreclosed residential real estate properties representing $357 thousand, or 30%, of the total balance of other real estate owned. These properties are held primarily as a result of the foreclosures of one commercial loan relationship, which included two properties for a total of $294 thousand. The remaining residential real estate property, with a book balance of $63 thousand, was the result of the foreclosure of an unrelated borrower. The remaining $826 thousand, or 70%, of other real estate owned is the result of the foreclosure of two unrelated commercial development loans. There are four additional consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate properties in the process of foreclosure. The total recorded investment in these loans was $214 thousand as of June 30, 2020. These loans are included in the table above and have no specific allowance allocated to them.

As of June 30, 2019, the Bank’s other real estate owned balance totaled $1.4 million. The Bank held twelve foreclosed residential real estate properties representing $583 thousand, or 41%, of the total balance of other real estate owned. These properties are held as a result of the foreclosures of primarily two commercial loan relationships, one of which included two properties for a total of $294 thousand, while the other included seven properties for a total of $174 thousand. The three remaining residential real estate properties, totaling $115 thousand, were result of the foreclosure of three unrelated borrowers. The remaining $826 thousand, or 59%, of other real estate owned is the result of the foreclosure of three unrelated commercial development loans. There are two additional consumer mortgage loans collateralized by residential real estate properties in the process of foreclosure. The total recorded investment in these loans was $516 thousand as of June 30, 2019. These loans are included in the table above and have no specific allowance allocated to them.

As of June 30, 2020, other real estate owned acquired from the acquisition of First State totaled $7.7 million, a decrease of $4.4 million since the acquisition on April 3, 2020. During the period between acquisition and June 30, 2020, there were 81 properties sold totaling $4.4 million.
Bank management uses a nine-point internal risk rating system to monitor the credit quality of the overall loan portfolio. The first six categories are considered not criticized and are aggregated as “Pass” rated. The criticized rating categories utilized by management generally follow bank regulatory definitions. The Special Mention category includes assets that are currently protected but are potentially weak, resulting in an undue and unwarranted credit risk, but not to the point of justifying a Substandard classification. Loans in the Substandard category have well-defined weaknesses that jeopardize the liquidation of the debt and have a distinct possibility that some loss will be sustained if the weaknesses are not corrected. Any portion of a loan that has been or is expected to be charged off is placed in the Loss category.

To help ensure that risk ratings are accurate and reflect the present and future capacity of borrowers to repay a loan as agreed, the Bank has a structured loan rating process with several layers of internal and external oversight. Generally, consumer and residential mortgage loans are included in the Pass categories unless a specific action, such as past due status, bankruptcy, repossession, or death occurs to raise awareness of a possible credit event. The Bank’s Chief Credit Officer is responsible for the timely and accurate risk rating of the loans in the portfolio at origination and on an ongoing basis. The Credit Department ensures that a review of all commercial relationships of $1 million or greater is performed annually.

Review of the appropriate risk grade is included in both the internal and external loan review process, and on an ongoing basis. The Bank has an experienced Credit Department that continually reviews and assesses loans within the portfolio. The Bank engages an external consultant to conduct independent loan reviews on at least an annual basis. Generally, the external consultant reviews larger commercial relationships or criticized relationships. The Bank’s Credit Department compiles detailed reviews, including plans for resolution, on loans classified as Substandard on a quarterly basis. Loans in the Special Mention and Substandard categories that are collectively evaluated for impairment are given separate consideration in the determination of the allowance.

The following table represents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by the aggregate Pass and the criticized categories of Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful within the internal risk rating system as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
(Dollars in thousands)PassSpecial MentionSubstandardDoubtfulTotal
June 30, 2020
Commercial
     Commercial Business$463,570  $8,782  $9,497  $—  $481,849  
     Commercial Real Estate365,802  53,890  7,028  —  426,720  
     Acquisition & Development114,343  10,487  4,631  —  129,461  
     SBA Paycheck Protection Program89,762  —  —  —  89,762  
          Total Commercial1,033,477  73,159  21,156  —  1,127,792  
Residential275,357  1,400  2,758  111  279,626  
Home Equity36,899  382  102  —  37,383  
Consumer3,489  36  —  —  3,525  
          Total Loans$1,349,222  $74,977  $24,016  $111  $1,448,326  
December 31, 2019
Commercial
     Commercial Business$511,590  $17,398  $11,894  $—  $540,882  
     Commercial Real Estate406,712  3,564  1,494  —  411,770  
     Acquisition & Development106,428  1,869  2,879  —  111,176  
     SBA Paycheck Protection Program—  —  —  —  —  
          Total Commercial1,024,730  22,831  16,267  —  1,063,828  
Residential267,367  1,946  2,177  114  271,604  
Home Equity34,641  383  82  —  35,106  
Consumer3,613  56  28  —  3,697  
          Total Loans$1,330,351  $25,216  $18,554  $114  $1,374,235  

Excluding the loans acquired from First State, loans classified as Special Mention totaled $74.8 million and $25.2 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The increase of $49.6 million, or 197%, was concentrated in the commercial
loan portfolio. This increase is primarily the result of the risk grade downgrade of six relationships, totaling $66.4 million. These relationships represent borrowers in industries that now represent increased risk as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. More specifically, two relationships with loans totaling $30.8 million, include the financing on six separate hotel properties. An additional $30.0 million of the total represents loans to two relationships that were originated to finance three separate retail commercial real estate projects. The fifth relationship includes $3.4 million in loans originated to finance movie cinemas, while the final relationship includes $2.2 million in loans originated to finance an owner-occupied property that houses a private school. Offsetting these additions to the total of Special Mention loans were two unrelated commercial loans which were paid in full since December 31, 2019, for a total of $11.7 million. Additionally, the total was impacted by the charge-off of a $1.8 million government lease finance loan stemming from the non-renewal of the underlying lease agreement. Lastly, a $1.9 million loan originated to finance the infrastructure of residential home sites was reclassified as Substandard in the second quarter of 2020. These lots are adjacent to a resort hotel property and are dependent on the hotel operations for repayment. These matters are being monitored and any significant developments will result in reevaluation of the risk grades, where appropriate, and the potential recognition of future recoveries.

Excluding loans acquired from First State, loans classified as Substandard totaled $23.9 million and $18.6 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. The increase of $5.3 million, or 29%, was concentrated in the commercial loan portfolio. The increase is primarily the result of the risk grade downgrade of two unrelated commercial loans totaling $6.7 million. These loans include a $4.8 million loan originated to finance a hotel property, and the $1.9 million residential infrastructure loan noted above. Additionally, the risk grade downgrade of twelve unrelated commercial loans totaling $967 thousand further impacted the total of Substandard commercial loans. Meanwhile, Substandard mortgage loans increased by $451 thousand as a result of long-term erratic payment performance that has required non-accrual status of these loans. Meanwhile, the total increase of Substandard commercial loans was offset by the $1.8 million decrease in the outstanding balance of a performing Substandard loan, which is classified due to identified operational risks, and the payoff of an unrelated loan in the amount of $537 thousand. These matters are being monitored and any significant developments will result in reevaluation of the risk grades.

Loans acquired from First State classified as Special Mention and Substandard, excluding purchased credit impaired loans, totaled $182 thousand and $130 thousand, respectively, as of June 30, 2020.

Management further monitors the performance and credit quality of the loan portfolio by analyzing the age of the portfolio as determined by the length of time a recorded payment is past due.

A loan that has deteriorated and requires additional collection efforts by the Bank could warrant non-accrual status. A thorough review is presented to the Chief Credit Officer and/or the Management Loan Committee (“MLC”), as required with respect to any loan which is in a collection process and to make a determination as to whether the loan should be placed on non-accrual status. The placement of loans on non-accrual status is subject to applicable regulatory restrictions and guidelines. Generally, loans should be placed in non-accrual status when the loan reaches 90 days past due, when it becomes likely the borrower cannot or will not make scheduled principal or interest payments, when full repayment of principal and interest is not expected, or when the loan displays potential loss characteristics. Normally, all accrued interest is charged off when a loan is placed in non-accrual status, unless management believes it is likely the accrued interest will be collected. Any payments subsequently received are applied to principal. To remove a loan from non-accrual status, all principal and interest due must be paid up to date and the Bank is reasonably sure of future satisfactory payment performance. Usually, this requires a six-month recent history of on-time payments. Removal of a loan from non-accrual status will require the approval of the Chief Credit Officer and/or MLC.
The following table presents the classes of the loan portfolio summarized by aging categories of performing loans and non-accrual loans as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
(Dollars in thousands)Current30-59 Days Past Due60-89 Days Past Due90+ Days Past DueTotal Past DueTotal LoansNon-Accrual90+ Days Still Accruing
June 30, 2020
Commercial
     Commercial Business$481,455  $152  $—  $242  $394  $481,849  $8,899  $—  
     Commercial Real Estate425,824  —  —  896  896  426,720  1,333  —  
     Acquisition & Development128,672  —  —  789  789  129,461  378  —  
     SBA Paycheck Protection Program89,762  —  —  —  —  89,762  —  —  
          Total Commercial1,125,713  152  —  1,927  2,079  1,127,792  10,610  —  
Residential277,230  —  647  1,749  2,396  279,626  2,734  —  
Home Equity36,999  228  —  156  384  37,383  111  —  
Consumer3,503   19  —  22  3,525  —  —  
          Total Loans$1,443,445  $383  $666  $3,832  $4,881  $1,448,326  $13,455  $—  
December 31, 2019
Commercial
     Commercial Business$537,602  $3,189  $47  $44  $3,280  $540,882  $2,848  $—  
     Commercial Real Estate411,070  522  178  —  700  411,770  295  —  
     Acquisition & Development110,717  180  —  279  459  111,176  390  —  
     SBA Paycheck Protection Program—  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  
          Total Commercial1,059,389  3,891  225  323  4,439  1,063,828  3,533  —  
Residential267,515  3,003  549  537  4,089  271,604  1,461  —  
Home Equity34,382  545  84  95  724  35,106  95  —  
Consumer3,610   58  28  87  3,697  34  —  
          Total Loans$1,364,896  $7,440  $916  $983  $9,339  $1,374,235  $5,123  $—  

Troubled Debt Restructurings

The restructuring of a loan is considered a troubled debt restructuring (“TDR”) if both (i) the borrower is experiencing financial difficulties and (ii) the creditor has granted a concession. Concessions may include interest rate reductions or below market interest rates, principal forgiveness, restructuring amortization schedules and other actions intended to minimize potential losses. At June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, the Bank had specific reserve allocations for TDR’s of $1.2 million and $527 thousand, respectively.

Loans considered to be troubled debt restructured loans totaled $13.9 million and $7.7 million as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. Of these totals, $4.3 million and $4.4 million, respectively, represent accruing troubled debt restructured loans and represent 24% and 46%, respectively of total impaired loans. Meanwhile, as of June 30, 2020, $3.0 million represent four loans to two borrowers that have defaulted under the restructured terms. The largest of these loans, at $2.3 million, is a commercial loan and the other three of these loans, totaling $657 thousand, are commercial acquisition and development loans that were considered TDR’s due to extended interest only periods and/or unsatisfactory repayment structures once transitioned to principal and interest payments. These borrowers have experienced continued financial difficulty and are considered non-performing loans as of June 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.

Three commercial loans to one borrower totaling $6.1 million were classified as TDR’s in the three months ended June 30, 2020. Upon the identification of financial difficulties on the part of the borrowers, the loans were modified to allow for extended interest-only payments. Meanwhile, one mortgage loan with a balance of $87 thousand was classified as a TDR as a result of extended repayment terms. These loans have paid as agreed under their modified terms.

During the quarter ended June 30, 2020, no restructured loan defaulted under their modified terms that were not already classified as non-performing for having previously defaulted under their modified terms.
Two unrelated commercial loans totaling $336 thousand were classified as TDR’s during the six months ended June 30, 2019. Upon the identification of financial difficulties on the part of the borrowers, these loans were modified to lower loan payments by lengthening the amortization period beyond what is typical for a commercial loan of this type. These loans have paid as agreed since they were renewed under modified terms.
New TDR's 1
Six Months Ended June 30, 2020Three Months Ended June 30, 2020
(Dollars in thousands)Number of ContractsPre-Modification Outstanding Recorded InvestmentPost-Modification Outstanding Recorded InvestmentNumber of ContractsPre-Modification Outstanding Recorded InvestmentPost-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
Commercial
     Commercial Business $6,237  $6,232   $6,083  $6,083  
     Commercial Real Estate 159  159  —  —  —  
     Acquisition & Development—  —  —  —  —  —  
     SBA Paycheck Protection Program—  —  —  —  —  —  
          Total Commercial 6,396  6,391   6,083  6,083  
Residential 87  87   87  87  
Home Equity—  —  —  —  —  —  
Consumer—  —  —  —  —  —  
          Total 6,483  6,478   6,170  6,170  

Six Months Ended June 30, 2019Three Months Ended June 30, 2019
(Dollars in thousands)Number of ContractsPre-Modification Outstanding Recorded InvestmentPost-Modification Outstanding Recorded InvestmentNumber of ContractsPre-Modification Outstanding Recorded InvestmentPost-Modification Outstanding Recorded Investment
Commercial
     Commercial Business $336  $333   $68  $68  
     Commercial Real Estate—  —  —  —  —  —  
     Acquisition & Development—  —  —  —  —  —  
     SBA Paycheck Protection Program—  —  —  —  —  —  
          Total Commercial 336  333   68  68  
Residential—  —  —  —  —  —  
Home Equity—  —  —  —  —  —  
Consumer—  —  —  —  —  —  
          Total $336  $333   $68  $68  
1 The pre-modification and post-modification balances represent the balances outstanding immediately before and after modification of the loan.

Purchased Credit Impaired Loans

As a result of the FDIC-assisted acquisition of First State on April 3, 2020, the Company has purchased loans, for which there was, at acquisition, evidence of deterioration of credit quality since origination and it was probable, at acquisition, that all contractually required payments would not be collected. The Company did not hold any purchased credit impaired loans as of June 30, 2019 or December 31, 2019.
The carrying amount of the purchased credit impaired loan portfolio is as follows:
(Dollars in thousands)As of June 30, 2020
Commercial$20,904  
Residential25,928  
Home Equity—  
Consumer1,603  
Outstanding balance$48,435  
Carrying amount, net of allowance$48,262  

Accretable yield, or income expected to be collected, is as follows:
(Dollars in thousands)As of June 30, 2020
Beginning balance$—  
New loans purchased11,746  
Accretion of income(959) 
Reclassification from non-accretable difference545  
Disposals—  
Ending balance$11,332  

For the purchased credit impaired loan portfolio disclosed above, the Company increased the allowance for loan losses by $173 thousand during the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2020. No allowances for loan losses were reversed during the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2020.

Purchased credit impaired loans purchased during the three and six month periods ended June 30, 2020, for which it was probable at acquisition that all contractually required payments would not be collected are as follows:
(Dollars in thousands)As of June 30, 2020
Contractually required payments receivable of loans purchased during the period:
Commercial$36,046  
Residential47,787  
Home Equity—  
Consumer2,990  
Cash flows expected to be collected at acquisition$86,823  
Fair value of loans acquired at acquisition$50,235  

Income is not recognized on purchased credit impaired loans if the Company cannot reasonably estimate cash flows expected to be collected and, as of June 30, 2020, the Company held no such loans.
The following tables summarize the primary segments of the ALL, segregated into the amount required for loans individually evaluated for impairment and the amount required for loans collectively evaluated for impairment as of June 30, 2020 for the purchased credit impaired loan portfolio:
(Dollars in thousands)CommercialResidentialHome EquityConsumerTotal
December 31, 2019$—  $—  $—  $—  $—  
     Charge-offs—  —  —  —  —  
     Recoveries—  —  —  —  —  
     Provision 121  52  —  —  173  
ALL balance at June 30, 2020$121  $52  $—  $—  $173  
Individually evaluated for impairment$—  $—  $—  $—  $—  
Collectively evaluated for impairment$121  $52  $—  $—  173  

(Dollars in thousands)CommercialResidentialHome EquityConsumerTotal
ALL balance at March 31, 2020$—  $—  $—  $—  $—  
     Charge-offs—  —  —  —  —  
     Recoveries—  —  —  —  —  
     Provision 121  52  —  —  173  
ALL balance at June 30, 2020$121  $52  $—  $—  $173  

The following table summarizes the primary segments of the Company's purchased credit impaired loan portfolio as of June 30, 2020:
(Dollars in thousands)CommercialResidentialHome EquityConsumerTotal
     Individually evaluated for impairment$—  $—  $—  $—  $—  
     Collectively evaluated for impairment19,799  27,033  —  1,603  48,435  
Total Loans19,799  27,033  —  1,603  48,435  


The following table represents the classes of the purchased credit impaired loan portfolio summarized by the aggregate Pass and the criticized categories of Special Mention, Substandard and Doubtful within the internal risk rating system as of June 30, 2020:
(Dollars in thousands)PassSpecial MentionSubstandardDoubtfulTotal
June 30, 2020
Commercial
     Commercial Business$14,623  $1,425  $402  $—  $16,450  
     Commercial Real Estate1,340  —  16  —  1,356  
     Acquisition & Development1,853  —  140  —  1,993  
          Total Commercial17,816  1,425  558  —  19,799  
Residential26,013  —  1,020  —  27,033  
Home Equity—  —  —  —  —  
Consumer1,128  233  242  —  1,603  
          Total Loans$44,957  $1,658  $1,820  $—  $48,435  
The following table presents the classes of the purchased credit impaired loan portfolio summarized by aging categories of performing loans and non-accrual loans as of June 30, 2020:
(Dollars in thousands)Current30-59 Days Past Due60-89 Days Past Due90+ Days Past DueTotal Past DueTotal LoansNon-Accrual90+ Days Still Accruing
June 30, 2020
Commercial
     Commercial Business$14,615  $230  $14  $1,591  $1,835  $16,450  $448  $—  
     Commercial Real Estate1,292  48  —  16  64  1,356  64  —  
     Acquisition & Development1,668  144  41  140  325  1,993  140  —  
          Total Commercial17,575  422  55  1,747  2,224  19,799  652  —  
Residential21,263  935  568  4,267  5,770  27,033  3,496  —  
Home Equity—  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  
Consumer1,354    242  249  1,603  241  —  
          Total Loans$40,192  $1,361  $626  $6,256  $8,243  $48,435  $4,389  $—  
As the Company's purchased credit impaired loan portfolio is accounted for in pools with similar risk characteristics in accordance with ASC 310-30, this portfolio is not subject to the impaired loan and TDR guidance. Rather, the revised estimated future cash flows of the individually modified loans are included in the estimated future cash flows of the pool.