Chief Financial Officer

0000950123-14-008974.txt : 20140814 0000950123-14-008974.hdr.sgml : 20140814 20140814140814 ACCESSION NUMBER: 0000950123-14-008974 CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE: 13F-HR PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT: 2 CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT: 20140630 FILED AS OF DATE: 20140814 DATE AS OF CHANGE: 20140814 EFFECTIVENESS DATE: 20140814 FILER: COMPANY DATA: COMPANY CONFORMED NAME: CLOUGH CAPITAL PARTNERS L P CENTRAL INDEX KEY: 0001276144 IRS NUMBER: 043486480 STATE OF INCORPORATION: DE FISCAL YEAR END: 1231 FILING VALUES: FORM TYPE: 13F-HR SEC ACT: 1934 Act SEC FILE NUMBER: 028-10679 FILM NUMBER: 141041497 BUSINESS ADDRESS: STREET 1: ONE POST OFFICE SQUARE STREET 2: 40TH FLOOR CITY: BOSTON STATE: MA ZIP: 02109 BUSINESS PHONE: 6172043400 MAIL ADDRESS: STREET 1: ONE POST OFFICE SQUARE STREET 2: 40TH FLOOR CITY: BOSTON STATE: MA ZIP: 02109 13F-HR 1 primary_doc.xml 13F-HR LIVE false true false 0001276144 XXXXXXXX 06-30-2014 06-30-2014 CLOUGH CAPITAL PARTNERS L P

ONE POST OFFICE SQUARE 40TH FLOOR BOSTON MA 02109

13F HOLDINGS REPORT 028-10679 N John Ritacco Chief Financial Officer 617.204.3433 /s/ John Ritacco Boston MA 08-14-2014 3 198 3169646 false 1 028-12502 Charles I. Clough, Jr. 2 028-12503 James E. Canty 3 028-12501 Eric A. Brock INFORMATION TABLE 2 form13fInfoTable.xml INFORMATION TABLE FOR FORM 13F AEGERION PHARMACEUTICALS INC COM 00767E102 16327 508800 SH DFND 1,2,3 508800 0 0 AETNA INC NEW COM 00817Y108 8535 105263 SH DFND 1,2,3 105263 0 0 AIRMEDIA GROUP INC SPONSORED ADR 009411109 2287 1003092 SH DFND 1,2,3 1003092 0 0 AKORN INC COM 009728106 34164 1027500 SH DFND 1,2,3 1027500 0 0 ALKERMES PLC SHS G01767105 23429 465500 SH DFND 1,2,3 465500 0 0 ALLISON TRANSMISSION HLDGS I COM 01973R101 52756 1696333 SH DFND 1,2,3 1696333 0 0 AMAZON COM INC COM 023135106 24052 74056 SH DFND 1,2,3 74056 0 0 AMC ENTMT HLDGS INC CL A COM 00165C104 2621 105400 SH DFND 1,2,3 105400 0 0 AMERICAN CAP MTG INVT CORP COM 02504A104 13073 653000 SH DFND 1,2,3 653000 0 0 AMERICAN ELEC PWR INC COM 025537101 445 7975 SH DFND 1,2,3 7975 0 0 AMERICAN INTL GROUP INC COM NEW 026874784 38594 707100 SH DFND 1,2,3 707100 0 0 ANADARKO PETE CORP COM 032511107 25276 230895 SH DFND 1,2,3 230895 0 0 ARES COML REAL ESTATE CORP COM 04013V108 638 51400 SH DFND 1,2,3 51400 0 0 ASBURY AUTOMOTIVE GROUP INC COM 043436104 21526 313155 SH DFND 1,2,3 313155 0 0 ASTRAZENECA PLC SPONSORED ADR 046353108 10849 146000 SH Call DFND 1,2,3 146000 0 0 AUTONATION INC COM 05329W102 41316 692300 SH DFND 1,2,3 692300 0 0 BANK OF AMERICA CORPORATION COM 060505104 43072 2802343 SH DFND 1,2,3 2802343 0 0 BERRY PLASTICS GROUP INC COM 08579W103 23327 904128 SH DFND 1,2,3 904128 0 0 BIOGEN IDEC INC COM 09062X103 26275 83330 SH DFND 1,2,3 83330 0 0 BONA FILM GROUP LTD SPONSORED ADS 09777B107 423 68300 SH DFND 1,2,3 68300 0 0 BP PLC SPONSORED ADR 055622104 31945 605600 SH DFND 1,2,3 605600 0 0 BRISTOL MYERS SQUIBB CO COM 110122108 11482 236700 SH DFND 1,2,3 236700 0 0 CAMERON INTERNATIONAL CORP COM 13342B105 365 5394 SH DFND 1,2,3 5394 0 0 CARDIOME PHARMA CORP COM NO PAR 14159U301 2832 360721 SH DFND 1,2,3 360721 0 0 CAREFUSION CORP COM 14170T101 8710 196400 SH DFND 1,2,3 196400 0 0 CENTENE CORP DEL COM 15135B101 7409 97993 SH DFND 1,2,3 97993 0 0 CERNER CORP COM 156782104 5633 109200 SH DFND 1,2,3 109200 0 0 CHART INDS INC COM PAR $0.01 16115Q308 351 4240 SH DFND 1,2,3 4240 0 0 CHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC D CL A NEW 16117M305 39864 251700 SH DFND 1,2,3 251700 0 0 CHESAPEAKE ENERGY CORP COM 165167107 326 10500 SH DFND 1,2,3 10500 0 0 CIMAREX ENERGY CO COM 171798101 15132 105480 SH DFND 1,2,3 105480 0 0 CIRCOR INTL INC COM 17273K109 8399 108900 SH DFND 1,2,3 108900 0 0 CITIGROUP INC COM NEW 172967424 86280 1831845 SH DFND 1,2,3 1831845 0 0 CLOUD PEAK ENERGY INC COM 18911Q102 10958 594900 SH DFND 1,2,3 594900 0 0 COLONY FINL INC COM 19624R106 22224 957100 SH DFND 1,2,3 957100 0 0 COMCAST CORP NEW CL A 20030N101 30029 559400 SH DFND 1,2,3 559400 0 0 COMMUNITY HEALTH SYS INC NEW COM 203668108 25961 572200 SH DFND 1,2,3 572200 0 0 CONCHO RES INC COM 20605P101 28452 196903 SH DFND 1,2,3 196903 0 0 CONOCOPHILLIPS COM 20825C104 8479 98900 SH DFND 1,2,3 98900 0 0 CONSOL ENERGY INC COM 20854P109 567 12300 SH DFND 1,2,3 12300 0 0 CONTINENTAL RESOURCES INC COM 212015101 506 3200 SH DFND 1,2,3 3200 0 0 CONTROLADORA VUELA CIA DE AV SPON ADR RP 10 21240E105 2346 260700 SH DFND 1,2,3 260700 0 0 COVANTA HLDG CORP COM 22282E102 627 30400 SH DFND 1,2,3 30400 0 0 D R HORTON INC COM 23331A109 65262 2655100 SH DFND 1,2,3 2655100 0 0 DEERE & CO COM 244199105 743 8200 SH DFND 1,2,3 8200 0 0 DEVON ENERGY CORP NEW COM 25179M103 9671 121800 SH DFND 1,2,3 121800 0 0 DOMINION RES INC VA NEW COM 25746U109 344 4814 SH DFND 1,2,3 4814 0 0 DUKE ENERGY CORP NEW COM NEW 26441C204 1521 20500 SH DFND 1,2,3 20500 0 0 DYNAVAX TECHNOLOGIES CORP COM 268158102 4289 2680700 SH DFND 1,2,3 2680700 0 0 DYNEX CAP INC COM NEW 26817Q506 5245 592600 SH DFND 1,2,3 592600 0 0 EBAY INC COM 278642103 15018 300000 SH Call DFND 1,2,3 300000 0 0 EBAY INC COM 278642103 31633 631900 SH DFND 1,2,3 631900 0 0 EMPRESAS ICA S A DE CV SPONS ADR NEW 292448206 1596 204100 SH DFND 1,2,3 204100 0 0 ENDO INTL PLC SHS G30401106 21888 312600 SH DFND 1,2,4 312600 0 0 ENSCO PLC SHS CLASS A G3157S106 233 4200 SH DFND 1,2,3 4200 0 0 EOG RES INC COM 26875P101 10710 91644 SH DFND 1,2,3 91644 0 0 EVERTEC INC COM 30040P103 19506 804684 SH DFND 1,2,3 804684 0 0 EXXON MOBIL CORP COM 30231G102 3584 35600 SH DFND 1,2,3 35600 0 0 FIRST REP BK SAN FRANCISCO C COM 33616C100 13594 247200 SH DFND 1,2,3 247200 0 0 FLAMEL TECHNOLOGIES SA SPONSORED ADR 338488109 13283 885550 SH DFND 1,2,3 885550 0 0 FLEETCOR TECHNOLOGIES INC COM 339041105 9639 73133 SH DFND 1,2,3 73133 0 0 FLIR SYS INC COM 302445101 35744 1029200 SH DFND 1,2,3 1029200 0 0 GAFISA S A SPONS ADR 362607301 2973 971500 SH DFND 1,2,3 971500 0 0 GENWORTH FINL INC COM CL A 37247D106 26723 1535794 SH DFND 1,2,3 1535794 0 0 GOOGLE INC CL A 38259P508 24225 41434 SH DFND 1,2,3 41434 0 0 GOOGLE INC CL C 38259P706 27288 47434 SH DFND 1,2,3 47434 0 0 GRAPHIC PACKAGING HLDG CO COM 388689101 22544 1926845 SH DFND 1,2,3 1926845 0 0 GROUP 1 AUTOMOTIVE INC COM 398905109 20501 243166 SH DFND 1,2,3 243166 0 0 GRUPO FINANCIERO GALICIA S A SP ADR 10 SH B 399909100 2748 187600 SH DFND 1,2,3 187600 0 0 GULFPORT ENERGY CORP COM NEW 402635304 11079 176416 SH DFND 1,2,3 176416 0 0 HALCON RES CORP COM NEW 40537Q209 4775 655000 SH DFND 1,2,3 655000 0 0 HALLIBURTON CO COM 406216101 41910 590200 SH DFND 1,2,3 590200 0 0 HARTFORD FINL SVCS GROUP INC COM 416515104 28308 790500 SH DFND 1,2,3 790500 0 0 HATTERAS FINL CORP COM 41902R103 24933 1258600 SH DFND 1,2,3 1258600 0 0 HCA HOLDINGS INC COM 40412C101 18178 322422 SH DFND 1,2,3 322422 0 0 HEALTHWAYS INC COM 422245100 24751 1411137 SH DFND 1,2,3 1411137 0 0 HELMERICH & PAYNE INC COM 423452101 18461 159000 SH DFND 1,2,3 159000 0 0 HERCULES OFFSHORE INC COM 427093109 507 126099 SH DFND 1,2,3 126099 0 0 HESS CORP COM 42809H107 791 8000 SH DFND 1,2,3 8000 0 0 HOLLYFRONTIER CORP COM 436106108 6959 159271 SH DFND 1,2,3 159271 0 0 HOVNANIAN ENTERPRISES INC CL A 442487203 2469 479439 SH DFND 1,2,3 479439 0 0 IKANG HEALTHCARE GROUP INC SPONSORED ADR 45174L108 392 22600 SH DFND 1,2,3 22600 0 0 IMAX CORP COM 45245E109 31862 1118733 SH DFND 1,2,3 1118733 0 0 INTEROIL CORP COM 460951106 38508 602246 SH DFND 1,2,3 602246 0 0 INTREXON CORP COM 46122T102 27306 1086592 SH DFND 1,2,3 1086592 0 0 IRONWOOD PHARMACEUTICALS INC COM CL A 46333X108 21036 1372200 SH DFND 1,2,3 1372200 0 0 ISHARES MSCI EMG MKT ETF 464287234 374 8645 SH DFND 1,2,3 8645 0 0 ISHARES MSCI STH KOR ETF 464286772 1476 22695 SH DFND 1,2,3 22695 0 0 ISHARES MSCI STH AFR ETF 464286780 1719 25025 SH DFND 1,2,3 25025 0 0 ISHARES CHINA LG-CAP ETF 464287184 1325 35768 SH DFND 1,2,3 35768 0 0 ISHARES MSCI MEX CAP ETF 464286822 13406 197702 SH DFND 1,2,3 197702 0 0 ISHARES INC CORE MSCI EMKT 46434G103 960 18569 SH DFND 1,2,3 18569 0 0 ISHARES TR MSCI INDONIA ETF 46429B309 1156 43833 SH DFND 1,2,3 43833 0 0 JAPAN SMALLER CAPTLZTN FD IN COM 47109U104 179 18900 SH DFND 1,2,3 18900 0 0 JAZZ PHARMACEUTICALS PLC SHS USD G50871105 15214 103491 SH DFND 1,2,3 103491 0 0 JPMORGAN CHASE & CO COM 46625H100 24074 417800 SH DFND 1,2,3 417800 0 0 KATE SPADE & CO COM 485865109 4321 113301 SH DFND 1,2,2 113301 0 0 KB HOME COM 48666K109 7249 388064 SH DFND 1,2,3 388064 0 0 KEY ENERGY SVCS INC COM 492914106 19389 2121300 SH DFND 1,2,3 2121300 0 0 KODIAK OIL & GAS CORP COM 50015Q100 8193 563100 SH DFND 1,2,3 563100 0 0 LADDER CAP CORP CL A 505743104 9749 539500 SH DFND 1,2,3 539500 0 0 LENNAR CORP CL A 526057104 61471 1464300 SH DFND 1,2,3 1464300 0 0 LIBERTY INTERACTIVE CORP INT COM SER A 53071M104 26852 914586 SH DFND 1,2,3 914586 0 0 LIBERTY INTERACTIVE CORP LBT VENT COM A 53071M880 70734 958461 SH DFND 1,2,3 958461 0 0 LIBERTY MEDIA CORP DELAWARE CL A 531229102 54342 397587 SH DFND 1,2,3 397587 0 0 LIFEPOINT HOSPITALS INC COM 53219L109 13286 213942 SH DFND 1,2,3 213942 0 0 LIONS GATE ENTMNT CORP COM NEW 535919203 6994 244700 SH DFND 1,2,3 244700 0 0 LITHIA MTRS INC CL A 536797103 21805 231800 SH DFND 1,2,3 231800 0 0 LYON WILLIAM HOMES CL A NEW 552074700 10885 357600 SH DFND 1,2,3 357600 0 0 MARATHON PETE CORP COM 56585A102 10813 138500 SH DFND 1,2,3 138500 0 0 MARKET VECTORS ETF TR RUSSIA ETF 57060U506 550 20901 SH DFND 1,2,3 20901 0 0 MARKET VECTORS ETF TR GOLD MINER ETF 57060U100 759 28700 SH DFND 1,2,3 28700 0 0 MARKET VECTORS ETF TR INDONESIA ETF 57060U753 1265 51312 SH DFND 1,2,3 51312 0 0 MEDICINES CO COM 584688105 23603 812200 SH DFND 1,2,3 812200 0 0 MEDIVATION INC COM 58501N101 10668 138400 SH DFND 1,2,3 138400 0 0 MFA FINL INC COM 55272X102 21469 2614956 SH DFND 1,2,3 2614956 0 0 MGIC INVT CORP WIS COM 552848103 22535 2438801 SH DFND 1,2,3 2438801 0 0 MORGAN STANLEY COM NEW 617446448 62523 1933910 SH DFND 1,2,3 1933910 0 0 MORGAN STANLEY CHINA A SH FD COM 617468103 5187 236327 SH DFND 1,2,3 236327 0 0 MURPHY OIL CORP COM 626717102 13422 201900 SH DFND 1,2,3 201900 0 0 NABORS INDUSTRIES LTD SHS G6359F103 18609 633600 SH DFND 1,2,3 633600 0 0 NATIONAL BK GREECE S A SPN ADR REP 1 SH 633643705 5178 1407021 SH DFND 1,2,3 1407021 0 0 NATIONAL CINEMEDIA INC COM 635309107 3558 203212 SH DFND 1,2,3 203212 0 0 NMI HLDGS INC CL A 629209305 3980 379000 SH DFND 1,2,3 379000 0 0 NOBLE ENERGY INC COM 655044105 23703 306000 SH DFND 1,2,3 306000 0 0 NQ MOBILE INC ADR REPSTG CL A 64118U108 2988 486577 SH DFND 1,2,3 486577 0 0 NXP SEMICONDUCTORS N V COM N6596X109 36573 552636 SH DFND 1,2,3 552636 0 0 NXSTAGE MEDICAL INC COM 67072V103 2956 205716 SH DFND 1,2,3 205716 0 0 OCCIDENTAL PETE CORP DEL COM 674599105 28234 275100 SH DFND 1,2,3 275100 0 0 OCEANEERING INTL INC COM 675232102 656 8400 SH DFND 1,2,3 8400 0 0 ORIENT-EXPRESS HOTELS LTD CL A G67743107 18353 1262263 SH DFND 1,2,3 1262263 0 0 PACIFIC COAST OIL TR UNIT BEN INT 694103102 1251 95800 SH DFND 1,2,3 95800 0 0 PACIFIC ETHANOL INC COM PAR $.001 69423U305 5122 335000 SH DFND 1,2,3 335000 0 0 PANDORA MEDIA INC COM 698354107 1475 50000 SH Call DFND 1,2,3 50000 0 0 PANDORA MEDIA INC COM 698354107 7921 268500 SH DFND 1,2,3 268500 0 0 PAPA MURPHYS HLDGS INC COM 698814100 2774 289556 SH DFND 1,2,3 289556 0 0 PATTERSON UTI ENERGY INC COM 703481101 20859 597000 SH DFND 1,2,3 597000 0 0 PENN VA CORP COM 707882106 14087 831100 SH DFND 1,2,3 831100 0 0 PENNYMAC MTG INVT TR COM 70931T103 15923 725745 SH DFND 1,2,3 725745 0 0 PENSKE AUTOMOTIVE GRP INC COM 70959W103 23963 484106 SH DFND 1,2,3 484106 0 0 PERRIGO CO PLC SHS G97822103 15947 109404 SH DFND 1,2,3 109404 0 0 PHILIPPINE LONG DISTANCE TEL SPONSORED ADR 718252604 330 4900 SH DFND 1,2,3 4900 0 0 PHILLIPS 66 COM 718546104 17453 217000 SH DFND 1,2,3 217000 0 0 PIONEER NAT RES CO COM 723787107 664 2888 SH DFND 1,2,3 2888 0 0 POWERSHS DB US DOLLAR INDEX DOLL INDX BULL 73936D107 1546 72700 SH DFND 1,2,3 72700 0 0 PRESTIGE BRANDS HLDGS INC COM 74112D101 12013 354463 SH DFND 1,2,3 354463 0 0 PROGRESSIVE WASTE SOLUTIONS COM 74339G101 4141 161300 SH DFND 1,2,3 161300 0 0 PROTHENA CORP PLC SHS G72800108 2386 105800 SH DFND 1,2,3 105800 0 0 PULTE GROUP INC COM 745867101 45138 2238977 SH DFND 1,2,3 2238977 0 0 RANGE RES CORP COM 75281A109 452 5200 SH DFND 1,2,3 5200 0 0 RESTORATION HARDWARE HLDGS I COM 761283100 8731 93836 SH DFND 1,2,3 93836 0 0 RF MICRODEVICES INC COM 749941100 17096 1782700 SH DFND 1,2,3 1782700 0 0 ROLLINS INC COM 775711104 6672 222400 SH DFND 1,2,3 222400 0 0 SALIX PHARMACEUTICALS INC COM 795435106 16480 133600 SH DFND 1,2,3 133600 0 0 SANCHEZ ENERGY CORP COM 79970Y105 14160 376700 SH DFND 1,2,3 376700 0 0 SANOFI SPONSORED ADR 80105N105 11261 211800 SH DFND 1,2,3 211800 0 0 SCHLUMBERGER LTD COM 806857108 19839 168196 SH DFND 1,2,3 168196 0 0 SCORPIO BULKERS INC SHS Y7546A106 8385 942100 SH DFND 1,2,3 942100 0 0 SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY PLC SHS G7945M107 58013 1021000 SH DFND 1,2,3 1021000 0 0 SELECT INCOME REIT COM SH BEN INT 81618T100 3705 125000 SH DFND 1,2,3 125000 0 0 SERVICE CORP INTL COM 817565104 26345 1271500 SH DFND 1,2,3 1271500 0 0 SHIRE PLC SPONSORED ADR 82481R106 14742 62600 SH DFND 1,2,3 62600 0 0 SIGNET JEWELERS LIMITED SHS G81276100 40277 364200 SH DFND 1,2,3 364200 0 0 SOUTHWESTERN ENERGY CO COM 845467109 13579 298500 SH DFND 1,2,3 298500 0 0 SPDR GOLD TRUST GOLD SHS 78463V107 17130 133790 SH DFND 1,2,3 133790 0 0 SPRINGLEAF HLDGS INC COM 85172J101 5722 220500 SH DFND 1,2,3 220500 0 0 STONE ENERGY CORP COM 861642106 42925 917400 SH DFND 1,2,3 917400 0 0 STONEGATE MTG CORP COM 86181Q300 1550 111111 SH DFND 1,2,3 111111 0 0 SUNTRUST BKS INC COM 867914103 23924 597200 SH DFND 1,2,3 597200 0 0 SUPERIOR ENERGY SVCS INC COM 868157108 32105 888360 SH DFND 1,2,3 888360 0 0 TAIWAN SEMICONDUCTOR MFG LTD SPONSORED ADR 874039100 3837 179400 SH DFND 1,2,3 179400 0 0 TAMINCO CORP COM 87509U106 17931 770900 SH DFND 1,2,3 770900 0 0 TEAM HEALTH HOLDINGS INC COM 87817A107 14875 297859 SH DFND 1,2,3 297859 0 0 TESORO CORP COM 881609101 6002 102300 SH DFND 1,2,3 102300 0 0 THERAPEUTICSMD INC COM 88338N107 2959 669362 SH DFND 1,2,3 669362 0 0 TIDEWATER INC COM 886423102 598 10650 SH DFND 1,2,3 10650 0 0 TOLL BROTHERS INC COM 889478103 36594 991700 SH DFND 1,2,3 991700 0 0 TRI POINTE HOMES INC COM 87265H109 1474 93765 SH DFND 1,2,3 93765 0 0 TWENTY FIRST CENTY FOX INC CL B 90130A200 1061 31000 SH DFND 1,2,3 31000 0 0 TWO HBRS INVT CORP COM 90187B101 29658 2830000 SH DFND 1,2,3 2830000 0 0 UNITEDHEALTH GROUP INC COM 91324P102 16301 199400 SH DFND 1,2,3 199400 0 0 UNIVERSAL AMERN CORP NEW COM 91338E101 9275 1113419 SH DFND 1,2,3 1113419 0 0 UNIVERSAL HLTH SVCS INC CL B 913903100 8599 89800 SH DFND 1,2,3 89800 0 0 VALERO ENERGY CORP NEW COM 91913Y100 20636 411900 SH DFND 1,2,3 411900 0 0 VERACYTE INC COM 92337F107 6800 397200 SH DFND 1,2,3 397200 0 0 VIASAT INC COM 92552V100 42725 737152 SH DFND 1,2,3 737152 0 0 VISTAPRINT N V SHS N93540107 9994 247000 SH DFND 1,2,3 247000 0 0 WEATHERFORD INTERNATIONAL LT REG SHS H27013103 778 33840 SH DFND 1,2,3 33840 0 0 WELLPOINT INC COM 94973V107 21106 196130 SH DFND 1,2,3 196130 0 0 WELLS FARGO & CO NEW COM 949746101 5482 104300 SH DFND 1,2,3 104300 0 0 WESCO AIRCRAFT HLDGS INC COM 950814103 16152 809236 SH DFND 1,2,3 809236 0 0 WESTERN DIGITAL CORP COM 958102105 47765 517500 SH DFND 1,2,3 517500 0 0 WESTERN UN CO COM 959802109 67551 3895647 SH DFND 1,2,3 3895647 0 0 WHITING PETE CORP NEW COM 966387102 4695 58500 SH DFND 1,2,3 58500 0 0 WISDOMTREE TR INDIA ERNGS FD 97717W422 822 36562 SH DFND 1,2,3 36562 0 0 WORLD WRESTLING ENTMT INC CL A 98156Q108 2038 170800 SH DFND 1,2,3 170800 0 0 WYNDHAM WORLDWIDE CORP COM 98310W108 50589 668100 SH DFND 1,2,3 668100 0 0 YPF SOCIEDAD ANONIMA SPON ADR CL D 984245100 3938 120500 SH DFND 1,2,3 120500 0 0