On November 7, 2018, the Company announced that it was implementing a reduction in headcount as part of a corporate restructuring. The corporate restructuring followed a comprehensive review of the Company’s drug candidate pipeline. Under this corporate restructuring, the Company recognized total restructuring expenses of $1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2018 consisting of one-time employee termination benefits of $1.0 million recorded in research and development expense and $0.3 million recorded in general and administrative expense. These one-time employee termination benefits are comprised of severance, benefits and related costs, all of which are expected to result in cash expenditures. Approximately $0.4 million of these payments were made during the fourth quarter of 2018, and the accrued remaining payments at December 31, 2018 were approximately $0.9 million.

During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company recognized additional restructuring expenses of $4.6 million and $4.9 million, respectively, consisting of one-time employee termination benefits of $1.8 million and $2.0 million, respectively, recorded in research and development expense and $2.8 million and $2.9 million, respectively, recorded in general and administrative expense. These one-time employee termination benefits are comprised of severance, benefits and related costs, all of which are expected to result in cash expenditures. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2019, the Company paid approximately $3.8 million and $4.8 million of these restructuring expenses, respectively. The remaining payments of approximately $1.1 million are expected to be paid during the three months ended September 30, 2019.

As a result of the restructuring announced on January 8, 2017, the Company paid $0.2 million and $0.6 million, respectively, in restructuring expense for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018. There were no restructuring expenses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2018.

The following table summarizes the charges related to the restructuring activities as of June 30, 2019 and 2018:

(in thousands)

Accrued

Restructuring

Expenses at

December 31, 2018

Expenses

Less:

Payments

Accrued

Restructuring

Expenses at

June 30, 2019

Severance, benefits and related costs due to workforce

reduction

921

4,890

(4,755

)

1,056

Totals

921

4,890

(4,755

)

1,056


(in thousands)	Accrued Restructuring Expenses at December 31, 2017		Expenses		Less: Payments			Accrued Restructuring Expenses at June 30, 2018
Severance, benefits and related costs due to workforce reduction	$	628	$	—	$	(628	)	$	—
Totals	$	628	$	—	$	(628	)	$	—