4. Net Loss Per Common Share

Basic net income (loss) per share is calculated by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc. by the weighted-average number of common shares outstanding during the period.

Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, Inc. by the weighted-average number of dilutive common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive shares outstanding is calculated by adding to the weighted shares outstanding any potential (unissued) shares of common stock from outstanding stock options based on the treasury stock method. In a period when a net loss is reported, all common stock equivalents are excluded from the calculation because they would have an anti-dilutive effect, meaning the loss per share would be reduced. Therefore, in periods where a loss is reported, there is no difference in basic and dilutive loss per share.

The Company follows the two-class method when computing net income (loss) per share, when it has issued shares that meet the definition participating securities. The two-class method determines net income (loss) per share for each class of common and participating securities according to dividends declared or accumulated and participating rights in undistributed earnings. The two-class method requires income available to common stockholders for the period to be allocated between common and participating securities based on their respective rights to receive dividends, as if all income for the period has been distributed or losses to be allocated if they are contractually required to fund losses. There were no amounts allocated to participating securities for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, as the Company was in a loss position and had no shares that met the definition of participating securities outstanding as of December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014.

As discussed in Note 11, “Borrowings,” in July 2013, the Company issued $125.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.50% convertible notes due 2020 (the “Convertible Notes”) in an underwritten public offering. Following the repayment and satisfaction in full of the Company’s obligations to Hercules Technology Growth Capital, Inc. (“Hercules”) under its Loan and Security Agreement with Hercules (the “Loan Agreement”), which occurred in December 2015, upon any conversion of the Convertible Notes, the Convertible Notes may be settled, at the Company’s election, in cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination of cash and shares of the Company’s common stock. For purposes of calculating the maximum dilutive impact, it is presumed that the conversion premium will be settled in common stock, inclusive of a contractual make-whole provision resulting from a fundamental change, and the resulting potential common shares included in diluted earnings per share if the effect is more dilutive. As of December 31, 2016, $60.8 million aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes remain outstanding.

The stock options, warrants and conversion premium on the Convertible Notes are excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share because the net loss for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 causes such securities to be anti-dilutive. Securities excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share are shown in the chart below:

	Years Ended December 31,
(in thousands)	2016		2015		2014
Common stock warrants		—		—		238
Outstanding options to purchase common stock		1,903		1,921		1,957
Conversion of the Convertible Notes		1,216		2,500		2,500