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Fair Value Measurement
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2019
Fair Value Disclosures [Abstract]  
Fair Value Measurement
Fair Value Measurement
 
The Company carries a portion of its assets and liabilities at fair value. Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (i.e., exit price). The price represents the price available in the principal market for the asset or liability. If there is no principal market, then the price is based on a hypothetical market that maximizes the value received for an asset or minimizes the amount paid for a liability (i.e., the most advantageous market).
 
Fair value is based on quoted market prices, where available. If listed prices or quotes are not available, fair value is based on either internally developed models that primarily use, as inputs, market-based or independently sourced market parameters, including but not limited to yield curves, interest rates and debt prices or with the assistance of an independent third party using a discounted cash flow approach and the third party’s proprietary pricing models. In addition to market
information, models also incorporate transaction details, such as maturity of the instrument and contractual features designed to reduce the Company’s credit exposure, such as collateral rights as applicable.

Valuation adjustments may be made to ensure that financial instruments are recorded at fair value. These adjustments include amounts to reflect counterparty credit quality, the Company’s creditworthiness and constraints on liquidity. As markets and products develop and the pricing for certain products becomes more or less transparent, the Company may refine its methodologies and assumptions. During Nine Months 2019, no changes were made to the Company’s valuation models that had, or are expected to have, a material impact on the Company’s condensed consolidated balance sheets or statements of operations and comprehensive income.
 
The Company’s methods for calculating fair value produce a fair value that may not be indicative of net realizable value or reflective of future fair values. The use of different methodologies or assumptions to determine fair value of certain financial instruments could result in a different estimate of fair value at the reporting date.
 
The categorization within the fair value hierarchy is determined based on whether the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value are observable or unobservable. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from independent sources, while unobservable inputs reflect Company estimates of market assumptions. The fair value hierarchy prioritizes model inputs into three broad levels as follows, with Level 1 being the highest and Level 3 the lowest. An asset's or liability’s categorization is based on the lowest level of significant input to its valuation.

Level 1—Quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets. The Company generally defines an active market as a market in which trading occurs at significant volumes. Active markets generally are more liquid and have a lower bid-ask spread than an inactive market.
 
Level 2—Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and observable inputs other than quoted prices, such as interest rates or yield curves and other inputs derived from or corroborated by observable market inputs.
 
Level 3—Model derived valuations in which one or more significant inputs or significant value drivers are unobservable. Financial instruments are considered Level 3 when their values are determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies or similar techniques and at least one significant model assumption or input is unobservable. Level 3 financial instruments also include those for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation.
 
There was a transfer of a fixed-maturity security from Level 2 into Level 3 during Nine Months 2019. There were no other transfers into or from Level 3 during the periods presented.
 
Carried at Fair Value
 
Fixed-Maturity Securities and Short-Term Investments
 
The fair value of bonds in the investment portfolio is generally based on prices received from third-party pricing services or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency. The pricing services prepare estimates of fair value using their pricing models, which take into account: benchmark yields, reported trades, broker/dealer quotes, issuer spreads, two-sided markets, benchmark securities, bids, offers, reference data, industry and economic events, and sector groupings. Additional valuation factors that can be taken into account are nominal spreads and liquidity adjustments. The pricing services evaluate each asset class based on relevant market and credit information, perceived market movements, and sector news.

Benchmark yields have in many cases taken priority over reported trades for securities that trade less frequently or those that are distressed trades, and therefore may not be indicative of the market. The extent of the use of each input is dependent on the asset class and the market conditions. The valuation of fixed-maturity investments is more subjective when markets are less liquid due to the lack of market based inputs.
    
Short-term investments that are traded in active markets are classified within Level 1 in the fair value hierarchy and their value is based on quoted market prices. Securities such as discount notes are classified within Level 2 because these securities are typically not actively traded due to their approaching maturity and, as such, their cost approximates fair value.
 
As of September 30, 2019, the Company used models to price 133 securities, including securities that were purchased or obtained for loss mitigation or other risk management purposes, with a Level 3 fair value of $1,135 million. Most Level 3 securities were priced with the assistance of an independent third party. The pricing is based on a discounted cash flow approach using the third party’s proprietary pricing models. The models use inputs such as projected prepayment speeds; severity assumptions; recovery lag assumptions; estimated default rates (determined on the basis of an analysis of collateral attributes, historical collateral performance, borrower profiles and other features relevant to the evaluation of collateral credit quality); home price appreciation/depreciation rates based on macroeconomic forecasts and recent trading activity. The yield used to discount the projected cash flows is determined by reviewing various attributes of the security including collateral type, weighted average life, sensitivity to losses, vintage, and convexity, in conjunction with market data on comparable securities. Significant changes to any of these inputs could have materially changed the expected timing of cash flows within these securities which is a significant factor in determining the fair value of the securities.
 
Other Assets
 
Committed Capital Securities (CCS)

Each of AGC and AGM have entered into put agreements with four separate custodial trusts allowing each of AGC and AGM, respectively, to issue an aggregate of $200 million of non-cumulative redeemable perpetual preferred securities to the trusts in exchange for cash. Each custodial trust was created for the primary purpose of issuing $50 million face amount of CCS, investing the proceeds in high-quality assets and entering into put options with AGC or AGM, as applicable. Fair value losses on CCS recorded in other income were $14 million and $4 million in Third Quarter 2019 and Nine Months 2019, respectively, and fair value losses were $1 million and $3 million in Third Quarter 2018 and Nine Months 2018, respectively.

The fair value of CCS represents the difference between the present value of remaining expected put option premium payments under AGC CCS and AGM’s Committed Preferred Trust Securities (the AGM CPS) agreements, and the estimated present value that the Company would hypothetically have to pay currently for a comparable security. The change in fair value of the AGC CCS and AGM CPS are recorded in other income in the condensed consolidated statement of operations. The estimated current cost of the Company’s CCS is based on several factors, including AGM's and AGC's CDS spreads, LIBOR curve projections, the Company's publicly traded debt and the term the securities are estimated to remain outstanding. The AGC CCS and AGM CPS are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.

Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan (SERP)

The fair value of the Company's various SERP assets are based on either (i) the observable published daily values of the underlying mutual fund included in the plans (Level 1) or (ii) the net asset value of the funds if a published daily value is not available (Level 2). The net asset value's are based on observable information. Change in fair value of SERP assets is recorded in other operating expenses in the condensed consolidated statement of operations.
 
Contracts Accounted for as Credit Derivatives
 
The Company’s credit derivatives primarily consist of insured CDS contracts, and also include interest rate swaps that qualify as derivatives under GAAP, which requires fair value measurement with changes recorded in the statement of operations. The Company did not enter into CDS with the intent to trade these contracts and the Company may not unilaterally terminate a CDS contract absent an event of default or termination event that entitles the Company to terminate such contracts; however, the Company has mutually agreed with various counterparties to terminate certain CDS transactions. In transactions where the counterparty does not have the right to terminate, such transactions are generally terminated for an amount that approximates the present value of future premiums or for a negotiated amount, rather than at fair value.
 
The terms of the Company’s CDS contracts differ from more standardized credit derivative contracts sold by companies outside the financial guaranty industry. The non-standard terms generally include the absence of collateral support agreements or immediate settlement provisions. In addition, the Company employs relatively high attachment points and does not exit derivatives it sells, except under specific circumstances such as mutual agreements with counterparties. Management considers the non-standard terms of the Company's credit derivative contracts in determining the fair value of these contracts.
 
Due to the lack of quoted prices and other observable inputs for its instruments or for similar instruments, the Company determines the fair value of its credit derivative contracts primarily through internally developed, proprietary models that use both observable and unobservable market data inputs. There is no established market where financial guaranty insured credit derivatives are actively traded; therefore, management has determined that the exit market for the Company’s credit derivatives is a hypothetical one based on its entry market. Management has tracked the historical pricing of the Company’s
transactions to establish historical price points in the hypothetical market that are used in the fair value calculation. These contracts are classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy as there are multiple unobservable inputs deemed significant to the valuation model, most importantly the Company’s estimate of the value of the non-standard terms and conditions of its credit derivative contracts and how the Company’s own credit spread affects the pricing of its transactions.

The fair value of the Company’s credit derivative contracts represents the difference between the present value of remaining premiums the Company expects to receive or pay and the estimated present value of premiums that a financial guarantor of comparable credit-worthiness would hypothetically charge or pay at the reporting date for the same protection. The fair value of the Company’s credit derivatives depends on a number of factors, including notional amount of the contract, expected term, credit spreads, changes in interest rates, the credit ratings of referenced entities, the Company’s own credit risk and remaining contractual cash flows. The expected remaining contractual premium cash flows are the most readily observable inputs since they are based on the CDS contractual terms. Credit spreads capture the effect of recovery rates and performance of underlying assets of these contracts, among other factors. Consistent with previous years, market conditions at September 30, 2019 were such that market prices of the Company’s CDS contracts were not available.

Assumptions and Inputs

The various inputs and assumptions that are key to the establishment of the Company’s fair value for CDS contracts are as follows: the gross spread, the allocation of gross spread among the bank profit, net spread and hedge cost, and the weighted average life which is based on debt service schedules. The Company obtains gross spreads on its outstanding contracts from market data sources published by third parties (e.g., dealer spread tables for the collateral similar to assets within the Company’s transactions), as well as collateral-specific spreads provided or obtained from market sources. The bank profit represents the profit the originator, usually an investment bank, realizes for structuring and funding the transaction; the net spread represents the premiums paid to the Company for the Company’s credit protection provided; and the hedge cost represents the cost of CDS protection purchased by the originator to hedge its counterparty credit risk exposure to the Company.

With respect to CDS transactions for which there is an expected claim payment within the next twelve months, the allocation of gross spread reflects a higher allocation to the cost of credit rather than the bank profit component. It is assumed that a bank would be willing to accept a lower profit on distressed transactions in order to remove these transactions from its financial statements.

Market sources determine credit spreads by reviewing new issuance pricing for specific asset classes and receiving price quotes from their trading desks for the specific asset in question. Management validates these quotes by cross-referencing quotes received from one market source against quotes received from another market source to ensure reasonableness. In addition, the Company compares the relative change in price quotes received from one quarter to another, with the relative change experienced by published market indices for a specific asset class. Collateral specific spreads obtained from third-party, independent market sources are un-published spread quotes from market participants or market traders who are not trustees. Management obtains this information as the result of direct communication with these sources as part of the valuation process. The following spread hierarchy is utilized in determining which source of gross spread to use.

Actual collateral specific credit spreads (if up-to-date and reliable market-based spreads are available).

Transactions priced or closed during a specific quarter within a specific asset class and specific rating.

Credit spreads interpolated based upon market indices adjusted to reflect the non-standard terms of the Company's CDS contracts.

Credit spreads extrapolated based upon transactions of similar asset classes, similar ratings, and similar time to maturity.
 
The rates used to discount future expected premium cash flows ranged from 1.50% to 2.13% at September 30, 2019 and 2.47% to 2.89% at December 31, 2018.

The premium the Company receives is referred to as the “net spread.” The Company’s pricing model takes into account not only how credit spreads on risks that it assumes affect pricing, but also how the Company’s own credit spread affects the pricing of its transactions. The Company’s own credit risk is factored into the determination of net spread based on the impact of changes in the quoted market price for credit protection bought on the Company, as reflected by quoted market prices on CDS referencing AGC. For credit spreads on the Company’s name the Company obtains the quoted price of CDS
contracts traded on AGC from market data sources published by third parties. The cost to acquire CDS protection referencing AGC affects the amount of spread on CDS transactions that the Company retains and, hence, their fair value. As the cost to acquire CDS protection referencing AGC increases, the amount of premium the Company retains on a transaction generally decreases. Due to the relatively low volume and characteristics of CDS contracts remaining in AGM's portfolio, changes in AGM's credit spreads do not significantly affect the fair value of these CDS contracts.

In the Company’s valuation model, the premium the Company captures is not permitted to go below the minimum rate that the Company would currently charge to assume similar risks. This assumption can have the effect of mitigating the amount of unrealized gains that are recognized on certain CDS contracts. Given the current market conditions and the Company’s own credit spreads, approximately 17%, based on fair value, of the Company's CDS contracts were fair valued using this minimum premium as of December 31, 2018. As of September 30, 2019, the corresponding number was de minimis. The percentage of transactions that price using the minimum premiums fluctuates due to changes in AGC's credit spreads. In general, when AGC's credit spreads narrow, the cost to hedge AGC's name declines and more transactions price above previously established floor levels. Meanwhile, when AGC's credit spreads widen, the cost to hedge AGC's name increases causing more transactions to price at previously established floor levels. The Company corroborates the assumptions in its fair value model, including the portion of exposure to AGC hedged by its counterparties, with independent third parties periodically. The implied credit risk of AGC, indicated by the trading level of AGC’s own credit spread, is a significant factor in the amount of exposure to AGC that a bank or transaction hedges. When AGC's credit spreads widen, the hedging cost of a bank or originator increases. Higher hedging costs reduce the amount of contractual cash flows AGC can capture as premium for selling its protection, while lower hedging costs increase the amount of contractual cash flows AGC can capture.

The amount of premium a financial guaranty insurance market participant can demand is inversely related to the cost of credit protection on the insurance company as measured by market credit spreads assuming all other assumptions remain constant. This is because the buyers of credit protection typically hedge a portion of their risk to the financial guarantor, due to the fact that the contractual terms of the Company's contracts typically do not require the posting of collateral by the guarantor. The extent of the hedge depends on the types of instruments insured and the current market conditions.
 
A credit derivative liability on protection sold is the result of contractual cash inflows on in-force transactions that are less than what a hypothetical financial guarantor could receive if it sold protection on the same risk as of the reporting date. If the Company were able to freely exchange these contracts (i.e., assuming its contracts did not contain proscriptions on transfer and there was a viable exchange market), it would realize a loss representing the difference between the lower contractual premiums to which it is entitled and the current market premiums for a similar contract. The Company determines the fair value of its CDS contracts by applying the difference between the current net spread and the contractual net spread for the remaining duration of each contract to the notional value of its CDS contracts and taking the present value of such amounts discounted at the LIBOR corresponding to the weighted average remaining life of the contract.
 
Strengths and Weaknesses of Model
 
The Company’s credit derivative valuation model, like any financial model, has certain strengths and weaknesses.
 
The primary strengths of the Company’s CDS modeling techniques are:
 
The model takes into account the transaction structure and the key drivers of market value.

The model maximizes the use of market-driven inputs whenever they are available.

The model is a consistent approach to valuing positions.
 
The primary weaknesses of the Company’s CDS modeling techniques are:
 
There is no exit market or any actual exit transactions; therefore, the Company’s exit market is a hypothetical one based on the Company’s entry market.

There is a very limited market in which to validate the reasonableness of the fair values developed by the Company’s model.

The markets for the inputs to the model are highly illiquid, which impacts their reliability.

Due to the non-standard terms under which the Company enters into derivative contracts, the fair value of its credit derivatives may not reflect the same prices observed in an actively traded market of credit derivatives that do not contain terms and conditions similar to those observed in the financial guaranty market.

Fair Value Option on FG VIEs’ Assets and Liabilities

The Company elected the fair value option for all the FG VIEs’ assets and liabilities and classifies them as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy. The prices are generally determined with the assistance of an independent third party, based on a discounted cash flow approach. The net change in the fair value of consolidated FG VIEs’ assets and liabilities is recorded in "fair value gains (losses) on FG VIEs" in the consolidated statements of operations, except for change in fair value of FG VIEs’ liabilities with recourse caused by changes in instrument-specific credit risk (ISCR) which is separately presented in OCI. Interest income and interest expense are derived from the trustee reports and also included in "fair value gains (losses) on FG VIEs." The FG VIEs issued securities collateralized by first lien and second lien RMBS as well as loans and receivables.

The fair value of the Company’s FG VIEs’ assets is generally sensitive to changes in estimated prepayment speeds; estimated default rates (determined on the basis of an analysis of collateral attributes such as: historical collateral performance, borrower profiles and other features relevant to the evaluation of collateral credit quality); yields implied by market prices for similar securities; and house price depreciation/appreciation rates based on macroeconomic forecasts. Significant changes to some of these inputs could have materially changed the market value of the FG VIEs’ assets and the implied collateral losses within the transaction. In general, the fair value of the FG VIEs’ assets is most sensitive to changes in the projected collateral losses, where an increase in collateral losses typically could lead to a decrease in the fair value of FG VIEs’ assets, while a decrease in collateral losses typically leads to an increase in the fair value of FG VIEs’ assets.

The third party utilizes an internal model to determine an appropriate yield at which to discount the cash flows of the security, by factoring in collateral types, weighted-average lives, and other structural attributes specific to the security being priced. The expected yield is further calibrated by utilizing algorithms designed to aggregate market color, received by the independent third party, on comparable bonds.

The models to price the FG VIEs’ liabilities used, where appropriate, the same inputs used in determining fair value of FG VIEs’ assets and, for those liabilities insured by the Company, the benefit of the Company's insurance policy guaranteeing the timely payment of principal and interest, taking into account the Company's own credit risk.

Significant changes to any of the inputs described above could have materially changed the timing of expected losses within the insured transaction which is a significant factor in determining the implied benefit of the Company’s insurance policy guaranteeing the timely payment of principal and interest for the tranches of debt issued by the FG VIEs. In general, extending the timing of expected loss payments by the Company into the future typically could lead to a decrease in the value of the Company’s insurance and a decrease in the fair value of the Company’s FG VIEs’ liabilities with recourse, while a shortening of the timing of expected loss payments by the Company typically could lead to an increase in the value of the Company’s insurance and an increase in the fair value of the Company’s FG VIEs’ liabilities with recourse.

Amounts recorded at fair value in the Company’s financial statements are presented in the tables below.
 
Fair Value Hierarchy of Financial Instruments Carried at Fair Value
As of September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
Fair Value Hierarchy
 
Fair Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Investment portfolio, available-for-sale:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Fixed-maturity securities
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Obligations of state and political subdivisions
$
4,463

 
$

 
$
4,354

 
$
109

U.S. government and agencies
155

 

 
155

 

Corporate securities
2,339

 

 
2,293

 
46

Mortgage-backed securities:
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
RMBS
877

 

 
561

 
316

Commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS)
469

 

 
469

 

Asset-backed securities
775

 

 
111

 
664

Non-U.S. government securities
199

 

 
199

 

Total fixed-maturity securities
9,277



 
8,142

 
1,135

Short-term investments
1,142

 
888

 
254

 

Other invested assets (1)
6

 

 

 
6

FG VIEs’ assets, at fair value
469

 

 

 
469

Other assets
148

 
30

 
42

 
76

Total assets carried at fair value
$
11,042

 
$
918

 
$
8,438

 
$
1,686

Liabilities:
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit derivative liabilities
$
214

 
$

 
$

 
$
214

FG VIEs’ liabilities with recourse, at fair value
388

 

 

 
388

FG VIEs’ liabilities without recourse, at fair value
105

 

 

 
105

Total liabilities carried at fair value
$
707

 
$

 
$

 
$
707

 
Fair Value Hierarchy of Financial Instruments Carried at Fair Value
As of December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
Fair Value Hierarchy
 
Fair Value
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
(in millions)
Assets:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Investment portfolio, available-for-sale:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Fixed-maturity securities
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Obligations of state and political subdivisions
$
4,911

 
$

 
$
4,812

 
$
99

U.S. government and agencies
175

 

 
175

 

Corporate securities
2,136

 

 
2,080

 
56

Mortgage-backed securities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

RMBS
982

 

 
673

 
309

CMBS
539

 

 
539

 

Asset-backed securities
1,068

 

 
121

 
947

Non-U.S. government securities
278

 

 
278

 

Total fixed-maturity securities
10,089

 

 
8,678

 
1,411

Short-term investments
729

 
429

 
300

 

Other invested assets (1)
7

 

 

 
7

FG VIEs’ assets, at fair value
569

 

 

 
569

Other assets
139

 
25

 
38

 
76

Total assets carried at fair value
$
11,533

 
$
454

 
$
9,016

 
$
2,063

Liabilities:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Credit derivative liabilities
$
209

 
$

 
$

 
$
209

FG VIEs’ liabilities with recourse, at fair value
517

 

 

 
517

FG VIEs’ liabilities without recourse, at fair value
102

 

 

 
102

Total liabilities carried at fair value
$
828

 
$

 
$

 
$
828

____________________
(1)
Includes Level 3 mortgage loans that are recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis.







Changes in Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
 
The tables below present a roll forward of the Company’s Level 3 financial instruments carried at fair value on a recurring basis during Third Quarter 2019 and 2018 and Nine Months 2019 and 2018.

Fair Value Level 3 Rollforward
Recurring Basis
Third Quarter 2019

 
Fixed-Maturity Securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FG VIEs’ Liabilities, at Fair Value
 
 
Obligations
of State and
Political
Subdivisions
 
Corporate Securities
 
RMBS
 
Asset-
Backed
Securities
 
FG VIEs’
Assets at
Fair
Value
 
Other
(6)
 
Credit
Derivative
Asset
(Liability),
net (4)
 
With
Recourse
 
Without
Recourse
 
 
(in millions)
Fair value as of
June 30, 2019
$
105

 
$
48

 
$
325

 
$
674

 
$
526

 
$
87

 
$
(216
)
 
$
(446
)
 
$
(105
)
 
Total pretax realized and unrealized gains/(losses) recorded in:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Net income (loss)
3

(1
)
1

(1
)
5

(1
)
7

(1
)
6

(2
)
(14
)
(3
)
5

(5
)
(2
)
(2
)
(2
)
(2
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
(4
)
 
(3
)
 
1

 
(3
)
 

 

 

 
1

 

 

Purchases
6

 

 

 
1

 

 

 

 

 

 

Settlements
(1
)
 

 
(15
)
 
(15
)
 
(69
)
 

 
3

 
64

 
3

 

FG VIE consolidation

 

 

 

 
6

 

 

 
(5
)
 
(1
)
 
Fair value as of
September 30, 2019
$
109

 
$
46

 
$
316

 
$
664

 
$
469

 
$
73

 
$
(208
)
 
$
(388
)
 
$
(105
)
 
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) included in earnings related to financial instruments held as of September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
6

(2
)
$
(14
)
(3
)
$
8

(5
)
$
(2
)
(2
)
$
(1
)
(2
)
Change in unrealized
gains/(losses) included in OCI related to financial instruments held as of September 30, 2019
$
(4
)
 
$
(3
)
 
$
1

 
$
(2
)
 
 
 
$

 
 
 
$
1

 
 
 


Fair Value Level 3 Rollforward
Recurring Basis
Third Quarter 2018

 
Fixed-Maturity Securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FG VIEs’ Liabilities, at Fair Value
 
 
Obligations
of State and
Political
Subdivisions
 
Corporate Securities
 
RMBS
 
Asset-
Backed
Securities
 
FG VIEs’
Assets at
Fair
Value
 
Other
(6)
 
Credit
Derivative
Asset
(Liability),
net (4)
 
With
Recourse
 
Without
Recourse
 
 
(in millions)
Fair value as of
June 30, 2018
$
92

 
$
63

 
$
311

 
$
897

 
$
627

 
$
61



$
(257
)
 
$
(571
)
 
$
(108
)
 
Total pretax realized and unrealized gains/(losses) recorded in:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Net income (loss)
1

(1
)
2

(1
)
3

(1
)
14

(1
)
(1
)
(2
)
(1
)
(3
)
21

(5
)
3

(2
)
1

(2
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
6

 
(5
)
 

 
(12
)
 

 

 

 
(3
)
 

 

Purchases

 

 

 
64

 

 

 

 

 

 

Settlements

 

 
(15
)
 
(10
)
 
(30
)
 

 
(1
)
 
26

 
3

 

Fair value as of
September 30, 2018
$
99

 
$
60

 
$
299

 
$
953

 
$
596

 
$
60

 
$
(237
)
 
$
(545
)
 
$
(104
)
 
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held as of September 30, 2018
$
6

 
$
(5
)
 
$
1

 
$
(11
)
 
$
2

(2
)
$
(1
)
(3
)
$
20

(5
)
$
(1
)
(2
)
$
1

(2
)

Fair Value Level 3 Rollforward
Recurring Basis
Nine Months 2019
 
Fixed-Maturity Securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FG VIEs’ Liabilities, at Fair Value
 
 
Obligations
of State and
Political
Subdivisions
 
Corporate Securities
 
RMBS
 
Asset-
Backed
Securities
 
FG VIEs’
Assets at
Fair
Value
 
Other
(6)
 
Credit
Derivative
Asset
(Liability),
net (4)
 
With
Recourse
 
Without
Recourse
 
 
(in millions)
Fair value as of
December 31, 2018
$
99

 
$
56

 
$
309

 
$
947

 
$
569

 
$
77

 
$
(207
)
 
$
(517
)
 
$
(102
)
 
Total pretax realized and unrealized gains/(losses) recorded in:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Net income (loss)
5

(1
)
(9
)
(1
)
16

(1
)
51

(1
)
70

(2
)
(4
)
(3
)
(25
)
(5
)
(33
)
(2
)
(9
)
(2
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
1

 
(1
)
 
21

 
(97
)
 


 

 


 

6

 


 

Purchases
6

 

 
11

 
19

 


 

 


 


 


 

Settlements
(2
)
 

 
(41
)
 
(257
)
 
(170
)
 

 

24

 

156

 

6

 

FG VIE consolidation

 

 

 

 
6

 

 

 
(5
)
 
(1
)
 
FG VIE deconsolidations

 

 

 

 
(6
)
 

 

 
5

 
1

 
Transfers into Level 3

 

 

 
1

 

 

 

 

 

 
Fair value as of
September 30, 2019
$
109

 
$
46

 
$
316

 
$
664

 
$
469

 
$
73

 
$
(208
)
 
$
(388
)
 
$
(105
)
 
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) included in earnings related to financial instruments held as of September 30, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
78

(2
)
$
(4
)
(3
)
$
(19
)
(5
)
$
(32
)
(2
)
$
(16
)
(2
)
Change in unrealized
gains/(losses) included in OCI related to financial instruments held as of September 30, 2019
$
1

 
$
(1
)
 
$
21

 
$
8

 
 
 
$

 
 
 
$
6

 
 
 
Fair Value Level 3 Rollforward
Recurring Basis
Nine Months 2018

 
Fixed-Maturity Securities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FG VIEs’ Liabilities, at Fair Value
 
 
Obligations
of State and
Political
Subdivisions
 
Corporate Securities
 
RMBS
 
Asset-
Backed
Securities
 
FG VIEs’
Assets at
Fair
Value
 
Other
(6)
 
Credit
Derivative
Asset
(Liability),
net (4)
 

With
Recourse
 

Without
Recourse
 
 
(in millions)
Fair value as of
December 31, 2017
$
76

 
$
67

 
$
334

 
$
787

 
$
700

 
$
64

 
$
(269
)
 
$
(627
)
 
$
(130
)
 
Total pretax realized and unrealized gains/(losses) recorded in:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Net income (loss)
3

(1
)
(2
)
(1
)
16

(1
)
43

(1
)
3

(2
)
(3
)
(3
)
103

(5
)
(1
)
(2
)
3

(2
)
Other comprehensive income (loss)
17

 
(5
)
 
(10
)
 
(3
)
 

 

 


 

(1
)
 


 

Purchases
4

 

 
9

 
164

 

 

 


 


 


 

Issuances

 

 

 

 

 

 
(68
)
(7
)

 

 
Settlements
(1
)
 

 
(50
)
 
(38
)
 
(90
)
 
(1
)
 

(3
)
 

83

 

7

 

FG VIE deconsolidations

 

 

 

 
(17
)
 

 

 
1

 
16

 
Fair value as of
September 30, 2018
$
99

 
$
60

 
$
299

 
$
953

 
$
596

 
$
60

 
$
(237
)
 
$
(545
)
 
$
(104
)
 
Change in unrealized gains/(losses) related to financial instruments held as of September 30, 2018
$
17

 
$
(5
)
 
$
(7
)
 
$
(1
)
 
$
13

(2
)
$
(3
)
(3
)
$
93

(5
)
$
(2
)
(2
)
$
2

(2
)
 ____________________
(1)
Included in net realized investment gains (losses) and net investment income.

(2)
Included in fair value gains (losses) on FG VIEs.

(3)
Recorded in net investment income and other income.

(4)
Represents the net position of credit derivatives. Credit derivative assets (recorded in other assets) and credit derivative liabilities (presented as a separate line item) are shown as either assets or liabilities in the condensed consolidated balance sheet based on net exposure by counterparty.

(5)
Reported in net change in fair value of credit derivatives.

(6)
Includes CCS and other invested assets.

(7)
Relates to SGI Transaction. See Note 11, Reinsurance.






Level 3 Fair Value Disclosures
 
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Inputs
At September 30, 2019

Financial Instrument Description (1)
 
Fair Value at
September 30, 2019
(in millions)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Range
 
Weighted Average as a Percentage of Current Par Outstanding
Assets (liabilities) (2):
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed-maturity securities:
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Obligations of state and political subdivisions
 
$
109

 
Yield
 
4.5
%
-
32.3%
 
8.4%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate securities
 
46

 
Yield
 
35.8%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RMBS
 
316

 
CPR
 
1.4
%
-
16.9%
 
6.0%
 
 
CDR
 
1.5
%
-
6.9%
 
4.9%
 
 
Loss severity
 
40.0
%
-
125.0%
 
85.7%
 
 
Yield
 
3.5
%
-
6.1%
 
4.2%
Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Life insurance transactions
 
339

 
Yield
 
5.5%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CLOs /Trust preferred securities (TruPS)
 
274

 
Yield
 
2.5
%
-
5.1%
 
3.6%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Others
 
51

 
Yield
 
9.9%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FG VIEs’ assets, at fair value
 
469

 
CPR
 
0.7
%
-
18.4%
 
8.8%
 
 
CDR
 
1.2
%
-
25.7%
 
4.7%
 
 
Loss severity
 
60.0
%
-
100.0%
 
77.6%
 
 
Yield
 
3.3
%
-
8.3%
 
5.0%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other assets
 
70

 
Implied Yield
 
5.8
%
-
6.5%
 
6.2%
 
 
Term (years)
 
10 years
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit derivative liabilities, net
 
(208
)
 
Year 1 loss estimates
 
0.0
%
-
50.0%
 
1.2%
 
 
Hedge cost (in basis points (bps))
 
8.0

-
42.0
 
17.0
 
 
Bank profit (in bps)
 
38.0

-
191.0
 
81.0
 
 
Internal floor (in bps)
 
30.0
 
 
 
 
Internal credit rating
 
AAA

-
CCC
 
A+
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FG VIEs’ liabilities, at fair value
 
(493
)
 
CPR
 
0.7
%
-
18.4%
 
8.8%
 
 
CDR
 
1.2
%
-
25.7%
 
4.7%
 
 
Loss severity
 
60.0
%
-
100.0%
 
77.6%
 
 
Yield
 
3.3
%
-
8.3%
 
4.2%
___________________
(1)
Discounted cash flow is used as the primary valuation technique for all financial instruments listed in this table.

(2)
Excludes several investments recorded in other invested assets with fair value of $6 million.
Quantitative Information About Level 3 Fair Value Inputs
At December 31, 2018

Financial Instrument Description (1)
 
Fair Value at
December 31, 2018
(in millions)
 
Significant Unobservable Inputs
 
Range
 
Weighted Average as a Percentage of Current Par Outstanding
Assets (liabilities) (2):
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Fixed-maturity securities:
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Obligations of state and political subdivisions
 
$
99

 
Yield
 
4.5
%
-
32.7%
 
12.0%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate securities
 
56

 
Yield
 
29.5%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
RMBS
 
309

 
CPR
 
3.4
%
-
19.4%
 
6.2%
 
 
CDR
 
1.5
%
-
6.9%
 
5.2%
 
 
Loss severity
 
40.0
%
-
125.0%
 
82.7%
 
 
Yield
 
5.3
%
-
8.1%
 
6.3%
Asset-backed securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Life insurance transactions
 
620

 
Yield
 
6.5
%
-
7.1%
 
6.8%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
CLOs/TruPS
 
274

 
Yield
 
3.8
%
-
4.7%
 
4.3%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Others
 
53

 
Yield
 
11.5%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FG VIEs’ assets, at fair value
 
569

 
CPR
 
0.9
%
-
18.1%
 
9.3%
 
 
CDR
 
1.3
%
-
23.7%
 
5.1%
 
 
Loss severity
 
60.0
%
-
100.0%
 
79.8%
 
 
Yield
 
5.0
%
-
10.2%
 
7.1%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other assets
 
74

 
Implied Yield
 
6.6
%
-
7.2%
 
6.9%
 
 
Term (years)
 
10 years
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Credit derivative liabilities, net
 
(207
)
 
Year 1 loss estimates
 
0.0
%
-
66.0%
 
2.2%
 
 
Hedge cost (in bps)
 
5.5

-
82.5
 
23.3
 
 
Bank profit (in bps)
 
7.2

-
509.9
 
77.3
 
 
Internal floor (in bps)
 
8.8

-
30.0
 
19.0
 
 
Internal credit rating
 
AAA

-
CCC
 
AA-
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
FG VIEs’ liabilities, at fair value
 
(619
)
 
CPR
 
0.9
%
-
18.1%
 
9.3%
 
 
CDR
 
1.3
%
-
23.7%
 
5.1%
 
 
Loss severity
 
60.0
%
-
100.0%
 
79.8%
 
 
Yield
 
5.0
%
-
10.2%
 
5.6%

____________________
(1)
Discounted cash flow is used as the primary valuation technique for all financial instruments listed in this table.

(2)
Excludes several investments recorded in other invested assets with fair value of $7 million.


Not Carried at Fair Value

Financial Guaranty Insurance Contracts

Fair value is based on management’s estimate of what a similarly rated financial guaranty insurance company would demand to acquire the Company’s in-force book of financial guaranty insurance business. It is based on a variety of factors that may include pricing assumptions management has observed for portfolio transfers, commutations, and acquisitions that have occurred in the financial guaranty market, as well as prices observed in the credit derivative market with an adjustment for illiquidity so that the terms would be similar to a financial guaranty insurance contract, and also includes adjustments for stressed losses, ceding commissions and return on capital. The Company classified the fair value of financial guaranty insurance contracts as Level 3.
 
Long-Term Debt
 
Long-term debt issued by AGUS and AGMH is valued by broker-dealers using third party independent pricing sources and standard market conventions and classified as Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy. The market conventions utilize market quotations, market transactions for the Company’s comparable instruments, and to a lesser extent, similar instruments in the broader insurance industry. The fair value of notes payable was determined by calculating the present value of the expected cash flows, and was classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.
 
The carrying amount and estimated fair value of the Company’s financial instruments not carried at fair value are presented in the following table.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments Not Carried at Fair Value
 
 
As of
September 30, 2019
 
As of
December 31, 2018
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Estimated
Fair Value
 
(in millions)
Assets (liabilities):
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Other invested assets
$
1

 
$
2

 
$
1

 
$
2

Other assets (1)
91

 
91

 
130

 
130

Financial guaranty insurance contracts (2)
(2,731
)
 
(5,200
)
 
(3,240
)
 
(5,932
)
Long-term debt
(1,234
)
 
(1,549
)
 
(1,233
)
 
(1,496
)
Other liabilities (1)
(45
)
 
(45
)
 
(12
)
 
(12
)
____________________
(1)
The Company's other assets and other liabilities consist predominantly of accrued interest, receivables for securities sold and payables for securities purchased, for which the carrying value approximates fair value.

(2)
Carrying amount includes the assets and liabilities related to financial guaranty insurance contract premiums, losses, and salvage and subrogation and other recoverables net of reinsurance.