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Outstanding Exposure
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2015
Outstanding Exposure Disclosure  
Outstanding Exposure
Outstanding Exposure
 
The Company’s financial guaranty contracts are written in either insurance or credit derivative form, but collectively are considered financial guaranty contracts. The Company seeks to limit its exposure to losses by underwriting obligations that are investment grade at inception, or in the case of restructurings of troubled credits, the Company may underwrite new issuances that one or more of the rating agencies may rate below-investment-grade ("BIG") as part of its loss mitigation strategy. The Company diversifies its insured portfolio across asset classes and, in the structured finance portfolio, requires rigorous subordination or collateralization requirements. Reinsurance is utilized in order to reduce net exposure to certain insured transactions.

     Public finance obligations insured by the Company consist primarily of general obligation bonds supported by the taxing powers of U.S. state or municipal governmental authorities, as well as tax-supported bonds, revenue bonds and other obligations supported by covenants from state or municipal governmental authorities or other municipal obligors to impose and collect fees and charges for public services or specific infrastructure projects. The Company also includes within public finance obligations those obligations backed by the cash flow from leases or other revenues from projects serving substantial public purposes, including utilities, toll roads, health care facilities and government office buildings.

Structured finance obligations insured by the Company are generally issued by special purpose entities, including variable interest entities ("VIEs"), and backed by pools of assets having an ascertainable cash flow or market value or other specialized financial obligations. Some of these VIEs are consolidated as described in Note 9, Consolidated Variable Interest Entities. Unless otherwise specified, the outstanding par and Debt Service amounts presented in this note include outstanding exposures on VIEs whether or not they are consolidated.

Surveillance Categories
 
The Company segregates its insured portfolio into investment grade and BIG surveillance categories to facilitate the appropriate allocation of resources to monitoring and loss mitigation efforts and to aid in establishing the appropriate cycle for periodic review for each exposure. BIG exposures include all exposures with internal credit ratings below BBB-. The Company’s internal credit ratings are based on internal assessments of the likelihood of default and loss severity in the event of default. Internal credit ratings are expressed on a ratings scale similar to that used by the rating agencies and are generally reflective of an approach similar to that employed by the rating agencies, except that the Company's internal credit ratings focus on future performance, rather than lifetime performance.
 
The Company monitors its investment grade credits to determine whether any need to be internally downgraded to BIG and refreshes its internal credit ratings on individual credits in quarterly, semi-annual or annual cycles based on the Company’s view of the credit’s quality, loss potential, volatility and sector. Ratings on credits in sectors identified as under the most stress or with the most potential volatility are reviewed every quarter. The Company’s credit ratings on assumed credits are based on the Company’s reviews of low-rated credits or credits in volatile sectors, unless such information is not available, in which case, the ceding company’s credit rating of the transactions are used. The Company models the performance of many of its structured finance transactions as part of its periodic internal credit rating review of them.
 
Credits identified as BIG are subjected to further review to determine the probability of a loss. See Note 5, Expected Loss to be Paid, for additional information. Surveillance personnel then assign each BIG transaction to the appropriate BIG surveillance category based upon whether a future loss is expected and whether a claim has been paid. For surveillance purposes, the Company calculates present value using a constant discount rate of 4.5% or 5% depending on the insurance subsidiary. (Risk-free rates are used for calculating the expected loss for financial statement measurement purposes.)
 
More extensive monitoring and intervention is employed for all BIG surveillance categories, with internal credit ratings reviewed quarterly. The Company expects “future losses” on a transaction when the Company believes there is at least a 50% chance that, on a present value basis, it will pay more claims in the future of that transaction than it will have reimbursed. The three BIG categories are:
 
BIG Category 1: Below-investment-grade transactions showing sufficient deterioration to make future losses possible, but for which none are currently expected.
 
BIG Category 2: Below-investment-grade transactions for which future losses are expected but for which no claims (other than liquidity claims which is a claim that the Company expects to be reimbursed within one year) have yet been paid.
 
BIG Category 3: Below-investment-grade transactions for which future losses are expected and on which claims (other than liquidity claims) have been paid.

Components of Outstanding Exposure

Unless otherwise noted, ratings disclosed herein on the Company's insured portfolio reflect its internal ratings. The Company classifies those portions of risks benefiting from reimbursement obligations collateralized by eligible assets held in trust in acceptable reimbursement structures as the higher of 'AA' or their current internal rating.

The Company purchases securities that it has insured, and for which it has expected losses to be paid, in order to
mitigate the economic effect of insured losses ("loss mitigation securities"). The Company excludes amounts attributable to loss mitigation securities (unless otherwise indicated) from par and Debt Service outstanding, because it manages such securities as investments and not insurance exposure.
Financial Guaranty
Debt Service Outstanding

 
Gross Debt Service
Outstanding
 
Net Debt Service
Outstanding
 
March 31,
2015
 
December 31,
2014
 
March 31,
2015
 
December 31,
2014
 
(in millions)
Public finance
$
565,386

 
$
587,245

 
$
533,359

 
$
553,612

Structured finance
54,546

 
59,477

 
51,300

 
56,010

Total financial guaranty
$
619,932

 
$
646,722

 
$
584,659

 
$
609,622


 
In addition to the amounts shown in the table above, the Company’s net mortgage guaranty insurance debt service was approximately $113 million as of March 31, 2015 and $127 million as of December 31, 2014, related to loans originated in Ireland.

Financial Guaranty Portfolio by Internal Rating
As of March 31, 2015

 
 
Public Finance
U.S.
 
Public Finance
Non-U.S.
 
Structured Finance
U.S
 
Structured Finance
Non-U.S
 
Total
Rating
Category
 
Net Par
Outstanding
 
%
 
Net Par
Outstanding
 
%
 
Net Par
Outstanding
 
%
 
Net Par
Outstanding
 
%
 
Net Par
Outstanding
 
%
 
 
(dollars in millions)
AAA
 
$
3,563

 
1.1
%
 
$
613

 
2.1
%
 
$
18,176

 
47.3
%
 
$
4,397

 
57.8
%
 
$
26,749

 
6.9
%
AA
 
86,521

 
27.6

 
2,650

 
9.0

 
8,360

 
21.7

 
377

 
5.0

 
97,908

 
25.2

A
 
171,308

 
54.7

 
7,091

 
23.9

 
2,228

 
5.8

 
365

 
4.7

 
180,992

 
46.4

BBB
 
44,110

 
14.1

 
17,891

 
60.4

 
1,843

 
4.8

 
1,746

 
23.0

 
65,590

 
16.9

BIG
 
7,942

 
2.5

 
1,374

 
4.6

 
7,823

 
20.4

 
721

 
9.5

 
17,860

 
4.6

Total net par outstanding (1)
 
$
313,444

 
100.0
%
 
$
29,619

 
100.0
%
 
$
38,430

 
100.0
%
 
$
7,606

 
100.0
%
 
$
389,099

 
100.0
%
_____________________
(1)
Excludes $1.3 billion of loss mitigation securities insured and held by the Company as of March 31, 2015, which are primarily in the BIG category.


Financial Guaranty Portfolio by Internal Rating
As of December 31, 2014 

 
 
Public Finance
U.S.
 
Public Finance
Non-U.S.
 
Structured Finance
U.S
 
Structured Finance
Non-U.S
 
Total
Rating
Category
 
Net Par
Outstanding
 
%
 
Net Par
Outstanding
 
%
 
Net Par
Outstanding
 
%
 
Net Par
Outstanding
 
%
 
Net Par
Outstanding
 
%
 
 
(dollars in millions)
AAA
 
$
4,082

 
1.3
%
 
$
615

 
2.0
%
 
$
20,037

 
48.7
%
 
$
5,409

 
59.6
%
 
$
30,143

 
7.5
%
AA
 
90,464

 
28.1

 
2,785

 
8.9

 
8,213

 
19.9

 
503

 
5.5

 
101,965

 
25.3

A
 
176,298

 
54.7

 
7,192

 
22.9

 
2,940

 
7.1

 
445

 
4.9

 
186,875

 
46.3

BBB
 
43,429

 
13.5

 
19,363

 
61.7

 
1,795

 
4.4

 
1,912

 
21.1

 
66,499

 
16.4

BIG
 
7,850

 
2.4

 
1,404

 
4.5

 
8,186

 
19.9

 
807

 
8.9

 
18,247

 
4.5

Total net par outstanding (1)
 
$
322,123

 
100.0
%
 
$
31,359

 
100.0
%
 
$
41,171

 
100.0
%
 
$
9,076

 
100.0
%
 
$
403,729

 
100.0
%
_____________________
(1)
Excludes $1.3 billion of loss mitigation securities insured and held by the Company as of December 31, 2014, which are primarily in the BIG category.

In addition to amounts shown in the tables above, the Company had outstanding commitments to provide guaranties of $38 million for structured finance and $410 million for public finance obligations as of March 31, 2015. The structured finance commitments include the unfunded component of pooled corporate and other transactions. The expiration dates for the public finance commitments range between April 9, 2015 and February 25, 2017, with $210 million expiring prior to the date of this filing and an additional $75 million expiring prior to December 31, 2015. The commitments are contingent on the satisfaction of all conditions set forth in them and may expire unused or be canceled at the counterparty’s request. Therefore, the total commitment amount does not necessarily reflect actual future guaranteed amounts.

Components of BIG Portfolio

Components of BIG Net Par Outstanding
(Insurance and Credit Derivative Form)
As of March 31, 2015

 
BIG Net Par Outstanding
 
Net Par
 
BIG 1
 
BIG 2
 
BIG 3
 
Total BIG
 
Outstanding
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
 
 
 
 
U.S. public finance
$
6,669

 
$
1,156

 
$
117

 
$
7,942

 
$
313,444

Non-U.S. public finance
863

 
511

 

 
1,374

 
29,619

First lien U.S. residential mortgage-backed securities ("RMBS"):
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Prime first lien
49

 
59

 
241

 
349

 
454

Alt-A first lien
579

 
436

 
763

 
1,778

 
2,449

Option ARM
9

 
53

 
108

 
170

 
374

Subprime
179

 
529

 
831

 
1,539

 
3,935

Second lien U.S. RMBS:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Closed-end second lien

 
19

 
113

 
132

 
212

Home equity lines of credit (“HELOCs”)
1,235

 
29

 
240

 
1,504

 
1,654

Total U.S. RMBS
2,051

 
1,125

 
2,296

 
5,472

 
9,078

Triple-X life insurance transactions

 

 
598

 
598

 
3,133

Trust preferred securities (“TruPS”)
828

 

 
327

 
1,155

 
4,075

Other structured finance
927

 
237

 
155

 
1,319

 
29,750

Total
$
11,338

 
$
3,029

 
$
3,493

 
$
17,860

 
$
389,099


Components of BIG Net Par Outstanding
(Insurance and Credit Derivative Form)
As of December 31, 2014

 
BIG Net Par Outstanding
 
Net Par
 
BIG 1
 
BIG 2
 
BIG 3
 
Total BIG
 
Outstanding
 
 
 
 
 
(in millions)
 
 
 
 
U.S. public finance
$
6,577

 
$
1,156

 
$
117

 
$
7,850

 
$
322,123

Non-U.S. public finance
1,402

 
2

 

 
1,404

 
31,359

First lien U.S. RMBS:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Prime first lien
68

 
33

 
252

 
353

 
471

Alt-A first lien
585

 
531

 
725

 
1,841

 
2,532

Option ARM
47

 
18

 
118

 
183

 
407

Subprime
156

 
654

 
765

 
1,575

 
4,051

Second lien U.S. RMBS:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Closed-end second lien

 
19

 
115

 
134

 
218

HELOCs
1,012

 
36

 
509

 
1,557

 
1,738

Total U.S. RMBS
1,868

 
1,291

 
2,484

 
5,643

 
9,417

Triple-X life insurance transactions

 

 
598

 
598

 
3,133

TruPS
997

 

 
336

 
1,333

 
4,326

Other structured finance
1,021

 
240

 
158

 
1,419

 
33,371

Total
$
11,865

 
$
2,689

 
$
3,693

 
$
18,247

 
$
403,729




BIG Net Par Outstanding
and Number of Risks
As of March 31, 2015

 
 
Net Par Outstanding
 
Number of Risks(2)
Description
 
Financial
Guaranty
Insurance(1)
 
Credit
Derivative
 
Total
 
Financial
Guaranty
Insurance(1)
 
Credit
Derivative
 
Total
 
 
(dollars in millions)
BIG:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Category 1
 
$
9,887

 
$
1,451

 
$
11,338

 
164

 
18

 
182

Category 2
 
2,345

 
684

 
3,029

 
73

 
12

 
85

Category 3
 
2,705

 
788

 
3,493

 
119

 
25

 
144

Total BIG
 
$
14,937

 
$
2,923

 
$
17,860

 
356

 
55

 
411



 BIG Net Par Outstanding
and Number of Risks
As of December 31, 2014

 
 
Net Par Outstanding
 
Number of Risks(2)
Description
 
Financial
Guaranty
Insurance(1)
 
Credit
Derivative
 
Total
 
Financial
Guaranty
Insurance(1)
 
Credit
Derivative
 
Total
 
 
(dollars in millions)
BIG:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Category 1
 
$
10,195

 
$
1,670

 
$
11,865

 
164

 
18

 
182

Category 2
 
2,135

 
554

 
2,689

 
75

 
14

 
89

Category 3
 
2,892

 
801

 
3,693

 
119

 
24

 
143

Total BIG
 
$
15,222

 
$
3,025

 
$
18,247

 
358

 
56

 
414

_____________________
(1)    Includes net par outstanding for FG VIEs.
 
(2)
A risk represents the aggregate of the financial guaranty policies that share the same revenue source for purposes of making Debt Service payments.
 
Exposure to Puerto Rico
         
The Company insures general obligation bonds of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and various obligations of its related authorities and public corporations aggregating $4.9 billion net par as of March 31, 2015. The Company rates $4.7 billion net par of that amount BIG; included in that amount are the obligations of Puerto Rico Highway and Transportation Authority (“PRHTA”) and PREPA.

Puerto Rico has experienced significant general fund budget deficits in recent years. These deficits have been covered primarily with the net proceeds of bond issuances, interim financings provided by Government Development Bank for Puerto Rico (“GDB”) and, in some cases, one-time revenue measures or expense adjustment measures. In addition to high debt levels, Puerto Rico faces a challenging economic environment.

In June 2014, the Puerto Rico legislature passed the Puerto Rico Public Corporation Debt Enforcement and Recovery Act (the "Recovery Act") in order to provide a legislative framework for certain public corporations experiencing severe financial stress to restructure their debt, including PRHTA and PREPA. Subsequently, the Commonwealth stated PREPA might need to seek relief under the Recovery Act due to liquidity constraints.

In August 2014, PREPA entered into forbearance agreements with the GDB, its bank lenders, and bondholders and financial guaranty insurers (including AGM and AGC) that hold or guarantee more than 60% of PREPA's outstanding bonds, in order to address its near-term liquidity issues. Creditors, including AGM and AGC, agreed not to exercise available rights and remedies until March 31, 2015, and the bank lenders agreed to extend the maturity of two revolving lines of credit to the same date. PREPA agreed it would continue to make principal and interest payments on its outstanding bonds, and interest payments on its lines of credit. It also agreed it would develop a five year business plan and a recovery program in respect of its operations; a preliminary business plan was released in December 2014. Subsequently, the parties have extended these forbearance agreements through June 4, 2015. Creditors, including AGM and AGC, are in discussions among themselves and with PREPA regarding potentially extending the forbearance agreements beyond June 4, 2015, but there can be no assurance that such discussions will result in such an extension. PREPA, during the pendency of the Forbearance Agreement, has suspended deposits into the Debt Service Fund and has utilized amounts on deposit in the Debt Service Reserve Fund to pay debt service due on its bonds and other obligations through May 8, 2015.

Investors in bonds issued by PREPA filed suit in the United States District Court for the District of Puerto Rico asserting the Recovery Act violates the U.S. Constitution. On February 6, 2015, the U.S. District Court for the District of Puerto Rico ruled the Recovery Act is preempted by the U.S. Bankruptcy Code and is therefore void; on February 19, 2015, the Commonwealth appealed the ruling to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit. In addition, the Commonwealth's Resident Commissioner has introduced a bill to the U.S. Congress that, if passed, would enable the Commonwealth to authorize one or more of its public corporations to restructure their debts under chapter 9 of the U.S Bankruptcy Code if they were to become insolvent. The passage of the Recovery Act, its subsequent invalidation, and the introduction of legislation that would enable the Commonwealth to authorize chapter 9 protection for its public corporations have resulted in uncertainty among investors about the rights of creditors of the Commonwealth and its related authorities and public corporations.

Following the enactment of the Recovery Act, S&P, Moody’s and Fitch Ratings lowered the credit rating of the Commonwealth’s bonds and the ratings on certain of its public corporations. In February, March and April 2015, Moody's, Fitch Ratings and S&P, respectively, each again lowered the credit rating of the Commonwealth's bonds and the ratings on certain of its public corporations. The Commonwealth has disclosed its liquidity has been adversely affected by rating agency downgrades and by the limited market access for its debt, and also noted it has relied on short-term financings and interim loans from the GDB and other private lenders, which reliance has constrained its liquidity and increased its near-term refinancing risk.

In early 2015, Puerto Rico enacted legislation designed to stabilize PRHTA and improve the liquidity of the GDB. The legislation provides for certain tax revenues that would support PRHTA and require the transfer of certain liabilities and revenues from PHRTA to another authority, as well as allowing the transfer of the operations of poorly performing transit facilities to a new authority.

The following tables show the Company’s exposure to general obligation bonds of Puerto Rico and various obligations of its related authorities and public corporations.

Puerto Rico
Gross Par and Gross Debt Service Outstanding

 
Gross Par Outstanding
 
Gross Debt Service Outstanding
 
March 31,
2015
 
December 31,
2014
 
March 31,
2015
 
December 31,
2014
 
(in millions)
Previously Subject to the Voided Recovery Act (1)
$
3,059

 
$
3,058

 
$
5,252

 
$
5,326

Not Previously Subject to the Voided Recovery Act
2,977

 
2,977

 
4,675

 
4,748

   Total
$
6,036

 
$
6,035

 
$
9,927

 
$
10,074

____________________
(1)
On February 6, 2015, the U.S. District Court for the District of Puerto Rico ruled that the Recovery Act is preempted by the Federal Bankruptcy Code and is therefore void. On February 19, 2015, the Commonwealth appealed the ruling to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the First Circuit.

Puerto Rico
Net Par Outstanding

 
 
As of
March 31, 2015
 
As of
December 31, 2014
 
 
Total
 
Internal Rating
 
Total
 
Internal Rating
 
 
(in millions)
Exposures Previously Subject to the Voided Recovery Act:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
PRHTA (Transportation revenue)
 
$
844

 
BB-
 
$
844

 
BB-
PREPA
 
773

 
B-
 
772

 
B-
Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority
 
384

 
BB-
 
384

 
BB-
PRHTA (Highway revenue)
 
273

 
BB
 
273

 
BB
Puerto Rico Convention Center District Authority
 
174

 
BB-
 
174

 
BB-
Total
 
2,448

 
 
 
2,447

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Exposures Not Previously Subject to the Voided Recovery Act:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico - General Obligation Bonds
 
1,672

 
BB
 
1,672

 
BB
Puerto Rico Municipal Finance Agency
 
399

 
BB-
 
399

 
BB-
Puerto Rico Sales Tax Financing Corporation
 
269

 
BBB
 
269

 
BBB
Puerto Rico Public Buildings Authority
 
100

 
BB
 
100

 
BB
GDB
 
33

 
BB
 
33

 
BB
Puerto Rico Infrastructure Finance Authority
 
18

 
BB-
 
18

 
BB-
University of Puerto Rico
 
1

 
BB-
 
1

 
BB-
Total
 
2,492

 
 
 
2,492

 
 
Total net exposure to Puerto Rico
 
$
4,940

 
 
 
$
4,939

 
 



The following table shows the scheduled amortization of the general obligation bonds of Puerto Rico and various obligations of its related authorities and public corporations insured and rated BIG by the Company. The Company guarantees payments of interest and principal when those amounts are scheduled to be paid and cannot be required to pay on an accelerated basis. In the event that obligors default on their obligations, the Company would only be required to pay the shortfall between the principal and interest due in any given period and the amount paid by the obligors.
     
Amortization Schedule of Puerto Rico BIG Net Par Outstanding
and BIG Net Debt Service Outstanding
As of March 31, 2015

 
Scheduled BIG Net Par Amortization
 
Scheduled BIG Net Debt Service Amortization
 
 
Previously Subject to the Voided Recovery Act
 
Not Previously Subject to the Voided Recovery Act
 
Total
 
Previously Subject to the Voided Recovery Act
 
Not Previously Subject to the Voided Recovery Act
 
Total
 
 
(in millions)
 
2015 (April 1 - June 30)
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
0

 
$
2

 
$
1

 
$
3

 
2015 (July 1 - September 30)
126

 
171

 
297

 
186

 
227

 
413

 
2015 (October 1 - December 31)
0

 
33

 
33

 
2

 
35

 
37

 
2016
84

 
183

 
267

 
200

 
287

 
487

 
2017
41

 
166

 
207

 
153

 
262

 
415

 
2018
48

 
109

 
157

 
158

 
195

 
353

 
2019
61

 
126

 
187

 
168

 
207

 
375

 
2020
73

 
182

 
255

 
176

 
258

 
434

 
2021
51

 
58

 
109

 
151

 
123

 
274

 
2022
43

 
67

 
110

 
140

 
129

 
269

 
2023
102

 
39

 
141

 
198

 
99

 
297

 
2024
82

 
78

 
160

 
173

 
136

 
309

 
2025-2029
576

 
340

 
916

 
951

 
566

 
1,517

 
2030-2034
440

 
387

 
827

 
696

 
542

 
1,238

 
2035 -2039
397

 
272

 
669

 
525

 
304

 
829

 
2040 -2044
78

 
12

 
90

 
146

 
13

 
159

 
2045 -2047
246

 

 
246

 
272

 

 
272

 
Total
$
2,448

 
$
2,223

 
$
4,671

 
$
4,297

 
$
3,384

 
$
7,681

 


Exposure to the Selected European Countries

Several European countries continue to experience significant economic, fiscal and/or political strains such that the likelihood of default on obligations with a nexus to those countries may be higher than the Company anticipated when such factors did not exist. The European countries where the Company has exposure and believes heightened uncertainties exist are: Hungary, Italy, Portugal and Spain (collectively, the “Selected European Countries”). The Company is closely monitoring its exposures in the Selected European Countries where it believes heightened uncertainties exist. The Company’s direct economic exposure to the Selected European Countries (based on par for financial guaranty contracts and notional amount for financial guaranty contracts accounted for as derivatives) is shown in the following table, net of ceded reinsurance.
Net Direct Economic Exposure to Selected European Countries(1)
As of March 31, 2015

 
Hungary
 
Italy
 
Portugal
 
Spain
 
Total
 
(in millions)
Sovereign and sub-sovereign exposure:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Non-infrastructure public finance (2)
$

 
$
779

 
$
91

 
$
211

 
$
1,081

Infrastructure finance
265

 
11

 
11

 
120

 
407

Total sovereign and sub-sovereign exposure
265

 
790

 
102

 
331

 
1,488

Non-sovereign exposure:
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Regulated utilities

 
210

 

 

 
210

RMBS
174

 
234

 

 

 
408

Total non-sovereign exposure
174

 
444

 

 

 
618

Total
$
439

 
$
1,234

 
$
102

 
$
331

 
$
2,106

Total BIG (See Note 5)
$
370

 
$

 
$
102

 
$
331

 
$
803

____________________
(1)
While the Company’s exposures are shown in U.S. dollars, the obligations the Company insures are in various currencies, primarily Euros. One of the residential mortgage-backed securities included in the table above includes residential mortgages in both Italy and Germany, and only the portion of the transaction equal to the portion of the original mortgage pool in Italian mortgages is shown in the table.

(2)
The exposure shown in the “Non-infrastructure public finance” category is from transactions backed by receivable payments from sub-sovereigns in Italy, Spain and Portugal. Sub-sovereign debt is debt issued by a governmental entity or government backed entity, or supported by such an entity, that is other than direct sovereign debt of the ultimate governing body of the country.
 
When the Company directly insures an obligation, it assigns the obligation to a geographic location or locations based on its view of the geographic location of the risk. The Company may also have direct exposures to the Selected European Countries in business assumed from unaffiliated monoline insurance companies, in which case the Company depends upon geographic information provided by the primary insurer.

The Company has excluded from the exposure tables above its indirect economic exposure to the Selected European Countries through policies it provides on pooled corporate and commercial receivables transactions. The Company calculates indirect exposure to a country by multiplying the par amount of a transaction insured by the Company times the percent of the relevant collateral pool reported as having a nexus to the country. On that basis, the Company has calculated exposure of $355 million to Selected European Countries (plus Greece) in transactions with $10.0 billion of net par outstanding. The indirect exposure to credits with a nexus to Greece is $11 million across several highly rated pooled corporate obligations with net par outstanding of $483 million.