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Employee Benefit Plans
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Employee Benefit Plans  
Employee Benefit Plans

17. Employee Benefit Plans

Accounting Policy

        The expense for Performance Retention Plan awards is recognized over the requisite service period, for each separately vesting tranche as though the award were, in substance, multiple awards, with the exception of retirement eligible employees. For retirement eligible employees, the expense is recognized immediately.

        Stock compensation expense is based on the grant date fair value using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The Company amortizes the fair value of options on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards, which are generally the vesting periods, with the exception of retirement-eligible employees. For retirement-eligible employees, options are amortized over the period through the date the employee first becomes eligible to retire and is no longer required to provide service to earn part or all of the award. The Company may elect to use different assumptions under the Black-Scholes option valuation model in the future, which could materially affect the Company's net income or earnings per share ("EPS").

        The fair value of each award under the Assured Guaranty Ltd. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the "Stock Purchase Plan") is estimated at the beginning of each offering period using the Black-Scholes option valuation model.

Assured Guaranty Ltd. 2004 Long-Term Incentive Plan

        As of April 27, 2004, the Company adopted the Assured Guaranty Ltd. 2004 Long-Term Incentive Plan, as amended (the "Incentive Plan"). The number of common shares that may be delivered under the Incentive Plan may not exceed 10,970,000. In the event of certain transactions affecting the Company's common shares, the number or type of shares subject to the Incentive Plan, the number and type of shares subject to outstanding awards under the Incentive Plan, and the exercise price of awards under the Incentive Plan, may be adjusted.

        The Incentive Plan authorizes the grant of incentive stock options, non-qualified stock options, stock appreciation rights, and full value awards that are based on the Company's common shares. The grant of full value awards may be in return for a participant's previously performed services, or in return for the participant surrendering other compensation that may be due, or may be contingent on the achievement of performance or other objectives during a specified period, or may be subject to a risk of forfeiture or other restrictions that will lapse upon the achievement of one or more goals relating to completion of service by the participant, or achievement of performance or other objectives. Awards under the Incentive Plan may accelerate and become vested upon a change in control of the Company.

        The Incentive Plan is administered by a committee of the Board of Directors. The Compensation Committee of the Board serves as this committee except as otherwise determined by the Board. The Board may amend or terminate the Incentive Plan. As of December 31, 2011, 3,384,576 common shares were available for grant under the Incentive Plan.

Stock Options

        Nonqualified or incentive stock options may be granted to employees and directors of the Company. Stock options are generally granted once a year with exercise prices equal to the closing price on the date of grant. To date, the Company has only issued nonqualified stock options. All stock options granted to employees vest in equal annual installments over a three-year period and expire 10 years from the date of grant. None of the Company's options have a performance or market condition.

Stock Options

 
  Options for
Common Shares
  Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
  Weighted
Average Grant
Date Fair Value
  Number of
Exercisable
Options
  Year of
Expiration
 

Balance as of December 31, 2010

    5,003,770     20.00           4,010,822        

Options granted

                       

Options exercised

    (60,070 )   10.34                    

Options forfeited

    (745,103 )   20.15                    
                               

Balance as of December 31, 2011

    4,198,597   $ 20.11           3,808,539        
                               

        As of December 31, 2011, the aggregate intrinsic value and weighted average remaining contractual term of options outstanding were $1.8 million and 4.6 years, respectively. As of December 31, 2011, the aggregate intrinsic value and weighted average remaining contractual term of exercisable options were $1.2 million and 4.2 years, respectively.

        As of December 31, 2011 the total unrecognized compensation expense related to outstanding nonvested stock options was $1.1 million, which will be adjusted in the future for the difference between estimated and actual forfeitures. The Company expects to recognize that expense over the weighted average remaining service period of 1.0 years.

Black-Scholes Option Pricing Weighted Average Assumptions

 
  2010   2009  

Dividend yield

    0.9 %   2.0 %

Expected volatility

    74.68     66.25  

Risk free interest rate

    2.4     2.1  

Expected life

    5 years     5 years  

Forfeiture rate

    4.5     6.0  

Weighted average grant date fair value

  $ 11.51   $ 5.15  

        These assumptions were based:

  • The expected dividend yield is based on the current expected annual dividend and share price on the grant date,

    Expected volatility is estimated at the date of grant based on the historical share price volatility, calculated on a daily basis,

    The risk-free interest rate is the implied yield currently available on U.S. Treasury zero-coupon issues with an equivalent remaining term to the granted stock options,

    The expected life is based on the average expected term of the Company's guideline companies, which are defined as similar or peer entities, since the Company has insufficient expected life data,

    The forfeiture rate is based on the rate used by the Company's guideline companies, since the Company has insufficient forfeiture data. Estimated forfeitures will be reassessed at each grant vesting date and may change based on new facts and circumstances.

        The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 was $0.3 million, $0.2 million and $27 thousand, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, $0.6 million, $0.2 million and $0.2 million, respectively, was received from the exercise of stock options and $0, $28 thousand and $(17) thousand, respectively, related tax benefit was recorded and included in the financing section in the statement of cash flows. In order to satisfy stock option exercises, the Company will issue new shares.

Restricted Stock Awards

        Restricted stock awards to employees generally vest in equal annual installments over a four-year period and restricted stock awards to outside directors vest in full in one year. Restricted stock awards are amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service periods of the awards, and restricted stock to outside directors vest in full in one year, which are generally the vesting periods, with the exception of retirement-eligible employees, discussed above.

Restricted Stock Award Activity

Nonvested Shares
  Number of
Shares
  Weighted
Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
 

Nonvested at December 31, 2010

    191,578   $ 25.01  

Granted

    57,435     16.54  

Vested

    (172,953 )   24.85  

Forfeited

         
           

Nonvested at December 31, 2011

    76,060   $ 18.99  
           

        As of December 31, 2011 the total unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding nonvested restricted stock awards was $0.4 million, which the Company expects to recognize over the weighted-average remaining service period of 0.4 years. The total fair value of shares vested during the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 was $4.3 million, $4.5 million and $7.6 million, respectively.

Restricted Stock Units

        Restricted stock units are valued based on the closing price of the underlying shares at the date of grant. These restricted stock units have vesting terms similar to those of the restricted common shares and are delivered on the vesting date. The Company has granted restricted stock units to directors of the Company. These restricted stock units vest over a one-year period and are delivered after directors leave.

Restricted Stock Unit Activity
(Excluding Dividend Equivalents)

Nonvested Stock Units
  Number of
Stock Units
  Weighted
Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value
 

Nonvested at December 31, 2010

    1,079,219   $ 17.31  

Granted

    569,000     14.57  

Delivered

    (305,744 )   16.39  

Forfeited

    (109,300 )   16.69  
           

Nonvested at December 31, 2011

    1,233,175   $ 16.33  
           

        As of December 31, 2011, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to outstanding nonvested restricted stock units was $6.0 million, which the Company expects to recognize over the weighted-average remaining service period of 1.6 years. The total fair value of restricted stock units delivered during the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009 was $5.0 million, $2.3 million and $1.4 million, respectively.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

        In January 2005, the Company established the Stock Purchase Plan in accordance with Internal Revenue Code Section 423. The Stock Purchase Plan was approved by shareholders at the 2005 Annual General Meeting. Participation in the Stock Purchase Plan is available to all eligible employees. Maximum annual purchases by participants are limited to the number of whole shares that can be purchased by an amount equal to 10 percent of the participant's compensation or, if less, shares having a value of $25,000. Participants may purchase shares at a purchase price equal to 85 percent of the lesser of the fair market value of the stock on the first day or the last day of the subscription period. The Company reserved for issuance and purchases under the Stock Purchase Plan 350,000 shares of its common stock. Employees purchased the Company's shares for aggregate proceeds of $0.7 million, $0.7 million and $0.4 million in the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009. The Company issued 50,523 shares in 2011, 54,101 shares in 2010 and 39,054 shares in 2009 under the Stock Purchase Plan. The Company recorded $0.2 million in share-based compensation, after the effects of DAC, under the Stock Purchase Plan during the year ended December 31, 2011. The fair value of each award under the Stock Purchase Plan is estimated at the beginning of each offering period using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model and the following assumptions: a) the expected dividend yield is based on the current expected annual dividend and share price on the grant date; b) the expected volatility is estimated at the date of grant based on the historical share price volatility, calculated on a daily basis; c) the risk-free rate for periods within the contractual life of the option is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant; and d) the expected life is based on the term of the offering period.

Share-Based Compensation Expense

        The following table presents stock based compensation costs by type of award and the effect of deferring such costs as policy acquisition costs, pre-tax. Amortization of previously deferred stock compensation costs is not shown in the table below.


Share-Based Compensation Expense Summary

 
  Year Ended December 31,  
 
  2011   2010   2009  
 
  (in millions)
 

Share-Based Employee Cost

                   

Restricted Stock

                   

Recurring amortization

  $ 0.2   $ 1.3   $ 2.8  

Accelerated amortization for retirement eligible employees

            0.3  
               

Subtotal

    0.2     1.3     3.1  
               

Restricted Stock Units

                   

Recurring amortization

    3.0     2.4     1.6  

Accelerated amortization for retirement eligible employees

    4.8     3.8     1.4  
               

Subtotal

    7.8     6.2     3.0  
               

Stock Options

                   

Recurring amortization

    1.7     1.7     2.3  

Accelerated amortization for retirement eligible employees

    0.2     2.2     0.5  
               

Subtotal

    1.9     3.9     2.8  
               

ESPP

    0.3     0.4     0.2  
               

Total Share-Based Employee Cost

    10.2     11.8     9.1  
               

Share-Based Directors Cost

                   

Restricted Stock

    0.8     0.6     0.6  

Restricted Stock Units

            0.2  

Stock Options

    0.1     0.3     0.2  
               

Total Share-Based Directors Cost

    0.9     0.9     1.0  
               

Total Share-Based Cost

    11.1     12.7     10.1  

Less: Share-based compensation capitalized as DAC

    3.0     1.8     2.3  
               

Share-based compensation expense

  $ 8.1   $ 10.9   $ 7.8  
               

Income tax benefit

  $ 1.6   $ 2.3   $ 1.8  
               

Defined Contribution Plan

        The Company maintains savings incentive plans, which are qualified under Section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code. The U.S. savings incentive plan is available to eligible full-time employees upon hire. Eligible participants may contribute a percentage of their salary subject to a maximum of $16,500 for 2011. Contributions are matched by the Company at a rate of 100% up to 6% of participant's compensation, subject to IRS limitations. Any amounts over the IRS limits are contributed to and matched by the Company into a nonqualified supplemental executive retirement plan for employees eligible to participate in such nonqualified plan. The Company also makes a core contribution of 6% of the participant's compensation to the qualified plan, subject to IRS limitations, and the nonqualified supplemental executive retirement plan for eligible employees, regardless of whether the employee contributes to the plan(s). In addition, employees become fully vested in Company contributions after one year of service, as defined in the plan. Plan eligibility is immediate upon hire.

        In Bermuda the savings incentive plan qualified under Section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code is available to eligible full-time employees upon their first date of employment. Eligible participants may contribute a percentage of their salary subject to a maximum of $16,500 for 2011. Contributions are matched by the Company at a rate of 100% up to 6% of the participant's compensation, subject to IRS limitations. Eligible participants also receive a Company core contribution equal to 6% of the participant's compensation, subject to IRS limitations, without requiring the participant to contribute to the plan. Participants generally vest in Company contributions upon the completion of one year of service. With respect to those employees who are Bermudian or spouses of Bermudians and who must participate in the Bermuda national pension scheme plan maintained by the Company, a portion of the foregoing contributions are made to the Bermuda national pension scheme plan. If employee or employer contributions in the Bermuda savings incentive plan are limited by the tax-qualification rules of Code section 401(a), then contributions in excess of those limits are allocated to a nonqualified plan for eligible employees. The Company may contribute an additional amount to eligible employees' Bermuda nonqualified plan accounts at the discretion of the Board of Directors. No such contribution was made for plan years 2011, 2010 or in 2009.

        The Company recognized defined contribution expenses of $9.9 million, $11.4 million and $6.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.

        Employees of AGMH participated in the AGMH defined contribution plans in effect prior to the AGMH Acquisition through December 31, 2009. Effective January 1, 2010, all AGMH employees have joined the Company's defined contribution plans.

Cash-Based Compensation

Performance Retention Plan

        In February 2006, the Company established the Assured Guaranty Ltd. Performance Retention Plan ("PRP") which permits the grant of cash based awards to selected employees. PRP awards may be treated as nonqualified deferred compensation subject to the rules of Internal Revenue Code Section 409A, and the PRP was amended in 2007 to comply with those rules. The PRP was again amended in 2008 to be a sub-plan under the Company's Long-Term Incentive Plan (enabling awards under the plan to be performance based compensation exempt from the $1 million limit on tax deductible compensation). The revisions also give the Compensation Committee greater flexibility in establishing the terms of performance retention awards, including the ability to establish different performance periods and performance objectives.

        The Company granted a limited number of PRP awards in 2007, which vested after four years of continued employment (or if earlier, on employment termination, if the participant's termination occured as a result of death, disability, or retirement), and participants received the designated award in a single lump sum when it vested, except that participants who vested as a result of retirement received the bonus at the end of the four year period during which the award would have vested had the participant continued in employment. The value of the award paid was greater than the originally designated amount only if actual company performance, as measured by an increase in the company's adjusted book value, as defined in the PRP, improved during the four year performance period. For February 2007 awards, for those participants who vested prior to the end of the four year period as a result of their termination of employment resulting from retirement, death or disability, the value of the award paid was greater than the originally designated amount only if actual company performance, as measured by an increase in the company's adjusted book value, improved during the period ending on the last day of the calendar quarter prior to the date of the participant's termination of employment.

        Beginning in 2008, the Company integrated PRP awards into its long term incentive compensation system and substantially increased the number and amount of these awards. Generally, each PRP award is divided into three installments, with 25% of the award allocated to a performance period that includes the year of the award and the next year, 25% of the award allocated to a performance period that includes the year of the award and the next two years, and 50% of the award allocated to a performance period that includes the year of the award and the next three years. Each installment of an award vests if the participant remains employed through the end of the performance period for that installment. Awards may vest upon the occurrence of other events as set forth in the plan documents. Payment for each performance period is made at the end of that performance period. One half of each installment is increased or decreased in proportion to the increase or decrease of per share adjusted book value during the performance period, and one half of each installment is increased or decreased in proportion to the operating return on equity during the performance period. Since 2008, a limited number of awards have cliff vesting in four or five years. Operating return on equity and adjusted book value are defined in each PRP award agreement.

        Under awards since 2008, a payment otherwise subject to the $1 million limit on tax deductible compensation, will not be made unless performance satisfies a minimum threshold.

        As described above, the performance measures used to determine the amounts distributable under the PRP are based on the Company's operating return on equity and growth in per share adjusted book value, or in the case of the 2007 awards growth in adjusted book value, as defined. The Compensation Committee believes that management's focus on achievement of these performance measures will lead to increases in the Company's intrinsic value. For PRP awards, the Compensation Committee uses the following methods to determine operating return on equity and adjusted book value.

  • Operating return on equity as of any date is determined by the Compensation Committee and equals the Company's operating income as a percentage of average shareholders' equity, excluding AOCI and after-tax unrealized gains (losses) on derivative financial instruments and the effect of consolidating FG VIE's. To determine operating income, the Compensation Committee adjusts reported net income or loss to remove realized gains and losses on investments and items that are determined by the Compensation Committee to increase or decrease reported net income or loss without a corresponding increase or decrease in value of AGL.

    To determine adjusted book value, the Compensation Committee adjusts the reported shareholder equity (i) to remove items that are determined by the Compensation Committee to increase or decrease reported shareholder equity without a corresponding increase or decrease in the value of the Company, and (ii) to include items that are determined by the Compensation Committee to increase or decrease the value of the Company without a corresponding increase or decrease to reported shareholder equity.

        The adjustments described above may be made by the AGL Compensation Committee at any time before distribution, except that, for certain senior executive officers, any adjustment made after the grant of the award may decrease but may not increase the amount of the distribution.

        In the event of a corporate transaction involving the Company, including, without limitation, any share dividend, share split, extraordinary cash dividend, recapitalization, reorganization, merger, amalgamation, consolidation, split-up, spin-off, sale of assets or subsidiaries, combination or exchange of shares, the Compensation Committee may adjust the calculation of the Company's adjusted book value and operating return on equity as the Compensation Committee deems necessary or desirable in order to preserve the benefits or potential benefits of PRP awards.

        The Company recognized performance retention plan expenses of $7.6 million, $14.0 million and $9.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively.