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Investments
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2011
Investments  
Investments

8. Investments

Fixed Maturity Securities and Short-Term Investments

Net Investment Income

 
  Second Quarter   Six Months  
 
  2011   2010   2011   2010  
 
  (in millions)
 

Income from fixed maturity securities

  $ 102.8   $ 92.6   $ 201.6   $ 179.8  

Income from short-term investments

    0.3         0.6     (0.4 )
                   
 

Gross investment income

    103.1     92.6     202.2     179.4  

Investment expenses

    (2.3 )   (1.7 )   (5.0 )   (4.2 )
                   
 

Net investment income

  $ 100.8   $ 90.9   $ 197.2   $ 175.2  
                   

        Net investment income increased due to a shift to longer duration assets, higher income on loss mitigation bonds, and additional earnings on cash received under Bank of America Agreement. Accrued investment income was $103.8 million and $97.9 million as of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.


Net Realized Investment Gains (Losses)

 
  Second Quarter   Six Months  
 
  2011   2010   2011   2010  
 
  (in millions)
 

Realized gains on investment portfolio

  $ 10.8   $ 12.1   $ 20.8   $ 25.3  

Realized losses on investment portfolio

    (4.3 )   (3.2 )   (6.9 )   (6.5 )

Other-than-temporary impairment ("OTTI"):

                         
 

Intent to sell

    (0.8 )   (1.3 )   (3.5 )   (1.7 )
 

Credit component of OTTI securities

    (10.8 )   (16.0 )   (12.7 )   (16.1 )
                   
   

OTTI(1)

    (11.6 )   (17.3 )   (16.2 )   (17.8 )
                   

Net realized investment gains (losses)

  $ (5.1 ) $ (8.4 ) $ (2.3 ) $ 1.0  
                   

(1)
OTTI recorded in the consolidated statement of operations includes only the credit component of unrealized fair value adjustments of impaired securities. The full unrealized loss was $26.8 million in Second Quarter 2011, $17.4 million in Second Quarter 2010, $33.8 million in Six Months 2011 and $18.5 million in 2010 prior to impairment, as shown on the consolidated statement of operations.

        The following table presents the roll forward of the credit losses of fixed maturity securities for which the Company has recognized OTTI and where the portion of the fair value adjustment related to other factors was recognized in other comprehensive income ("OCI").


Roll Forward of Credit Losses in the Investment Portfolio

 
  Second Quarter   Six Months  
 
  2011   2010   2011   2010  
 
  (in millions)
 

Balance, beginning of period

  $ 29.2   $ 20.0   $ 27.3   $ 19.9  

Additions for credit losses on securities for which an OTTI was not previously recognized

    9.1         10.5      

Eliminations of securities issued by FG VIEs

    (13.5 )       (13.5 )    

Reductions for securities sold during the period

    (5.0 )       (5.0 )    

Additions for credit losses on securities for which an OTTI was previously recognized

    1.8         2.3     0.1  
                   
 

Balance, end of period

  $ 21.6   $ 20.0   $ 21.6   $ 20.0  
                   


Fixed Maturity Securities and Short-Term Investments
by Security Type

 
  As of June 30, 2011
Investments Category
  Percent of
Total(1)
  Amortized
Cost
  Gross
Unrealized
Gains
  Gross
Unrealized
Losses
  Estimated
Fair Value
  AOCI Gain
(Loss) on
Securities
with OTTI(2)
  Weighted
Average
Credit
Quality(3)
 
  (dollars in millions)

Fixed maturity securities:

                                       
 

U.S. government and agencies

    9 % $ 926.1   $ 49.4   $ (0.2 ) $ 975.3   $   AAA
 

Obligations of state and political subdivisions

    47     5,038.7     162.3     (16.8 )   5,184.2     1.8   AA
 

Corporate securities

    10     1,045.7     28.7     (8.9 )   1,065.5     (0.2 ) AA-
 

Mortgage-backed securities(4):

                                       
   

RMBS

    11     1,208.8     59.9     (51.2 )   1,217.5     (23.0 ) AA+
   

CMBS

    5     498.8     17.7     (0.4 )   516.1     2.7   AAA
 

Asset-backed securities

    5     540.4     26.0     (5.5 )   560.9     19.6   BBB
 

Foreign government securities

    3     337.6     8.1     (1.0 )   344.7       AAA
                             
   

Total fixed maturity securities

    90     9,596.1     352.1     (84.0 )   9,864.2     0.9   AA

Short-term investments

    10     1,070.4             1,070.4       AAA
                             
   

Total investment portfolio

    100 % $ 10,666.5   $ 352.1   $ (84.0 ) $ 10,934.6   $ 0.9   AA
                             

 

 
  As of December 31, 2010
Investments Category
  Percent of
Total(1)
  Amortized
Cost
  Gross
Unrealized
Gains
  Gross
Unrealized
Losses
  Estimated
Fair Value
  AOCI Gain
(Loss) on
Securities
with OTTI(2)
  Weighted
Average
Credit
Quality(3)
 
  (dollars in millions)

Fixed maturity securities:

                                       
 

U.S. government and agencies

    10 % $ 1,000.3   $ 48.3   $ (0.4 ) $ 1,048.2   $   AAA
 

Obligations of state and political subdivisions

    48     4,922.0     99.9     (62.0 )   4,959.9     (1.4 ) AA
 

Corporate securities

    9     980.1     25.2     (12.8 )   992.5     0.2   AA-
 

Mortgage-backed securities(4):

                                       
   

RMBS

    11     1,173.6     56.4     (45.9 )   1,184.1     (8.6 ) AA
   

CMBS

    4     365.7     14.8     (1.4 )   379.1     2.5   AAA
 

Asset-backed securities

    5     498.2     9.9     (5.2 )   502.9     (4.1 ) BBB+
 

Foreign government securities

    3     349.5     5.3     (6.2 )   348.6       AA+
                             
   

Total fixed maturity securities

    90     9,289.4     259.8     (133.9 )   9,415.3     (11.4 ) AA

Short-term investments

    10     1,031.3     0.3         1,031.6       AAA
                             
   

Total investment portfolio

    100 % $ 10,320.7   $ 260.1   $ (133.9 ) $ 10,446.9   $ (11.4 ) AA
                             

(1)
Based on amortized cost.

(2)
Accumulated OCI ("AOCI").

(3)
Ratings in the tables above represent the lower of the Moody's and S&P classifications except for bonds purchased for loss mitigation or risk management strategies, which use internal ratings classifications. The Company's portfolio consists primarily of high-quality, liquid instruments.

(4)
As of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, approximately 63% and 64% of the Company's total mortgage-backed securities were government-agency obligations.

        The Company continues to receive sufficient information to value its investments and has not had to modify its valuation approach due to the current market conditions. As of June 30, 2011, amounts, net of tax, in AOCI included a net unrealized gain of $2.9 million for securities for which the Company had recognized OTTI and a net unrealized gain of $199.3 million for securities for which the Company had not recognized OTTI. As of December 31, 2010, amounts, net of tax, in AOCI included a net unrealized loss of $5.6 million for securities for which the Company had recognized OTTI and a net unrealized gain of $114.6 million for securities for which the Company had not recognized OTTI.

        The Company's investment portfolio in tax-exempt and taxable municipal securities includes issuances by a wide number of municipal authorities across the U.S. and its territories. This is a high quality portfolio of municipal securities with an average rating of AA as of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010. Securities rated lower than A-/A3 by S&P or Moody's are not eligible to be purchased for the Company's portfolio. The Company reports the lowest of the rating agency ratings in its disclosures.

        The following tables present the fair value of the Company's available-for-sale municipal bond portfolio as of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010 by state, excluding $369.8 million and $478.3 million of pre-refunded bonds, respectively. The credit ratings are based on the underlying ratings and do not include any benefit from bond insurance.


Fair Value of Available-for-Sale Municipal Bond Portfolio by State

 
  As of June 30, 2011
State
  State
General
Obligation
  Local
General
Obligation
  Revenue   Fair
Value
  Amortized
Cost
  Average
Credit
Rating
 
  (in millions)

Texas

  $ 73.0   $ 331.6   $ 284.1   $ 688.7   $ 670.1   AA

New York

    11.7     54.5     565.6     631.8     616.0   AA

California

    17.8     61.6     285.2     364.6     352.9   AA

Florida

    44.5     53.6     235.8     333.9     323.8   AA

Illinois

    15.6     90.8     200.3     306.7     300.9   AA

Washington

    63.0     37.8     105.4     206.2     201.1   AA

Massachusetts

    39.8     8.9     154.3     203.0     198.5   AA

Arizona

        7.2     154.7     161.9     158.8   AA

Michigan

        39.7     81.4     121.1     117.6   AA

Georgia

    19.5     38.7     61.6     119.8     119.5   AA

All others

    320.9     263.2     1,092.6     1,676.7     1,631.7   AA
                         
 

Total

  $ 605.8   $ 987.6   $ 3,221.0   $ 4,814.4   $ 4,690.9   AA
                         

 

 
  As of December 31, 2010
State
  State
General
Obligation
  Local
General
Obligation
  Revenue   Fair
Value
  Amortized
Cost
  Average
Credit
Rating
 
  (in millions)

Texas

  $ 76.8   $ 294.4   $ 251.9   $ 623.1   $ 620.7   AA

New York

    11.4     40.0     496.2     547.6     545.1   AA

California

    17.2     56.0     330.2     403.4     401.0   AA

Florida

    45.2     45.1     213.6     303.9     300.5   AA

Illinois

    10.5     91.0     195.6     297.1     300.9   AA

Washington

    80.0     37.2     89.2     206.4     204.6   AA

Massachusetts

    38.0     8.6     137.3     183.9     185.8   AA

Arizona

        0.6     144.5     145.1     145.5   AA

Michigan

        39.5     93.1     132.6     131.4   A

Georgia

    19.3     38.4     67.1     124.8     125.4   AA

All others

    220.8     220.8     1,072.1     1,513.7     1,504.4   AA
                         
 

Total

  $ 519.2   $ 871.6   $ 3,090.8   $ 4,481.6   $ 4,465.3   AA
                         

        The revenue bond portfolio is comprised primarily of essential service revenue bonds issued by water and sewer authorities and other utilities, transportation authorities, universities and healthcare providers.


Revenue Sources

 
  As of June 30, 2011   As of December 31, 2010  
State
  Fair
Value
  Amortized
Cost
  Fair
Value
  Amortized
Cost
 
 
  (in millions)
 

Transportation

  $ 760.7   $ 742.2   $ 725.5   $ 718.9  

Municipal utilities

    502.9     487.8     457.8     456.8  

Water and sewer

    486.8     478.6     470.6     471.3  

Higher education

    299.3     293.1     298.2     302.1  

Tax backed

    634.4     616.6     609.0     607.2  

Healthcare

    241.1     234.9     207.3     206.5  

All others

    295.8     291.9     322.4     323.1  
                   
 

Total

  $ 3,221.0   $ 3,145.1   $ 3,090.8   $ 3,085.9  
                   

        The Company's investment portfolio is managed by four outside managers. As municipal investments are a material portion of the Company's overall investment portfolio, the Company has established detailed guidelines regarding credit quality, exposure to a particular sector and exposure to a particular obligor within a sector. Each of the portfolio managers perform independent analysis on every municipal security they purchase for the Company's portfolio. The Company meets with each of its portfolio managers each quarter and reviews all investments with a change in credit rating as well as any investments on the manager's watch list of securities with the potential for downgrade. The Company does not independently assign investments within the Company's portfolio an individual rating.

        The following tables summarize, for all securities in an unrealized loss position, the aggregate fair value and gross unrealized loss by length of time the amounts have continuously been in an unrealized loss position.


Fixed Maturity Securities
Gross Unrealized Loss by Length of Time

 
  As of June 30, 2011  
 
  Less than 12 months   12 months or more   Total  
 
  Fair
value
  Unrealized
loss
  Fair
value
  Unrealized
loss
  Fair
value
  Unrealized
loss
 
 
  (dollars in millions)
 

U.S. government and agencies

  $ 54.4   $ (0.2 ) $   $   $ 54.4   $ (0.2 )

Obligations of state and political subdivisions

    851.4     (16.0 )   9.5     (0.8 )   860.9     (16.8 )

Corporate securities

    355.8     (8.9 )           355.8     (8.9 )

Mortgage-backed securities:

                                     
 

RMBS

    218.4     (27.9 )   10.1     (23.3 )   228.5     (51.2 )
 

CMBS

    72.3     (0.4 )           72.3     (0.4 )

Asset-backed securities

    43.7     (5.5 )   2.2     (0.0 )   45.9     (5.5 )

Foreign government securities

    80.1     (1.0 )           80.1     (1.0 )
                           
 

Total

  $ 1,676.1   $ (59.9 ) $ 21.8   $ (24.1 ) $ 1,697.9   $ (84.0 )
                           
 

Number of securities

          264           13           277  
                                 
 

Number of securities with OTTI

          5           3           8  
                                 

 

 
  As of December 31, 2010  
 
  Less than 12 months   12 months or more   Total  
 
  Fair
value
  Unrealized
loss
  Fair
value
  Unrealized
loss
  Fair
value
  Unrealized
loss
 
 
  (dollars in millions)
 

U.S. government and agencies

  $ 20.5   $ (0.4 ) $   $   $ 20.5   $ (0.4 )

Obligations of state and political subdivisions

    1,694.5     (58.9 )   23.5     (3.1 )   1,718.0     (62.0 )

Corporate securities

    403.6     (12.8 )           403.6     (12.8 )

Mortgage-backed securities:

                                     
 

RMBS

    148.4     (32.8 )   45.3     (13.1 )   193.7     (45.9 )
 

CMBS

    92.6     (1.4 )           92.6     (1.4 )

Asset-backed securities

    228.3     (5.1 )   2.3     (0.1 )   230.6     (5.2 )

Foreign government securities

    245.3     (6.2 )           245.3     (6.2 )
                           
 

Total

  $ 2,833.2   $ (117.6 ) $ 71.1   $ (16.3 ) $ 2,904.3   $ (133.9 )
                           
 

Number of securities

          406           19           425  
                                 
 

Number of securities with OTTI

          10           3           13  
                                 

        The decrease in gross unrealized losses for Six Months 2011 was primarily attributable to municipal securities. Of the securities in an unrealized loss position for 12 months or more as of June 30, 2011, five securities had unrealized losses greater than 10% of book value. The total unrealized loss for these securities as of June 30, 2011 was $23.3 million. The unrealized loss is yield-related and not specific to individual issuer credit. The Company has determined that these securities were not other-than-temporarily-impaired as of June 30, 2011.

        The amortized cost and estimated fair value of available-for-sale fixed maturity securities by contractual maturity as of June 30, 2011 are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.


Distribution of Fixed Maturity Securities
by Contractual Maturity

 
  As of June 30, 2011  
 
  Amortized
Cost
  Estimated
Fair Value
 
 
  (in millions)
 

Due within one year

  $ 279.4   $ 281.2  

Due after one year through five years

    1,636.1     1,685.5  

Due after five years through 10 years

    2,515.4     2,626.0  

Due after 10 years

    3,457.6     3,537.9  

Mortgage-backed securities:

             
 

RMBS

    1,208.8     1,217.5  
 

CMBS

    498.8     516.1  
           

Total

  $ 9,596.1   $ 9,864.2  
           

        Under agreements with its cedants and in accordance with statutory requirements, the Company maintains fixed maturity securities in trust accounts for the benefit of reinsured companies, which amounted to $374.1 million and $365.3 million as of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively. In addition, to fulfill state licensing requirements, the Company has placed on deposit eligible securities of $19.1 million and $19.2 million as of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively, for the protection of policyholders.

        Under certain derivative contracts, the Company is required to post eligible securities as collateral. The need to post collateral under these transactions is generally based on mark-to-market valuations in excess of contractual thresholds. The fair market value of the Company's pledged securities totaled $768.6 million and $765.9 million as of June 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively.

        No material investments of the Company were non-income-producing for Six Months 2011 and 2010, respectively.

        The Company purchased securities that it has insured, and for which it has expected losses to be paid, in order to mitigate the economic effect of insured losses. These securities were purchased at a discount and are accounted for excluding the effects of the Company's insurance on the securities. As of June 30, 2011, securities purchased for loss mitigation purposes had a fair value of $168.1 million, representing $406.6 million of par. Under the terms of certain credit derivative contracts, the Company has obtained the obligations referenced in the transactions and recorded such assets in fixed maturity securities in the consolidated balance sheets. Such amounts totaled $193.4 million, representing $246.9 million in par.