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Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2011
Dec. 31, 2010
Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract]    
Basis of consolidation
Basis of consolidation
 
These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
 
Use of estimates
Use of estimates
 
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates made by management include: oil and natural gas reserves and related present value of future cash flows; depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment (“DD&A”); impairment assessments of goodwill; timing of transfers from oil and gas properties not subject to amortization to the amortization base; asset retirement obligations; determining the value of the consideration transferred and the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with business combinations and determining goodwill; income taxes; legal and other contingencies; and stock-based compensation. Although management believes these estimates are reasonable, changes in facts and circumstances or discovery of new information may result in revised estimates, and actual results may differ from these estimates.
 
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents
 
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.
 
Restricted cash  
Restricted cash
 
Restricted cash comprises cash and cash equivalents pledged to secure letters of credit.  Letters of credit currently secured by cash relate to work commitment guarantees contained in exploration contracts. Restricted cash is classified between current and long term assets based on the expiration dates of the letters of credit.
Allowance for doubtful accounts
Allowance for doubtful accounts
 
The Company estimates losses on receivables based on known uncollectible accounts, if any, and historical experience of losses incurred. The allowance for doubtful receivables was nil at December 31, 2011 and 2010.
 
Inventory
Inventory

Inventory consists of oil in tanks and supplies and is valued at the lower of cost or market value. The cost of inventory is determined using the weighted average method. Oil inventories include expenditures incurred to produce, upgrade and transport the product to the storage facilities.
 
Income taxes
Income taxes
 
Income taxes are recognized using the liability method, whereby deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the consolidated financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax base, and operating loss and tax credit carry forwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences and carryforwards are expected to be recovered or settled. Valuation allowances are provided if, after considering available evidence, it is not more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will be realized.

The tax benefit from an uncertain tax position is recognized when it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits of the position, that the position will be sustained on examination by the taxing authorities. Additionally, the amount of the tax benefit recognized is the largest amount of benefit that has a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. In evaluating whether a tax position has met the more-likely-than-not recognition threshold, the Company presumes that the position will be examined by the appropriate taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. The Company recognizes potential penalties and interest related to unrecognized tax benefits as a component of income tax expense.
 
Oil and gas properties
Oil and gas properties
 
The Company uses the full cost method of accounting for its investment in oil and natural gas properties as defined by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Under this method, the Company capitalizes all acquisition, exploration and development costs incurred for the purpose of finding oil and natural gas reserves, including salaries, benefits and other internal costs directly attributable to these activities. Costs associated with production and general corporate activities; however, are expensed as incurred. Interest costs related to unproved properties and properties under development are also capitalized to oil and natural gas properties. Separate cost centers are maintained for each country in which the Company incurs costs.
 
The Company computes depletion of oil and natural gas properties on a quarterly basis using the unit-of-production method based upon production and estimates of proved reserve quantities. Future development costs related to properties with proved reserves are also included in the amortization base for computation of depletion The costs of unproved properties are excluded from the amortization until the properties are evaluated. The cost of exploratory dry wells is transferred to proved properties, and thus subject to amortization, immediately upon determination that a well is dry in those countries where proved reserves exist.

The Company performs a ceiling test calculation each quarter in accordance with SEC Regulation S-X Rule 4-10. In performing its quarterly ceiling test, the Company limits, on a country-by-country basis, the capitalized costs of proved oil and natural gas properties, net of accumulated depletion and deferred income taxes, to the estimated future net cash flows from proved oil and natural gas reserves discounted at 10%, net of related tax effects, plus the lower of cost or fair value of unproved properties included in the costs being amortized. If such capitalized costs exceed the ceiling, the Company will record a write-down to the extent of such excess as a non-cash charge to net income. Any such write-down will reduce earnings in the period of occurrence and results in a lower DD&A rate in future periods. A write-down may not be reversed in future periods even though higher oil and natural gas prices may subsequently increase the ceiling.

The Company implemented the SEC final rule “Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting” at December 31, 2009 and calculates future net cash flows by applying the average of prices in effect on the first day of the month for the preceding 12 month period, adjusted for location and quality differentials. Such prices are utilized except where different prices are fixed and determinable from applicable contracts for the remaining term of those contracts.

Unproved properties are not depleted pending the determination of the existence of proved reserves. Costs are transferred into the amortization base on an ongoing basis as the properties are evaluated and proved reserves are established or impairment is determined. Unproved properties are evaluated quarterly to ascertain whether impairment has occurred. This evaluation considers, among other factors, seismic data, requirements to relinquish acreage, drilling results and activity, remaining time in the commitment period, remaining capital plans, and political, economic, and market conditions. During any period in which factors indicate an impairment, the cumulative costs incurred to date for such property are transferred to the full cost pool and are then subject to amortization. For prospects where a reserve base has not yet been established, the impairment is charged to earnings.
 
In exploration areas, related geological and geophysical (“G&G”) costs are capitalized in unproved property and evaluated as part of the total capitalized costs associated with a property. G&G costs related to development projects are recorded in proved properties and therefore subject to amortization as incurred.
 
Gains and losses on the sale or other disposition of oil and natural gas properties are not recognized, unless the gain or loss would significantly alter the relationship between capitalized costs and proved reserves of oil and natural gas attributable to a country.
 
Asset retirement obligations
Asset retirement obligation
 
The Company records the fair value of a liability for a legal obligation to retire an asset in the period in which the liability is incurred with an offsetting increase to the related oil and gas properties. The fair value of asset retirement obligations are measured by reference to the expected future cash outflows required to satisfy the retirement obligations discounted at the Company's credit-adjusted risk-free interest rate. Accretion expense is recognized over time as the discounted liabilities are accreted to their expected settlement value, while the asset retirement cost is amortized over the estimated productive life of the related assets. The accretion of the asset retirement obligation and amortization of the asset retirement cost are included in DD&A. If estimated future costs of asset retirement obligations change, an adjustment is recorded to both the asset retirement obligation and oil and gas properties. Revisions to the estimated asset retirement obligation can result from changes in retirement cost estimates, revisions to estimated inflation rates and changes in the estimated timing of abandonment.
 
Other capital assets
Other capital assets
 
Other capital assets, including additions and replacements, are recorded at cost upon acquisition and include furniture, fixtures and leasehold improvement, computer equipment and automobiles. Depreciation is provided using the declining-balance method at a 30% annual rate for furniture and fixtures, computer equipment and automobiles. Leasehold improvements are depreciated on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the estimated useful life and the term of the related lease. The cost of repairs and maintenance is charged to expense as incurred.
 
Goodwill
Goodwill
 
Goodwill represents the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred over the net identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed and is tested for impairment at least annually unless business events indicate an impairment test is required more frequently. The impairment test requires allocating goodwill and certain other assets and liabilities to assigned reporting units. The fair value of each reporting unit is estimated and compared with the net book value of the reporting unit. If the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is less than the net book value, including goodwill, then the goodwill is written down to the implied fair value of the goodwill through a charge to expense. Because quoted market prices are not available for the Company's reporting units, the fair values of the reporting units are estimated based upon estimated future cash flows of the reporting unit.

The Company recorded $87.6 million of goodwill in relation to the acquisition of Solana Resources Limited (“Solana”) in 2008 and $15.0 million of goodwill in relation to the Argosy Energy International L.P. (“Argosy”)acquisition in 2006. The goodwill relates entirely to the Colombia reportable segment. The Company performed annual impairment tests of goodwill at December 31, 2011 and 2010. Based on these assessments, no impairment of goodwill was identified.
 
Revenue recognition
Revenue recognition
 
Revenue from the production of oil and natural gas is recognized when title passes to the customer and when collection of the revenue is reasonably assured. For the Company's Colombian operations, Gran Tierra's customers take title when the oil is transferred to their pipeline. In Argentina, Gran Tierra transports oil from the field to the customer's refinery or the oil terminal by pipeline or truck, where title is transferred. For the Company's gas sales in Argentina, Gran Tierra's customers take title when the gas is transferred to their pipeline. In Brazil, Gran Tierra transports product from the field to the customer's station by truck, where title is transferred. Revenue represents the Company's share and is recorded net of royalty payments to governments and other mineral interest owners.
 
Stock based compensation
Stock-based compensation
 
The Company follows the fair-value based method of accounting for stock options granted to directors, officers and employees. Compensation expense for options granted is based on the estimated fair value, using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, at the time of grant and the expense, net of estimated forfeitures, is recognized over the requisite service period using the accelerated method. An adjustment is made to compensation expense for any difference between the estimated forfeitures and the actual forfeitures related to vested awards. The Company uses historical data to estimate option exercises, expected term and employee departure behavior used in the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Expected volatilities used in the fair value estimate are based on historical volatility of the Company's stock. The risk-free rate for periods within the expected term of the stock options is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant. Stock-based compensation expense is capitalized as part of oil and natural gas properties or expensed as part of operating expenses or general and administrative (“G&A”) expenses, as appropriate.
 
Warrants
Warrants
 
The Company issued warrants (“Replacement Warrants”) in connection with its acquisition of Petrolifera Petroleum Limited (“Petrolifera”) in March 2011 (Note 3). The Replacement Warrants expired unexercised during August 2011. These warrants were derivative financial instruments and were recognized at fair value in the consolidated balance sheet as a current liability and as part of the consideration paid for the acquisition (Note 12). In connection with the acquisition of Solana in November 2008, the Company recorded the fair value of warrants assumed of $23.6 million as part of the consideration paid for the acquisition. The Company determines the fair value of warrants issued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.
 
Foreign currency translation
Foreign currency translation
 
The functional currency of the Company, including its subsidiaries, is the United States dollar. Monetary items are translated into the reporting currency at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date and non-monetary items are translated at historical exchange rates. Revenue and expense items are translated in a manner that produces substantially the same reporting currency amounts that would have resulted had the underlying transactions been translated on the dates they occurred. Depreciation or amortization of assets is translated at the historical exchange rates similar to the assets to which they relate.
 
Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions, which are transactions denominated in a currency other than the entity's functional currency, are recognized in net income.
 
Income per share
Net income per share
 
Basic net income per share is calculated by dividing net income attributable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares issued and outstanding during each period. Diluted net income per share is calculated by adjusting the average number of common shares outstanding for the dilutive effect, if any, of common stock equivalents. The Company uses the treasury stock method to determine the dilutive effect. This method assumes that all common share equivalents have been exercised at the beginning of the period (or at the time of issuance, if later), and that the funds obtained thereby were used to purchase common shares of the Company at the average trading price of common shares during the period.
 
Adopted accounting pronouncements
Adopted accounting pronouncements
 
Stock Compensation

In April 2010, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2010-13, "Compensation–Stock Compensation (Topic 718)." The update clarifies that an employee share-based payment award with an exercise price denominated in the currency of a market in which a substantial portion of the entity's equity securities trades should not be considered to contain a condition that is not a market, performance, or service condition. Therefore, an entity would not classify such an award as a liability if it otherwise qualifies as equity. This ASU was effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2010. The implementation of this update did not materially impact the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Business Combinations

In December 2010, the FASB issued ASU 2010-29, "Business Combinations (Topic 850), Disclosures of Supplementary Pro Forma Information for Business Combinations." The update is intended to conform reporting of pro forma revenue and earnings for material business combinations included in the notes to the financial statements and expand disclosure of non-recurring adjustments that are directly attributable to the business combination. The pro forma revenue and earnings of the combined entity are presented as if the acquisition had occurred as of the beginning of the annual reporting period. If comparatives are presented, the pro forma disclosures for both periods presented should be reported as if the acquisition had occurred as of the beginning of the comparable prior annual reporting period only. This ASU was effective for business combinations for which the acquisition date was on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2010. The disclosure requirements of this ASU have been adopted by the Company.
 
Recently issued accounting pronouncements
Recently issued accounting pronouncements

Goodwill

In September 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-08, "Intangibles – Goodwill and Other (Topic 350)." The update is intended to simplify how entities test goodwill for impairment. The update permits entities to assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount and whether it is necessary to perform the two-step goodwill impairment test. This ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2011.The implementation of this update is not expected to materially impact the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Disclosure about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities

In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-11, "Balance Sheet – Disclosure about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities (Topic 210)." The update requires an entity to disclose information about offsetting and related arrangements to enable users of its financial statements to understand the effect of those arrangements on its financial position. This ASU is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after January 1, 2013. The implementation of this update is not expected to materially impact the Company's disclosure.