Exhibit 1

                             JOINT FILING AGREEMENT

         Firebird Management LLC, FGS Advisors, LLC and Firebird Avrora Advisors
LLC in compliance with Rule 13d-1(k) of the Securities and Exchange Commission,
hereby agree that the statement on Schedule 13D to which this Agreement is
attached as an exhibit is, and any amendments thereto filed by any of us will
be, filed on behalf of each such company, that each such company is responsible
for the timely filing of the Schedule 13D and any amendments thereto and for the
completeness and accuracy of the information concerning such company contained
therein.

Dated:  August 8, 2005


                                           FIREBIRD MANAGEMENT LLC


                                           By:    /s/ Harvey Sawikin
                                                  ----------------------------
                                           Name:  Harvey Sawikin
                                           Title: Principal


                                           FGS ADVISORS, LLC


                                           By:    /s/ James Passin
                                                  ----------------------------
                                           Name:  James Passin
                                           Title: Principal


                                           FIREBIRD AVRORA ADVISORS LLC


                                           By:    /s/ Harvey Sawikin
                                                  ----------------------------
                                           Name:  Harvey Sawikin
                                           Title: Principal